Memory impairment. Features and relationship of short-term and long-term memory Advantages and disadvantages of long-term memory

V mass consciousness memory is still perceived as an analogue hard drive, only less accurate and reliable. This analogy is fundamentally wrong. In almost all respects, human memory is fundamentally different from machine memory.

Let's compare them according to several indicators: non-volatility, memory capacity, interface bandwidth, data storage method, mechanisms for storing and reproducing information, file system, the need for maintenance breaks, reliability.



Energy independence

Computer memory can be both volatile and non-volatile. Human memory is only volatile. Cardiac arrest causes brain death and data loss in as little as 6 minutes.

Memory

It is extremely difficult to accurately measure the size of a person's long-term memory, although attempts are being made (some calculations show that it is measured in hundreds of terabytes). Most likely, our memory is commensurate with the capabilities of modern computing technology.
Short-term (working) memory is easier to measure. Not by gigabytes, of course, but by the number of objects that a person is able to keep in memory without repetition: only seven, plus or minus two. Computers have come a long way in this regard.

As for the number of simultaneously running processes, things are even worse here. We can fully focus on only one task. Parallel processes can be performed only when conscious thought efforts are not required or are required at a minimum (smoking, listening to music, scratching your leg).

Communication standard

Inside the computer, data is exchanged in the form of electrical signals.

In the brain, individual neurons also operate electrical signals, but to transmit data across synapses, they convert them into less efficient ones. chemical compounds, which leads to loss of heat and information.

Interface bandwidth

The bandwidth of computer interfaces reaches tens of gigabytes per second.

Human neural interfaces are more difficult to measure, but according to existing estimates, their capabilities are more modest. The sense organs are capable of receiving up to 11 Mbit/s, but a person consciously absorbs no more than 40 bit/s. Moreover, most of the time our conscious information flow is only 16 bps.

Data storage method

Computing devices store information on a hard disk or its equivalent. In humans, memories are extremely atomized and fragmented throughout the brain. The memory of unpleasant emotions is stored in the amygdala, graphics in the visual cortex, sound in the auditory cortex, and so on.

Memorization and reproduction of information

First: Computers reproduce information exactly as recorded. The brain does not store anything in finished form, it operates with a system of cross-references. At the moment of activation of the memory, special proteins are created, with their help, connections are established between the necessary parts of the brain and the memory comes to life. The closest analogy is theatrical performance: The script is the same every time, but there may be differences in details.

Second: machine memory is context independent. The brain, on the other hand, tries to remember only the most important (essence) and with reference to the context. To remember and remember, we need associations and preferably the situation that was at the time of the event. This speeds up access to frequently used data, but reduces the speed of working with memory in general.

There are people with phenomenal memory, but they either suffer from cognitive impairment or are trained with the help of mnemonics, that is, again, the ability to use context.

File system

Electronics knows exactly where everything is stored thanks to the file system. The brain is in chaos. There is no file system, but there is a huge data dump with context stickers pasted on them: "birthday", "Yulia's kiss", "bitten by a dog", "got drunk and jumped into the river, then a boil jumped up", "saw a slot machine for the first time". The computer accesses its memory with specific requests: who, what, where, when. The request to the brain looks much less formal: “Is there anything on the topic?”

Service breaks

According to one theory, sleep is needed for memory consolidation. During wakefulness, a constant flow of information leads to an increase in synaptic conduction in the brain, and over time this makes the brain work inefficiently. Sleep reduces synaptic conduction to an optimal level.
Computers can work longer, but they also need a break sometimes - for example, due to memory leaks.



Reliability

In terms of reliability, both systems are about equal. Computing devices store data on a hard disk. In the event of a malfunction, the data is lost, and the computer fails. On the other hand, the contents of the hard drive can be duplicated using RAID or set up backups.

The brain is less reliable, but more flexible. Human memory itself is not organized in the best way, and in case of injury there is a possibility of amnesia. But memory sometimes returns, and a person can maintain working capacity and the ability to remember even with very severe head injuries and the loss of a significant part of the brain.

Why is memory arranged so stupidly?

Computers are only concerned with computing and storing data. They are specially optimized for this.

The human genome is 98.5% identical to the chimpanzee genome. The brain was also designed by evolution mainly for the needs of the animal. What does an animal need? Find food, run away from a predator, defeat a pack rival, mate with a female. Nothing more complicated than the group hierarchy and the history of relationships with relatives, the monkey does not have to remember. Therefore, our brain is also optimized not for thinking (focusing on intellectual tasks requires a lot of effort) and remembering large amounts of data, but primarily for controlling the body.

Indirect evidence of this is the current state of robotics. Robots can easily cope with complex calculations, but simple movements (catch a ball, climb stairs) are given to them with great difficulty.

Ernest Halamizer

Memory impairment is a disorder that significantly impairs the quality of life of individuals, and is quite common. There are two basic varieties of human memory impairment, namely, a qualitative disorder of the memory function and a quantitative one. The qualitative type of abnormal functioning is expressed in the appearance of erroneous (false) memories, in the confusion of phenomena of reality, cases from the past and imaginary situations. Quantitative defects are found in the weakening or strengthening of memory traces, and besides this, in the loss of biological reflection of events.

Memory disorders are quite diverse, most of them are characterized by short duration and reversibility. Basically, such disorders are provoked by overwork, neurotic conditions, the influence of drugs and excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages. Others are generated by more significant causes and are much more difficult to correct. So, for example, in a complex, a violation of memory and attention, as well as mental function (), is considered a more serious disorder, leading to a decrease in the adaptive mechanism of the individual, which makes it dependent on others.

Causes of memory impairment

There are a lot of factors provoking a disorder of the cognitive functions of the psyche. So, for example, human memory impairment can be triggered by the presence of asthenic syndrome, manifested in rapid fatigue, exhaustion of the body, also occur due to high anxiety of the individual, traumatic brain injuries, age-related changes, with a depressive state, alcoholism, intoxication, microelement deficiency.

Memory impairment in children can be due to congenital mental underdevelopment or an acquired condition, which is usually expressed in the deterioration of the direct processes of memorizing and reproducing the information received (hypomnesia) or in the loss of certain moments from memory (amnesia).

Amnesia in small representatives of society is more often the result of trauma, the presence of mental illness, severe poisoning. Partial memory defects in children are most often observed as a result of the following factors in combination: an unfavorable psychological microclimate in family relationships or in a children's team, frequent asthenic conditions, including those caused by constant acute respiratory infections, and hypovitaminosis.

Nature arranged it so that from the moment of birth, the memory of babies is constantly developing, therefore, it is vulnerable to adverse environmental factors. Among these adverse factors can be distinguished: difficult pregnancy and difficult childbirth, birth trauma of the child, long-term chronic illnesses, lack of competent stimulation of memory formation, exorbitant load on the child's nervous system associated with an excessive amount of information.

In addition, memory impairment in children can also be observed after suffering somatic diseases in the process of recovery.

In adults, this disorder can occur due to constant exposure to stress factors, the presence of various ailments nervous system(for example, encephalitis or Parkinson's disease), neurosis, drug addiction and alcohol abuse, mental illness,.

In addition, diseases of a somatic nature are also considered an equally important factor that strongly affects the ability to remember, in which there is damage to the vessels supplying the brain, which leads to pathologies of cerebral circulation. Such ailments include: hypertension, diabetes, vascular atherosclerosis, functional pathology thyroid gland.

Also, a violation of short-term memory can often be directly related to a deficiency or inability to assimilate certain vitamins.

Basically, if the natural aging process is not burdened by any concomitant ailments, then the decline in the functioning of the cognitive mental process occurs very slowly. At first, it becomes more difficult to remember events that happened a long time ago, gradually, as one ages, the individual cannot remember events that happened more recently.

Violation of memory and attention can also occur due to iodine deficiency in the body. When the thyroid gland is underactive, individuals develop excess weight, lethargy, depressive mood, irritability and muscle swelling. To avoid the problems described, you must constantly monitor your diet and eat as many iodine-rich foods as possible, such as seafood, hard cheese, nuts.

Not in all cases forgetfulness of individuals should be equated with memory dysfunction. Often the subject consciously seeks to forget difficult life moments, unpleasant, and often tragic events. In this case, forgetfulness plays the role of a defense mechanism. When an individual represses unpleasant facts from memory - this is called repression, when he is sure that traumatic events did not occur at all - this is called denial, displacement negative emotions on another object is called a substitution.

Symptoms of memory impairment

The mental function that ensures the fixation, preservation and reproduction (reproduction) of various impressions and events, the ability to accumulate data and use previously acquired experience, is called memory.

The phenomena of the cognitive mental process can equally be related to the emotional area and the sphere of cognition, the fixation of motor processes and mental experience. Accordingly, there are several types of memory.

Figurative is the ability to memorize a variety of images.
Motor determines the ability to memorize the sequence and configuration of movements. There is also memory for mental states, such as emotional or visceral sensations such as pain or discomfort.

Symbolic is specific to a person. With the help of this kind of cognitive mental process, subjects memorize words, thoughts and ideas (logical memorization).
Short-term consists in imprinting in memory a large amount of regularly received information on a short time, then such information is eliminated or deposited in the long-term storage slot. With the selective preservation for a long time of the most significant information for the individual, long-term memory is associated.

The amount of RAM consists of the current information at the moment. The ability to remember data as it really is, without creating logical connections, is called mechanical memory. This kind of cognitive mental process is not considered the foundation of intelligence. With the help of mechanical memory, mainly proper names and numbers are remembered.

Memorization occurs with the development of logical connections with associative memory. In the course of memorization, data are compared and summarized, analyzed and systematized.

In addition, involuntary memory and arbitrary memorization are distinguished. Involuntary memorization accompanies the activity of the individual and is not associated with the intention to fix something. Arbitrary cognitive mental process associated with a preliminary indication for memorization. This type the most productive and is the basis of training, but requires compliance special conditions(comprehension of the memorized material, maximum attention and concentration).

All disorders of the cognitive mental process can be divided into categories: temporary (lasting from two minutes to a couple of years), episodic, progressive and Korsakov's syndrome, which is a violation of short-term memory.

The following types of memory impairment can be distinguished: memory disorder, storage, forgetting and reproduction of various data and personal experience. There are qualitative disorders (paramnesia), manifested in erroneous memories, confusion of the past and present, real and imaginary, and quantitative disorders that reveal themselves in the weakening, loss or strengthening of the reflection of events in memory.

Quantitative memory defects are dysmnesia, it includes hypermnesia and hypomnesia, as well as amnesia.

Amnesia is the loss of various information and skills from the cognitive mental process for a certain time period.

Amnesia is characterized by spread over time intervals that differ in duration.

Gaps in memory are stable, stationary, along with this, in most cases, memories are partially or completely returned.

Amnesia can also be acquired and acquired specific knowledge and skills, such as the ability to drive a car.

Loss of memory for situations preceding the state of transformed consciousness, organic brain damage, hypoxia, the development of a psychotic syndrome acute course called retrograde amnesia.

Retrograde amnesia is manifested in the absence of a cognitive mental process for a period before the onset of pathology. So, for example, an individual with a skull injury can forget everything that happens to him for ten days before the injury occurred. Loss of memory for a period after the onset of the disease is called anterograde amnesia. The duration of these two types of amnesia can vary from a couple of hours to two to three months. There is also retroanterograde amnesia, covering a long stage of loss of the cognitive mental process, which includes the period of time before the acquisition of the disease and the period after.

Fixation amnesia is manifested by the inability of the subject to retain and consolidate incoming information. Everything that happens around such a patient is perceived by him adequately, but is not stored in memory and after a few minutes, often even seconds, such a patient completely forgets what is happening.

Fixation amnesia is the loss of the ability to remember as well as reproduce new information. The ability to remember current, recent situations is weakened or absent, while previously acquired knowledge is stored in the memory.

Problems of memory impairment in fixative amnesia are found in a violation of orientation in time, surrounding persons, environments and situations (amnestic disorientation).

Total amnesia is manifested by the loss of all information from the memory of the individual, including even data about himself. An individual with total amnesia does not know his own name, is unaware of his own age, place of residence, that is, he cannot remember anything from his own past life. Total amnesia most often occurs with a serious injury to the skull, less often it occurs with functional ailments (under obvious stressful circumstances).

Palimpsest is detected due to the state of alcoholic intoxication and is manifested by the loss of individual events from the cognitive mental process.

Hysterical amnesia is expressed in the failures of the cognitive mental process related to unpleasant, unfavorable facts and circumstances for the individual. Hysterical amnesia, as well as the protective mechanism of repression, is observed not only in sick people, but also in healthy individuals, who are characterized by an accentuation of the hysterical type.

Gaps in memory that are filled with a variety of data are called paramnesia. It is divided into: pseudo-reminiscences, confabulations, echomnesia and cryptomnesia.

Pseudo-reminiscences are the replacement of gaps in the cognitive mental process with data and real facts from the life of an individual, but significantly shifted in time. So, for example, a patient suffering from senile dementia and being in a medical institution for six months, who was an excellent teacher of mathematics before his illness, can assure everyone that two minutes ago he taught geometry classes in the 9th grade.

Confabulations are manifested by the replacement of memory gaps with fabrications of a fantastic nature, while the patient is one hundred percent sure of the reality of such fabrications. For example, an eighty-year-old patient suffering from cerebrosclerosis reports that Ivan the Terrible and Athanasius Vyazemsky interrogated him a moment ago. Any attempt to prove that the above famous people long dead, are futile.

The deception of memory, characterized by the perception of events occurring at a given time, as events that occurred earlier, is called echomnesia.

Ecmnesia is a deception of memory, which consists in living the distant past as the present. For example, older people begin to consider themselves young and prepare for a wedding.

Cryptomnesias are gaps filled with data, the source of which the sick individual forgets. He may not remember whether an event happened in reality or in a dream, he takes the thoughts read in books for his own. For example, often patients, quoting poems by famous poets, pass off as their own.

As a kind of cryptomnesia, one can consider an alienated memory, which consists in the patient's perception of the events of his life not as actually lived moments, but as seen in a movie or read in a book.

The aggravation of memory is called hypermnesia and it manifests itself in the form of an influx of a large number of memories, which are often characterized by the presence of sensory images and directly cover the event and its individual parts. They occur more often in the form of chaotic scenes, less often - connected by one complex plot direction.

Hypermnesia is often inherent in persons suffering from manic-depressive psychosis, schizophrenics, persons who are in the initial stage of alcohol intoxication or under the influence of marijuana.

Hypomnesia is a weakening of memory. Often, hypomnesia is expressed in the form of an uneven disturbance of various processes and, first of all, the preservation and reproduction of the information received. With hypomnesia, memory of current events is significantly worsened, which may be accompanied by progressive or fixative amnesia.

Memory impairment occurs in accordance with a certain sequence. Recent events are forgotten first, then earlier ones. The primary manifestation of hypomnesia is considered to be a violation of selective memories, that is, memories that are needed at this particular moment, later they can emerge. Basically, the listed types of disorders and manifestations are observed in patients suffering from brain pathologies, or in elderly people.

Treatment of memory impairment

Problems of this violation are easier to prevent than to treat. Therefore, many exercises have been developed that allow you to keep your own memory in good shape. Regular exercise helps to minimize the risk of disorders by preventing vascular diseases that provoke memory impairment.

In addition, training memory and mental abilities helps not only to save, but also to improve the cognitive mental process. According to many studies, there are far fewer patients with Alzheimer's disease among educated individuals than among uneducated individuals.

Also, the use of vitamins C and E, the consumption of foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids reduces the risk of Alzheimer's disease.

Diagnosis of memory disorders is based on two key principles:

- on the establishment of an ailment that caused a violation (includes the collection of anamnestic data, analysis of neurological status, computed tomography, ultrasound or angiographic examination of cerebral vessels, if necessary, blood sampling for thyroid-stimulating hormones;

- on determining the severity and nature of the pathology of memory function using neuropsychological testing.

Diagnosis of memory disorders is carried out using various psychological methods aimed at examining all types of memory. So, for example, in patients with hypomnesia, for the most part, short-term memory worsens. To study this type of memory, the patient is asked to repeat a certain sentence with a "line addition". The patient with hypomnesia is unable to repeat all spoken phrases.

In the first turn, the treatment of any violations of this disorder depends directly on the factors that provoked their development.

Drugs for memory impairment are prescribed only after a complete diagnostic examination and only by a specialist.

To correct a mild degree of dysfunction of this disorder, various physiotherapeutic methods are used, for example, electrophoresis with glutamic acid administered through the nose.

Psychological and pedagogical corrective influence is also successfully applied. The educator teaches patients to memorize information using other brain processes instead of the affected ones. So, for example, if the patient is not able to remember the name of objects spoken aloud, then he can be taught to remember by presenting a visual image of such an object.

Drugs for memory impairment are prescribed in accordance with the ailment that provoked the onset of a memory disorder. For example, if the violation is caused by overwork, then help medicines tonic action (Eleutherococcus extract). Often, with violations of memory functions, doctors prescribe the use of nootropic drugs (Lucetam, Nootropil).

electronic computing device for processing numbers;
a device for storing information of any kind;
multifunctional electronic device for working with information;
device for processing analog signals.
2. Computer performance (speed of operations) depends on:
monitor screen size
clock frequency of the processor;
supply voltage;
keystroke speed;
the amount of information being processed.
3. Processor clock speed is:
the number of binary operations performed by the processor per unit of time;
the number of cycles performed by the processor per unit of time;
the number of possible processor accesses to RAM per unit of time;
the speed of information exchange between the processor and the input / output device;
speed of information exchange between the processor and ROM.
4. The "mouse" manipulator is a device:
input of information;
modulation and demodulation;
reading information;
to connect the printer to a computer.
5. Read-only storage device is used for:
storing the user program during operation;
recordings of especially valuable application programs;
storage of constantly used programs;
storage of computer boot programs and testing of its nodes;
permanent storage of especially valuable documents.
6. For long-term storage of information is used:
RAM;
CPU;
magnetic disk;
drive.
7. Storing information on external media is different from storing information in RAM:
the fact that information can be stored on external media after the computer is turned off;
volume of information storage;
the possibility of protecting information;
ways to access stored information.
8. During the execution of the application program, the following is stored:
in video memory
in the processor
in RAM;
in ROM.
9. When the computer is turned off, the information is erased:
from RAM;
from ROM;
on a magnetic disk;
on CD.
10. A floppy drive is a device for:
processing commands of the executable program;
read/write data from external media;
storing commands of the executable program;
long-term storage of information.
11. To connect a computer to the telephone network, use:
modem;
plotter;
scanner;
a printer;
monitor.
12. Software control of computer operation involves:
the need to use operating system for synchronous operation of hardware;
execution by the computer of a series of commands without user intervention;
binary encoding of data in a computer;
the use of special formulas for the implementation of commands in the computer.
13. File is:
an elementary information unit containing a sequence of bytes and having a unique name;
an object characterized by a name, value and type;
set of indexed variables;
set of facts and rules.
14. The file extension, as a rule, characterizes:
file creation time;
file size;
the space occupied by the file on the disk;
the type of information contained in the file;
the location where the file was created.
15. Full path to the file: c:\books\raskaz.txt. What is the name of the file?
books\raskaz;.
raskaz.txt;
books\raskaz.txt;
txt.
16. The operating system is -
a set of basic computer devices;
programming system in a low-level language;
software environment that defines the user interface;
a set of programs used for operations with documents;
programs for the destruction of computer viruses.
17. Programs for pairing computer devices are called:
loaders;
drivers;
translators;
interpreters;
compilers.
18. System diskette is required for:
for emergency boot of the operating system;
file systematization;
storing important files;
computer virus treatment.
19. Which device has the highest information exchange rate:
CD-ROM drive;
HDD;
floppy disk drive;
RAM;
processor registers?

solve the crossword "storage" solve the crossword "storage of information".

1 information stored in external memory and marked with a name (4 LETTERS)
2 media in ancient rus(7 letters)
3 memory is a tool for... information (8 letters)
4 notebooks and other external storage of information can be called ... memory (14 letters)
5 information stored in this memory is reproduced quickly enough (11 letters)
6 any information about the world (10 letters)
7 storage medium that allows you to save people's faces, landscapes, etc. for posterity. (10 letters)
8 one of the most common carriers of information from ancient times to the present day (6 letters)
9 information carrier from reed stalks (7 letters)
11 ancient storage media made from animal skin (9 letters)
HELP PLEASE

6.) A file containing data (pictures, texts). (8 letters)
7.) the obligatory part of the software is ... the system. (12 letters)
8.) the smallest unit of information. (3 letters)
9.) information stored in long-term memory as a whole and indicated by a name. (4 letters)

Short-term and long-term memory are interconnected and work as a single system. One of the concepts describing their joint, interconnected activity was developed by American scientists R. Atkinson and R. Shifrin.

Short-term memory is characterized by its limited volume (average 7 ± 2). When a person's short-term memory is full, newly incoming information partially replaces the information stored there, and the latter disappears forever. Short-term memory acts as a mandatory intermediate storage and filter that processes the largest amount of information, immediately sifting out unnecessary and leaving potentially useful.

The memorization process can proceed more efficiently if you focus on the material being learned. It has been established that information is better absorbed, which is the object of attention and consciousness, acts as a goal. Thus, the volume of initial information is reduced, and work on its processing is facilitated.

Another mnemonic technique is memorization by repetition. This mechanism is based on the fact that the memorized material through conscious repetition is retained in short-term memory for a longer period than a few seconds; increases the chance of transferring information to long-term storage. Usually, without repetition, only what is in the sphere of attention turns out to be in long-term memory.

One of the possible mechanisms of short-term memorization is temporal coding, that is, the reflection of the memorized material in the form of certain, sequentially arranged signs in the human auditory and visual system. As a rule, information is recoded into an acoustic form, and then stored in long-term memory in a semantic form. It is the meaning of what is remembered that comes to mind first, we can ultimately remember what we want or, at least in the world, replace it with something that is close enough to it in meaning. On this, in particular, the process of recognizing what was once seen or heard is based.

A feature of long-term memory is that, according to R. Atkinson and R. Shifrin, it is practically unlimited in terms of the volume and duration of information storage in it.

The memory scheme according to R. Atkinson and R. Shifrin describes the work of short-term memory quite well, but does not take into account at all feedback long-term memory with short-term. The fact is that both types of memory work in conjunction and in parallel. There is a constant work in memory to refer to past experience, its addition new information, as well as correcting the acquired information. In other words, a person does not need to memorize what he already knows well. Associative memory is based on this.

Explaining to the developer that opening a form above the current page is generally better than moving to another page, since moving to another page is a split in time got the question about the basis of such judgments. I am happy to answer it.

Psychologists distinguish two models of memory - short-term, similar to RAM in a computer, and long-term, which looks like a hard drive.

Both types of memory have advantages and disadvantages.

It is easy to put something into short-term memory and fresh information is very clear there. However, short-term memory has a low capacity (see George A. Miller, The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information). Due to the low capacity, new data put into it can squeeze out old data. If a phone call interrupts a person during work, it is not easy to remember what was done before the call and return to work. Also, short-term memory fades. That is, over time, the information put into it becomes fuzzy and disappears. This time is units of seconds.

A few quotes from Jeff Raskin's The Human Interface about this phenomenon:

That we can only have one locus of attention may seem strange. Let's try to consider the reasons for this. Baars in his work (1988) eloquently answers this question, trying to find a biological explanation for the fact that we have evolved in such a limited way, and argues that

“consciousness and the mechanisms associated with it cast doubt on the functional explanations of the problem, since the possibilities of consciousness are paradoxically limited. Why can't we experience two different "things" at the same time? Why is short-term memory (STM) only able to hold half a dozen unrelated elements? How did such limited opportunities turn out to be acceptable? How wonderful it would be if we could read one book and write another, talk to a friend and still enjoy some delicious food, all at the same time. Certainly, the capacity of our nervous system seems to be sufficient to perform all these actions at the same time. The standard answer about some "physiological" limitations - that we only have two hands and one mouth - seems unconvincing, because it leads to another question that further complicates the problem: why did organisms endowed with the most advanced brain in the animal kingdom not develop hands and mouths to handle multiple processes in parallel? And also - why does our ability to process information in parallel increase with automatism and decrease as consciousness is involved in the process? (p. 348)"

It takes about 10 seconds for a person to switch from one context to another or mentally prepare for an upcoming task (Card, Moran and Newell, 1983, p. 390)...

Usually, after interrupting some work, you then return to it. If the break lasts only a few seconds—within the short-term memory decay period—no additional stimulus is needed to get you back to the current task. If the period is longer, then returning to the interrupted task must be triggered by something—for example, the sight of unfinished work in front of you. Such cues are as common in real life as they are in computer work: a banana peel left by your 4-year-old on the kitchen table becomes a clue that the peel needs to be thrown away.

Long-term memory is the opposite: it can be considered infinite in volume and allows you to store information forever. But, unfortunately, it’s not easy to put something there (that’s why people invented books, schools, universities, etc.), and it’s hard to find something old (that’s why we have cameras and video cameras).

In the discussed example, it was about how to provide the user with the opportunity to copy the code to confirm the registration of the site (such a code must be copied in Yandex.Metrica). If the copying of the code was done on a page separate from the list of sites, then the information would inevitably be divided in time. Because of this, the user would have to remember for a long time what he did on the first screen and in what state he (the screen was), switch to the second, perform the necessary actions to copy and paste the code on the site, and then go back and remember everything.

Knowing about the properties of short-term memory, we can confidently say that while working with the code, information about the state of the list of sites would probably be erased. There is no need to talk about the use of long-term memory in this case either, it is not possible to put something there so quickly.

It follows from this that it is better to copy the code not on a separate page, but in a window, so that when returning to the list of sites, the user can remember that he stopped at copying the code for site N.

Edward Tufte also explains about the separation in time and space:

Envisioning Information "Narratives of Space and Time", p. 97.
Beautiful Evidence "Words, Numbers, Images - Together", c. 85.

See also Donald Norman's The Design of Everyday things. About short-term memory - p. 126, 127, 191, about long-term - 67, 189.

Some information about partitioning and memory arrangement is in my notes and lectures:

It is worth paying attention to the posts.