Zhirinovsky Vladimir Volfovich- Chairman of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (Liberal Democratic Party of Russia), member of the State Council, deputy of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly Russian Federation 7th convocation, head of the Supreme Council of the Liberal Democratic Party.
Family and relatives of Vladimir Zhirinovsky
Vladimir Zhirinovsky's father is Wolf Isaakovich Eidelstein (1907-1983). The mother of Vladimir Zhirinovsky is Alexandra Pavlovna Makarova. In his biography, Vladimir Volfovich said that he always felt like a Russian, since even according to Israeli laws, the son of a Russian mother is not considered a Jew.
In the book of the writer Alexander Namozov "Vladimir Zhirinovsky, Return to the Origins" it is reported that Wolf Eidelstein owned the land and grew hops, and also supervised the work of three workshops that carried out the primary processing of wood for the plywood factory of his father, Isaac Eidelstein. Vladimir Zhirinovsky's grandfather was an industrialist in the Kostopol region (then a Polish city, now part of the Rivne region of Ukraine).
Vladimir Zhirinovsky as a child (Photo: uznayvse.ru)
After the annexation of Western Ukraine to the USSR, Wolf and his brother Aaron were deported to Kazakhstan. Zhirinovsky's parents met during the war in Alma-Ata. Wolf Eidelstein knew the first husband of Alexandra Pavlovna, an officer of the NKVD, Andrei Zhirinovsky. They were friends. Andrei Zhirinovsky died in 1944 of tuberculosis, and in 1945 Alexandra Pavlovna married Eidelstein, who was not afraid to take a woman with five children (Vladimir Zhirinovsky has two brothers - Andrei and Yuri, and three sisters - Vera, Nadezhda and Lyubov) ... However, a few months later, Zhirinovsky's father had to leave for Warsaw, so that Vladimir Volfovich himself did not know his biological father.
From Poland, Wolf Eidelstein emigrated to Israel, where he lived until the end of his days (in 1983 he was hit by a bus).
Vladimir Zhirinovsky as a child
Childhood and education of Vladimir Zhirinovsky
Vladimir Zhirinovsky graduated from secondary school number 25 in Alma-Ata. After school in 1964, Vladimir Volfovich entered the Institute of Oriental Languages at Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov. In 1970 Vladimir received a degree in Turkish Language and Literature. In parallel, from 1965 to 1967, Zhirinovsky studied at the University of Marxism-Leninism at the Faculty of International Relations. Also, as stated in the biography on the LDPR website, Vladimir Volfovich graduated with honors from the law faculty (evening department) of Moscow State University (1972-1977).
In 1998 Zhirinovsky Vladimir Volfovich at Moscow State University defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic "The past, present and future of the Russian nation: Russian question: socio-philosophical analysis."
Zhirinovsky Vladimir Volfovich speaks English, French, German and Turkish languages... According to his official biography, Zhirinovsky has published over 500 books, including 100 volumes of his works entitled Political Classics.
Vladimir Zhirinovsky with his mother Alexandra Pavlovna (Photo: ok.ru)
Work and career of Vladimir Zhirinovsky
Vladimir Zhirinovsky began his career in 1969-1970 with an internship at the State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company and the State Committee for Foreign Economic Relations of the USSR. Then, after graduating from university, he served in the Armed Forces in the troops of the Transcaucasian Military District.
After serving in the army, Zhirinovsky's track record was work in the Western Europe sector of the international department of the Soviet Peace Committee (1972-1975), then he worked in the dean's office for working with foreign students High school trade union movement (1975-1977). Then Vladimir Volfovich worked at the Inyurcollegium of the USSR Ministry of Justice (1977-1983). During the years of perestroika, Zhirinovsky headed the legal department of the Mir publishing house (from 1983 to 1990).
In 1990 Zhirinovsky Vladimir Volfovich headed the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia.
Vladimir Volfovich has repeatedly been nominated as a candidate for the post of President of Russia. Vladimir Zhirinovsky was a deputy of the State Duma of the I, II, III, IV, V and VI convocations. Three times (I, II and VI convocations) Zhirinovsky led the LDPR faction, in three other convocations Vladimir Volfovich was Deputy Chairman of the State Duma.
Candidate for President of Russia V.V. Zhirinovsky during a debate on Central Television, 1991 (left photo); Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR. Chairman of the Liberal Democratic Party Soviet Union V.V. Zhirinovsky (right) during a conversation with reporters, 1990 (Photo: TASS)
Six times Vladimir Zhirinovsky participated in the presidential elections in Russia, gaining, respectively, in 1991, 7.81% of the vote, in 1996 - 5.78%, in 2000 (2.7%), in 2008 (9.35%) and in 2012 (6.22%). In 2018, Zhirinovsky came to the finish line of the campaign third with 5.65% of the vote, so 4,154,985 people voted for him.
Zhirinovsky Vladimir Volfovich has been heading the LDPR for many years. When asked whether Vladimir Volfovich is preparing a successor for himself, the party leader replies: “There will definitely be a successor. Let it be. We will have re-elections at the congress. 5-6 candidates. And mine too. If there is a desire to elect a new leader, let them elect. But it is very difficult to lead an opposition political party. In the future, of course, new leader will appear. This is a very serious and hard work. Here you need to have a huge intellect, courage, strength, courage. "
Vladimir Zhirinovsky (center) on Red Square during a rally on the day of the 74th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution, 1991 (Photo: Igor Zotin / TASS)
Scandals and statements by Vladimir Zhirinovsky
Vladimir Volfovich always very sharply defends his political views, not paying attention to where he is. And in front of television cameras, and in a personal conversation, Zhirinovsky behaves the same way. His scandalous statements are known. The media have repeatedly circulated a photo in which Zhirinovsky pours orange juice on Boris Nemtsov (then the governor of the Nizhny Novgorod region) (June 18, 1995).
Zhirinovsky pours orange juice on the governor of the Nizhny Novgorod region Boris Nemtsov, June 18, 1995 (Photo: wikipedia.org)
Vladimir Volfovich does not always hold back even now, so during the debates on the NTVshniki program, one of the presenters accused Zhirinovsky that he allegedly traded places in the State Duma. This infuriated the leader of the Liberal Democratic Party, Vladimir Volfovich broke the microphone, and called the presenter a scoundrel.
Vladimir Zhirinovsky in 2003-2006 (Photo: TASS)
The statements of Vladimir Zhirinovsky, as a rule, are categorical, and sometimes provocative, but bright and therefore always get into the news of most publications. At one time, the politician's video address to US President George W. Bush in 2003 was very popular, in which Vladimir Volfovich proposed to (hit) Tbilisi together.
Zhirinovsky is no less shocking in 2017. There was a lot of excitement in the news after Zhirinovsky's promise in case of victory in the elections "to declare a general amnesty: political, economic, criminal, financial."
In March 2017, Zhirinovsky, speaking from the rostrum of the Duma, addressing the parliamentary majority, promised that he would shoot his opponents if he won the presidential elections in 2018. Deputy Speaker of the State Duma Sergei Neverov called on the Ethics Commission to pay attention to these statements addressed to his party colleagues. After that, Zhirinovsky threatened the United Russia deputies, accusing them that many of them are not rightfully in parliament, and in protest withdrew the entire LDPR faction from the conference room.
Later, the leader of the LDPR faction, Vladimir Zhirinovsky, said that his words about "shooting" and "hanging" referred to representatives of criminal communities, and not to the deputies of United Russia.
Also in 2017, Vladimir Zhirinovsky said that it is better for Russians not to know how much ministers, deputies and governors earn. According to him, the information in the promulgated declarations only irritates the people, and gives the press a reason to publish "hot news".
Vladimir Zhirinovsky proposed a radical solution to the Ukrainian issue, advocated the entry of Ukraine and Belarus into the Russian Federation on the basis of the rights of new federal districts. “Now, if I were in the Kremlin ... Ukraine would not exist. The Russian army would stand on the border where it was in the First world war... You are still glad that Putin is in the Kremlin. After him, another will come and negotiations will not be needed - no negotiations. Everything will be done at night. As you are with Yanukovych, so are we with your entire team. And in 72 hours Russian tanks will be stationed near Brussels, ”Zhirinovsky said in 2016.
Chairman of the State Duma of the Russian Federation Sergei Naryshkin, President of Russia Vladimir Putin, head of the Just Russia faction Sergei Mironov, leader of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia Vladimir Zhirinovsky and leader of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation Gennady Zyuganov (from right to left) after the signing ceremony of the Federal Constitutional Law "On the Admission of the Republic of Crimea to the Russian Federation and Education as part of the Russian Federation of new subjects - the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol "in the Catherine Hall of the Kremlin, 2014 (Photo: Mikhail Klimentyev / TASS)
Vladimir Zhirinovsky spoke out against the monarchical government in Russia. On another occasion, Vladimir Volfovich argued that Russia needs an "elective monarchy" and also insisted on the need to ban all parties existing in the Russian Federation.
“The post of president can be renamed into a supreme ruler with a term of office for 6-7 years, and his elections should not be nationwide, they must be carried out by specialists - a Russian council of the country's best people, selected according to a certain quota. And already he, the supreme ruler, will appoint governors, ”summed up Zhirinovsky.
Also in 2017, the leader of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia Vladimir Zhirinovsky promised, in the event of his victory in the presidential elections in Russia in 2018, to return a number of cities to their former names, in particular, to rename Volgograd to Stalingrad. Zhirinovsky regularly condemns in his statements “the crimes of totalitarian communist regimes”.
LDPR leader Vladimir Zhirinovsky (right) speaking at a plenary meeting of the State Duma of the Russian Federation, 2017 (Photo: Anton Novoderezhkin / TASS)
Zhirinovsky demanded retaliatory sanctions against the United States. “We can also refuse to issue visas, break off relations, ban flights over Russia to Afghanistan, not supply uranium,” the LDRP leader noted. Vladimir Volfovich suggested that Moscow needs to pursue a tougher line and, possibly, replace the Russian Foreign Minister.
But he enthusiastically accepted the victory of Donald Trump in the elections, the news published pictures in which Zhirinovsky drank champagne for Trump's victory. But already in April 2017, Vladimir Volfovich was ready to raise a glass to Trump's impeachment.
Personal life of Vladimir Zhirinovsky
Zhirinovsky Vladimir Volfovich is married, has two sons and a daughter. Daughter Anastasia Petrova and son Oleg Gazdarov are illegitimate.
Zhirinovsky's wife - Galina Lebedeva - virologist, candidate biological sciences... Photos of Zhirinovsky with his wife can often be seen in the news.
Zhirinovsky's eldest son, Igor Lebedev, was born in 1972. Lawyer by profession. In January 2000, he was elected chairman of the LDPR faction in the State Duma of the third convocation. Prior to his election to the Duma, he worked in the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Russian Federation as an advisor to the minister (Sergei Kalashnikov, a former member of the LDPR faction in the State Duma of the second convocation). Igor Lebedev has two twin sons, the grandchildren of Vladimir Volfovich are Alexander and Sergey.
LDPR leader Vladimir Zhirinovsky and Deputy Speaker of the State Duma Igor Lebedev (left to right in the foreground) at a plenary session of the State Duma of the Russian Federation; LDPR leader Vladimir Zhirinovsky with his wife Galina and grandchildren, 2014 (Photo: TASS)
The son of Vladimir Zhirinovsky, Oleg Gazdarov, graduated from Moscow State University. In 2011, he got married, many media wrote about his wedding in North Ossetia, photos from the celebration were published. According to Life News, Zhirinovsky himself paid for his son's wedding, but Vladimir Volfovich could not personally come. Zhirinovsky met Oleg's mother Zhanna Gazdarova in Cuba.
There is almost no information on the Internet about Zhirinovsky's illegitimate daughter Anastasia Petrova, as well as her photo.
Base
The party was formed at the end of 1989, established on March 31, 1990 as the Liberal Democratic Party of the Soviet Union (LDPSS). On April 12, 1991, the charter of the LDPSS was registered by the USSR Ministry of Justice. The LDPSS became the first officially registered party in the USSR after the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Renamed LDPR in April 1992. On December 14, 1992, the party was re-registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation under its modern name (registration No. 1332).
Key persons
The supreme governing body of the Liberal Democratic Party is the Supreme Council. Head of the Supreme Council -. The composition of the Supreme Council:
Vladimir Volfovich Zhirinovsky Igor Vladimirovich Lebedev Elena Vladimirovna Afanasyeva Alexey Nikolaevich Didenko Vadim Evgenievich Dengin Yaroslav Evgenievich Nilov Alexey Vladimirovich Ostrovsky Vladimir Anatolyevich Ovsyannikov Alexander Borisovich Kurdyumov Mikhail Vladimirovich Degtyarev Ivan Evgenievich Petrov **
Central Control and Auditing Commission (chaired by Sergey Sirotkin) Members of the Central Control Commission:
Maxim Stanislavovich Rokhmistrov Sergey Nikanorovich Sirotkin Alexander Alexandrovich Balberov Ilya Yurievich Drozdov Andrey Nikolaevich Svintsov Konstantin Sergeevich Subbotin
The Liberal Democratic Party has 83 regional branches, 2387 local and 945 public receptions.
Party biography
The original initiative group called "Liberal Democratic Party" was created in May-June 1989 Vladimir Bogachev who left the Democratic Party Lev Ubozhko... Soon Bogachev was joined by Vladimir Zhirinovsky, the author of the draft "Program of the Social Democratic Party of Russia" dating back to May 1988.
The program was renamed and became the "Draft Program of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia" in December 1989, after an organizational meeting at Bogachev's apartment.
On December 13, 1989, the first meeting of the initiative group for the creation of the Liberal Democratic Party of the Soviet Union (LDPSS) was held in Moscow. The meeting was attended by: V. Bogachev, L. Bogacheva, M. Dunets, S. Zhebrovsky, V. Zhirinovsky, A. Kovalev, V. Prozorov, L. Ubozhko, A. Khalitov.
As a result of the meeting, it was decided to prepare and convene a constituent congress of the LDPSS.
Despite its small size, the party received extensive advertising in the Soviet and party press. The creation of the party was announced on Soviet radio in early March 1990, immediately after the announcement of the election of Mikhail Gorbachev to the post of President of the USSR. Zhirinovsky gave interviews to a number of party publications, held several press conferences at the press center of the CPSU Central Committee together with another figure of the legal opposition, the head of the so-called Sakharov Union of Democratic Forces, Vladimir Voronin.
On March 31, 1990, the Founding Congress of the LDPSS took place in Moscow. The congress was attended by 215 delegates from 41 regions of 8 Union republics. The certificates of the delegates of the congress, together with the membership cards of the LDPSS, were handed out at the congress to all comers. The Party Program and Charter were approved. Vladimir Zhirinovsky was elected chairman of the LDPSS and a member of the Central Committee, Bogachev became the main coordinator. The Central Committee of the party was elected, which included 13 people.
June 8, 1990 Zhirinovsky together with Vladimir Voronin founded the Center Bloc of Political Parties and Movements (TsBPPiD), which included several minor parties.
On October 6, 1990, during the visit of the party chairman to the Congress of the Liberal International in Helsinki, where he was invited as an observer, a group of Central Committee members led by Bogachev, K. Krivonosov, E. Smirnov and V. Tikhomirov convened an extraordinary congress, expelled Zhirinovsky "for pro-communist activities" and renamed the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP).
On October 20, 1990, Zhirinovsky and his supporters, in turn, convened an "All-Union Conference with the Rights of the Congress" and expelled the opposition from the party, amended the Charter, expanded the Central Committee to 26 people and formed a new governing body - the Supreme Council of the party of 5 people : party chairman Zhirinovsky, deputy chairman Leonid Alimov(left the party in 1991), Stanislav Zhebrovsky, Victor Rich, Akhmet Khalitov(left the party in 1995).
In 1989-1990, the party acted under democratic slogans.
In 1991, she changed her ideology to national-patriotic and anti-Western.
In December 1990 - January 1991, Zhirinovsky repeatedly spoke out in favor of the introduction of a state of emergency and the temporary dissolution of all political parties.
On February 16, 1991, Zhirinovsky, together with Voronin, organized a conference of the Central House of Tourists at the Central House of Tourists, at which he advocated the introduction of direct presidential rule in the USSR, the dissolution of the Congress of People's Deputies of Russia and the parliaments of the Baltic republics, as well as a temporary ban on all political parties.
On February 27, 1991, the LDPSS took part in the conference "For a Great, United Russia!" Organized by the RSFSR Communist Party.
On April 13-14, 1991, the II Congress of the LDPSS took place in Moscow. The "Russian link" of the LDPSS was formed. At the LDPSS conference on May 10, 1991, Zhirinovsky was nominated as a candidate for President of Russia. Further, his candidacy collected the required number of votes at the IV Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR and was included in the list of official contenders for the post of President of the RSFSR. Zhirinovsky took a businessman, a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union as a candidate for vice-president Andrey Zavidiy.
Zhirinovsky ran for president of the Russian Federation under the slogan "I will raise Russia from its knees." In the presidential elections of the RSFSR, Zhirinovsky's candidacy received 7.81% of the votes (more than 6 million 211 thousand people), taking third place after Boris Yeltsin and, which became a political sensation: the bright unusual image of the party leader aroused irony among many, but at the same time undoubted interest. On the eve of the elections, the party consisted of less than 200 people. After the elections, LDPSS organizations emerged in many cities of the country.
During the attempted coup d'etat in August 1991, Zhirinovsky made a statement about "supporting the transfer of all power in the USSR to the State Emergency Committee of the USSR, the restoration of the USSR Constitution throughout the country."
August 22, 1991 Mayor of Moscow Gavriil Popov suspended the activities of the LDPSS in Moscow. After the coup failed, the party received a warning from the Ministry of Justice, after which the members of the LDPSS Supreme Council reprimanded themselves for supporting the Emergency Committee.
In December 1991, the LDPSS condemned the Belovezhskaya agreements and held rallies against the collapse of the USSR.
On April 18-19, 1992, the III Congress of the LDP was held in Moscow, which was attended, according to official data, by 627 delegates from 43 regions. The party was renamed the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR). Zhirinovsky was again elected chairman of the party, and Khalitov was his deputy.
On August 10, 1992, the Ministry of Justice of Russia canceled the registration of the LDPSS, since it was made "with gross violations of the law, according to falsified documents."
However, in December 1992 the party was registered again (now as Russian).
In a referendum on April 25, 1993, the Liberal Democratic Party called for voting against confidence in the president, against government reforms, for early elections for both parliament and the president.
On April 24-25, 1993, the IV Congress of the Liberal Democratic Party was held in Moscow, at which Zhirinovsky was re-elected as the party's chairman. The new Supreme Council included S. Abeltsev, A. Vengerovsky, S. Zhebrovsky, V. Kobelev (later he was co-opted into the Supreme Council Vladimir Gvozdarev, also appointed deputy chairman of the party for economic affairs). During the IV Congress of the LDPSS, Defense Minister P. Grachev congratulated Zhirinovsky on his 47th birthday in writing.
In the summer of 1993, the party took part in the Constitutional Conference convened by President Boris Yeltsin and supported the "presidential" draft of the new Constitution of Russia.
In September 1993, Zhirinovsky approved a decree by President Yeltsin to dissolve the Supreme Soviet, and then condemned the violent actions of both sides, and he accused President Yeltsin of both violating the Constitution and "unprofessionalism" in carrying out the coup.
On November 3, 1993, the Supreme Council of the LDPR put forward a federal list of candidates from the LDPR to the State Duma.
During the election campaign of 1993 and until the spring of 1994, V. Kobelev played a particularly prominent role in Zhirinovsky's entourage and in directing the practical activities of the Liberal Democratic Party.
On the eve of the elections and referendum on December 12, 1993, Zhirinovsky supported the expansion of the president's powers in the draft Constitution and urged his supporters to vote for the new Constitution. The campaign of 1993 by the Liberal Democratic Party and Zhirinovsky was carried out in an active offensive manner, a special role was played by a series of pre-election speeches by Zhirinovsky on central television channels. During the 1993 election campaign, the Liberal Democratic Party bought 149 minutes on television and was thus the third in terms of airtime (Russia's Choice - 224, the Party of Russian Unity and Accord - 154). Another noisy public action of Zhirinovsky was regular rallies near the Sokolniki metro station in Moscow.
The LDPR list received 22.92% of the vote (12 million 318 thousand 562 votes) in the elections, taking first place. The Liberal Democratic Party received 59 mandates under the proportional system, 5 candidates from the Liberal Democratic Party were also elected as deputies in single-mandate constituencies. The success of the Liberal Democratic Party caused a shock reaction from the so-called "democratic public" and the mainstream media (it was a clear surprise for the authorities), and was regarded by many as a sign of the threat of fascism.
According to the party list of the LDPR, a psychotherapist was elected by the deputies of the State Duma of the first convocation A.Kashpirovsky, ecologist M. Lemeshev, O. Finko(editor-in-chief of "Yuridicheskaya Gazeta"), E. Zhuk(deputy manager of "Aura-bank"), A. Zuev(GMM campaign advisor), V. Zhuravlev(editor of the newspaper "Opposition" and the leader of the insignificant Party of Social Justice).
On January 13, 1994, a parliamentary faction of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia was registered, consisting of 63 deputies, Zhirinovsky became the chairman of the faction, A. Vengerovsky and S. Abeltsev, secretary - S. Churkin.
On January 13, 1994, the faction nominated Zhirinovsky for the post of Chairman of the State Duma, but he withdrew his candidacy. Subsequently, Zhirinovsky ran several times for the post of deputy chairman of the State Duma, but unsuccessfully.
From 1994 to 2011, the Liberal Democratic Party submitted 1,095 bills to the State Duma for consideration, 18% of all submitted to the State Duma. 961 bills from the LDPR party were considered.
In the coalition list approved on January 17, 1994, the LDPR faction received the post of Deputy Chairman of the State Duma (this post was A. Vengerovsky), chairmen of committees for labor and social support (), for ecology (M. Lemeshev), for industry, construction, transport and energy ( V. Gusev), on natural resources and nature management ( N. Astafiev) and on geopolitical issues ( V. Ustinov).
In the spring of 1994, 5 deputies from the Liberal Democratic Party headed by V.Kobelev left the LDPR faction and in June 1994 formed an unregistered group "Derzhava". LDPR also left the chairman of the committee on geopolitics V. Ustinov.
On April 2, 1994, at the LDPR congress, a new party charter was approved, Zhirinovsky was elected chairman of the party for a term of 10 years. He was given the right to single-handedly form the composition of the Supreme Council and other governing bodies of the Liberal Democratic Party.
On April 8, 1994, Zhirinovsky appointed S. Abeltsev, A. Vengerovsky and S. Zhebrovsky as members of the Supreme Council and deputy chairmen of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia.
In 1993-1994, the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia created a dense network of regional and local organizations throughout the territory of the Russian Federation. significant regions RF party offices have opened even in regional centers. However, due to the factually declarative nature of party membership, it was difficult to establish the exact number of LDPR members.
In May 1994, Zhirinovsky signed the Agreement on Public Accord, although the day before he put forward various preconditions for this (which were ignored by the government).
On October 6, 1994, Zhirinovsky announced the LDPR's withdrawal from the Agreement on Public Accord in protest against the actions of the head of the Kemerovo region administration, Mikhail Kislyuk, who, according to Zhirinovsky, illegally closed the airport in Kemerovo in order to prevent the plane with the LDPR delegation from landing.
In December 1994, the Liberal Democratic Party supported the government's attempt to restore control of the federal authorities over Chechnya by armed means, and in July 1995, it condemned the peace negotiations with the Chechen leadership and called for the resumption of full-scale hostilities. In general, by the end of the first convocation of the State Duma, the positions of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, while maintaining the previous opposition rhetoric, became more and more pro-government.
On September 2, 1995, in Moscow, in the premises of the Parliamentary Center, the 6th LDPR congress was held, at which candidates for deputies in single-mandate constituencies were nominated and the federal list of candidates from the LDPR was approved (the first three on the list: Zhirinovsky, Abeltsev, Vengerovsky).
In the elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation on December 17, 1995, the LDPR won 11.8% of the votes (7 million 737 thousand 431 votes), taking second place in the proportional system and receiving 51 mandates in the new composition of the State Duma (50 in the federal district and 1 - in the majority district in Novosibirsk - E. Loginov). The LDPR faction includes all 51 deputies elected from the LDPR.
On January 18, 1995, a prominent businessman, a member of the Liberal Democratic Party, was elected Deputy Chairman of the State Duma. In accordance with the package agreement, the LDPR received in the State Duma of the second convocation the posts of chairmen of the committees on labor and social policy (Kalashnikov) for industry, construction, transport and energy (Gusev, former deputy chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers under Ryzhkov), for information policy and communications (O Finko), on geopolitics ().
In the elections for the chairman of the State Duma in January 1996, Zhirinovsky was again nominated, but he withdrew it before the start of voting, in fact, the LDPR supported the loyal presidential administration of the Russian Federation in the election of the speaker. I. Rybkina.
In February 1996, former Deputy Chairman of the State Duma of the Russian Federation Vengerovsky resigned from all posts in the party, shortly after that he was expelled from the Liberal Democratic Party and submitted an application to withdraw from the Duma faction of the Liberal Democratic Party.
On January 11, 1996, the 7th LDPR congress was held, at which Zhirinovsky was nominated as a presidential candidate.
In the first round presidential elections June 16, 1996 Zhirinovsky received 5.7% (4 million 311 thousand 479 votes) and took fifth place after Yeltsin, Swan and. On the eve of the second round, Zhirinovsky urged his supporters not to vote for Zyuganov and not to vote "against everyone" - that is, in fact, to vote for Yeltsin, or not to come to the polls.
In the summer of 1996, Zhirinovsky made "planned reshuffles" in the party leadership. In the Central Office, 6 Directorates were created, each of which was headed by one of the deputy chairmen of the party: the Security Directorate - S. Abeltsev, the Directorate for Ideological Work - S. Zhebrovsky, the Central Control Commission - Alexander Zhirinovsky(uncle of Vladimir Zhirinovsky), Information and Economic Department - A. Zhukovsky, Office of Affairs - A. Orlov, Management of organizational and party work - V. Shved. Head of the press service of the LDPR faction in The State Duma V. Filatov was appointed to replace A. Zhirinovsky as the head of the faction's apparatus.
November 3, 1996 member of the LDPR faction in the State Duma of the Russian Federation Evgeny Mikhailov was elected head of the Pskov region administration, receiving 56.5% of the vote in the second round (22.2% in the first round on October 20). In the election campaign, Mikhailov received Active participation personally Zhirinovsky.
In the spring of 1998, the Liberal Democratic Party has repeatedly changed its position on the approval of the new Prime Minister Sergei Kirienko(instead of offset Viktor Chernomyrdin), but ultimately voted for Kiriyenko to "preserve" the State Duma.
On April 25-26, 1998, the VIII Congress of the Liberal Democratic Party was held in the Column Hall of the House of Unions, which was timed to coincide with Zhirinovsky's birthday. The second day of the congress was held behind closed doors. A new version of the party's charter was adopted, Zhirinovsky was unanimously re-elected chairman of the Liberal Democratic Party for another six years.
In August 1998, the faction first twice supported Chernomyrdin's candidacy for the post of prime minister and on September 11, 1998 voted against the approval of the new prime minister. Evgenia Primakova(it was obvious that Primakov would be approved even without the votes of the LDPR members). However, this did not prevent the representative of the Liberal Democratic Party, Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Labor and Social Policy S. Kalashnikov from entering the Primakov government, having received the post of Minister of Labor (he retained this post in the government Sergey Stepashin, formed in May 1999, and then in the government Vladimir Putin formed in August 1999).
On April 25, 1998, the IX Congress of the Liberal Democratic Party took place, which, as in 1997, was timed to coincide with Zhirinovsky's birthday.
In the spring of 1999, the Liberal Democratic Party actively opposed the impeachment of President Yeltsin, during the vote on the charges against the President on May 12, 1999, members of the faction did not take ballots.
After Stepashin's resignation in August 1999, 47 Duma deputies from the LDPR faction voted to approve the new prime minister, Putin.
At the X Congress of the Liberal Democratic Party on September 11, 1999, a list of candidates for the State Duma was approved, the second place in which was won by a Krasnoyarsk businessman who is on the wanted list Anatoly Bykov... The first three of the list were made by: Zhirinovsky, Bykov and the deputy of the faction M. Musatov.
On October 11, 1999, the Central Election Commission refused to register the federal list of the Liberal Democratic Party, since the information on property and income provided by 82 candidates, including members of the top three, turned out to be unreliable. As a result, the Central Election Commission refused to register the candidacies of Bykov and Zhirinovsky himself, since according to the 1999 election law, the exclusion of one of the members of the top three on the list meant the deregistration of the entire list. Zhirinovsky said that he considers the CEC decision illegal and intends to challenge it in the Supreme Court.
To take part in the elections, on October 13, 1999, the founding congress of the "Zhirinovsky Bloc" (aka the Extraordinary Congress of the Liberal Democratic Party), created by the decision of two public organizations closely related to the Liberal Democratic Party - the Party of Spiritual Revival of Russia (PDVR, headed by Lyubov Zhirinovskaya - daughter Zhirinovsky's stepfather) and the Russian Union of Free Youth (RSSM, in fact a youth organization under the Liberal Democratic Party).
On October 18, 1999, the CEC registered the "Zhirinovsky Bloc" and certified the federal list and the list of candidates for the bloc in single-mandate constituencies (an electoral deposit was made to register the list). Unlike the list of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, there was no Bykov's candidacy on the list of the Zhirinovsky Bloc, but a number of figures associated with Bykov remained. The first three in the federal list were made by Zhirinovsky, Finko and Solomatin.
On December 2, 1999, the CEC canceled its decision to refuse to register the federal list of the Liberal Democratic Party, however, Zhirinovsky himself was excluded from the list.
The incident that arose, when both the LDPR list and the Zhirinovsky Bloc were registered at the same time, was resolved on December 8, 1999 by the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, which recognized the refusal to register as legitimate, and on December 9, the LDPR list was finally deregistered.
On December 19, 1999, in the elections, the list of the Zhirinovsky Bloc received 5.98% of the votes (3,989,932 votes from voters who took part in the elections) and 17 mandates on the party list, in single-mandate constituencies there were several candidates closely related to Liberal Democratic Party ( A. Klyukin in Krasnoyarsk, former members of the LDPR faction M. Kuznetsov in Pskov, E. Ishchenko in Volgograd, M. Gutseriev in Ingushetia). The well-known banker A. Yeghiazaryan and brother of M. Gutseriev, in particular, became deputies on the bloc's list. Sait Gutseriev... The passage of the "Zhirinovsky Bloc" to the State Duma of the third convocation took place, despite the disappointing forecasts of the party by sociologists, who predicted its defeat. After the elections, by a special decision of the Duma, deputies from the "Zhirinovsky Bloc" were allowed to call their faction the Liberal Democratic Party.
In January-February 2000, during the election of the leadership of the State Duma of the Russian Federation, the LDPR actually supported the agreement of the Communist Party and Unity factions on the distribution of posts. As a result of this agreement, Zhirinovsky was elected deputy chairman of the State Duma of the Russian Federation, in addition, the faction received the post of one chairman of the committee on information policy (headed by Konstantin Vetrov). Instead of Zhirinovsky, his son, Igor Lebedev, was elected chairman of the LDPR faction in the State Duma.
On March 26, 2000, Zhirinovsky ran in the presidential elections in the Russian Federation, showing the worst result for himself in all his election campaigns (including LDPR companies) - 2.7% of the vote, while during the campaign he actually supported Vladimir Putin.
In general, in the State Duma of the third convocation, the LDPR faction almost completely supported the activities of the government.
August 2003 - LDPR chairman Zhirinovsky, with the deputies and party activists, made a grandiose train ride lasting 24 days on the route Moscow - Vladivostok - Moscow, visiting 168 settlements in 29 regions and regions of the country.
On September 8, 2003, in the Column Hall of the House of Unions, the XIV Congress of the LDPR took place, at which Zhirinovsky announced that the LDPR was ready to rule Russia, since it was able to give a correct analysis of history, give a correct assessment, make a diagnosis and give a correct forecast for the future. The congress approved the federal list of candidates from the Liberal Democratic Party and the list of candidates for deputies of the State Duma of the fourth convocation in single-mandate constituencies in the upcoming Duma elections. The Liberal Democratic Party went to the elections with the slogan: "The Liberal Democratic Party is for the poor! The Liberal Democratic Party is for the Russians!"
On December 7, 2003, elections of deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the fourth convocation took place. About seven million voters, or 11.45%, voted for the Liberal Democratic Party. 36 deputies of the LDPR faction were elected.
December 26, 2003 XV Congress, the main slogan of the Congress and the election campaign at the presidential elections in the Russian Federation: "The Russians are tired of waiting!"
On December 13, 2005, the XVII Congress of the LDPR approved the LDPR Program, amended the LDPR Charter, and held elections for the LDPR Chairman and the LDPR Supreme Council.
On April 20, 2006, in the Kremlin, President Putin presented Deputy Chairman of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, Chairman of the Liberal Democratic Party Zhirinovsky with the Order of Merit to the Fatherland, IV degree.
April 25, 2006 XVIII Congress of the Liberal Democratic Party in the State Kremlin Palace. 60th anniversary of the Chairman of the party Zhirinovsky.
September 17, 2007 XIX Congress of the Liberal Democratic Party, which approved the federal list of candidates for deputies of the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the fifth convocation.
On December 2, 2007, elections to the fifth State Duma of the Russian Federation took place. The Liberal Democratic Party held 40 deputies to the fifth State Duma. Zhirinovsky again became Deputy Chairman of the Duma, and his son Igor Lebedeva at a meeting of the LDPR faction was elected its leader. Two Duma committees were headed by deputies from the Liberal Democratic Party: Ostrovsky became the chairman of the Committee for CIS Affairs; Cockroaches Chairman of the Committee on Youth Affairs.
On December 13, 2007, the XX Congress of the Liberal Democratic Party took place, at which Zhirinovsky was elected a candidate for the presidential elections in the country. The slogans for the election campaign were adopted: "Answer for everything!", "I will cleanse the whole country!", "I will calm everyone!"
On March 2, 2008, at the presidential elections in Russia, Vladimir Zhirinovsky received 9.4% of the vote.
From 2008 to 2011, 924 bills were submitted to the State Duma, 241 of them from the LDPR party. During the same period, the State Duma considered 360 laws, 80 of them from the LDPR party. Among them, in particular:
"On Amendments to Articles 3 and 65 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation" (regarding the prohibition of hiring foreigners if remuneration is made at the expense of budgetary funds).
On amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation in connection with the establishment of a new type of state social assistance for pensioners.
On Amending the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education" and the Federal Law "On Higher and Postgraduate vocational education"(cancellation of the exam).
Amendments to Article 14 Federal law"On Advertising" (a ban on interrupting TV programs and films broadcast in the evening from 19 to 23 hours on weekdays and from 11 to 23 hours on weekends and holidays) with advertisements.
On Amendments to the Federal Law "On the Enactment of the Land Code of the Russian Federation" and the Federal Law "On Amendments to the Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in terms of clarifying the conditions and procedure for acquiring rights to land."
On amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation in order to expand the right of representatives of the media to visit places of detention.
On amendments to Article 16 of the Federal Law "On Freedom of Conscience and on Religious Associations" and to the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation (this bill proposes to establish a special procedure for the performance of such religious rituals as prayer ceremony and rituals associated with the sacrifice of animals, other violent actions).
Draft resolution "On the statement of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation" On the need to ensure the safety of Russian tourists (excursionists) ".
On amendments to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation (on the establishment of criminal liability of foreign citizens for evading leaving the Russian Federation).
On amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation in connection with the cancellation of conscription for military service in peacetime (cancellation of conscription for military service).
On May 17, 2008, the XXI Congress of the Liberal Democratic Party took place, at which amendments to the Charter of the Liberal Democratic Party were adopted. The chairman of the party introduced and substantiated in detail the proposals of the Liberal Democratic Party to improve the Constitution, the structure of the government, on issues related to elections.
October 15, 2008 President Dmitry Medvedev in the Kremlin awarded the Order of Honor to the Deputy Chairman of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, Chairman of the Liberal Democratic Party Zhirinovsky. For high achievements in state and social activities, which made it possible to significantly improve the living conditions of people, for services in educating the younger generation, maintaining law and order.
The elections to regional parliaments on October 11, 2009 were called scandalous by the press. In almost all constituent entities of the federation, "United Russia" won the majority of votes, and in addition to it, only one party, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, passed to the Moscow City Duma (having received 3 seats out of 35). The Duma opposition - the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the Liberal Democratic Party and "Fair Russia" - announced massive falsifications, demanded a recount and a meeting with Medvedev, and in full force left the State Duma hall in protest. However, this demarche had no effect on the activities of the parliament, since the number of United Russia deputies was sufficient to pass any laws; in the end, the opposition returned.
On December 13, 2009, the XXII Anniversary Congress of the Liberal Democratic Party took place in Moscow in Gostiny Dvor, on the day of the 20th anniversary of the party. The congress once again substantiated the necessity and importance of proposals for amendments to the Constitution and other legislative acts to strengthen the country's unity and improve its state structure.
On July 28, 2011, President Medvedev presented to the Deputy Chairman of the State Duma, Chairman of the Liberal Democratic Party Zhirinovsky the Order of Merit to the Fatherland, III degree.
September 13, 2011 XXIII Congress of the Liberal Democratic Party, which approved the federal list of candidates for deputies of the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the sixth convocation.
On December 4, 2011, at the elections of deputies of the State Duma of the VI convocation, the Liberal Democratic Party got 11.67% of the vote. This result allowed the party to increase the LDPR faction from 40 to 56 deputies and head four Duma committees.
On March 4, 2012, at the presidential elections, LDPR Chairman Zhirinovsky, speaking with the slogans "Zhirinovsky, or it will be worse!" and "Zhirinovsky, it will be better!", received 6.22% of the votes (4,458,103 votes).
On April 26, 2012, Aleksey Ostrovsky, a member of the LDPR faction in the State Duma, became governor of the Smolensk region. The regional parliamentary deputies approved the candidacy of the LDPR representative unanimously. Ostrovsky took the oath and made a promise to work for the good of the Smolensk region, reviving the region.
On May 15, 2012, the Liberal Democratic Party celebrated 25 years since the beginning of the political activities of its leader Zhirinovsky.
October 22, 2012 coordinator of the Bryansk regional branch of the Liberal Democratic Party Mikhail Marchenko was appointed a member of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. The Governor of the Bryansk Region appointed him a representative from the administration of the Bryansk region in the Federation Council Nikolay Denin for their term of office.
On December 13, 2012, the XXV Congress of the Liberal Democratic Party took place. The congress adopted a number of proposals to amend and supplement the LDPR Charter, which have been received recently from regional branches and other structural units of the party, as well as from deputies of the LDPR faction in the State Duma.
During the autumn session of 2012, the Liberal Democratic Party introduced 177 bills, 9 of which were adopted in the first reading, 3 - in the third reading: laws on limiting access to illegal information on the Internet, on NGOs performing the functions of a foreign agent, and on the postponement of the application of the provisions of the legislation regarding the approval of the procedure for state registration of medical devices.
In 2010, it was reported that there were 165 deputies from the LDPR in various legislative assemblies, in 2012 there were already 205 of them. As of 2012, in particular, the LDPR had a faction of four in the Moscow Regional Duma, out of five in the Legislative Assembly of St. Petersburg, out of four in the Legislative Assembly of the Leningrad Region.
On March 25, 2013, the XXVI Congress of the Liberal Democratic Party took place, which brought together a record number of participants - 6,000 people. By the results of a secret ballot, Vladimir Zhirinovsky was elected Chairman of the Liberal Democratic Party. The composition of the Supreme Council of the party was expanded to 11 members, and the composition of the Central Control and Auditing Commission - to 6.
So, 15 surnames got into the group of excellent students: Vasily Tarasyuk, Egor Anisimov, Alexander Kurdyumov, Alexey Didenko, Maxim Shchepinov, Vadim Dengin, Ivan Abramov, Alexander Sherin, Sergey Ivanov, Ivan Sukharev, Konstantin Subbotin, Vasily Zhurko.
Financing
In 2011, among the largest donors of the LDPR were:
Optima Group LLC - 43,000,000 rubles. MetalExpoCentre LLC - 43,000,000 rubles. Servicemobile LLC - 43,000,000 rubles. LLC "Metallstroykompleks" - 43,000,000 rubles. LLC UralPromStroy - 43,000,000 rubles. LLC "MagStroy" - 43,000,000 rubles. LLC "Odion Group" - 43,000,000 rubles. LLC "Gifest" - 43,000,000 rubles. LLC "Vertical" - 43,000,000 rubles. According to the financial report of the Liberal Democratic Party for 2012, the party received: 477 million 737 thousand - from the federal budget 203 million 989 thousand - donations from legal entities. 8 million 632 thousand - from individuals. Among the largest donors: OOO GIFEST - 43,000,000 rubles OOO LESPROM-E - 43,000,000 rubles OOO TechTorgGroup - 30,000,000 rubles OOO Trading House Klen - 30,000,000 rubles OOO Garant Invest - 30,000,000 rubles LLC "VERTICAL" - 21,000,000 rubles. Calibron LLC - 2,000,000 rubles. LLC "Kvas Lux" - 2,000,000 rubles. Design Workshop LLC - 1,049,200 rubles. JSC "Milk" - 1,000,000 rubles. OJSC Timber Industry Enterprise Turtas - 616,000 rubles LLC Barnaul Grid Company - 500,000 rubles.
Scandals (rumors)
After the 1996 elections, information appeared in the press that in 1995-1997 Zhirinovsky, on his own behalf, acquired more than 100 apartments in different cities of Russia and 200 cars for the needs of the party. The source of funds was unknown.
In 2000, this gave the observers a reason to call Zhirinovsky and his son Igor Lebedev the actual owners of the Liberal Democratic Party. According to some reports, at the end of the 1990s, all this property was transferred to the party. Subsequently, in their declarations, Zhirinovsky and his son indicated only their own real estate and cars, and the structure of the party's property did not arouse the interest of the press, with rare exceptions: in 2011, an article titled "Zhirinovsky became impoverished" was published on the Vital.Ru website with reference to the portal of the United Russia party, which briefly described the situation with purchases of the LDPR leader's family, in particular, in the mid-1990s, and their discrepancy with real income.
The press noted that deputies from the Liberal Democratic Party, including Zhirinovsky, more than once became participants in fights in the meeting room of the State Duma. The most famous of them were the fights in the fall of 1995, when Zhirinovsky dragged the deputy by the hair and began to strangle him. Evgeniya Tishkovskaya.
In fact, the LDPR is a "party of one person", and its program, according to a number of political scientists, does not correspond to the principles of either liberalism or liberal democracy.
Way to success Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR) began back in 1989. It was in that year on December 13 in Moscow that an initiative group, including V.V. Zhirinovsky and his associates held a meeting at which it was decided to convene the founding congress of the new - the Liberal Democratic Party of the Soviet Union (LDPSS).
The beginning of the way
The emergence of this party precisely during that period was inevitable and dictated by the conditions of the collapse of all the fundamental structures of the Soviet Union, the collapse of the one-party system and the loss of people's faith in totalitarian socialism. Residents of small towns, people of working age and young people - these strata of society supported the formation of a new party, which became a breath of fresh air after 70 years of communist rule.
The founding congress of the LDPSS was convened in Moscow on March 31, 1990. At it the Program and the Charter of the party were discussed and approved, and the chairman, Vladimir Volfovich Zhirinovsky, was elected. And less than 3 months later, the first issue of the party newspaper "Liberal" was published.
Since the beginning of its history, the Liberal Democratic Party has held a special position on the main issues and events in Russia and the world. It was this party that in 1991, which was difficult for our country, stood up in support of the State Emergency Committee, advocating the preservation of the USSR, although it was not a supporter of communism. At that moment, it was a very brave step, which required a lot of courage and willpower. The party members were guided by the desire to save the country from Gorbachev's betrayal. The support of the party by the people, despite its "youth" at that time, is evidenced by the fact that V. Zhirinovsky, nominated as a candidate for President of the Russian Federation in the June 1991 elections, became the third.
LDPR victory in the first elections to the State Duma
The party received its current official name during the 3rd Congress on April 18-19, 1992. It was at this congress that it was decided to establish a party under its current name - the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR). During the work of the congress, the Party's Program and Charter were also approved. At the helm of the party, V.V. Zhirinovsky.
In December 1993, the party members once again demonstrated their courage and ability to maintain a bright mind despite the circumstances, calling on the participants in the armed clash near the building of the Supreme Council to come to their senses and once again take the path of political methods of settling disputes.
On December 12, 1993, during the first Duma elections in the history of the Russian Federation, the LDPR received the largest number of votes, which convincingly proved that the slogans put forward by the party met the expectations of the Russian people and their faith in the LDPR. This is not surprising, because the main goal of the party has always been the revival of democracy in our country. The Liberal Democratic Party has always put forward and is bringing to the fore the principle of patriotism, the need to seek the restoration of Russia within its historical and geopolitical borders. This position does not lose its relevance today, given the fact that in recent decades the Russian population of our state has been subjected to oppression and reduction.
The activities of the Liberal Democratic Party have always been carried out on the basis of the ideas of liberalism and democracy. In 1993 V.V. Zhirinovsky, representing the Liberal Democratic Party at the Constitutional Meeting, introduced a party draft of the Constitution. Many provisions of the draft were then included in the new Constitution of the Russian Federation on December 12, 1993, the adoption of which was also largely facilitated by the votes of the LDPR supporters.
LDPR in the process of strengthening on the political Olympus
Having won the parliamentary elections of 1993, the Liberal Democratic Party has strengthened and launched an active propaganda activity. V.V. Zhirinovsky and members of the party regularly held press conferences, explained the policy of the party and its faction in the State Duma.
Standing for the unity of all Slavs, the chairman of the party and its members have repeatedly advocated the struggle with the West in its attempts to subordinate the Orthodox and Christian peoples to their rule. On April 3, 1994, the Slavic Congress was held, in which the Liberal Democratic Party took a direct part, calling on the Slavs of all countries to create a common cultural and geopolitical space for them.
During these years, members of the LDPR party visited different parts of our country to talk with ordinary residents of Russian cities and villages. So, in August 1994, the party members went on a trip along the Volga, during which they met with voters in 23 Russian settlements.
In the same period V.V. Zhirinovsky, together with party activists, visited a number of foreign countries, meeting with their leaders and promoting his ideas. The LDPR chairman and his associates made working trips to Finland, Iraq, the United States, Libya, India and the DPRK.
LDPR as a strong and influential party
In the second half of the 1990s, the Liberal Democratic Party carried out a lot of work to strengthen its party apparatus. Speaking at the Plenum of the Central Committee of the party in November 1996, V.V. Zhirinovsky noted that by this time the Liberal Democratic Party had already been represented in the administrations and local legislative assemblies, which means that it had taken place as a political force, as a party.
During this period, interest in the party and its leader in the media intensifies. V.V. Zhirinovsky is increasingly becoming a guest of various television programs, his rating is growing. He publishes a number of works devoted to the analysis of the economic and political problems of Russia, expresses his concept.
Party leaders and members pay great attention to youth, which is becoming the most important support of the Liberal Democratic Party. In 1998, a number of events dedicated to this segment of society are held: Youth Festival, Founding Congress of the Center for Support of Youth Initiatives. In 1999, the Institute of World Civilizations was founded, whose students today are laureates of competitions and conferences at various levels.
By the end of the twentieth century, the Liberal Democratic Party numbered more than 800 thousand of its members, including youth, women's and other organizations.
"Zhirinovsky block"
1999th year. The Liberal Democratic Party is preparing to take part and aims to win the elections to the third State Duma. To this end, the chairman and deputies of the party go on a trip and visit 25 settlements of the Far North and the Far East. The elections were supposed to take place in December of the same year. However, the political "atmosphere" in the country became more and more gloomy. Nevertheless, the Liberal Democratic Party was the only party that offered effective ways to break the deadlock for Russia, so the party had every chance of significant success in the elections. Meanwhile, this state of affairs did not suit the then political opponents of the Liberal Democratic Party, and under their pressure, the Central Election Commission banned the parties from registering the list of their candidates for deputies. This was illegal and could lead to the collapse of the party.
But the Liberal Democratic Party held out, finding a way out of a seemingly hopeless situation. On October 13, 1999, a Congress of representatives of two related LDPR associations was convened, during which a decision was made to create the "Zhirinovsky Bloc" - a new electoral bloc that could participate in the elections to the Duma. The list of candidates for deputies, of course, included the "backbone" of candidates from the LDPR list. Despite the machinations of ill-wishers, the registration of the "Zhirinovsky Bloc" took place. As a result of the elections held on the appointed day of December 1999, out of 26 associations and blocs, only 6 entered the third State Duma, among them the “Zhirinovsky Bloc”. This was assessed by V.V. Zhirinovsky as a victory of the Liberal Democratic Party.
The new millennium is a new stage in the development of Russia and the implementation of the proposals of the Liberal Democratic Party
The 21st century came to our country along with the presidential race. Participation in early elections The President of the Russian Federation was announced by V. Putin, G. Zyuganov, V. Zhirinovsky and other politicians. The unanimous approval of V. Zhirinovsky's candidacy took place on January 6 this year at the 11th Congress of the Liberal Democratic Party. Again, despite opposition from the CEC, the LDPR candidate was registered to run for the presidency. However, unequal conditions with other candidates led to not the most better result: V.V. Zhirinovsky took only 5th place in the elections for the post of President of the Russian Federation, which became, as you know, V.V. Putin.
In the most difficult conditions in which Russia found itself at the beginning of the new century, a new political course was needed. The Liberal Democratic Party also came out with its own vision of what the new path of the country should be. And the echoes of her speeches found their realization in many provisions of the message of V.V. Putin to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. In particular, on the advice of V.V. Zhirinovsky, 7 federal districts were created in the country with the aim of strengthening the unity of Russia and the "vertical of power". But so that the country does not split up, LDPR activists proposed creating large provinces that would be equally equal in status, with the same population and economically self-sufficient, but without national state languages and their own constitutions.
Defending Russia's interests in the world, the Liberal Democratic Party drew the attention of the country's leaders to an important point - it is necessary to build diplomatic relations not only with Western, but also with Arab countries, Korea, Iran, India. The party persistently pointed out the danger from the Middle East and Central Asian countries. V.V. Zhirinovsky, actually performing the functions of foreign minister, travels to Iraq for high-level talks.
Despite attacks on the Liberal Democratic Party and, of course, its leader, the merits of V.V. Zhirinovsky were awarded by the President of the Russian Federation, and on December 29, 2000, Vladimir Volfovich was awarded the honorary title of "Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation".
LDPR in the early years of the XXI century
On December 13, 2001, at the 13th party congress, its leader made a report on the need to transform the all-Russian socio-political organization, which until that time was the Liberal Democratic Party, into a political party, in accordance with the new requirements of the law. The decision was made, the new Charter and the Program were approved, and the Chairman of the Liberal Democratic Party was elected, who again became V.V. Zhirinovsky.
The party continued to pay much attention to foreign policy issues. Party members advocated defending Iraq against American aggression, preventing an attack on that country and lifting sanctions against it. In September 2002, the party leader took part in an international conference in support of Iraq, which took place in Baghdad. A little earlier in the same year V.V. Zhirinovsky was officially invited to Japan, where he once again spoke about the need to fight international terrorism and the Iraqi problem. Even before the start of the US aggression against Iraq in 2003, the LDPR spoke at the Duma Council with a proposal to condemn the impending American aggression, but the members of the Duma Council did not support the party members. Then the supporters of the Liberal Democratic Party took to the streets with the people to protest against the American aggression at the building of the US Embassy in Moscow.
She paid great attention to the Liberal Democratic Party and the rallying of patriotic organizations from different countries. Much effort was put into this cause, which resulted in the World Congress of Patriotic Parties of Europe and Asia, which was first held on January 18, 2003 in Moscow.
In the State Duma of the third convocation (2000-2003) I. Lebedev was elected the leader of the LPDR faction, and V.V. Zhirinovsky became deputy chairman of the Duma. During the four years of the Duma's work, the party continued its line: it focused on economic and social issues, foreign policy and national security. The faction deputies advocated radical methods of reforming the statehood of the Russian Federation: for the abolition of elections for the heads of large cities in favor of their appointment as President. In the economic sphere, the LDPR advocated the adoption of laws that would limit the lawlessness on the part of the oligarchs. The result of repeated criticism of the members of the faction of the privatization process was the new edition of the law on privatization. Discussing financial issues, the faction advocated an increase in budgetary funds for social needs and defense. To protect domestic agricultural producers, the Liberal Democratic Party sought to help them sell their products and restrict imports. The work of the deputies of the faction continued to ensure the rights and interests of various strata of the population: women, children, veterans, pensioners. Thanks to their efforts, a minimum wage was introduced into labor legislation, which from then on should not be lower than the subsistence level.
Since the beginning of 2003, the party began to prepare for the next parliamentary elections under the slogan: “We are for the poor! We are for the Russians! " At the same time, the party clarified that this slogan does not call for ethnic hatred, but only reminds of the existence of the Russian people, which was not even mentioned in the country's Constitution. The Liberal Democratic Party has always stood up for the Russian people, without prejudice to the national interests of other nationalities living in our country. In particular, even during the work of the third convocation of the Duma, the LDPR proposed adopting a resolution on the right of Russians to self-determination and sovereignty throughout the Russian Federation, but most of the Duma deputies spoke out against considering this issue at meetings.
For propaganda purposes, LDPR activists undertook many trips to the regions of the country. In August 2003, the leadership and members of the party went by train on the Moscow-Vladivostok route and back. The trip lasted 24 days, during which the party members visited 168 settlements of our country.
On September 8, 2003, the 14th party congress was held in the capital of the Russian Federation, at which V.V. Zhirinovsky. Vladimir Volfovich reminded everyone gathered about the importance of the Liberal Democratic Party in the history of Russia, that it is the oldest party in the country, which is completely ready to rule Russia. Here, at the congress, a list of candidates from the party for the future Duma elections was approved.
During the election campaign, the party managed to win the trust of a huge number of our citizens. As a result, in the elections to the State Duma of the 4th convocation, which took place on December 7, 2003, about 7 million residents of our country voted for the LDPR. In general, the role of the LDPR as an opposition party has grown.
The Liberal Democratic Party of Russia has been guarding the interests of Russians for 15 years!
On December 13, 2004, the Liberal Democratic Party celebrated its 15th anniversary. On this day, the 16th party congress was held in Moscow. During the congress, the results of the party's activities during the period of its existence were summed up, and amendments were made to the Charter.
A year later, on the Party Day, the 17th Congress of the Liberal Democratic Party was held. Within the framework of a political report, V.V. Zhirinovsky, noting the stabilization of the situation in the country and urging to pay special attention to agriculture. In addition, the party proposed to supplement 4 national projects put forward by the Russian government with 2 more programs: "Roads" and "Culture".
Over the years before its 15th anniversary, the Liberal Democratic Party has published many publications (newspapers Liberal, Sokol Zhirinovsky, Pravda Zhirinovsky, LDPR, magazines Great Russia, For the Russian people). These publications, together with regional publications, provided complete material on the activities of the party in the center and in the localities. The Liberal Democratic Party also distributed many books, brochures, leaflets, recordings on video and audio media throughout the country. This testified to the growing influence of the party and its ability to influence the government course.
By this time, the number of members of the Liberal Democratic Party had increased to almost 90,000 people. More than 1400 local party branches operated on the territory of the country.
LDPR in 2006-2008
2006 was a busy year for Russia. This is bird flu, and large fires, and an emergency in the army. The situation on the world stage also became more complicated: the Americans began preparing aggression against our country's strategic ally, Iran. V.V. Zhirinovsky and members of the Liberal Democratic Party actively participated in the settlement of complex issues, expressed their ideas on which course to follow the Russian government.
For V.V. Zhirinovsky this year was a jubilee: the leader of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia on April 25, 2006 turned 60 years old. On the eve of the birthday of the politician, the President of the Russian Federation in a solemn atmosphere awarded the head of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia with the Order of Merit to the Fatherland, 4 degrees. On the same day, the 18th congress of the Liberal Democratic Party was assembled, at which the hero of the day made a vivid presentation of a political orientation entitled "Another look at history."
In the course of the work of the fourth State Duma (starting from December 29, 2003) a new Chairman was elected - B.V. Gryzlov. V.V. became the Deputy Chairman again. Zhirinovsky. At the meetings of the Duma of the 4th convocation, the LDPR made various proposals to maintain the unity of the country. It was proposed to establish a vertical of power so that governors would be appointed by the President. The LDPR faction spoke out for the renewal and replacement of the government of M.E. Fradkov, and in 2007 the President proposed a new candidate for the highest post in the government - V.A. Zubkov.
In May 2005, one of the party's program guidelines was implemented: the State Duma amended the law on the election of deputies, according to which only political parties should participate in them. Now governors and heads of administrations are no longer elected by the population, but are elected on the proposal of the President of the country by the legislative body of the constituent entity. When discussing the laws on the state budget, the LDPR faction suggested paying special attention to social policy issues and increasing defense spending, demanded to lay in the 2007 budget funds to increase wages and pensions, to finance demographic and other priority projects. The deputies of the LDPR faction spoke out against the abolition of benefits, against the closure of vocational schools. The party leader has repeatedly raised the issue of the need to increase the monthly child allowance, which finally found its solution, albeit in an insufficient amount. The faction of the party opposed the "adjustment" of the education system to foreign standards.
In the same year, the Liberal Democratic Party took the most direct part in the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the First State Duma in the history of tsarist Russia.
In 2007, the Liberal Democratic Party began active preparations for the elections to the State Duma of the fifth convocation and for the upcoming presidential elections. The party was still supported by a huge number of residents of various parts of Russia. LDPR candidates in the elections to the Fifth Duma on December 2, 2007 were able to secure 8.14% of the vote. V.V. was re-elected as Deputy Chairman. Zhirinovsky.
On September 17 this year, the 19th party congress opened, at which those present heard the report of V.V. Zhirinovsky on the topic: "World Civil War". The LDPR chairman called Britain and its "offspring" America the main enemy of Russia.
On the next anniversary of the creation of the Liberal Democratic Party on December 13, the 20th party congress was held, on the agenda of which was the question of electing a candidate from the Liberal Democratic Party to the highest post in the country. By unanimous decision, V.V. Zhirinovsky, who received 9.4% of the votes of the citizens of the country.
On May 17, 2008, the 11th party congress was held. At the congress V.V. Zhirinovsky announced the proposal of the Liberal Democratic Party to move from a presidential to a parliamentary republic. Such a step would mean a transition to the next form of democracy. Proposals were also made on amendments to the Constitution.
During this period, the Liberal Democratic Party continued to act in constructive opposition to the government. The party focused particular attention on issues of economic and social policy. The emphasis was placed on the need to raise agriculture, the development of road construction. Attention was drawn to the danger of the US globalist course and proposals were made to strengthen national security.
V.V. Zhirinovsky drew the Duma's attention to the need for a legal regulation of food prices, limiting the growth of fuel costs.
Liberal Democratic Party of Russia from 20 years to 25 years
On December 13, 2009, as planned, the 22nd party congress was convened, dedicated to its 20th anniversary. The event was held in a solemn atmosphere. There were many guests, congratulations and greetings from many world leaders, including from the top leadership of the Russian Federation. In his speech at the anniversary congress, the permanent leader of the Liberal Democratic Party recalled the pages of the party's history, about its enormous contribution to the development of our country in the post-Soviet period.
In 2010, the Liberal Democratic Party introduced a lot of bills to the State Duma. Among the most significant are the draft law on punishing Duma deputies for absenteeism from meetings, on establishing the fact that the Kuriles belong to Russia, and on establishing responsibility for the terrorist's family. In the same year, on November 1, the Party Department was created to work with citizens' appeals to help Russians in a variety of issues.
The contribution of the party and its leader to the development of Russia was noted on July 28, 2011. This is the date the President of the Russian Federation D.A. Medvedev, the founder of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, the Order of Merit to the Fatherland, 3rd degree.
On September 13, 2011, at the 23rd Party Congress, the list of candidates for deputies of the Sixth Duma was approved. In the elections held on December 4 this year, the Liberal Democratic Party received 11.67% of the vote, which allowed it to increase the faction to 56 deputies.
In the 2012 presidential elections, the candidate from the Liberal Democratic Party, its permanent leader V.V. Zhirinovsky received just over 6 percent of the vote. In the same year, the party celebrated the 25th anniversary of V.V. Zhirinovsky.
On December 13, 2012, the 25th congress of the Liberal Democratic Party was held, at which proposals were made and adopted to amend the Party Charter.
On March 25, 2013, the 26th party congress was held, at which 6,000 people gathered - a record figure.
On December 16 of the same year, the results of a study conducted by the Public Opinion Foundation were announced, according to which V.V. Zhirinovsky was among the three most influential residents of the Russian Federation. In addition to him, V.V. Putin and S.K. Shoigu.
2014 is the year of the 25th anniversary of the party. In February of this year, an agitation trip of the leader of the Liberal Democratic Party and deputies from the party in the State Duma to Crimea took place. In June, after the All-Russian meeting of its activists, the Liberal Democratic Party began to prepare for a single voting day and the next (scheduled for 2016) elections to the State Duma. On November 4, members of the party took part in the march "We are United", which took place in Moscow. The Liberal Democratic Party has once again demonstrated that it protects Russia's interests throughout the world and fights against the destruction of the state.
On December 13, 2014, a meeting of party activists from all over Russia was held in Moscow. The event was dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the Liberal Democratic Party. The chairman of the party stressed in his speech that the Liberal Democratic Party is a strong party, which today follows the slogans put forward a quarter of a century ago.
LDPR today
LDPR today is a dynamically developing party. It includes 245 468 people. In the elections to the State Duma of the VII convocation on September 18, 2016, the Liberal Democratic Party won 13.3% of the vote. The faction of the party is represented in the State Duma of the seventh convocation by 40 deputies. This is the youngest faction in the Duma and in Europe in general.
For 25 years now, the Liberal Democratic Party has been represented by a faction in the State Duma. And all the most significant bills (on the protection of the Russian and Russian languages, demography, pensions, education, youth and others) were first voiced by the deputies of this particular party.
On December 20, 2017, at the XXXI Congress of the Liberal Democratic Party, the Chairman of the party, Vladimir Zhirinovsky, was approved as a candidate for President of the Russian Federation.
On December 29, 2017, Vladimir Zhirinovsky received a certificate of a candidate for the President of the Russian Federation, becoming the first registered candidate.
Continuing to grow, the LDPR is purposefully moving along the political Olympus in order to be able to create a high material and cultural standard of living for the Russian people.
The Liberal Democratic Party is the only force that can lead our country forward!
In 1991 it was registered by the Ministry of Justice of the USSR as the LDPSS, in 1992 it was re-registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation as the Liberal Democratic Party. The party chairman is V.V. Zhirinovsky.
The LDPR traces its history back to a series of splits in a small group of "informals" who left the Democratic Union party. According to some information, including the memoirs of A. Yakovlev ("the architect of perestroika" - our note), these splits were provoked by the KGB of the USSR and the Central Committee of the CPSU, and the very project of the future LDPR party was ripening in the Lubyanka. The authorities wanted to have a "controlled opposition" within the opposition.
An initiative group called the "Liberal Democratic Party" was formed in the summer and autumn of 1989 around V.V. Bogachev (Soviet informal dissident and composer-songwriter - our note). In the fall of 1989, V. Zhirinovsky joined Bogachev.
In the political spectrum, the Liberal Democratic Party takes the position of centrism, the main ideological components of the party's program are patriotism, Russian nationalism, popular Pan-Slavic liberalism, and democratic statism.
How the party was created, what ideas does it bring to the masses and what is its role in modern Russia- this is our article.
Party design in modern Russia. LDPR - project party
The history of the modern Russian party system is not too long. Its actual starting point is the beginning of the split in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1988. In March 1988, "Sovetskaya Rossiya" published an article by N. Andreeva "I cannot compromise my principles", to which the leadership of the Communist Party gave a tough answer through Pravda. For the first time in the CPSU, internal party polemics received formal structuring through the party press.
"Soviet Russia" united around itself party conservatives, "Pravda" tried to be more official and, at that time, more liberal. And a year later, in May 1989, the communists-traditionalists created the All-Union Society "Unity - for Leninism and Communist Ideals." Then the equally communist-traditionalist United Front of the Working People of the USSR and the "Communist Initiative" movement appeared. In turn, the "liberal" trend in the CPSU in January 1990 at the All-Union Conference of Party Clubs formed the Democratic Platform in the CPSU. The governing bodies of the democratic platform included B. Yeltsin, G. Popov and others. Finally, despite the open reluctance of M. Gorbachev and his supporters, who, nevertheless, were forced to make concessions to the conservative wing of the party, as well as to create an organizational counterbalance to the "democratic platform", in June 1990, a Russian party conference was convened, which grew into the founding congress of the Communist Party of the RSFSR, whose leader was I. Polozkov.
Further, the process acquired an avalanche-like character. In 1990, N. Travkin, leaving the CPSU, created the Democratic Party of Russia. Other "demplatformists" led by V. Lysenko and V. Shostakovsky formed the Republican Party of Russia. Still others formed the Democratic Movement of Communists and the Democratic Party of Communists of Russia, headed by A. Rutsky, then transformed into the People's Party "Free Russia". In turn, A. Volsky and A. Yakovlev created the Movement for Democratic Reforms.
The situation was similar on the communist flank. Parties and movements multiplied and liquidated, merged and revived. In February 1991, at a conference with a very symbolic, especially taking into account the party brands circulating today, the name "For a Great, United Russia", the All-Russian National-Patriotic Bloc was formed. The Russian Communist Workers' Party, "Labor Russia", the Socialist Party of Workers, the Russian Party of Communists, the Union of Communists, AUCPB, the CPSU, the Labor Party, the Russian Communist Party - the CPSU, etc. were also created at short intervals. the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was recreated.
During the period described, party construction often acquired a chaotic character. In fact, every politician preferred to create his own pocket party and, using it as a resource, only then negotiate with colleagues who are close to him in views, opportunistic or simply negotiable colleagues. Moreover, during this period of the formation of the Russian party system, ideological positioning was a necessary element of any political structure. And this is a fundamental feature of this stage in the construction of the party system. Another thing is that the differences between parties of the same ideological trend were often indistinguishable.
The reasons for the mandatory ideological positioning are primarily due to considerations of a technological, design nature. The fact is that voters during this period were extremely politicized, and therefore the parties being constructed inevitably had to answer the ideological questions presented to them. Parties and movements needed to decide on the reforms that had begun, which radically changed life in the country, affecting everyone and everyone. And in this respect, the positioning point of all political forces was the word "communism", which, unfortunately, was understood very differently by everyone.
Note that, as practice has shown, such positioning remained relevant until the presidential elections in the Russian Federation in 1996, which the victorious Boris Yeltsin held under the banner of preventing the restoration of "communism" (in this sense, the people were against the restoration of pseudo-socialist state party democracy, THE USSR).
As a result of the rigid attachment to ideology, the emerging ideocratic parties found themselves in a situation where there was no room for maneuver due to the changing situation. As a result, during a period of declining activity and increasing mass implosion, the parties that chose the path of ideological positioning turned out to be technologically weak and for the most part lost the elections and eventually left the political arena. For example, in the 1993 State Duma elections, the ideocratic Choice of Russia and the Communist Party of the Russian Federation won only 15.51 and 12.4 percent of the vote, respectively. Other parties that declared their ideological position (the Yavlinsky-Boldyrev-Lukin bloc, the Democratic Party of Russia, etc.) did not exceed the 8 percent bar.
However, in addition to the ideocratic - liberal and communist (traditionalist) parties at this time, there were already and exclusively design parties. Including very successful ones. An example of the success of the project party is the LDPR, created in December 1989 and originally named the Liberal Democratic Party of the Soviet Union (LDPSS).
The party was created to "select" the liberal, which did not work, and, to a greater extent, the protest electorate, which did. Moreover, one can hardly talk about the ideology of the Liberal Democratic Party and its leader. An indirect proof of this already at that time was the ideological "evolution" of V. Zhirinovsky himself. It is widely known that initially V. Zhirinovsky was a member of the radical Democratic Union, whose political position is not only close to the platform of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, but also diametrically opposite to it. Such a sharp "evolution" fits well into the hypothesis about the project style of political activity of the Liberal Democrats. The project party demonstrated its strength in 1993, gaining 22.92% of the vote and taking first place in the federal district.
As can be seen from the presented small review, the dynamics of the development of the party system in Russia in the paradigm "Ideology - design" shifted from the use of ideology in the construction of parties in the direction of creating non-ideological projects.
In addition, when speaking about practice, it is obvious that the following three facts must be recognized.
Firstly that there is a discrepancy between the names of the parties and their real principles. For example, the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR) is hardly really liberal and democratic. By no means always do Russian communists act like communists, and socialists like socialists. Even the right often behaves like the left and vice versa. For example, Rodina was positioned both as a nationalist party (on the verge of radical nationalism) and as a socialist one. In this regard, we note that one of the signs of the collapse of traditional ideologies is the emergence of various types of intermediate types used to describe party positions: liberal-conservative, liberal-socialist, conservative-liberal, etc. Confusion has become the norm since the second half of the 19th century, with the emergence of liberal revisionism, guaranteeism and other currents that modernized classical liberalism, "Mixing" it with conservative ideologies and communist and socialist utopias.
Secondly, one and the same party, while maintaining its structure, can "travel" from one ideology to another. In this sense, the example of the 2007 presidential elections in France is very indicative. V. Inozemtsev quite convincingly, literally with the help of a few figures, proves the "socialism" of N. Sarkozy and the "communism" of S. Royal. As a result, in his opinion, the paradoxical victory of socialism and the defeat of the socialists took place in France.
Thirdly, ideological labels are very often "glued" to party projects, which often have nothing to do with them.
Recognizing the design nature of individual parties, as a separate large-scale project, it is naturally possible to present the entire party system. If we talk about the current situation, it seems that the main idea of the project was the formation of a party system with a dominant party, initially undermined by the emergence of "Fair Russia" and the expansion of the zone of application of proportionality in the elections. Within the framework of this project, in addition to the dominant party, were created and functioned:
- parties "allies", providing solidarity voting in the legislature, but at the same time focusing on the votes of the opposition authorities. Such parties can be considered the LDPR, which accumulates protest voices, the Union of Right Forces and Right Cause, focused on working with young people, the intelligentsia and business, and others.
- technological parties used to prevent “disloyal” opposition from entering the legislature by “stretching” votes and using other technological methods;
- parties for collecting votes in various segments (Agrarian Party of Russia, REP "Green", People's Party of the Russian Federation, "Narodnaya Volya", etc.);
- Party of Controlled Opposition (KPRF).
With this in mind, the prospects for ideocratic parties, primarily the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, look stable, but depend on the thoughtfulness of party planning, i.e. from the actions of the authorities and the party leadership itself. In addition, it should be noted that the party projects of the "surviving" opposition have practically no chance of promotion. The opposition will be able to operate successfully only within the framework of existing projects.
However, at one time M. Foucault (1926 - 1984) noted that "the state can be reformed only being a part of it."
The general conclusion is obvious. Today, most parties (from United Russia to the Liberal Democratic Party) are only quasi-party formations, and it is more promising to describe them not in the paradigms of partology, but in the categories of client relations.
Marginal notes
CLIENTELISM (lat. Cliens - ward) is a model of the political structuring of society, based on a special type of relationship between the leader (patron) and his followers (clients) - his loyal or dependent supporters. It manifests itself in the form of personal clientele (lat. - clientela) - personal "teams" of individual leaders, as well as clientelized institutions, political and financial groups (from large enterprises, financial and economic structures to government bodies), relying on patronage and client connections. The main characteristics of such groups are the closed nature and hierarchy of the structure, as well as the informal nature of interaction in the struggle for the right to control resources (http://politics_reference.academic.ru/183/CLIENTELISM).
The history of the creation of the Liberal Democratic Party is special
A. Yakovlev writes about this in the book "Twilight" (2005), we will cite only some moments from this book, while it should be noted that it is true and what is not, let political scientists and historians understand, but not trust " the architect of perestroika "is probably not completely worth it.
“The birth metric of the Liberal Democratic Party said:
"The administration of the CPSU Central Committee, represented by the manager of affairs, comrade Golovkov, on the one hand, and the firm" Zavidia ", represented by the president of the firm, comrade Zavidia, hereinafter referred to as the" Firm ", on the other hand, entered into an agreement on the following: free funds (interest-free loan) in the amount of 3 million rubles. "
Zhirinovsky nominated himself as a candidate for the presidency of Russia, and named Zavidiy, referred to in the agreement as "Firm", as vice-president. I remember how, during a break between meetings of a meeting, the members of the Politburo sat down to lunch. Mikhail Sergeevich was gloomy, silently eating borscht.
KGB chairman Kryuchkov got up and said something like this:
“Mikhail Sergeevich, fulfilling your instructions, we began to form a party, let's call it in a modern way. We have selected several candidates for leadership. "
Deputy Chairman of the KGB F. D. Bobkov:
“In line with Zubatov's ideas, the Central Committee of the CPSU proposed to create a pseudo-party controlled by the KGB, through which the interests and sentiments of some social groups... I was totally against it, it was a pure provocation. Then the Central Committee itself undertook this. One of the party secretaries was doing this. So they gave birth to the well-known Liberal Democratic Party and its leader, who became a very colorful figure in the political horizon. "
A.N. Yakovlev, member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee:
“Philip Denisovich is disingenuous. The party was created by joint efforts of the Central Committee and the KGB. And the name, according to my guesses, was invented by Bobkov. By the way, it’s a good name. ”
According to Alexander Nikolayevich Yakovlev, this publication was continued. Soon after the book was published, he ran into Vladimir Zhirinovsky at a reception in Moscow. I expected a scandal, it turned out differently. Zhirinovsky rushed to Yakovlev with the words:
“Alexander Nikolaevich! You described everything so accurately, thank you. But can you imagine, these bastards never paid me! ”…. (These are excerpts from the above book).
And here is how Zhirinovsky V.V. himself confirms this. in an interview (http://www.compromat.ru/page_17879.htm):
“The idea to create the LDPR belonged to me personally. For many years I dreamed of party political work. But the CPSU did not accept me, because it was believed that my views did not correspond to the program and attitudes. And now 1977. An employee Anatoly Anisimov approached me at work - I was working at the Inyurcollegium at that time - and said that there are people who want to create a new party. I understood that this was impossible, but I was interested. Anisimov invited me to their meeting. But not next Sunday, but next - they say, this time we have already gathered people, and then we will call you. And then they are all arrested ... Anisimov later became a priest, serves to this day in one of the parishes of Ivanovo. He is the main witness that even then I was going to take part in the creation of a new party.
Then, already during perestroika, there was the Democratic Union. I was not only accepted into this organization, but also elected to the top management. But Novodvorskaya told me bluntly: we will bang our heads against the buses with riot police, we will go to prisons and so on, you don't seem to suit us ... Of course, he sees - normal person, lawyer. Well, I realized that this was not my party.
Soon the Democratic Union split up, and Vladimir Bogachev began to call me. He says we want to create another party, come to us. There was no name, no program. AND whole year I am persuaded - immediately to the role of the leader. In the end I agreed, and on December 13, 1989, we get together and establish the Liberal Democratic Party. I came up with the name, and I wrote the program - there are twelve points.
No other candidates were considered - Zhirinovsky answered the correspondent's question about possible other candidates for the role of leader - they tried to persuade me. And at that stage, only the question of holding the congress was discussed - he answered the question of whether these issues were discussed with the party and state leaders of the USSR - I took upon myself the main thing - the lease of premises, since we wanted everything to happen legally. And he began to act at his place of residence - in Sokolniki. Decided to rent the House of Culture named after Rusakov. But we were told: we need the consent of the district party committee. I went to the district committee. They say that although perestroika is a political issue, the district's KGB needs to give the go-ahead. And I didn’t know where the KGB was, I contacted them on the phone: so, they say, and so, what to do? They thought for a long time, but in the end they allowed it.
Where does the version come from that Zhirinovsky was created by the KGB? Anatoly Sobchak was the first to say this in an interview. And he cited as proof a conversation that took place either at the Politburo, or at an expanded meeting of the Central Committee. Gorbachev asked Kryuchkov to report on what kind of new parties are appearing in the country. And Vladimir Aleksandrovich gave us the most positive characterization, saying that the Liberal Democratic Party is the most loyal in the country, especially the army and the KGB. From this, Sobchak, probably, formed the opinion that since Kryuchkov praises us, then he created us.
Later we went to the city committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, to Prokofiev. I turned to them for help: we are a new party, we need to publish a newspaper, we have no money ... Prokofiev says: well, how will we help you - they will say that the CPSU is helping the opposition party. And he didn’t do anything.
Then, within the framework of the centrist bloc, we were with Silaev, were with individual ministers, were in the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the KGB. We met with Dzasokhov, then - head. ideological department of the Central Committee. We came, we say: listen, you have so much, help us. Give one percent of your premises, your people, your money, and we will create a normal large party. No, no and NO. There were other contacts as well. He asked to see Gorbachev, but he did not accept, Yanayev accepted. Yeltsin did not want to accept. But all these people did not interfere in anything, did not offer anything and did not discuss anything with us.
There was no funding - Zhirinovsky answered the question about the financing of the party. Two weeks before the congress, I went and took 400 rubles from my savings account - this was how much the rent of the hall in Sokolniki cost then. It's easy to check now. But already at the congress, some businessman - he had a small restaurant on Preobrazhenskaya - gave a little money. Then other people began to help, but all this was not a lot of money. That's when we won the elections to the State Duma, the deputies began to receive salaries, official cars, official dachas appeared, and off it went ... What gave rise to the assertion that the Communist Party of the Soviet Union helped us? In 1991, I was nominated as a presidential candidate. And I specially looked for the vice president in a pair with me, so that I would be closer to the local nomenclature, so that at least something would help us. Found Andrey Fedorovich Zavidiy. He, with some of his own commercial structure, was sitting in the building of the Khoroshevsky district committee of the CPSU. A few years later, I accidentally learn from Alexander Nikolayevich Yakovlev that the CPSU Central Committee's affairs department actually allocated three million rubles for our election campaign. And that's two million dollars! But the communist Zavidia took everything for himself and said nothing to me. "
So, without much dust, on the one hand, he admitted, on the other hand, he fenced himself off from the fact that the KGB had allocated money for his company.
Marginal notes
Another confirmation that the LDPR is somehow connected with the KGB is that it was on the initiative of the natives of this party in the State Duma that parliamentary hearings were organized on the topic "The Concept of Public Security of Russia", which took place on November 28, 1995. They were organized by the State Duma Security Committee and the faction of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (scans of documents and the course of the hearings - http://mediamera.ru/post/10403).
And the head of the 5th KGB Directorate Philip Denisovich Bobkov helped to carry out the publication of the first 10,000 circulation of "Dead Water", according to V. Zaznobin, a representative of the author's team of the USSR VP of the USSR, who created the Concept (video https://youtu.be/7p87RjGA4tU?t = 39m55s).
In this sense, the role of V.V. and today it is not entirely clear, ambiguous. It was he who, after the Crimea in 2014, shouted from the rostrum about the empire, so much so that Vladimir Putin had to say at the end of his speech that everything said is the personal opinion of Zhirinovsky:
It was Zhirinovsky who urged to vote for Trump (right on English language- https://lenta.ru/news/2016/11/06/votefortrump/), in fact, he worked for the campaign headquarters of Clinton, who represented Trump in this way, almost an agent of the Kremlin.
In general, Zhirinovsky's role is probably the most incomprehensible of all Russian politicians, both now and then, in 1991.
By 1991, the country was already strangled by the coupon system. In fact, kar-points were introduced on many types of products, as during the war years.
The situation was favorable for the KGB. The Chekists were free in their actions. Kryuchkov tried to come up with a new label to replace the compromised concept of "enemy of the people." So much so that it could be stuck on anyone: from a cleaning lady to an academician and even a member of the Politburo. And finally, I pulled out from the KGB storehouse the ancient label - “agent of influence”. Andropov was going to introduce this phrase into the public consciousness, but did not have time. Kryuchkov, seeing how almost the entire country was turning into a gigantic "agent of influence", tried to saturate him with specifics, but everything ended in another embarrassment. There are more “agents of influence” on the Lubyanka itself than anywhere else.
The aforementioned dignitaries very soon disappeared into political and state - administrative oblivion, and Vladimir Zhirinovsky became a strong figure. His position can be judged by two scenes. The LDPR once organized a special flight with humanitarian aid to Saddam Hussein. The international situation was complicated, the official position of the Russian Federation was uncertain, and the plane was detained at the airport. And then Zhirinovsky threatened to ruin the discussion of the state budget (!) In the State Duma, if they do not take off! And they took off.
Another scene ... Beforehand, it must be said that all over the world, in the USSR and in Russia, the Minister of Foreign Affairs is in a special position. In the USSR - a member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee, like Molotov, for example, who was officially listed in the status of "leaders". The head of the Foreign Ministry is a member of the government formally, he is not subordinate to the Prime Minister, but directly to the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the president. And then one day our Foreign Minister Igor Ivanov was walking through the foyer of the State Duma. Then Vladimir Zhirinovsky saw him and shouted in a familiar, familiar manner, pointing at him to journalists:
"Here comes the best foreign minister of all times and peoples!"
It is impossible to imagine that anyone would behave like that in the presence of Molotov or Gromyko. Of course, times and circumstances are different now, but not to the same extent ... The Minister of Foreign Affairs is the highest spheres of real power, and Zhirinovsky - he would never have dared to be so familiar if he had no reason, real weight.
Igor Ivanov walked by, smiling embarrassedly. By the way, where is he now? Does anyone remember him?
Here is the "pseudo-party" for you (as he once described, here is the irony, that very Philip Denisovich Bobkov, deputy chairman of the KGB, head of the ominous fifth department - for the fight against dissent). As it seemed to many then - an artificial formation that will inevitably disintegrate under the winds of time.
However, no. The Liberal Democratic Party today is an established, strong political organization that expresses the interests, views, thoughts and feelings of a significant part of the population, supported by the electorate. For many years it was believed that the leader's extravagant, simply indecent, and even shameful behavior would reduce the number of its supporters to zero, but nevertheless, the party - the project has been surviving all these years, receiving funding from the federal budget.
On the national leader's project of the Liberal Democratic Party
If in primitive communal times the entire tribe created a leader for itself, today the tribe of filmmakers and journalists creates leaders for all others, irresponsibly manipulating public opinion in a thoughtless - crowd - "elite" society. As a result, even those who, in their personal qualities, would not have been able to undergo initiation into adulthood in primitive times, become "leaders".
The “leader” created in the global and regional information “village” by the mass media cannot be anything but a tool for solving some short-term (within the time limit active life one generation) tasks. With the departure (or elimination) of the leader, self-government of society according to the concept of national leaderism is doomed to loss of stability and transition to a different concept. This deprives the concept of national leaderism of long-term historical perspectives in modern conditions, but the transition of public self-government to it, nevertheless, is possible as a short-term episode, if supporters of other concepts show their incapacity. In the meantime, leaders of various sects of national leaderism are creating structures and a social base from youth, who understands that their future was initially eaten by the sov-party nomenclature and the usurers-democratizers. If they are not shown other perspectives, they will follow the leader to the end resolutely and mercilessly, as was the case in Germany in the 1930s; and they are actively preparing for the difficulties of a campaign unknown to them (this is the main thing in the national leaderism of our time), intended for them by the masters of the "leader" (the "leader" also does not know where he will lead).
The most massive party, portrayed as a national leader in the current abundance of parties, and perceived by many in this capacity, is the Liberal Democratic Party.
It is likely that the popularity of Zhirinovsky (LDPR) rests on the fact that some part of the population (let everyone choose their characteristics according to their opinion and understanding) identifies themselves with him, sees him as their own peasant on the board. Representatives of this part of the population would also like to get upstairs and show their best, with impunity, in front of the whole country.
In the Liberal Democratic Party and Zhirinovsky, they sublimate their aggressiveness and obedience at the same time. Aggressiveness towards all sorts of "smart people", towards the weak, towards migrants, in general towards other countries. Obedience - - to the strong, power.
But one should not superficially perceive the image created by the media as true, and on this basis build one's opinion about the Liberal Democratic Party. We will turn our attention to some facts.
- The current Constitution of Russia exists largely due to the fact that V.V. Zhirinovsky recommended to his electorate in the 1993 Duma elections to support this Constitution.
- At the suggestion of the Liberal Democratic Party, the Duma of the convocation of 1993 adopted a law, according to which the events of November 7 (October 25, old style) of 1917 are qualified as illegal, anti-people coup d'état... On this basis, all subsequent legislative and state acts are considered invalid. And the date on the eve of which the period of illegality of Soviet power ends: December 5, 1936 is named. And in Pravda about this there was a hysteria under the title "With an ax to history." If we approach the essence, then the 1993 Duma convocation of the Law adopted at the suggestion of the Liberal Democratic Party, declared Trotskyism a crime against the peoples of the USSR. By announcing the date of December 5, 1936, the Law creates a legal prerequisite for the transfer of state administration in Russia to legislative framework which meets the norms of the 1936 Constitution of the USSR. And the allegedly communist newspaper Pravda, allegedly grieving over the loss of the people's socialist gains with the collapse of the USSR, when it receives news of the Law adopted by the Duma at the suggestion of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, goes into hysterics ... There is something to think about.
- In December 1994, the Liberal Democratic Party supported the government's attempt to restore control of the federal authorities over Chechnya by armed means, and in July 1995, it condemned the peace negotiations with the Chechen leadership and called for the resumption of full-scale hostilities. In general, by the end of the activities of the State Duma of the first convocation, the positions of the LDPR, while maintaining the previous opposition rhetoric, became more and more pro-government.
- In the spring of 1998, the LDPR repeatedly changed its position on the approval of Sergei Kiriyenko as the new prime minister (instead of the ousted Viktor Chernomyrdin), but ultimately voted for Kiriyenko to "preserve" the State Duma.
- In August 1998, the faction first twice supported Chernomyrdin's candidacy for the post of prime minister and on September 11, 1998 voted against the approval of Yevgeny Primakov as the new prime minister (it was obvious that Primakov would be approved without the votes of the LDPR members).
- In the spring of 1999, the Liberal Democratic Party actively opposed the impeachment of President Yeltsin, during the vote on the charges against the President on May 12, 1999, members of the faction did not take ballots.
- In January-February 2000, during the election of the leadership of the State Duma of the Russian Federation, the LDPR actually supported the agreement of the Communist Party and Unity factions on the distribution of posts.
- In general, in the State Duma of the third convocation, the LDPR faction almost completely supported the activities of the Kasyanov government.
The main problem of national leaderism during the change of generations is the legitimization of the leader-heir: with a living "leader" the second full-fledged leader in the social system is redundant, for what reason applicants for this position are destroyed as enemies of the regime; after the death of the "leader" - there is no capable successor, there are only miserable imitators, since all potential successors carefully mowed each other out during his lifetime, and he really did not have the opportunity to protect them, otherwise someone would have mowed him down. Therefore, an alternative to non-hereditary national leaderism is the concept of dynastic, hereditary national leaderism.
While in the 1990s the liberal-bourgeois "democratizers" embodied state power, they managed to corrupt several generations. And precisely because of this, Russia in 2005 faced problems that in the mid-1990s. were only in their infancy. We are talking about the so-called "skinheads". However, one must understand that “skinheads” are not cool ideologically (conceptually) youthful Nazism, but one of the many forms into which teenage criminality is poured out in our time - an inalienable attribute of any crowd- “elite” society.
The essence of the emergence of juvenile delinquency is that by the beginning age period, when, in accordance with the genetic program of the organism's development, the sexual instincts and instincts of herd-schooling behavior are activated, which are characteristic of biological species“Homo sapiens”, adolescents in a defective pedagogical system do not have time to get adequate answers to questions about the meaning of life of an individual and society, about the skills of acquiring the meaning of life; do not have time to acquire the skills of volitional self-control, allowing them to be dominant over instincts.
As a result, the instincts of sexual attraction and herd-gregarious behavior turn out to be dominant over them in situations where it is socially inappropriate (in particular, this is the reason for "bullying" in armed forces, street carnages by football and other "fans"). Is this why, for some part of the youth, the image of unbridled Zhirinovsky is attractive?
What forms the instability of the psyche will take under the influence of sex hormones and the instincts of herd-gregarious behavior is a matter of life specifics, which changes from era to era. Our time is such that for a teenager who is improperly brought up by parents, school, television and the street, being a “skin” is “cool”, and “cool” is expressed in attacks on those who are perceived as ethnically alien: and a pack of animals knows no pity and mercy. However, the "flock" almost instantly turns into a cowardly herd, if it is properly shouted or the "leader" is slain.
And in order for this adolescent movement of "skinheads" to subsequently grow into real Nazism of adults, "intellectuals" are needed who will write a kind of "Bible of nationalism", as happened in Germany in the 1920s. The role of such a "Bible of nationalism" - German - was played by "Mein Kampf" by A. Hitler.
However, for Russia, "Mein Kampf" cannot play the role of the "Bible of Nationalism", since the population of the USSR and Russia is regarded in it as racially inferior - subhuman, subject to ruthless destruction, although there are some idiots idiots worshiping Hitler.
Of course, the LDPR program cannot become such a Bible either.
Neither in the 1990s, nor later did the Liberal Democratic Party, which in those years were viewed by many analysts as a party of a national leaderist character, did not gain dominance in state power. In many respects, this is the merit of V.V. Zhirinovsky himself, whose unrestrained, boorishly licentious behavior in public kept and keeps many people from voting for his party.
Another multinational leader-driven scenario ended in 1998 with the assassination of General Lev Rokhlin at his dacha. Another candidate for the leader (Minister of Internal Affairs Kulikov), whose Bonapartist aspirations were then rumored, was relieved of his post.
Another contender for such a role was in 2005 D. Rogozin with the Rodina party, which is more likely presented by the media as a “nationalist” party than it is in essence. Then Rogozin's "Rodina" rather played the role of "additional LDPR" for the canalization of part of the protest potential in 2005.
And Vladimir Putin, on whom many are trying to impose a scenario of national leaderism, is shirking the role of the “father of nations” and “Leader of All Russia,” pursuing some kind of incomprehensible policy for these “many”. Therefore, at present, the national-leaderist scenario is hopeless in the same way as it was in the mid-1990s, as in the mid-2000s.
So what is interesting about V.V. Zhirinovsky turns out to be balancing act: the seemingly scandalous party and the seemingly scandalous leader never once and not a bit opposed the government. They called themselves the opposition - and at the same time contributed to the passage of all the bills of the ruling United Russia. Zhirinovsky was once asked in 2004:
"If the president suddenly wants to initiate a revision of the Constitution, will you support it?"
It was about a possible third term for Putin. Zhirinovsky immediately replied:
“With pleasure, we are just waiting for this. Why do some people envy me? So it coincides: the president wants, and we have been asking for this for a long time! "
This will continue for a long time. To the mutual feeling of deep satisfaction of the authorities, the party and its electorate. Someone, supporting Zhirinovsky, enjoys courage, someone thinks that in this way one can express a protest.
The Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, with its seemingly violent rhetoric, satisfies the moods of certain social groups, it sort of divides them, accepts them, makes them its own and thereby extinguishes - channels, releases aggression. If it were not for the Liberal Democratic Party, the electorate of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, for example, would have increased by exactly the same number of votes (very active).
But there is another aspect of the issue of the LDPR coming to state power: the LDPR is not only a political project, but also a commercial enterprise under the guise of a political project. And this commercial component for the most part prevails over the political one in its activities. Therefore, the national leader's scenario was not implemented by her in the 1990s.
Income and expenses
As you can see, from year to year funding of the LDPR from the federal budget is constantly increasing. Here are the data for 2015.
In 2015, the Liberal Democratic Party received 1,130,845.5 thousand rubles (third place among political parties in Russia), and spent 1,483,567.7 thousand rubles. The main share of the LDPR's income in 2015 was state funding (for the votes received in the elections) - 74.6% of income and only 0.03% of membership fees. This structure of income in 2015 is typical for all Russian “parliamentary parties”.
The structure of LDPR expenses in 2015 was as follows:
- The content of the governing bodies of the party - 1.9%;
- Content of regional branches - 4.1%;
- Transfers to electoral funds - 10.3%;
- Agitation and propaganda activities (establishment and maintenance of their own media, news agencies, printing houses, educational institutions, as well as the release of propaganda materials) - 52.8%;
- Public events, conventions, meetings and the like - 15.0%
- Other expenses - 15.9%. (Report. The financial activities of parties on the eve of the elections of the State Duma deputies - https://www.golosinfo.org/ru/articles/103801).
How the financing of parliamentary parties, including the Liberal Democratic Party, looks like, in the dynamics of years, can be seen in Table 1, which is given below.
Table 1. Revenues of political parties receiving government funding
https://www.golosinfo.org/ru/articles/103801
The structure of expenditures of the largest political parties is of interest to voters, if only because they receive a significant part of the funds from the state budget, in fact, from the funds of the voters themselves (some of the Big Five members have a share of federal budget revenues in the structure of party revenues exceeding 90% and no one falls below 2/3).
table 2... Expenditure structure of political parties receiving state funding, 2015
| Party name | Costs in 2015, thousand rubles | The content of the leading bodies of the party, in% | Content of regional branches, in% | Transferred to electoral funds, in% | Agitation and propaganda activities, in% | Public events, conventions, meetings, etc., in% | Other expenses, in% |
| "United Russia" | 4 292 304,6 | 13,2 | 45,5 | 8,5 | 14,3 | 17,2 | 1,3 |
| Communist Party | 1 458 736,1 | 22,4 | 36,5 | 4,8 | 30,4 | 4,8 | 1,1 |
| 1 483 567,7 | 1,9 | 4,1 | 10,3 | 52,8 | 15 | 15,9 | |
| "Fair Russia" | 1 070 972,9 | 15,9 | 19,2 | 13 | 44,1 | 3 | 4,8 |
| "Apple" | 231 917,5 | 3,2 | 22,2 | 35,9 | 3,3 | 3,4 | 32,1 |
Note... Campaigning and propaganda activities are understood as: the establishment and maintenance of their own media, news agencies, printing houses, educational institutions, as well as directly propaganda activities, consisting in the release of propaganda materials. Public events are any public events, including conventions, conferences, etc. https://www.golosinfo.org/ru/articles/103801
The Liberal Democratic Party spends the largest share of its own funds on agitation and propaganda work - more than half of its budget. Also noteworthy is the extremely insignificant share that is officially spent on maintaining the party apparatus, both in Moscow and in the regions. The regional network practically does not develop, the party lives exclusively at the expense of its federal brand, without plunging into regional problems. Even the political agitation that can be seen throughout the country is mostly typical, without taking into account local specifics. A large share of expenses occurs under the item "Other expenses". When analyzing them, it is easy to find that they include mainly transport services and the placement of advertising and campaign materials.
In 2015, the LDPR significantly exceeded other parliamentary parties in terms of the share of expenditures for campaign purposes and had the smallest share of expenditures for maintaining the central leadership and regional branches. Thus, the LDPR practically focuses on activities at the federal level.
Who is Vladimir Zhirinovsky?
The unusually successful career of a prominent politician keeps a lot of mysteries: from the moment of birth, how the party was created, why and for what purpose he flew to Iraq, Libya, Turkey, that he was welcome everywhere thanks to the invisible and powerful support of the Pope and his friends and patrons from the USSR secret services and Israel, that the cooperative "Ino" was created as an annex to a special decision of the Moscow City Committee of the CPSU in the spring of 1989 to financially support the LDPSS party, which was headed by Vladimir son of Wolf, etc.
Until 2001, Zhirinovsky hid that his father's surname was not Zhirinovsky, but Eidelstein, that his father's name was not Wolf Andreevich, but Wolf Isaakovich, that he did not die in a car accident, but left in 1946 for Poland, and then for the United States. In 2001, Zhirinovsky himself told about this in the book "Ivan, smell your soul!" However, in all official biographies it is still written: father - Zhirinovsky Wolf Andreevich, Russian, died in 1946.
Anyone has the right to hide what he wants to hide. But not a politician, they say in the West. For a politician, this is like death. However, with us, it turns out, and a politician can get away with it. Anyway, after all, voters do not vote for Zhirinovsky's passport, not for his profile, but for his personality, for the party.
Here is what Wikipedia writes about this:
“Zhirinovsky's father is Wolf Isaakovich Eidelstein (1907-1983). Buried in Israel. Uncle - Aaron Isaakovich Eidelstein, cousin - Yitzhak Eidelstein. Vladimir himself was brought up in a Russian family, he did not know his biological father. Stepfather - Vladimir Andreevich Zhirinovsky. Zhirinovsky's grandfather, Isaac (Aizik) Eidelstein, was a well-known industrialist and respected person in the Kostopol district (then Poland, now the Rivne region of Ukraine). He had his own woodworking factory, which employed 200 people. On its territory functioned Railway, through which finished products were sent to Europe. In 1939, after the annexation of Western Ukraine to the Ukrainian SSR, the factory was nationalized. The same fate befell the house where the Eidelsteins lived with their children. And the Italian fascists who invaded the city removed a large amount of equipment from the enterprise. In the documents of the archive for 1944, the list of industrial facilities destroyed by the Germans also includes the factory of Itsek Aizik Eidelstein. He was also a co-owner of the local football team Trumpeldor.
In 2007 V. Zhirinovsky presented the book "My Father", where he confirmed his origin and real surname (http://www.spb.kp.ru/daily/23892/66411/).
In fact, the Liberal Democratic Party is a “party of one person,” and its program, according to a number of political scientists, does not correspond to the principles of either liberalism or liberal democracy.
As a politician, he is all about paradoxes. The herald of Russian nationalism in its most defiant form and at the same time a person whose origin causes suspicion among those who put the principle of "blood and soil" above all else in this life. A politician who combines, on the one hand, extreme aggression, and on the other, extreme controllability. A person who is able to plunge himself into a state of absolute fury in public, while maintaining internal indifference. Almost fascist, but also the first Russian politician, who spoke about politics in a language accessible to the mass perception.
It would probably be intellectually unfair to forget about one more function of Zhirinovsky. As you know, he began as an operetta embodiment of liberal-democratic principles, but very quickly, at the very beginning of the nineties, he became the bearer of an ultra-state ideology.
Topics related to the changed geopolitical position of Russia in the 90s, with a sharp weakening Russian state and institutions of power, the lack of rights of ethnic Russians in the near abroad, growing irritation towards the West, was originally voiced by Zhirinovsky. In this sense, he is certainly a person of either accurate political intuition or great awareness.
As a result, a mutually beneficial, extremely instrumental relationship developed. Why Zhirinovsky needs the support of the authorities is clear and without explanation. Zhirinovsky is needed by the authorities in several qualities at once:
- accumulator of protest voices;
- a psychological and partly ideological constraint on the communists;
- reliable partner during voting in the Duma;
- finally, a person through whom it is possible to voice some particularly risky initiatives, to carry out sounding in the "elites" and public opinion;
The position and principles of the party's activities often do not coincide with their slogans, and this is no coincidence, since the party-project has clearly defined goals, which allows them to stay afloat.
Remember how many politicians, since 1991, have surfaced and disappeared into oblivion. Moreover, their status was not like Zhirinovsky, the top of his career is the vice-speaker of the State Duma. How many of Yeltsin's likely successors from among the older generation ended up in decorative positions like ambassador to the near abroad? All of them have retired and practically do not appear in the information field.
But not Zhirinovsky. Rapidly bursting into the air during the first presidential elections in 1991 and taking an honorable third place in them, he continues to remain at the top of the information field and regularly draw attention to himself.
First of all, he succeeds thanks to scandals and insults. At first, he blamed the Jews for all the troubles, which is especially noteworthy if you know the biography of Vladimir Volfovich, the son of Volf Isaakovich. This is probably why not a single criminal case on the fact of anti-Semitism has been so initiated against him. Then he dragged his female colleagues in the State Duma by the hair. Again, without any consequences.
Then, on the air, he splashed juice in the face of the very potential successor of Yeltsin, who before his death worked in Yaroslavl regional Duma(Boris Nemtsov is our comment). Then he insulted the Chinese, Ukrainians, Kazakhs and Kyrgyz. China chose not to notice, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan declared Zhirinovsky persona non grata, that is, the punishment can hardly be called terrible. Insults to George W. Bush and his administration - zero reaction. He called the residents of the Urals stupid - the court dismissed the claim against the offended resident of Perm.
That is, all 27 years of Zhirinovsky's public political activity is 27 years of unpunished insults of both private individuals and entire nations, both politicians and ordinary people, both Russian citizens and foreigners. This is a very important point that exactly goes unpunished. Zhirinovsky was never brought to justice, he never had to seriously apologize, and not dodge and say that, they say, he was misunderstood.
Conclusion
For a long time even those percentages of the nuclear electorate of the Liberal Democratic Party who regularly provide Zhirinovsky with a platform for speeches in the State Duma do not believe in arguments like "Zhirinovsky's heart for the Russians" has long been disbelieved. According to sociologists, people usually vote for Zhirinovsky or the Liberal Democratic Party in federal elections either in protest against politics in general, or "for fun." The VVZh personally and his party experienced the strongest decline in 1999-2000, when Vladimir Putin came to power and became the candidate of hope. And as a result - 5.9% of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (a total of 17 seats in the State Duma) and 2.7% of the votes of Zhirinovsky as a presidential candidate.
According to VTsIOM's data on the role of parties in the life of the country, it turns out that the majority of Russians think that today the importance of political parties in our country is not very significant. Many respondents are sure that in general there is only one strong party - United Russia, and the rest of the parties do not play a significant role in the political field of the country. At the same time, a significant percentage of the population believes that Russia still needs a multi-party system and strong competitive political parties, since without this it is impossible to build a modern society.
Similar questions arise with respect to the Liberal Democratic Party - what is its role in the political arena?
Why is Zhirinovsky needed and did the Russian people get any benefit from him? What is the use of scandals and outrageous performances? To what extent does the Russian government need it (mind you, it is the government, not the people)?
From time immemorial, every king had a court jester, loudly voicing the thoughts that the authorities tried to convey to the people without censorship. Zhirinovsky sometimes reminds in the modern guise of the court jester of our government.
The proof of this is that the LDPR party NEVER runs into power and it always wins a lot of mandates in elections. And under such living conditions as Zhirinovsky's, hardly anyone will betray their principles and refuse the state feeding trough. Moreover, above we have cited some facts indicating that his role is deeper than that of a simple jester. Therefore, in conclusion, we suggest watching the aria of Mr. X, performed by Vladimir Volfovich:
