Approved by the Russian government on Thursday, October 18, the draft law "On the protection of public health from the effects of second hand tobacco smoke and the consequences of tobacco consumption" should be submitted to the State Duma which is expected to proceed with its consideration immediately. Back in April 2008, Russia joined the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, and now it must bring national legislation into line with the requirements of this document. According to the draft law, smoking should be prohibited in the territories and premises intended for the provision of services in the field of social protection, education, culture, youth policy, physical education and sports, state and municipal services. In addition, smokers will be prohibited from smoking on urban and suburban vehicles, in open areas at a distance of less than 10 m from the entrances to the premises of railway stations, bus stations, airports, ports, metro stations, as well as in the premises of these facilities. Smoke-free zones will be workplaces and work areas, common areas of residential apartment buildings, playgrounds and beaches. Finally, the draft law provides for a gradual ban on smoking in areas and premises intended for the provision of medical and health-improving services, on long-distance trains, on aircraft and long-distance navigation vessels, in premises intended for the provision of housing services, personal services, and trade services. , Catering and markets, as well as in non-stationary trade facilities. In addition, the document stipulates a ban on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship, as well as a ban on the demonstration of tobacco products and the process of smoking. Forbes has selected ten countries where such bans have been in place for years: most states have introduced them in accordance with the WHO convention, but some are well ahead of it.

Finland

Year of prohibition: 1977

Where smoking is allowed: outdoors outside public places and at home

Fine for smokers: €50-150, minors face jail time

Finland is a pioneer in the fight against smoking and smokers: anti-smoking legislation was put into effect here before anyone else, there are some of the most stringent restrictions (not so long ago, for example, it was forbidden to smoke even on your own balcony - smoke can reach non-smoking neighbors) and the toughest penalties for underage smokers. Which is not surprising, given that the country intends to become completely non-smoking by 2040. The goal seems quite achievable: today only every fifth inhabitant of Finland cannot deny himself a cigarette.

Ireland

Year of the ban: 2004

Where it is allowed to smoke: in specially designated areas in hotels, on the streets, in prisons, boarding schools and psychiatric clinics

Fine for smokers: €3000

The Irish authorities were the first to enforce the bans provided for by the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: it was adopted in May 2003, and since the beginning of 2004, all pubs, restaurants and cafes on the Emerald Isle have been banned. Smokers who want to combine a cigarette with beer have to get up from the table and move to the street, where special places are equipped for them (owners who do not do this and allow smoking indoors face a €10,000 fine). But, as a rule, no one will ask them where the person went with a glass of beer and a pack of cigarettes in his hands - but for those who go to the exit without a cigarette, such curiosity cannot be avoided.

Sweden

Year of the ban: 2005

Where smoking is allowed: in bars and restaurants in special rooms isolated from other rooms, without the right to eat and drink in them

Fine for smokers: up to €100

The Swedes, like the Finns, are determined to completely get rid of the bad habit by the middle of the century - for which they are passing increasingly stringent anti-smoking laws. But smokers are also inventing new ways to get around the bans. For example, it has become common to turn restaurants into private clubs with individual memberships: such places are among the establishments without free access, and in them the owners can set their own rules regarding smoking.

Great Britain

Year of the ban: 2006-2007 (staged in different parts of the UK)

Where smoking is allowed: in private apartments, hotels (in rooms) and prisons, outdoors

Fine for smokers: up to £2500

In the legislation of the United Kingdom, there is a separate ban on smoking in football stadiums - throughout the territory. As for all other places, it all depends on where the case takes place. For example, in England you can smoke at the station or at the bus stop public transport, and in Scotland you can be fined £50 for this.

Germany

Year of the ban: 2008

Where smoking is allowed: in specially equipped rooms in public places, in hotels

Fine for smokers: €25-250

Although in the modern history of Western Europe Finland holds the palm in the fight against smoking, in the more distant past it belonged to Germany: here the first significant bans were adopted back in the late 1930s by the authorities of the Third Reich. This circumstance was repeatedly recalled to the fighters against smoking by German smokers, dissatisfied with the fact that in last years they are deprived of the opportunity to please themselves even in a taxi - this type of transport in Germany is equated to public transport, where smoking is prohibited. Few of the owners of establishments or taxi drivers are ready to take risks and agree to the persuasion of smokers: after all, the punishment for smokers who met the requests is significant - €1000.

India

Year of the ban: 2008

Where is it allowed to smoke: outdoors or in specially equipped places

Fine for smokers: 200 rupees ($4.25)

Despite the fact that in India even hotels and restaurants have been declared smoke-free zones, not to mention government institutions and other public places, there are no fewer smokers in this country. There are still about 240 million of them, and although the fine for a cigarette lit in a public place is equal to the cost of a whole pack, Hindus often do not pay attention to prohibition signs.

France

Year of the ban: 2008

Where smoking is allowed: on the open terraces of restaurants and cafes, railway platforms and decks of motor ships

Fine for smokers: €68

For almost a year - from February 1, 2007 to January 1, 2008 - the French were allowed to smoke in restaurants, cafes and discos, but now they are places where smoking is prohibited. At enterprises and institutions for smokers, special rooms are equipped, but with an area of ​​\u200b\u200bno more than 35 square meters. m. and with a complete ban on the sale of any drinks - even water. True, unlike most other EU countries, the French authorities did not introduce large fines for the owners of establishments: violators will have to pay only twice as much as an impatient smoker - € 135. But now such scenes are not uncommon: the interiors of restaurants and cafes are almost empty, but on the open terrace you cannot find a free table during the day with fire.

Japan

Year of the ban: 2009

Where smoking is allowed: in specially equipped areas, in the open air (not in all cities and not on all streets)

Penalty for smokers: average - 1,000 yen ($13), maximum - 40,000 yen ($500)

Japan is categorical in the fight against phenomena that are recognized at the state level as threatening the health of the nation. In the Land of the Rising Sun, there are laws aimed at combating obesity and overweight - and of course, smokers are treated quite harshly here. In many cities, entire streets have appeared where you can’t even appear with a lit cigarette, not to mention blowing smoke. But on the same streets you can freely see advertising posters with smoking women. By the way, in Japan there are even special signs Pink colour, indicating that it is women who are allowed to smoke in this particular place - they did not think of this in Europe.

Year of prohibition: 2010 (more than half of the states)

Where smoking is allowed: at home, in specially equipped rooms in public places, in the open air

Penalty for smokers: on average $250-1000 (depending on the legislation of a particular state)

Two years ago, more than half of the US states passed laws restricting smoking in public places. Somewhere in the number of such places were only government agencies, medical, children's and sports organizations, in many states - restaurants, cafes and bars, but in some places they went further. For example, in New York, not only parks, but also the streets adjacent to them, were banned, and the famous Times Square was declared a completely non-smoking area. The toughest place for smokers is in California, where you can not smoke on any of the local beaches, not to mention other places. And in Illinois, you can go to jail for a year if you smoke in your own car in the presence of a child under eight years old, and pay up to $ 2,500 if you are the owner of a cafe and allowed smoking in your establishment.

Greece

Year of the ban: 2010

Where smoking is allowed: outdoors, at home and in designated areas

Fine for smokers: €50-200, up to €3,000 for smoking on public transport, up to €10,000 for multiple violations

Judging by the amount of fines provided by Greek law for smokers, this country should have been a leader in the fight against bad habits. In fact, the opposite happened: the Greeks not only hold the first place in the number of cigarettes per year per inhabitant - 3017 pieces, but also in the number of violators of prohibitions. As many owners of restaurants and cafes have admitted, they will not be very against if a person wants to smoke right at the table - despite the fact that the owner of the establishment faces a fine of €10,000 for this.

We tell how the Federal Law-15 on the ban on smoking in public places works: what fines are provided for smokers; where it is possible and where it is impossible to “smoke”; whether the restrictions of the law on smoking apply to summer cafes, balconies and porches.

the federal law Federal Law-15 "On protecting the health of citizens from the effects of second hand tobacco smoke and the consequences of tobacco consumption" was adopted in 2013. The smoking law severely restricted the rights of smokers, who were "forced out" from restaurants, sports facilities and other public places where it is no longer possible to "smoke". Amendments were made to the administrative code, toughening the responsibility for violators of Federal Law-15 on the prohibition of smoking. Smokers, as well as organizations that do not comply with established bans on tobacco smoking, face serious sanctions. According to Rospotrebnadzor, in the first half of 2017 alone, Russians were fined 60 million rubles as fines for smoking in a public place, as well as for other violations of Federal Law-15.

Let us tell you in more detail how the “anti-tobacco law” works: where you can and where you can’t smoke.

Where you can not smoke under the new law - 2019-2020.

A rather impressive list of places where tobacco use is prohibited is contained in Art. 12 FZ-15 on the prohibition of smoking. No smoking:

• in arr. And educational organizations(schools, technical schools, nurseries, etc.) - the ban applies not only to the premises, but also to the surrounding territory;
• in cultural and sports facilities (circuses, philharmonics, stadiums, etc.)
• in medical institutions, including clinics, hospitals and sanatoriums;
• on any type of public transport, both urban and suburban, and long-distance (trains, ships, aircraft, etc.) - the ban applies to train platforms and bus stops;
• at a distance of less than 15 meters from railway stations, airports and other transport facilities;
• in hostels, dormitories, hotels and other buildings where services for the placement of citizens are provided;
• in premises for trade and provision of services;
• in buildings where social institutions and services are located;
• in buildings where executive and legislative bodies of various levels are located;
• smoking in the workplace;
• in elevators and other public places of MKD;
• on playgrounds and beaches;
• You can't smoke at gas stations.

As can be seen from the list, the law on the ban on smoking in public places severely limited the rights of smokers. If earlier they could smoke safely in a cafe, in their office, in the vestibule of a train, now in these places, according to the law, a no-smoking sign should be hung. If you ignore the restriction, then there is a risk of getting a fine for smoking in a public place.

Where can?

Here the principle applies: everything that is not forbidden is allowed. Therefore, before taking a cigarette into the mouth, the smoker needs to make sure that he is in a place where the ban on smoking does not apply. Restrictions do not apply to:

• outdoor places away (more than 15 meters) from public institutions, transport stops, sports and cultural facilities;
• isolated living quarters for personal use (you cannot forbid a person to smoke in his toilet, the law does not say anything about smoking on the balcony of his apartment);
  specially equipped smoking areas, they are also smoking rooms, which can be organized both at the enterprise and in cafes, in MKD and other buildings.

What should a smoking room look like in 2019?

Requirements for the organization of specially designated smoking areas are established by the law on smoking in public places. In 2018 and 2019, these rules have not changed.

A smoking room on the street should have:

• sign "smoking area";
• lighting at night;
• ashtray.

The smoking room in the room should:

• be isolated so that non-smoking workers do not smell smoke;
• be ventilated (for similar purposes);
• sign "Smoking area";
• ashtray;
• fire extinguisher.

Fine for smoking in a public place - how much to pay in 2019-2020?

There are several articles in the Code of Administrative Offenses that provide for punishment in the form of fines for violating the ban on smoking and other restrictions established by Federal Law-15:

1. article 6.23 provides for a fine for involving minors in tobacco smoking: from 1,000 to 2,000 rubles - for citizens; from 2,000 to 3,000 rudders for the child's parents. This violation includes buying cigarettes for teenagers, "treating" them with tobacco products, and other violations;
2. article 6.24 provides for a fine for smoking in a public place - from 500 to 1000 rubles. A more severe punishment is provided for smoking on the playground - from 2,000 to 3,000 rubles;
3. Article 6.25 provides for liability for officials, legal entities and individual entrepreneurs for violating the law on smoking in terms of organizing specially equipped places for smokers or for ignoring the restrictions established by law. The minimum fine is 10,000 rubles, the maximum is 90,000 rubles.

Answers to popular questions

Can I smoke in the summer cafe?

It is forbidden. This is the position of Rospotrebnadzor, indicated in the letter dated 06/18/2014 N 01 / 6906-14-25. When establishing this ban, the supervisory authority proceeded from the fact that both the veranda and the terrace of the summer cafe are also used to provide catering services, and therefore are part of the premises.

Where can you smoke at the airport?

At the Airport, you can smoke in a special isolated smoking room, which is equipped with an exhaust hood, an ashtray and meets all the requirements of Federal Law-15 on a ban on smoking in public places. Such smoking rooms are equipped at most airports in the world, including Russian ones: Domodedovo, Vnukovo, Pulkovo. If the smoking room is closed, then smoking is allowed no closer than 15 meters from the airport.

Can I smoke on the balcony of my apartment?

No restrictions on smoking on the balcony of your own apartment have yet been established, although such initiatives periodically arise. However, if the smoke from a neighbor-smoker does not allow a normal life, a citizen has the right to file a civil lawsuit against him demanding compensation for damage. In court, you will have to prove that the neighbor's smoking is injurious to health and creates obstacles to the normal use of residential premises. To fix the violation of sanitary standards, you can invite specialists from Rospotrebnadzor. It will take a lot of time to collect all the necessary evidence, and the prospects for a lawsuit are vague, but there is still such a possibility in the law.

Nicotine addiction is one of global problems humanity. Popular in many parts of the world today healthy lifestyle life, so the fight against this addiction has become a matter of national importance. Prohibitions, fines, restrictions, anti-advertising and other methods are used in the fight against nicotine addiction. There are states where the use of tobacco is completely prohibited. And somewhere the law is not so strict or introduced only in some parts of the country.

The 2003 WHO International Convention on Smoking Control is currently supported by 168 countries around the world. The government of these states is taking active measures to eradicate nicotine addiction and reduce annual statistics. At the same time, somewhere anti-tobacco measures give a greater, and somewhere less effect. In which countries can you get a serious fine or other punishment for smoking?

Butane

It became the first country in the world to ban smoking in public places. This ban has been in effect since the 17th century to this day. The sale of tobacco here is strictly prohibited. The import of cigarettes is heavily taxed. There are heavy fines for not complying with the law. Tourists need to be careful: by treating a resident of this country with a cigarette, you risk getting into trouble in the form of a considerable fine, both of them. Therefore, only the rich or foreigners smoke here.

United Arab Emirates

An anti-tobacco campaign has been started here since 2004. Now smoking is banned throughout the country in public places. The violator is fined on a very large scale, or he even faces a prison. In the UAE, taxes strongly influence the price of cigarettes, so tobacco products are expensive here, although earlier (until 2003) they were the cheapest in the world. At the moment, tobacco is allowed to be sold to persons who have reached the age of majority and only in designated places.

An interesting fact: in the country it is not allowed to smoke with children under the age of 12, you can’t do this even in your car.

All these strong anti-tobacco measures have helped to reduce the percentage of the population using tobacco by more than 15% and keep the number of minors smoking at the same level.

Germany

Known for its strict anti-smoking laws. Back in the 1980s, smoking was banned in airport buildings and on airplanes. In 2008, there was a ban on the use of nicotine in other types of public transport, at work, in educational institutions. Later, the ban extended to catering establishments, if the hall was not specially rented.

Violation is punishable by severe penalties. At the same time, both the smoker and the employer or the owner of the premises are subject to financial punishment. Thanks to all these measures, today only 1/4 of the population is smokers, 80% of them are men. But in the country a large percentage of people who consume nicotine periodically - 14%.

Finland

The number of smokers here is rapidly declining. Restrictions apply to the sale and import of tobacco. Surprisingly, today the number of women who smoke is almost the same (12%) as men (18%). By 2040, the state plans to get rid of nicotine lovers completely. Today it is perhaps the most non-smoking country.

Ireland

It is famous for the largest fine for smoking among European countries, which is 3,000 euros.

Sweden

Cigarettes are not found on the shelves here, and the buyer must ask the seller about their availability.

It is noteworthy that in Finland and Sweden there are not only punitive measures, but also encouraging ones. For example, employees of public and sometimes private firms are entitled to bonuses if they managed to give up smoking.

These countries are now the undoubted winners in the anti-smoking fight, there are no more than 20% of smokers here. The plans of these states are 100% smoking cessation by 2050. There are a lot of prohibitions even now: you can’t smoke in rented cars, in public transport. In hotels, smoking guests are allocated special rooms.

Italy

Since 2005, there has been a law prohibiting smoking. In Italy, tobacco smoking is prohibited in public places, educational places or where there is a special prohibition sign. Interestingly, it is forbidden to smoke here with pregnant women and children. The fine for violating the law is impressive, it can be up to 500 euros. For the absence of a prohibition sign, the owner of the establishment can be fined up to 2,000 euros. The implementation of anti-smoking measures is monitored by the carabinieri and the police.

Today in Italy about 40% of the population use tobacco, of which less than 15% are women. At the same time, tobacco products are relatively inexpensive.

Austria

Half of the population in the country smokes, 32% of whom are women. And the number of the fair sex suffering from this addiction while growing. In places of public catering (more than 50 square meters), special smoking areas have been established, and the number of places for non-smoking visitors should be 2 times larger. If the premises are smaller than this area, then the issue of prohibition of a bad habit on its territory is decided by the owner himself.

Belgium

More than 60% of the inhabitants smoke here, but the proportion of women among them is only 20%. The smoking ban applies only to catering buildings.

Great Britain

The friends of nicotine here are only 30%, while women make up slightly less than half. Tobacco control began in 2006. The ban on smoking exists today in public places, catering establishments, in some modes of transport and in crowded places.

Czech

Nicotine addiction is experienced by 30% of the population, 15% of them women. You can smoke in almost all catering establishments, this is due to "loopholes" in the law. You can not use cigarettes at bus stops, but you can do it on the street. In many crowded establishments, it is forbidden to “smoke” visitors, but employees can easily do this in special places. In places of food there are halls for smokers and ordinary visitors. It is strictly forbidden to smoke in transport, but some trains have special cars for smokers.

Netherlands

Smokers here are about 30%. The ratio of male to female tobacco users is constant (70 to 30%). The use of nicotine is prohibited only in large cafes and bars.

Greece

The share of nicotine-dependent people here is about 40%. Only in 2010 it banned the use of tobacco in public squares. The size of the fine is considerable.

Spain

Interestingly, the percentage of smokers of both sexes is almost the same. The smoking ban applies to public places and catering buildings.

France

Since 2008, smoking has been banned in all public areas. About a quarter of the population consumes tobacco products.

Switzerland

Since 2008, the country began the fight against nicotine, and now only 30% of the population is associated with it. Federal smoking law is not always enforced locally. That is, the attitude towards bad habits in this country is rather contradictory.

USA

Formerly in the US smoking man perceived as modern and successful. But now a healthy lifestyle is becoming more and more popular in the country. Anti-tobacco laws vary from state to state, but smoking in public areas is prohibited everywhere. The country has adopted its rather effective anti-smoking measures: for example, the price of health insurance is much higher for smokers, it is more than three times higher than the usual one. Some states have imposed huge fines, up to and including prison.

India

Smokes in India, only 15% of the population. The smoking ban has been in place since 2008. Advertising of tobacco products is prohibited here. But, unfortunately, despite all the measures, mortality from passive smoking continues to grow.

Cuba

Country of the cult of cigars. Smokers - more than 50% of the population. The medical statistics of the country sadly states that the largest percentage of deaths here is from lung cancer. Since 2005, a ban on the use of nicotine in public places, transport, and educational institutions has been adopted.

Russia

The Russian Federation is one of the five most nicotine-dependent powers in the world. In Russia, 40% of all residents smoke (60% of men and 22% of women). At the same time, the indicators of the number of cigarettes per day are very high - 13-18 pieces, and they are relatively inexpensive in the country. Passive smokers are 80% of the population. The anti-tobacco law of 2013 gave a good positive result. The number of smokers is slowly decreasing.

And it's far from full list countries where nicotine use is prohibited. As it was indicated at the beginning of the article, there are about 170 such states, and their number is growing every year.

Is it necessary to fight nicotine addiction with such strict measures? Should non-smokers pay with their health for the pleasure of smokers? Each country decides these issues independently. But the effectiveness of tobacco control measures is already noticeable in the world today. Not surprisingly, by 2050, tobacco will completely disappear from the face of the Earth.

ALL PHOTOS

Right before the vote, First Deputy Head of the Committee for Health Protection Nikolai Gerasimenko (United Russia faction) spoke and noted that 429 deputies voted for the bill in the first reading, and 441 in the second reading. This, in his opinion, "proved that there are no tobacco lobbyists in the Duma."

"Except maybe for some who didn't vote," he said. After that, it crashed. From the second time, 441 deputies also voted for the adoption of the document, one voted against.

Provisions of the "anti-tobacco law"

From June 1, smoking rooms in Russia will remain only at enterprises and offices. True, a number of provisions will come into force on June 1, 2014. This is a ban on smoking in sanatoriums, on long-distance trains, on aircraft and long-distance ships, on urban and suburban transport, at a distance of less than 15 meters from the entrances to railway stations and airports or the metro, reminds RIA Novosti.

Also, from 2014 it will be forbidden to smoke in hotels, in public catering facilities, on the platforms of suburban railway stations. Under the bill, tobacco companies will be banned from holding lotteries and sponsoring festivals, and their correspondence with the authorities will be published. Cigarettes will be removed from shop windows - at the box office it is proposed to display only a price list for tobacco products.

In addition, the sale of electronic cigarettes and chewing tobacco blends such as nasvay is prohibited.

Member of the State Duma Committee on Education, ex-head of Rosobrazovanie Grigory Balykhin (ER) noted that the bill introduces a ban on smoking at the federal level, not only in schools but also in universities. This applies to both public and private educational institutions" said the parliamentarian.

The deputy is sure that with the adoption of the law "there will be fewer people who want to go outside for a smoke break." Moreover, he noted that amendments to the Code of Administrative Offenses are expected to provide for specific penalties for violating the law, he added. A number of deputies have already proposed to establish a fine for smoking in public places in the amount of three thousand rubles.

Expert: the effect will be noticed only after 5-7 years

The adopted "anti-tobacco law" will reduce the number of smokers, but the effect will become noticeable only after 5-7 years, the chief narcologist believes Novosibirsk region Ravil Terkulov.

"I believe that this is the right law, which is really aimed at preserving the country's social well-being, preserving the demographic potential and life expectancy. Such a method of" social pressure "should be," the expert said.

According to him, the country will be able to feel positive changes in about 5-7 years. However, this period may be extended, as opponents of the law will come up with various loopholes to get around the restrictions, the expert believes.

“But in general, restrictive measures will change the state of human consciousness. All the more so, greater obligations are imposed on the heads of enterprises as part of the creation of places for smoking, in which money must be invested. I think the directors will take this money from the same smokers,” Terkulov said.

The Federation Council also ardently supports restrictions

The Federation Council at its next meeting on February 20 will approve the "anti-tobacco law" adopted on Tuesday, Valery Ryazansky, head of the Upper House Social Policy Committee, said. According to him, the senators Active participation in the development of this bill.

In turn, the vice-speaker of the upper house, Svetlana Orlova, said that the "anti-tobacco law" adopted by the State Duma does not provide for such harsh measures against smokers as it is provided for in some countries abroad.

“Many EU countries now have very strict national legislation in place to protect non-smokers from exposure to harmful nicotine smoke, and violating national anti-smoking laws can lead to administrative penalties in the form of a fine, and in some cases even imprisonment,” Orlova explained.

At the same time, she added, the most stringent in the world today is the "anti-tobacco law" in Australia. "In this country, you cannot sell cigarettes in branded packs, and all cigarettes in the country are sold only in typical olive-green packs with mandatory photographs that demonstrate the harm caused by smoking to the human body. And other countries may introduce such measures. In particular , Great Britain, New Zealand, Norway and India have already announced their desire to follow the example of Australia," Orlova said.

For example, in Italy, according to her, there is a ban on smoking in indoor public places, you can’t smoke in the presence of children and pregnant women, violators face a fine of 600 euros. “Anti-tobacco laws are also in force in Finland and Spain, where violators can face a fine of up to a thousand euros, and in Finland it is forbidden to smoke even on the balcony of your own house,” Orlova said, adding that in addition to fines, violators in this country face criminal penalties.

Racing with the Dutch parliament: they banned smoking in public catering

Meanwhile, the second (lower) chamber of the States General (Parliament) of the Netherlands on the same day voted for a complete ban on smoking in all catering establishments, ITAR-TASS reports.

The law banning smoking in public places was introduced in the Netherlands five years ago, but later an indulgence was made for small bars and cafes, which are operated only by the owners themselves, and not by hired staff. There, smoking was allowed, or rather, left to the discretion of the owners of these establishments.

However, as shown by numerous inspections, despite the threat of fines, the ban was widely ignored in large bars, cafes, and nightclubs. Therefore, now the parliamentarians decided not to make exceptions for anyone, but to introduce a total ban with mandatory regular inspections.

Since June 1, 2014, a complete ban on smoking has been introduced in Russia in almost all so-called "public places". The main goal is officially the fight for the rights of non-smokers, as well as the prevention of smoking among the younger generation. We decided to pay attention to European experience such bans and evaluate its economic and social feasibility.

In Russia, from June 1, 2014, a complete ban on smoking is introduced in bars, restaurants, long-distance trains, hostels and hotels. Also, the open display of tobacco products in stores and their sale in kiosks will end in the summer.

In Europe, similar laws were introduced a few years earlier. Below is an overview of the opinions of the inhabitants of the Old World and some statistical indicators in connection with this ban.

In most European countries, there is a downward trend in the number of smoking citizens. Partly thanks to anti-tobacco policies, partly to preventive measures.

IN UK over a forty-year period, the number of smokers among men decreased from 51% to 22%, among women - from 41% to 19%. In Germany, the number of cigarettes smoked has fallen from 391 million to 225 million over the past decade. In Spain, smokers have decreased by 9.5%, notes Ciga Star.

The only European country where the smoking ban in public places did not affect the number of smokers is France.

Here, despite the fact that a hundred times more money is spent on the anti-tobacco campaign than on road safety, it has not been possible to reduce the number of smokers.

The proportion of the population who smoked dropped sharply in 2000 from 34.7% to 31.4% and then rose again to 33.7% in 2010.

A more or less tangible effect here is felt only from the increase in prices for tobacco products. Prices have risen by 40% since 2003, and even so, one in three French people still smoke today, notes Le Parisien.

According to 20 minutes, during France the absolute majority of the French are in favor of expanding the boundaries of the tobacco ban.

95% of the country's residents would like to limit smoking in vehicles carrying children. At the same time, the absolute majority belong to the category of citizens who marked their point of view as “very desirable”.

Examples of such restrictions are the United States, Canada, Australia and South Africa. Here, the cigarette is strictly prohibited in the car, where there are children. In this way, the Ministry of Health protects babies and teenagers from passive smoking.

In addition, 72% of the French surveyed would like to protect themselves from smoke during their holidays, namely on terraces and beaches. Many also spoke out in favor of a ban on smoking in public gardens.

In addition, the moment of release of neutral packs is discussed, without specifying the brand of cigarettes. According to sociologists, this will significantly reduce the craving for bad habits among young people.

A great success was the ban on smoking in the workplace for Ireland. In 2004, the country became the first in the world to ban smoking in the workplace. BBC News notes that the people of the country very quickly got used to the ban.

Many did not believe that it would be possible to eradicate cigarettes from the bars of the country - a pint of beer and a cigarette are traditional attributes of Irish culture. However, the doubts were in vain.

Today, the country's bars would rather overstay their license than violate anti-tobacco laws.

In addition, according to the Irish Department of Health, the smoking ban has already saved 3,700 lives.

Italy became one of the first European countries to ban smoking in public places, including cafes, restaurants and bars. There is also a ban on advertising of tobacco products. And at the end of 2013, the ban was extended to e-cigarettes.

Many Italian cities ban smoking not only indoors, but also in stadiums and parks. And in 2013, Health Minister Beatrice Lorenzin introduced a bill to protect passive smokers.

According to the bill, approved by the majority, you can not smoke in the presence of children, pregnant women and even in your own car.

However, even now there are opponents of the law who say that all categories of the population, including both non-smokers and smokers, have the right to make their own choice.

Also, putting too much emphasis on smoking cessation in schools can have the opposite effect: teenagers are always ready to try the forbidden fruit.

The National Institutes of Health has prepared a report on smoking among residents of the country. According to data for 2012, 10.8 million Italians (20.8%) are smokers, and 6.7 million (12.8%) smoked before, but managed to give up the bad habit. There are slightly more men among smokers than women, and in the south of the country and on the islands they smoke more often than in the central and northern regions.

As in most European countries, after the introduction of a ban on smoking in public places in Italy, the share of passive smoking has significantly decreased. But 11% of secondhand smokers are still exposed in bars, 7% in restaurants and 41% in the workplace.

For ten years, the number of smokers in Italy has decreased significantly. Doctors note the general positive influence ban on the health of citizens: for example, the number of heart attacks and strokes associated with the effects of smoking has fallen.

According to Pagine Mediche, tobacco companies are losing money compared to before the ban, with cigarette sales in Italy falling from 100 million kg to 85 million kg.

However, in 2012 the number of quit attempts decreased to 23% compared to 30% in 2007. There are now more than 300 anti-smoking centers in Italy.

Such centers at major hospitals and local health authorities offer professional medical and psychological help and often special approach to each patient.

According to European experts, in 2002 more than 70,000 Europeans died from the effects of passive smoking. Most EU countries now ban smoking in public places. best results succeeded in Belgium, Spain and Poland.

At the end of November 2009, the EU Parliament issued a recommendation to member countries of the union to introduce a complete ban on smoking in the workplace, as well as in all public places, including restaurants and bars.

In the German federal state of Baden-Württemberg, smoking is prohibited in the workplace, schools and kindergartens, hospitals and nursing homes, restaurants. The exception is separate rooms for smokers in restaurants and bars, where access is prohibited for persons under 18 years of age.

The ban on smoking in restaurants sometimes causes tragedies. So, the owner of one institution in the city of Balingen hanged himself, explaining in a suicide note that the ban is a direct path to the ruin and collapse of his life's work. It is noteworthy that he himself was a non-smoker. His bar has been thriving since 1977, until the patrons had to leave due to a new rule.

In Bavaria, the intention to crack down on smokers was voiced by Prime Minister Horst Seehofer in 2008. After a referendum in 2010, smoking was finally banned in catering establishments, and in 2012 the ban was extended to 34 Bavarian state-owned pleasure steamers. At the same time, the owners of private courts are free to decide whether to support the ban.

Among public places and events, an exception is made for Oktoberfest, but it is recommended to clarify the rules regarding smoking on the festival website.

Since 2009, smoking has been allowed in Berlin only in special restaurants for smokers, where minors are not allowed. There was an active debate about smoking in cafes and bars with hookah, and as a result, it was decided not to impose a ban if the institution does not sell alcohol.

Smoking is prohibited in all public buildings, including hospitals and hotels. At the same time, many hotel owners are unhappy with the law, worrying about the comfort of their guests.

Overall, Berlin is the first region in the country to support a pan-European initiative to protect the rights of non-smokers. The first ban on smoking in public places was introduced in June 2007, and as of January 1, 2007, tobacco smoke in the city has become significantly less, according to sanitary services.

In Bremen, smoking is allowed in special areas in restaurants and bars, as well as during outdoor events in special tents. Smoking is strictly prohibited near attractions.

In Hamburg, restaurants over 75 square meters are allowed to have smoking rooms or smoking rooms, provided they are smaller than the smoke-free rooms. The ban on smoking in public places was actively supported by Hamburg dentists, who immediately presented many options for whitening teeth for smokers who want to give up their bad habit.

But the federal state of Hesse has decided to weaken the strict ban on smoking in public places. Unlike, for example, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, since 2010 in Hesse it is possible to smoke at indoor events, as well as in casinos and outdoor tents. Places where smoking is allowed must be marked with special signs.

In Lower Saxony, a smoking ban applies in almost all public places. But in Saxony, on the contrary, it was allowed to smoke in the building of vocational schools, as well as in stadiums during football matches. Thuringia also bans not only conventional, but also electronic cigarettes, according to Rauchverbot Deutchland.

Since 2001, according to Zeit, the number of young people smoking in Germany has been halved, with a special role played by the ban on smoking in public places, which is in effect in one way or another in all federal states. According to a 2013 study, 72% of young Germans have never smoked. Experts argue that smoking denial is becoming a social norm for the younger generation.

Austria, later than neighboring countries, began discussing a law on the ban on smoking. Smoking in Austrian bars and coffee houses has a long historical tradition: even Mozart complained about thick tobacco smoke in public places. So the Austrians were reluctant to support the European initiative.

Even after the introduction of a ban on smoking in public places, about half of the establishments refused to comply with it, which led to the emergence of "smoking" tourism.

Restaurants and bars divide space into smoking and non-smoking areas, however, according to the Austrian Medical Association, the concentration of tobacco smoke everywhere remains hazardous to health, according to Augsburger Allgemeine.

As of 2013, every third person in the country smoked, and among teenagers and young people the number of smokers reached 40%.

In 2014 in Austria Debate has flared up again over the ban on smoking in restaurants. But according to some politicians, it would be unwise to introduce a complete ban, after thousands of establishment owners have invested heavily in the creation of special areas for smoking. In their opinion, the ban could lead to the fact that many establishments simply go bankrupt, according to Kurier.

At the same time, doctors note that the problem of passive smoking is relevant in the country, especially in restaurants and bars, where not only visitors suffer, but also non-smokers.