The issue of replacing and adjusting the plumbing system in a home often confronts people who decide to repair. The reason may be the redevelopment of the bathroom, the replacement of old pipes, etc. For such work, you do not need to certify the documentation in the regulatory authorities, and you can even do without the services of professional plumbers. The owner can do the plumbing in the house or apartment with his own hands. It is important to have the necessary tools, a minimum set of skills, as well as draw up a clear action plan and prepare a water supply scheme.

Plumbing in the apartment: what you need to know before installation

First of all, analyze your goals and objectives: what should be the rooms with plumbing, how and where the pipes will run approximately, how much time, effort and money you are willing to spend on updating the wiring. The system can be of two types:

Attention! You only risk learning about a leak from a water pipe immured in the wall from your neighbors.

For self-distribution of water supply at home, pipes made of plastic or metal-plastic are usually chosen. Cast iron, copper are not used because of the difficulties with their cutting, welding and other manipulations. Metal-plastic pipes are the best option for plumbing. But more often choose plastic. They are no less reliable and easy to install, and their low thermal conductivity is great for hot water supply (DHW).

Advice. Among plastics, polypropylene is the most successful option. True, for the connection you need a special welding device.

How to draw a diagram

The plumbing layout determines where, how and through pipes of what diameter the water will flow in your house. Compliance with standard installation methods will ensure proper and safe water supply. A sequential or tee scheme - one pipe is removed from the main, and all water consumers in the house are connected to it in turn. For cold water supply (HVS), experts recommend doing this:

• The 1st tee-outlet is directed to the faucet or shower with a tap in the bathroom;
• 2nd - on the sink, dishwasher and (if the second unit is located in the kitchen);
• 3rd - on the toilet drain;
• further - to the boiler and to the washing machine in the bathroom.

Attention! Hot water is bred in approximately the same way: a bathroom, and then a kitchen. Toilet, boiler, washing machine do not need hot water. Do not forget to install a non-return valve on the main cold water pipe. Otherwise, hot water will go the way for cold water.

The circuit is easy to install: each of the consumers is connected to the supply pipe using a tee. A significant disadvantage of this method is a different level of pressure. If several points of water consumption are working at the same time, the last one will have the lowest pressure. But this is solvable. Another drawback: during the repair of one of the elements of the system, you will have to turn off the water supply for everyone.

Comparison of tee and manifold schemes

The collector scheme assumes that the intermediary supplies water from the main conduit to the collector. All consumers of water are connected to it. The device provides equal pressure for everyone. A ball valve is mounted on each outlet pipe, which allows you to repair part of the system without compromising the performance of the rest. Wiring according to this scheme requires more space, as well as an increase in the number of pipes, taps and various connections and connectors. As a result, the option will cost the homeowner more.

Attention! It is problematic to hide the collector wiring of the water supply in the wall. You can disguise it in the floor, but the collector itself must remain open and have easy access.

Installation of domestic water supply from metal-plastic

After preparing the scheme, calculate how much and what materials you will need. It is better to buy everything with a small margin. The metal-plastic pipe bends. However, before the junction, it must have a flat area of ​​at least 5-7 cm. They are commutated by the press method or using compression fittings.

The second option is suitable only for an open type of water supply:

• measure and cut the pipe;
• chamfer it with a special calibrator;
• put the fitting nut on the pipe;
• insert the ring, and then the fitting itself;
• crimp with a pair of open end wrenches.

The weak point of this type of connection is leakage. Pipes must be inspected, the fitting must be tightened at least once a year.

Press clutch is performed as follows:

• cut the pipes to the required length;
• calibrate;
• put on the fitting and press it with a hand press. This connection is considered more reliable, but not collapsible.

How to make plumbing from plastic pipes

For connection using polypropylene pipes, it is best to take samples with a cross-sectional diameter of 25 mm and a wall thickness of 2.8 cm (for hot water - 3.2 cm). Perform work in the following sequence:

• cut strictly perpendicular with special scissors;
• mark the welding depth at the edges, which depends on the fitting;
• remove the middle layer of the pipe with a trimmer by 1-2 mm;
• prepare the welding machine with the appropriate nozzle;
• cooking takes about 7 seconds. at a temperature of about 250°C;
• welding should be started when the device heats up (the indicator goes out);
• slide the desired places on the pipes and the fitting onto the nozzle of the device, do not scroll;
• also, without scrolling, carefully and quickly connect the pipes or the pipe with the fitting to each other, pushing each other.

Wait a minute to cool. If the welding seam turned out to be not perpendicular or unreliable, it can be cut and the procedure repeated again.

Installation of plumbing at any stage of the process is best done with an assistant. The result depends on the accuracy of the calculations and the accuracy of the work.

Plumbing installation: video

A major renovation should start with a good plan. At the same time, the plumbing in the apartment requires the closest attention. How to design it correctly, which option to give preference to? Those who decide to repair or replace water pipes will have to think about this issue.

Incorrectly designed layout of water pipes is accompanied by many problems. And if problems in the water supply system were observed even before the repair, it's time to study the existing wiring in order to identify and eliminate the shortcomings. To do this, you should carefully understand all the subtleties.

We will tell you about the options for distributing water supply and help you decide on the choice of the optimal variety. And in order to make it easier to understand, the material is accompanied by schematic pictures and useful videos on the topic.

The task of creating a plumbing system in an apartment looks simple. It is necessary to deliver water from the central riser (risers) to each point of analysis. The list of such points in different apartments can be very different. A simplified version consists of a pair of sinks (in the kitchen and in the bathroom), as well as a toilet and a bathtub.

But modern realities dictate more complex schemes. In almost every apartment today there are additional household devices that also require tap water to operate.

Almost everywhere there is an automatic washing machine. More and more housewives are striving to supplement their kitchen with another useful technical unit - a machine for sanitizing dishes.

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In the bathrooms, in addition to the bathtub, modern shower cabins are installed, often equipped with additional options, such as hydromassage. A convenient plumbing fixture - a bidet - may appear next to the toilet.

Finally, in large apartments, the number of bathrooms is not limited to one. A couple of additional toilet bowls, one more shower cabin increase comfort for the tenants of the apartment, as well as the load on the plumbing system.

As a result, the requirements for the quality of the water supply system are increasing. Some devices are very sensitive, which largely depends on how well the piping layout is designed.

Competent design not only improves the performance of the plumbing system, but also reduces the cost of its installation and operation, and also facilitates repair work.

Most of the water supply systems that are being built, restored or modernized now are assembled, the work with which is covered in a number of popular articles on our site.

The main methods of distributing water supply in an apartment

There are two main schemes for distributing water supply in an apartment: tee, it is also sequential, as well as collector. Both schemes have certain advantages and disadvantages, so they are used for different situations. In addition, sometimes it makes sense to combine both of these schemes.

Method #1. Sequential (tee) scheme

This is the easiest way to design and implement plumbing in a typical apartment. Such a scheme consists of one common pipe, to which all devices are connected in series - consumers of cold tap water. In the same way, a hot water supply system is mounted in parallel.

The main pipe must be larger in diameter than the rest of the water supply, since it acts as a collector in this system. Tees are used to connect plumbing, so this scheme is often called a tee.

The principle of such a system is very simple both for design and for implementation. Water supply is organized in a similar way in almost all apartments built according to standard Soviet projects. One of its significant advantages is the small number of water pipes. Therefore, the cost of creating such a water supply system will be minimal.

This diagram demonstrates in sufficient detail the device and the principle of operation of a sequential water distribution scheme in an apartment, which is also called a tee

But such a plumbing system is suitable only for the small apartments described above with a small amount of plumbing. The fact is that the longer such a system, the lower the water pressure at the end of the pipeline. Plumbing fixtures connected at the end of the system will get less water, so their work may become incorrect.

Problems with a consistent water supply system also arise in the event of a breakdown of a faucet or tank. For the duration of the repair, or you will have to turn off the water supply from the supply riser. In small apartments, there is one riser (or two hot water and cold water), here the water is completely blocked.

Serial connection does not allow you to disconnect only one device from the water supply.

When organizing a tee connection scheme, tees with a threaded connection are often used, which should be carefully sealed during installation.

Experienced plumbers note a number of other problems associated with the maintenance of a tee water supply. Connection points are usually hidden under decorative trim and there is not always free access to them. As a result, when a leak occurs, it becomes not easy to identify a problem area.

Very often, to repair a water supply system, or you have to dismantle false panels, break walls, etc. And at the end of the repair work, it may be necessary to re-perform decorative finishing of the premises. But despite these shortcomings, the tee water supply system is quite in demand today.

This diagram allows you to visualize a set of elements that may be needed when creating a sequential plumbing layout in an apartment

It is considered the best solution when designing apartments with a small area. Such housing is distinguished by a budget price, and the serial connection of plumbing allows you to reduce the cost of its arrangement. At the same time, the pressure in the water supply system of small length remains quite high.

But in order to reduce the costs not only for the creation, but also for the operation of such a system, one should carefully consider the layout of pipes and tees, providing access to them if possible.

Also, do not save on plumbing at the expense of the quality of materials. All work must be carried out as best as possible to minimize the likelihood of breakdowns and leaks.

Method #2. Beam (collector) option

This wiring diagram is considered the best choice for large apartments, as well as where a large amount of plumbing is to be installed. A feature of this type of wiring is the presence of a collector. Water from a common riser is supplied first to the collector, and then to consumers, i.e. to plumbing fixtures.

This diagram clearly shows the device of the collector version of the water distribution in the apartment. The main flow of water is discharged to the collector, to which each item of plumbing is connected separately

Each consumer is connected separately, and not in series, as in the tee system described earlier. One of the main advantages of a collector water supply system is the uniform distribution of water throughout the system.

This means that the number of connected devices and the length of the water pipes do not reduce the pressure in the system for one of the consumers.

By design, the collector for the water supply is a relatively simple device. You can choose and install it yourself if you wish.

Another advantage of the collector system is the ability, in the event of a breakdown, to turn off only one plumbing fixture, and not the entire water supply in the apartment, as happens with a serial connection. The same circumstance allows you to personalize the characteristics of the plumbing system for each specific device.

To do this, the necessary devices are installed between the collector and the device, for example, filters, gearboxes, etc. It can be influenced: the flow of water can be increased or, conversely, reduced, cleaned of impurities or saturated with useful substances, etc. The disadvantages of the collector wiring diagram include the high cost of its creation.

Water pipes will need much more than when implementing a tee scheme. In addition, such a system is more complex, an inexperienced plumber may encounter problems already at the design stage.

To make a collector connection, you must first select a place for the collector from which the flow of cold water will be distributed.

The same device will be needed if the hot water supply in the apartment is also centralized. The hot water collector is installed separately.

Between the collectors and the common riser, water pipes are laid, on which a stopcock must be installed. It will allow, if necessary, to completely shut off the supply of hot and / or cold water to the apartment.

Depending on the situation, additional elements can be installed on this section of the water supply, for example, coarse filters or electric taps. When the collectors are installed, pipes are brought from them to each plumbing fixture.

To sinks, a bathtub, a shower stall, you usually need to lead both hot and cold water supplies. But to the toilet bowl or automatic washing machine you need to supply only cold water. If the apartment has one, it is connected to the hot water collector.

Additionally, the system may include filters, reducers and other useful devices. Of course, shut-off valves are installed between the collector and the consumer, which makes it possible to shut off the water only in this particular area, if such a need arises.

On large areas, it sometimes makes sense to combine a collector and a tee wiring diagram. At the same time, not one consumer, but several, is connected to one of the collector branches, connecting them in series with pipes. As a result, this part of the water supply will have the same disadvantages as any tee scheme.

For example, in the event of a breakdown, this part of the highway will have to be completely disconnected. But sometimes a combination of wiring diagrams can significantly reduce the cost of installing a water supply system. In addition, such a solution may be optimal for individual design of residential premises.

What you need to know about collectors

According to the principle of operation, the water collector is similar to a tee, only arranged a little more complicated. It has one input through which water enters, and several outputs for connecting plumbing.

At the same time, the dimensions of the inlet pipe are approximately 30% larger than the dimensions, so the flow of water to the collector is faster than its consumption, even if several consumers are involved simultaneously.

The water collector is not a very large device, the dimensions of which depend on the number of consumers of hot and cold water. Sometimes it is placed in the space under the sink

Thanks to the collector, a large stream is created in the system, which is then simply divided into several smaller streams. The pressure in all parts of the plumbing system remains stable, the pressure does not weaken. The capacity of the collector depends on the size of the device and is largely determined by the size of its inlet.

Modern collectors for water supply are made of various materials:

• brass;
• of stainless steel;
• polyethylene;
• polypropylene, etc.

Devices made of polymeric materials have sufficiently high strength characteristics, therefore, they quite successfully compete with metal counterparts. When choosing a collector, you should pay attention to the method of their installation. Metal products are usually equipped with traditional threaded connections.

Collectors for water supply differ in size, number of outlets, type of connection and other parameters. Before buying a collector, you should draft a plumbing system

For mounting on plastic or, which are increasingly used, manifolds are provided with special compression fittings or with fittings for soldering PVC pipes.

There are also devices with a mount called the Eurocone and a combined version, which provides for the possibility of using several different connection options.

Another important indicator is the number of taps, i.e. outlets for connecting plumbing fixtures. Usually their number varies from two to six pieces.

What to do if more consumers need to be connected to the collector? Everything is very simple, for this they connect two or three collectors with the required number of taps.

Usually the collector has from two to six outlets for connecting plumbing. To provide water to a larger number of consumers, it is necessary to make a composite collector from smaller devices.

For such a connection, additional branch pipes are provided on each collector. They are connected and thus receive a composite collector. Unnecessary for connection inputs on the collectors are closed with a protective plug, otherwise the water will simply flow out of the device.

Of course, there are collectors designed for cold and hot water supply. This obvious point should not be forgotten when choosing the right device.

Before choosing a collector, you should decide on the type of water pipes. Polymeric materials are considered the most common choice today. With them it will be more convenient to mount a collector made of polypropylene or cross-linked polyethylene. Typically, these manifolds are provided with a suitable fitting.

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Modern manifolds designed for parallel wiring in an apartment are usually already equipped with shut-off valves for each outlet. This is the most preferred solution, since it eliminates the need to install shut-off valves when installing each plumbing fixture.

As a result, the costs are lower, and the installation of the plumbing system will take much less time.

A check valve, necessary filters and metering devices are usually installed in front of the collector. Some collectors are equipped with built-in shut-off valves that allow you to shut off the tap water supply to the house. If we are talking about a brass manifold, then it is better to choose a model without such taps and install them separately.

A reliable metal manifold can last about half a century, but the life of faucets is usually limited to a couple of decades. If the built-in taps deteriorate, you will have to replace the entire device. But the replacement of taps installed separately will not affect the device.

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Common installation errors

Drawing up a project, both collector and tee, is best entrusted to professionals who are familiar with building codes and are able to perform hydraulic calculations. But even the best project will be useless if mistakes are made in its implementation.

Stopcocks are part of any water supply scheme: both sequential and manifold. They are installed at the entrance to the plumbing system, as well as in front of each plumbing fixture.

For example, some unfortunate craftsmen, driven by the thought of unreasonable savings, neglect the requirement to insulate hot water pipes that are laid under the floor or in the thickness of the walls.

As a result, part of the thermal energy is transferred to the materials surrounding the pipe, which degrades the quality of the water. In addition, condensation from the surface of pipes without thermal insulation can damage the finish of the room.

During installation work, experienced craftsmen recommend closing the ends of pipes that have not yet been installed so that debris does not get into them. The absence of this protective measure can lead to the fact that immediately after installation, the water supply system will have to be thoroughly and for a long time flushed or even repaired.

When soldering polypropylene water pipes, remember that small dirt or moisture at the soldering point can significantly impair the quality of work.

If necessary, all work should be carried out in a clean room to avoid contamination. It is also unacceptable to solder pipes on which even a small amount of moisture is present. A drop of water or debris in the soldering area can significantly weaken the connection and degrade its quality.

It is not necessary to design the plumbing system in such a way that all pipes pass through the ceiling through one common hole. This may degrade the performance of the plumbing. Professional designers never make such mistakes.

When drawing up a wiring plan, it is necessary to ensure that the pipes do not block access to the joints. This will greatly facilitate the repair in the event of a leak.

An insufficient amount can also cause a lot of trouble during installation work. Such fittings must be present in front of each device to which water is supplied, as well as for each riser. If the house has not one, but several bathrooms, you can install a shut-off valve for each of them.

Simultaneously with the plumbing system, they usually design and. It must be ensured that pipes and risers of individual systems do not overlap each other. In the future, this will facilitate maintenance and repair work.

The correct choice of wiring diagram is an important factor for the normal operation of the plumbing system. But in addition to proper design, you will need to correctly select the necessary materials and competently perform all installation work. Only if all these conditions are met, the water supply in the apartment will last a long time and flawlessly.

Morally obsolete and physically incapable of fulfilling their intended purpose, the pipes indicate that replacing the water supply wiring in a private house or apartment is a matter of particular importance. If you have just such a case, then the immediate correction of the situation will avoid unnecessary problems.

You should not hesitate to replace old pipes, as you can spoil the finish overnight or even worse - flood the neighbors from below. And this threatens with litigation and unplanned expenses for the repair of someone else's apartment.

If you decide that the replacement of pipes in an apartment or a private house is necessary, then you should first decide on the distribution of water supply. In small rooms, the option of open laying will narrow the owner's ability to place plumbing equipment. In spacious rooms, you can use any method, but there are still a number of limitations:

• It is forbidden to embed any detachable connection into the wall, even when using copper pipes. Adapters, compression fittings, kegs, nipples and other equipment should be in a conspicuous place so that they can be replaced painlessly if necessary.
• Internal installation of copper, metal-plastic or propylene pipes with a pressed connection is allowed. - polypropylene.

Pressed method of connecting propylene pipes

Replacing the water supply system in a private house or apartment is not an easy job, it requires certain knowledge and skills. Therefore, before proceeding, it is necessary to choose the optimal laying and pipe scheme, taking into account the geometry of the premises, the pressure in the network, and the temperature regime.

Laying hidden wiring of the plumbing system has its positive aspects:

• A neat view of the room - all communications will be hidden in the thickness of the wall.
• Maximum preservation of the useful area of ​​​​the room - you can conveniently arrange furniture, not taking into account the protruding pipes.
• In the event of a possible fire, plastic pipes walled into the thickness of the wall will not be damaged and will not emit toxic substances.

Wall-mounted plastic water pipes

But with all the positive aspects, hidden installation has its drawbacks, which are expressed in the following:

• Limited in the choice of material, due to the inability to hide the protruding detachable pipe connections.
• Difficulty of implementation. Chasing channels for laying is a difficult and dirty job.
• Unable to detect leak. This will only become clear when neighbors complain about flooding.
• To replace pipes, you will have to break the integrity of the wall, and then close it up. The tile will cause the most problems, which will need to be dismantled, bought a new one to replenish and laid again. And this is an additional waste of time and money.

As you can see, distributing water pipes in an apartment or a private house in a hidden way has more negative sides than positive ones. Therefore, choosing this option, carefully weigh everything and draw a conclusion about its necessity. Calculate exactly the length of the segments so that after assembling the pipeline, you do not have to lengthen the strobe to the required dimensions.

First, let's look at the positive aspects of this option. Open wiring of water supply systems allows the use of pipes from any material, there are also no restrictions on the use of fittings. The installation process is less time consuming due to the absence of the need for wall chasing. Dismantling and replacing a leaky section of the pipeline is also not difficult. It is easy to track the integrity of the pipes. They are always in sight, and the slightest leak will be known immediately. Plumbing in a private house or apartment, made according to the open type, can be upgraded at any time.

Open wiring of the water supply system

Disadvantages of open pipe laying:

• Unsightly appearance of the walls. It is good if the installation is carried out in a large room, where the outer pipes can be decorated with a box made of drywall. In small rooms, such designs will spoil the whole look of the finish.
• Reducing usable area. Due to the fact that the installation is made on plastic latches, they will protrude 8–10 cm from the wall. Therefore, moving close to the wall, for example, a washing machine, will not work.

Disadvantages of open piping

When choosing a method for installing pipe wiring in an apartment or a private house, weigh the pros and cons. In some cases, it is better to sacrifice free space than to subsequently redo everything when a connection leaks in a walled wall.

An important part of the job. Have you ever met with a situation where instead of pleasant warm water, hot or icy water starts to flow from the tap? And all because of the fact that someone turned on the faucet in the kitchen or drained the water in the toilet.

It's all about miswiring. To avoid such incidents, the competent location and connection of all connections that divert water to various rooms will allow. There are two options for laying water pipes in a private house and apartment: tee and manifold.

Laying water pipes in a private house

The tee method is a series connection of a pipeline, where all sources of consumption are connected one after another. Simply put, one supply line is laid, from which, in order, a separate pipe is diverted to each consumer by means of a tee connection. This option makes the last consumers in the chain hostage to the water pressure “weakness”. Tee wiring will ensure uninterrupted water supply to all taps, if installed correctly. In case of ignorance of the production technology of such work, it is recommended to contact specialists.

The collector method is more convenient, since in this case the pressure in the network is distributed over all points of analysis with approximately the same power. Here, a pipe connected to a common line is connected to a house collector, and separate outlets to each tap depart from it. A ball valve is mounted at the inlet and at the end of each outlet pipe. This allows not only rationally distributing pressure, but also repairing possible leaks without shutting off the general supply.

Collector variant of plumbing in a private house

The disadvantage of such piping is the greater consumption of materials: pipes, fittings and adapters.

When using the collector method, an additional usable area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room is consumed, so it is better to refuse it in small rooms.

When choosing this option for laying, it is recommended to build on the existing wiring. Maybe you don't have to change anything. For example, if the main line runs in the toilet, from which water enters the kitchen through the return line, then you can not develop anything and just connect the water in a consistent way: a sink, a dishwasher and a washing machine. But the wiring for the bathroom depends directly on the number of consumers.

Correct piping should look like this:

• The first tee must be mounted to divert cold water to the shower. Then there will always be good pressure.
• The second - on a watering can in the bathroom, if you have a country house with separate washing compartments.
• The third is on the kitchen sink.
• Fourth for everything else: washing machine, dishwasher, etc.

Replacing the water supply wiring in an apartment or a private house will be effective with this method. First of all, the main collapsible plumbing fixtures are provided with water, and after that the rest receive it.

Replacing the water supply in the apartment

Some layouts do not allow cold water to be diverted to the shower at the first outlet from the collector. The first tap, whatever one may say, turns out to the kitchen or the toilet. In this case, too, there is a way out. The peculiarity lies in lowering the pressure by installing pipes that are thinner in diameter.

For example, if the outlet of the pipeline towards the toilet has a diameter of 25 mm, install an adapter on it with an outlet diameter of 20 mm. And after a certain distance, install a shut-off ball valve, after which put a branch with a pipe cross section of 10 mm. Thus, in the flush tank, water will be collected more slowly and there will be no effect on the pressure in the shower.

Outlet of the pipeline towards the toilet

You can make a semblance of a collector using pipes of various diameters in your work. After supplying water to a pipe with a diameter of 25 mm and installing all the necessary fittings (ball valve, check valve, meter and coarse filter), a pipe segment with a diameter of 32 mm is mounted. And already from it to consumers, bends with a diameter of 20 mm are made.

The wiring looks like this:

• From the main line, a tee is first mounted with a branch directly to the bath.
• After it, the same tee is installed, supplying hot water to the shower head, if any.
• And at the last outlet, water enters the kitchen.

Hot water piping

Hot water is usually less of a problem. The main thing is to provide for the installation of a check valve. This will prevent hot water from going into the riser with cold water.

When choosing a scheme for supplying water to various plumbing fixtures, please note that with a collector connection option, the pipeline cannot be immured into the wall. There is an option when the pipes can be hidden under the floor covering. But the collector itself must be in plain sight. Therefore, the central node in the collector wiring diagram is usually decorated with a drywall box so that there is free access to taps and all other connections.

Independent wiring of hot and cold water pipes in an apartment or house is not an easy task, but real. Even if you are going to hire a specialist, you should know the main points yourself - control will not hurt.

Today, in most cases, piping in the bathroom is made of polymer pipes - polypropylene for plumbing, PVC for sewage

How to develop a plumbing layout

First, determine the places where all consumers of cold and hot water will be located. It is better to do everything on the plan, but you can also mark it “on the spot”. Not only the geometric dimensions of the devices are important, but also the exact location of the place where the water must be brought.

Draw a plan with dimensions and distances - the first step

Many devices are connected to the water supply network using flexible hoses. Then the outlet from the line can end 10-20 cm before the device. The main thing is that the connection point is easily accessible. This is necessary for convenient and fast connection maintenance. This connection method is easier to implement - there is no need to accurately calculate the length of the pipe.

There is also a hard water supply to plumbing fixtures or household appliances - pipes to the very entrance. Such a connection is more difficult to perform, therefore this type of wiring is less common. Basically, gas water heaters (columns), bathroom faucets that are attached to the wall are connected this way.

Outdoor or concealed laying

First of all, it is worth deciding on the type of pipe laying - will they go on top or hidden in a wall or floor. Hidden wiring in the bathroom, toilet is good from an aesthetic point of view - nothing is visible. But the pipes are not available, to fix the leak you will have to break the wall, which is not at all pleasing. Therefore, they try to lay only whole pieces without joints in the wall - there is less chance of leakage.

There is another difficulty with the hidden laying of water supply - the need for channels in the wall (strobe) into which pipes are laid. Firstly, not every wall allows you to make strobes in it. For example, in panel houses, where the wall thickness is only about 10 cm, it is definitely not worth making a channel 5-6 cm deep. The slab will lose a significant part of its bearing capacity. What it threatens to explain, probably, it is not necessary. Secondly, laying a strobe in the wall is not the easiest job, even with a puncher it takes a lot of time. So there are more than enough cons for this option.

Another type of hidden pipe connection is behind a false wall. To do this, stepping back some distance from the main wall, a frame is installed, and drywall is placed on it, on which tiles are then laid. The second option for false walls is made of plastic panels.

From a practical point of view, external piping is better - everything is in sight, available for repair at any time. But the aesthetic side suffers. To hide communications, all of them - plumbing and sewage - are trying to lay closer to the floor, then they build on a plasterboard box with a removable lid or top. So all the pipes have free access, and they themselves are almost invisible.

Laying method

In an apartment or house, plumbing is done in two ways - by connecting all consumers in series or by installing a collector, from which a separate pipe goes to each of the devices. Both options are not without drawbacks.

When pipes are connected in series, it takes little, but if more than two plumbing fixtures are connected in a row, the pressure may be insufficient when they work simultaneously. This type of wiring is also called a tee - all branches from the main main pipe are made using tees (sometimes crosses or corners).

With the collector wiring of the water supply system, a lot of pipes go away, in addition, additional equipment is required - a collector for the water supply system. So this piping scheme is an expensive undertaking, but the pressure on all connected devices, regardless of the number of workers, is the same.

Parallel connection - each device has its own line from the collector

There is one more nuance: a large number of pipes have to be laid somewhere, and compactly, and this is not at all easy. Therefore, this type of wiring is more often used for hidden or open wiring, but in those places that require such a connection or can be closed by furniture.

For example, in a bathroom or toilet, only two devices are connected. There you can do serial wiring. In the kitchen, a column (boiler), a sink faucet, a washing machine and a dishwasher are connected. In this case, it makes sense to put a collector in the kitchen, and from it separate branches of water supply to all consumers. This connection method is called mixed - part of the water supply is diluted with tees, part - from the collector.

Please note that if cold and hot water are distributed at the same time, the pipelines are laid in parallel. With a hidden liner, it makes sense to wrap the DHW liner in thermal insulation - then the water will really be hot and you will not heat the walls. If the pipes are polypropylene or plastic, this is not so critical - polymers have a low heat transfer coefficient. For metal (any - steel, stainless steel, galvanized, copper), thermal insulation is very desirable.

Piping: rules

As in any business, plumbing has its own rules. They are also used for plumbing. If you are going to do the plumbing for yourself, it’s up to you to follow them or not, but it’s better to do everything right. The rules have their own logic, which is followed by the majority:

If you look closely, you will see that most of the water pipes are made according to these rules.

Which plumbing pipes are best

It is impossible to say unequivocally which pipes are best for wiring - there is no ideal material, there are more or less suitable for these conditions. Let's dwell on the most popular options, their advantages and disadvantages:

Polypropylene pipes

The option is good for everyone, except for a large thermal expansion - up to 5 cm per 1 meter, and this is a lot. With a long route, it is necessary to install a compensator or use reinforced pipes. They have much less thermal expansion, but the prices are higher. For hot water, it is definitely necessary to use reinforced pipes, but with fiberglass or foil - it's up to you. The distribution of cold water pipes can be done with a conventional PPR pipe for cold water - here thermal expansion is not so critical.

Polypropylene pipes for plumbing - an excellent choice

Another point that is relevant if you do the work yourself, you are going to do a hidden laying of communications - the quality of the connections. In principle, there is nothing complicated, but without experience you can “screw up”, as a result, after a while the connection may leak. In the absence of experience in welding polypropylene, it is very undesirable to hide the joints under the finish. In this case, it is better to choose an open laying method.

The layout of polypropylene pipes in the bathroom and toilet has many positive aspects:

• a correctly made connection turns out to be monolithic;
• there is no narrowing of the pipeline diameters in the places of soldering;
• high maintainability;
• long service life;
• ease of installation.

In general, it is not for nothing that this material has been so popular lately.

PVC for plumbing

When laying PVC pipes, an adhesive joint is used. There is a special glue that dissolves the top layer of the polymer. Both parts to be glued are lubricated with it, pressed against one another and held for some time. As a result, the connection is almost monolithic, strong and reliable.

There are two types of connection: butt, when two pipe sections are joined and using fittings. Fittings are easier to work with, but the joints are narrower. With a butt joint, there are no narrowings, but it is much more difficult to make it qualitatively.

In principle, all the pros and cons are the same here, a few minuses are added - it is only suitable for transporting cold environments - no more than + 40 ° C, that is, other pipes will have to be used for hot water supply. Scratches and chips reduce the strength of the pipe, therefore, a threaded connection is excluded.

metal-plastic

The layout of the water supply from metal-plastic pipes is also suitable for hot water supply - it can withstand temperatures up to + 105 ° C. A positive difference from all of the above is its high plasticity - these pipes can be bent with a fairly small radius. This simplifies and reduces the cost of installation (fittings are expensive).

Metal-plastic - not the best choice

The disadvantage of using metal-plastic pipes for plumbing is a strong narrowing at the joints - in fittings. This results in a significant pressure drop in the system. This is what limits their use.

Circuit examples

The piping in each apartment, even in a typical house, is individual - plumbing and household appliances are arranged differently, of course, the scheme will be different. In reality, everything is not so complicated, you just need to decide on the main parameters of the circuit - where you need to supply water and the type of wiring - will you pull in parallel or in series. Further, everything is dictated by the position of consumers. To make it a little easier, let's add a few more diagrams and photos.

The peculiarity of this scheme is that a thicker pipe from the hot water supply goes to the heated towel rail. This is done to ensure the best heating.

Example of serial wiring - equipment at the entrance to the apartment to increase security

With hidden installation of water pipes, part of the pipes can be hidden in the floor. It will be impossible to repair them, but they are beautiful ...

plumbing work related to the installation and replacement of water pipes in apartments in Moscow and the Moscow region.
The layout of the water supply of apartments can be done in various ways.
Collector or serial water distribution scheme, or you can apply a combined series-collector scheme.
And the laying of water and sewer pipes should be mounted by an open or hidden wiring method.

The usual consistent laying of the water supply of the apartment.

Sequential (tee) wiring of water supply pipes suggests that from the riser (place

Thanks to a simple scheme for laying water pipes, mounted in this way does not require large financial costs for the purchase of materials and

equipment. power supply) carry out only two pipes - hot and cold

In such a water supply system, with one tap, you can close the water supply to all hot or cold water points of the apartment.The installation of such a water distribution system can be performed both in an open and a hidden way of laying pipes. tees the pipeline is bred to each pointwater supply in the bathroom.

Collector laying of pipes for the water supply of the apartment.

The collector scheme for distributing the water supply system of the apartment makes it possible to connect each point of cold or hot water supply with a whole pipe segment.
The absence of additional connections on the water supply lines increases the overall reliability of the apartment's water supply, which significantly increases the performance and durability of the system.
The collectors are equipped with taps, which is very convenient, so each output can be blocked independently of the others, which makes it possible, if necessary, to easily and quickly shut off the water supply selectively to the required plumbing fixture in the bathroom without turning off the rest.
All pipe / manifold connections are located in the bathroom very compactly and in one place.The installation of such a water supply system is more expensive and is usually carried out in a hidden way by laying pipes.

Hidden laying of pipes for the water supply of the apartment.

This method of distributing water supply pipes allows for its hidden installation in wall strobes, a box, a niche, a channel, a floor screed and plasterboard structures.
The distribution of water pipes mounted in this way is more practical, which generally improves the interior design of the bathroom, toilet, kitchen, through which the water supply system of the apartment is usually laid.

Open laying of pipes for the water supply of the apartment.

The open-mounted plumbing layout looks less aesthetically pleasing, as it is carried out by pipes mainly next to the walls attached to them

clamps, clips, brackets. This type of installation is more unpretentious from the side of maintenance. The advantage of the open water supply system of the apartment is the accessibility to the pipeline, which, if necessary, makes it possible to detect a leak in a timely manner and urgently eliminate it.

The cost of installing the water distribution of an apartment depends on many parameters, such as the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room, the method of piping, the number of points installed in the bathroom, plumbing equipment, a separate or combined bathroom, type of house.

Prices for the installation of water supply for an apartment (without the cost of material) For you, we offer the following most common options for distributing the water supply of bathrooms in apartments, we conditionally divided them into three main classes: economy, standard and luxury.

Our company performs the whole range of works related to the installation

water supply apartments, as well as the choice of material and selection of equipment.Ordering installation from usdistributing water supply and sanitation (sewerage), you get a system that will work smoothly. Warranty and free service.Free departure of the master consultation and budgeting in Moscow (within the Moscow Ring Road). Departure outside the Moscow Ring Road is paid by the client at the rate of 25 rubles per 1 km.

Types of works performed by us on distributing water supply:

Stages of cooperation:

Stages of work during the installation of systems:

• Dismantling of old pipes and plumbing.
• Preparatory work (chasing, drilling, etc.)
• Mounting and installation of equipment (filters, collectors, reducers, etc.)
• Installation of pipes of the water supply and sewerage system.
• Assembly of the entire piping system.
• Crimping, pouring, and launch of the mounted system.

Trust the installation of water supply wiring is highly qualified professionals- this will save you from additional costs for unscheduled repairs in the bathroom and alterations to the plumbing system.

If you are aware of the seriousness associated with the implementation of these plumbing works, then it is better to turn to professionals.
We have gained vast practical experience, which allows us to install and replace apartment water supply systems based on the most modern and latest technologies. In our work we use reliable, certified environmentally friendly, time-tested high-quality materials from leading European manufacturers.

Our staff consists of Russians, predominantly

Muscovites, all specialistshighly qualified with more than 10 years experience in this field. Taking into account the interests and wishes of customers is the main motto of our work.

We will most effectively perform the installation, modernization and replacement of water supply and sanitation systems for apartments of any level of complexity, taking into account the individuality and financial capabilities of the customer, as efficiently as possible in a timely manner.
All types of work are guaranteed. The warranty period is valid from the moment the Customer signs the acceptance certificate for the work performed. During the warranty period, all identified defects are corrected at our expense.

Prices for the installation of water distribution of the apartment.