Golden heart of Russia. "Hyperborean" comb Nikolai Gumilyov

Traces of ancestors in our North have been known for a long time, a huge contribution to their study was made by my friend and colleague, the first head of the Russian Popular Front, Doctor of Philosophy, Valery Nikitich Demin (1942-2006), who died untimely in a series of books about Hyperborea, and the Kuzovskaya archipelago in the White Sea no less significant for our history than the Solovki. Nowadays, everyone can visit these fabulous places in the summer, covered with many legends and ancient testimonies. I was interested in Timur Nazikulov's note from the Moskovskaya Pravda newspaper five years ago under the heading "Finds" (November 2, 2005, No. 241 / 25252 /, p. 2) - "The Pigeon Book" by Nikolai Gumilyov: Russian researchers discovered unknown pages of the biography of the great poet "):

“Last week, a press conference was held in Moscow by Konstantin Sevenard, a well-known researcher of antiquity and a public figure from St. Petersburg. The theme of the event was the sensational finds of the Sevenard expedition, undertaken this summer on the Kuzovskaya archipelago in the White Sea. The researchers managed to find traces of the "Stone Book" - a "divine" artifact Ancient Russia. According to the organizers of the expedition, references to the "Stone Book" are contained in the works of Lomonosov, Roerich, who tried to comprehend the secret of this legendary monument, and especially in the work of Nikolai Gumilyov, treated kindly by the emperor after a trip to the Russian north in 1904, where the poet discovered flat rocks with mysterious hieroglyphs - pages of the "Stone Book".

“I have been seriously interested in this time for a long time,” says Konstantin Sevenard. - I managed to get access to the materials currently stored in the special depository, in particular, to the diary entries of Matilda Feliksovna Kshesinskaya, my grandmother. From them, I learned the story of a gold comb of a uniquely high standard, found by Gumilyov in one of his northern expeditions, then presented to Matilda by Nicholas II and disappeared along with a significant part of her treasures. I continued to search for information on this topic and came across Gumilyov's diaries, as well as his report on the expedition, financed, as it turned out, from the royal treasury. In the report, he describes his finds - the Stone Book and the ancient tomb. One of the finds during the research of the tomb was the comb.

According to researchers, all these facts are confirmed, first of all, by the work of symbolist and acmeist poets, whose recognized ideologist is Nikolai Gumilyov. The theme of the "Stone Book" repeatedly slips in the poems of Nikla Zabolotsky, Velimir Khlebnikov, Konstantin Balmont, Andrei Bely, Osip Mandelstam.

However, as of today, Sevenard's research has been suspended. To conduct archaeological surveys on the islands of Russian body and German body and a full-scale underwater study of the bottom landscape in the place where the mouth of the Indel River was once located, and therefore the “Stone Book” is located, permission from the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation is required.

This is not easy to achieve - for five years, Konstantin Sevenard, being a deputy of the State Duma, tried to obtain permission to research work in the mansion of his grandmother M. F. Kshesinskaya, but neither a well-developed project, nor a willingness to fully finance the work of archaeologists could overcome administrative obstacles.

Amateur archaeologist Konstantin Sevenard claims that Pomorye is the birthplace of the Aryans, and Tajikistan is the legendary Shambhala

The secret of the mysterious Pigeon (Stone) book, which Mikhailo Lomonosov and Nikolai Gumilyov allegedly saw, was penetrated by a deputy State Duma 3rd convocation, and now a St. Petersburg businessman Konstantin Sevenard. At his own expense, he organized an expedition to the Russian North to study ancient man-made burial mounds. “The material collected in this and past years can radically change the view of the history of the world,” Mr. Sevenard is sure. Indeed, at the press conference held on the occasion of the end of the expedition, several sensational statements were made that ran counter to generally accepted historical knowledge.

The Stone Book is mentioned by various ancient sources, both handwritten and oral. Moreover, the sources are quite historical - such as the Apocalypse, “The Word of St. John the Theologian on the Coming of the Lord”, “The Life of St. Abraham of Smolensk”. According to the historian Alexander Afanasiev, “among the spiritual songs preserved by the Russian people, the most important is the verse about the Pigeon Book, in which every line is a precious allusion to the ancient mythical idea” about the world around us, the people, animals and birds inhabiting it . “The Poem about the Book of the Pigeon” has survived to this day in more than 20 versions, in which, with some discrepancies, it is told how “a strong, formidable cloud ascended, the Book of the Pigeon fell, and not small, not great. The length of the book is 40 fathoms: the crossbars are 20 fathoms. 40 kings with the prince, 40 princes with the prince, 40 priests, 40 deacons, many people converged on that book to the Divine. No one approaches the book like that, no one stumbles over God's book. The wise King David came to the book. He has access to God's book, the book unfolds before him, all the Divine Scripture is revealed to him.

The main part of the verse is the answer to the questions "why was conceived with us White light why the red sun was conceived, why our bodies were taken, why the kings went to our land, which is the earth to the mother lands, which is the mother church over the churches, which is our father stone to stones, which is the father of all beasts ", which constitute the essence of the cosmogonic ideas of ancient people .

Konstantin Sevenard is sure that the Stone (Pigeon) book exists not only in traditions and legends. According to him, this mysterious book was seen in his youth by Mikhailo Lomonosov, "which explains his legendary career and the fact that all further research was in the vein of the Stone Book texts - two northern expeditions financed from the royal treasury, the search for the philosopher's stone." Sevenard insists that the poet Silver Age Nikolai Gumilyov, traveling in 1904 in the Russian North, also saw her in the area of the city of Belomorsk in one of the deep hollows in the foggy mouth of the Indel River in the form of hieroglyphs carved into the stone slope. From here, according to Konstantin Sevenard, comes its name - the Stone Book. Another name for the book - Pigeon - comes from the seagulls depicted in the context of the book, which the ancient Slavs mistook for pigeons.

With a report on the northern expedition and the discovery of the Stone Book, 18-year-old Nikolai Gumilyov was hosted by Emperor Nicholas II, who took the find with extreme seriousness, so Gumilyov's further research, as well as his education at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, was financed from the royal treasury. Following the texts of the Stone Book, Gumilyov organizes an expedition to the Kuzovskaya archipelago, where he opens an ancient tomb, in which he finds a unique comb made of 1000-carat gold (such purity of gold has not been achieved so far). It is known that on the crest, which was called "Hyperborean", a girl in a tight-fitting tunic was depicted, sitting on the backs of two dolphins carrying her.

According to legend, this crest Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich presented at the request of Emperor Nicholas II to the ballerina Matilda Kshesinskaya. “There is every reason to believe, following family traditions, that the comb still lies in the cache of the Kshesinskaya mansion in St. Petersburg,” says Konstantin Sevenard, who considers himself a descendant of Kshesinskaya. Indirect evidence is the fact that after October revolution In 1917, the Bolsheviks, in search of a unique comb, were one of the first to seize this particular mansion, and the American Masons offered Kshesinskaya herself to sell the comb for 4.5 million gold rubles. Moreover, Sevenard, having studied all the diaries and letters of the ballerina, claims that Kshesinskaya considered the Hyperborean Comb to be a kind of catalyst for the revolution.

The researcher of the Russian North recalls that even when he was a member of the State Duma, he got acquainted with the diaries of Nikolai Gumilyov and with a report on that long-standing expedition, published in 1911 in a colossal circulation of 20 thousand copies. Despite such a mass publication, almost the entire circulation was subsequently destroyed, the same thing happened with the diaries. But, as you know, manuscripts do not burn, and it is obvious that some copies of the brochure and the diary itself still survived in the depths of the special depository. Unfortunately, Konstantin Sevenard was so fascinated by the content of these primary sources that he did not pay attention to the presence of any archival or library ciphers on them, indicating belonging to a state or departmental archive (a day later, the researcher, however, recalled that on the flyleaf brochure was ex-libris "Private Library of Gorodetskaya"). Nevertheless, he noticed that in the work of Nikolai Gumilyov there are not even poems dedicated to the Stone (Pigeon) Book, although in his diaries there is a mention that the cracks between the hieroglyphs with which the Stone Book was written were overgrown with flowers. The most interesting thing is that almost all the poets of the Silver Age (Nikolai Zabolotsky, Konstantin Balmont, Osip Mandelstam, Andrei Bely) have the image of a “flower book”, “written by the hand of mighty fates”, which contains “all the truth of the innermost land”.

But in the biography of the poet, according to Sevenard, "there are so many white spots that it seems that someone carefully and consistently cleared out information about entire periods of his life." Even the execution of Gumilyov in 1921, the researcher connects with the secret knowledge that the Stone Book endowed the poet with and to which, according to him, the ubiquitous Freemasons are very partial.

In the Pigeon Book of Rocks, Gumilev allegedly read some revelations about the structure of the world, the physical and spiritual interaction of all life on the planet, which more than 100 thousand years ago was inhabited by representatives of a completely different civilization that died due to exhausting civil war. The conflict broke out between the wikis, who knew the secret of the philosopher's stone and had the right to eternal life, and Aryans deprived of this privilege. After the end of the war and the death of Queen Mob, the rebel leader Phoebus led the surviving Aryans south to the region of modern Tajikistan. Konstantin Sevenard is convinced that the term "Viking" appeared only at the beginning of the 20th century after the publication of the text of the Stone Book in the translation of Nikolai Gumilyov.

Having studied Gumilyov's diaries and his translation of the Pigeon Book, Konstantin Sevenard came to the discovery that it is in Tajikistan, and not in Tibet, that the entrance to the legendary Shambhala is located, and opposite the entrance there are images of a giant sphinx, now flooded by the reservoir of the Nurek hydroelectric power station. By the way, Sevenard, being a professional hydraulic engineer, is convinced that the height of the dam was deliberately overestimated by several tens of meters in order to more reliably hide the mythical transition to a parallel civilization.

The traveler also opened the veil of secrecy over the "pigeon" hieroglyphs with which the book was allegedly written. They cannot be attributed to any of the known ancient and modern writing systems. According to Konstantin Sevenard, it was a special artificial language that did not have a phonetic sound. To facilitate reading, the author of the book, Phoebus, left to posterity a stone dictionary of symbols, in which the hieroglyphs, denoting, for example, stars, the sun, a person, a seagull, or a dragon, corresponded to an "explanatory" image. Allegedly, it was this dictionary that helped the young poet Gumilyov decipher the writings of the Pigeon Book.

In 2003 - 2005, under the leadership of Konstantin Sevenard, who wanted to get to the bottom of the truth, a series of expeditions took place, repeating the "northern route" of Nikolai Gumilyov. The task of these amateur studies was to search for structures and traces associated with the events described in the Stone Book. The expedition leader is convinced that at present the Stone Book is at the bottom of the reservoir of the Belomorskaya hydroelectric power station.

As a result of these expeditions, ancient man-made burial mounds were explored. From the texts of the Stone Book translated by Gumilyov, it follows that “Feb buried on an island that, according to the description, coincides with the island of the German body, under two huge mounds of his son and daughter, and on the contrary, on an island similar to the Russian body, his wife, the queen of the Vikov empire - Mob. The tomb on Russky Island was opened by Gumilyov, and the clearing of the remaining two mounds was undertaken by Sevenard this summer. According to the expert opinion of professional archaeologist Vladimir Eremenko, as a result of clearing, “two rows of masonry of undoubtedly artificial origin were discovered. The masonry is made of natural blocks of raw granite ranging in size from 0.5 to 1.5 m in diameter. Part of the granite blocks in the masonry is placed on edge. The underlying sand under the masonry is not marine. On the island, when examining the exits of such sand, no such sand was found. From the finds in the upper layer, Sevenard’s team discovered a German helmet and an 8-mm pistol cartridge case, which allowed him to conclude that the representatives of the special services of Nazi Germany were interested in the ancient burial places of the Aryans on the Kuzovsky archipelago during the Second World War.

Making such unusual statements at a press conference, Konstantin Sevenard lamented that in order to obtain material evidence of his theory, all that is required is "to obtain permission from the Ministry of Culture to conduct full-fledged archaeological excavations on the islands of Russian body and German body and a full-scale underwater study of the bottom landscape in a place where the mouth of the Indel River was located before the flooding. He also insists on the need for survey work in the former mansion of the ballerina Matilda Kshesinskaya in order to search for the “Hyperborean ridge” hidden by her in a certain cache.

On the cover of the recently published book Fragile Eternity, Konstantin Sevenard positions himself as a person who had many hobbies from collecting candy wrappers to a passion for the history of extraterrestrial civilizations. Archeology is one of them and, perhaps, completely harmless, but not useless. If the former State Duma deputy, and now a public figure and businessman Konstantin Sevenard manages to defeat the Ministry of Culture and obtain permission for excavations, then perhaps in the near future we will receive, if not confirmation of his “Aryan theory”, then, in any case, new archaeological finds, which will shed light on at least some of the many secrets of Russian history.

Natalya Eliseeva

The secret of Nikolai Gumilyov

The name of Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilyov entered Russian literature forever as one of the brightest and most talented poets of the Silver Age, who managed to return to the Russian people, despite many years of oblivion, by the grace of the communists who hated him fiercely, who shot him in 1921.

Settled for poetry? It is unlikely that Nikolai Gumilyov was a military officer, a knight of two St. Georges and a talented Russian intelligence officer: many Western intelligence services dreamed of destroying him ...

POET AND TRAVELER

Many Russian travelers - Przhevalsky, Kozlov, Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky, Arseniev and others - were career intelligence officers of the Russian General Staff. Along with scientific, geographical and ethnographic work, they carried out secret tasks of the Russian military command and personally of the Emperor. Travelers were illegally closely connected with the intelligence of the Russian General Staff, which encouraged the scientific studies of the Imperial Geographical Society. It is worth noting how abruptly and quickly, after many well-known travels to Asia and the East, Russian troops were able to advance into these difficult regions.

A well-established technique in intelligence activities is the use famous people, engaged, it would seem, things far from the interests of intelligence, as strictly secret employees performing secret tasks of the special services of their countries. The well-known Russian poet Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilyov became such a scout. In addition to creating amazing poems, he was a famous traveler who, without interrupting his literary work, made a number of interesting trips to Europe and Africa. Only on the Black Continent Gumilyov bravely visited three times in the period from 1907 to 1913. Why bravely? In many places they did not know the beginnings of civilization, not to mention cities, water pipes, hotels and doctors. When Nikolai Stepanovich was asked about the purpose of his trips, he usually smiled softly and a little mysteriously in response. After each journey, the poet gave birth to a cycle of amazingly powerful poems. Experts studying the life and work of the poet, officer and intelligence officer Gumilyov believe that Nikolai Stepanovich brought from his travels not only beautiful poems, but also secret, interesting reports for the intelligence department of the Russian General Staff.

But a number of historians repeat: in the archives it was not possible to find documents indicating Gumilyov's involvement in the work of the intelligence department of the Russian General Staff. Perhaps the documents existed, but were destroyed during the revolutions. Or did not exist at all - intelligence agencies often involve people like Gumilyov in close cooperation for the benefit of the Fatherland without drawing up any documents. Nikolai Stepanovich was a nobleman and considered serving the Russian state a sacred duty. And the nobles in officer's and even general's shoulder straps, who had the same high concept of honor and duty, asked him for help. One word of honor was enough for them. A secret is more securely kept if it cannot be reached. Let us turn to indirect data: they are no less eloquent than the yellowed papers of archival documents sealed with wax seals.

By the beginning of the 20th century, England, France, Italy and partly Germany had actually completed the division of the territories of East and Northeast Africa. The only country that managed to defend its independence was Abyssinia - modern Ethiopia. Without a doubt, Russian intelligence had its own interests in this troubled region and made efforts to obtain reliable strategic information. In 1907 and 1910, Nikolai Gumilyov made two expeditions to this African region. In 1913, Gumilyov made the third, longest trip to Africa through Abyssinia-Ethiopia. An experienced intelligence officer who has visited this region twice, managed to acquire some sources of information there and is well acquainted with the situation, can manage to do a lot in six months. Officially, the expedition of Nikolai Gumilyov, in which N. L. Sverchkov also participated, was carried out on the instructions and under the auspices of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. The director of the museum, academician Vasily Vasilyevich Radlov, managed to reach an agreement with the board of the Russian Voluntary Fleet in a surprisingly short time, and the sailors agreed to deliver Gumilyov and Sverchkov from Odessa to Djibouti and back free of charge. Travelers sailed on the ship not in the hold and not third class. This speaks volumes.

What is the purpose of Gumilyov's travel? Officially - to visit Abyssinia to collect an ethnographic collection and survey the Galla and Somali tribes. But the poet goes to the area between the Somali Peninsula and Rudolf Lake to take photographs of the area there. Along the way, Gumilyov was engaged in ethnographic research. Upon his return to Russia, Nikolai Stepanovich provided the museum with three ethnographic collections. According to experts, he brought a huge collection of photographs and sketches, but these materials did not end up in the museum. They were not in the personal archive of the poet. Consequently, they were received by the true customer - the General Staff!

POET AND OFFICER

When did the first World War, the poet entered the hussar regiment, where he became a front-line scout. Such details are known from the memoirs of the poet's wife, the great Russian poetess Anna Akhmatova. Let us add that for bravery ensign Nikolai Gumilyov received two St. George's crosses. In the same period, he submitted to the Russian General Staff a memorandum specially prepared by him, containing a comprehensive description of Abyssinia-Ethiopia from the point of view of its “military potential”.

It must have been an interesting document. During his stay in this country, Gumilyov showed sociability unusual for a poet, but very characteristic of a professional intelligence officer, and purposefully made the necessary contacts on different levels authorities and in different sectors of society, acquired important sources of information. This truly filigree operational work was crowned with impressive results. Gumilyov established a good relationship with many tribal leaders, ministers, and was introduced to Emperor Menelik II, who was overthrown during the civil war. Having managed to foresee the course of events, Nikolai Stepanovich met through unknown ways and made contacts with ... the future Emperor of Abyssinia Haile Selassie I, who then bore the simple name Tafari and served as governor of the province of Harrara. Such foresight and perseverance in achieving goals can only be shown by a professional intelligence officer of the highest class, who is perfectly familiar with the political situation in the host country. This irrefutably proves that Nikolai Stepanovich was not only a poet.

Gumilyov's relations with the Bolsheviks were rather strained, although he did not oppose the communists and the dictatorship they had established in the country. This has been absolutely proven: no documents have been found that testify to the participation of the poet in a conspiracy against the Soviet regime, the so-called Tagantsev case. All accusations are falsified for the reprisal against the poet, officer and Russian intelligence officer.

In the spring of 1918, the poet found an opportunity to offer his services as a specialist in Abyssinia to the former allies of Russia and asked to be sent to the Mesopotamian front. This was opposed by the British and their famous Secret Intelligence Service. Britain had its "intelligence star" there - it was an unsurpassed specialist in the Middle East, Thomas Edward Lawrence, a colonel in His Majesty's Armed Forces. Why do we need a Russian competitor?

It is possible that this appeal played a fatal role in the fate of Gumilyov. The Chekists and high-ranking Bolshevik figures became aware of him, among whom was Grigory Evseevich Zinoviev, aka Radomyslsky, aka Apfelbaum, according to some reports, associated with German intelligence. Events developed according to a tragic scenario. Apfelbaum probably reported to the owners of the German special services about Gumilyov's connections with the allies and was given the task of destroying the intelligence officer. Gumilyov became a "participant in the Tagantsev conspiracy."

On the 20th of August 1921, in the Kovalevsky Forest, near Petrograd, among many other faithful sons of Russia, the life of an amazing Russian poet, brave officer and talented intelligence officer Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilyov ended. He was thirty-five years old. He took his secret with him...

April 15, 2009 is approaching - the birthday of the great Russian poet Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilyov.

This year marks the 100th anniversary of Gumilyov's arrival in Koktebel. This name in Russian literature is a tuning fork name, the sound of which calls for thinking about a wider spectrum than creativity. In the fate of Gumilyov one can see the refraction of the bright and tragic fate of the Russian intelligentsia.

For almost seven decades, the reader was tested by Gumilyov. His books were not in libraries (Gumilyov was considered an enemy of the Soviet regime), but his books, miraculously surviving in someone's home libraries, were copied by hand, retyped on a typewriter, they were secretly given to read for one night, and they spoke about the poet in a whisper.

Now that the ban has been lifted, the test threatens the poet himself. They began to read it fluently, without attention; Volume after volume, his books are accumulated by "lovers" of rarities, and again his fate steps aside, without trying to understand not only Gumilyov, but also the Silver Age of Russian poetry itself.
For any great artist, it is probably not so important whether he will be loved and praised after death, but it is necessary that he be understood.

Speaking about the life and work of Gumilyov, it is necessary to get closer to such an understanding and not to forget that fate is always greater and more significant than biography. Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilyov was born on the night of April 15, 1886 in Kronstadt, which was shaken at that moment by a storm. The old nanny, looking at the storm that broke out, innocently saw in this a kind of silver sign, saying that the one who was born "will have a stormy life." In fact, she was right.

O childhood- until the age of fourteen, they usually speak and write in passing, implying that nothing too significant happened. Outwardly, we can say - it did not happen. There was a normal life for this age: gymnasium, illness, passion for Cooper, books, books ... dreams, dreams ...

But it was during these years that the work of forming character was done. Contrary to shyness, he tried to be liberated. Despite weakness and illness, he was the leader, winning the right to primacy in boyish games.

In spite of, in spite of, in spite of...

He did not hide his work on himself. And he called his first book "The Way of the Conquistador", creating in it the image of the hero he aspired to - a strong, proud, courageous conqueror.

By the time the family moved to Tiflis, N. Gumilyov had already filled the vessel of his soul with thoughts. His inner creative energy required an outlet and had to be realized. On September 8, 1902, the first publication of N. Gumilyov appeared in the "Tiflis Leaflet" - the poem "I fled from the city to the forest ..."

Not distinguished by a special predilection for the sciences - neither in the Gurevich gymnasium, nor in the Tiflis gymnasiums, Nikolai Gumilyov, returning to Tsarskoye Selo, somewhat changed his attitude to study. Meetings and conversations with the director of the Tsarsko-Rural Gymnasium, the poet Innokenty Annensky, largely shaped Gumilyov's aesthetic taste.

In 1905, the 19-year-old poet published his first collection of poetry, The Path of the Conquistador. Releasing in 1912 the fourth book in a row "Alien Sky", Gumilyov called it the third, as if deleting the first book from his work. Gumilev in vain underestimated the first poetic successes. But in his head the idea of "the border where experiments end and creativity begins" has already matured.

In 1906 he went to Paris to study at the Sorbonne. He chooses his teacher Valery Bryusov and conducts intensive correspondence with him from Paris.

Gumilyov's life in Paris was eventful. He publishes his own magazine "Sirius" (the first issue appeared in January 1907). Engaged in the preparation of a new book "Romantic Flowers". Receives another refusal from Anna Gorenko (Akhmatova) to become his wife.

In January 1908, a book of poems "Romantic Flowers" was published, dedicated to Anna Andreevna Gorenko. Gumilyov pinned special hopes on the appearance of this book.

The attitude of the Tsarskoye Selo reviewers towards Gumilyov was indifferent, he was too original for them. According to Lunin, Gumilyov frightened someone - with giraffes, parrots, devils, strange rhymes, wild thoughts, dark and thick blood of his poems.
He frightened... Not because he wanted to frighten, but because he himself was frightened by the endless play of his imagination.

But they still spoke about his work. It was Bryusov and Annensky who responded to the release of Romantic Flowers.

When Gumilyov lived in Paris, he was powerfully nostalgically attracted to the Motherland. And he goes to Sevastopol, Tsarskoye Selo, to Beryozki, to Slepnevo, to St. Petersburg, to Moscow - to Bryusov, to Kiev - to Anna Gorenko, but after that the attraction of the "muse of distant wanderings" is even stronger, and in September 1908 he sets off six weeks in Egypt.

The poet and the traveler did not fight in this person, they not only coexisted peacefully, but were also necessary to each other, complemented and mutually enriched each other. Romance coexisted perfectly with a sober attitude towards poetry, for one was for Gumilyov a form of existence, and the second was a matter of life. All this further strengthened one of the main features of Gumilev's character: to dominate and constantly prove to himself and others that there is nothing impossible for him!

For the first time N. S. Gumilyov saw Koktebel in the spring of 1909, at the same time he first appeared in the house of M. Voloshin. At that time, Alexey Tolstoy, Andrey Bely, Elizaveta Dmitrieva - the future Cherubina, and many others were resting in Koktebel.

Koktebel saw Gumilyov already as a philosopher in poetry - a sage, and yet he was a child at heart. And he said more than once: "for a poet, the most important thing is to preserve a child's heart and the ability to see the world transformed."

It was in Koktebel that N. S. Gumilyov wrote the famous poem "Captains", which designated a new, different Gumilyov to the reader. He left Koktebel at the end of the summer. While the book was being prepared, the crisis of symbolism was finally outlined. But Gumilyov also almost departed from the leader of modernism, Bryusov, by that time. So in 1911 the "Workshop of Poets" appeared. The “shop of poets” included 26 representatives of different directions in its ranks, including Akhmatova, Lozinsky, Narbut, Mandelstam, and others. Gumilyov was the creator of acmeism, but he himself was not an acmeist, because he was more, more significant than this direction. ("Life is the most important quality in art, everything can be forgiven for it.")

The canons of acmeism were for him only a convention, the reason being the passion for poetry. Gauthier's theory - in the vicinity aesthetic program French poet. Before the Second World War, Gumilyov was not destined to live.

Even if the 21st year had missed it, the 37th year would have grown by the same wall. But he also saw the first war not as a "terrible way", but as, above all, a just cause.

Moreover, putting aside other affairs, he began to prepare himself for military labor. This is how the third hypostasis of this person began to be realized, which they used to talk about: a poet, a traveler, a warrior.

Yes, a poet, that's for sure.

Yes, traveller; the collection brought by him and his nephew N. L. Sverchkov from Africa, according to experts, is in second place after the collection of Miklouho-Maclay; he did a lot as a diplomat.

And what about the "African Diary" and the book of poems "The Tent" - a wonderful description of a distant land!

But there are still wonderful pages in his biography related to the exploration of the North.

The amazing story of Nikolai Gumilyov, who was suddenly treated kindly by the royal family and accepted, on the recommendation of the emperor, into the most elite educational institution of pre-revolutionary Russia - the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum.

All these graces "fell" on an eighteen-year-old young man from a poor family after a trip to the Russian North in 1904, where he saw flat rocks at the mouth of the Indel River, on which hieroglyphs were carved - hundreds of meters of text, pages of a stone book.

By the way, Russian emperors have always shown an increased interest in everything related to this artifact. The age of the Pigeon Book, according to Gumilyov, who even translated its text, is more than 18 thousand years. Unfortunately, in currently in the public domain there is no way to find diary entries and translations of Gumilyov's texts of the stone book, there are not even his poems dedicated to it.

This is not the only secret of the great poet. Researchers of his work claim that there are so many blank spots in his biography that it seems that someone carefully and consistently cleaned out information about entire periods of his life. Surprisingly, almost all of them, one way or another, are connected with his studies of the Stone Book.

From the materials stored in the special depository, it became known that N. Gumilyov found a unique gold comb, close to the 1000th sample, in one of his northern expeditions. This comb was presented to Matilda Kshesinskaya by Nicholas II and disappeared along with a significant part of her treasures.

Almost all poets of the early twentieth century have poems dedicated to the Stone Book, except for Gumilyov, who found it. Emperor Nicholas II, who received the poet with a report on this unique discovery, not only took the find extremely seriously, but also allocated funds from the treasury for further research.

Thanks to the discovery of the Stone Book, Gumilyov was taken under the protection of the emperor and became friends with his daughters. With the help of a kind of dictionary of symbols carved on the rocks there, and translators who know Arabic, Gumilyov manages to translate the texts. Of course, the accuracy of the translation is not perfect. But, thanks to him, in subsequent expeditions, Gumilyov finds the Kuzovskiy archipelago (the legendary Buyan Island) and opens the tomb of the queen of the Vic Empire on the Russian Kuzov island.

The golden comb found on the skeleton is striking in its elegance. After the comb gets to Matilda Kshesinskaya, American Masons begin to hunt for it. For protection, Kshesinskaya turned to Nicholas II. As you know, in December 1917, the only building captured by the Bolsheviks in St. Petersburg was the Kshesinskaya mansion, where they rummaged through all things, opened the floors and rattled the walls. They were probably looking for the comb they needed so much.

The further fate of N. Gumilyov is also symbolic. After the first revolution, he led the largest expedition in the history of Russia to Africa in search of legendary land Mu, which he learned about from the texts of the Stone Book. Then Gumilyov, and the emperor himself, had not yet imagined what for the country, and for them personally, the attempt to make the most ancient knowledge publicly available would turn out.

And again - doing oneself to be the first, the best, unsurpassed.

And indeed, being sent to the front along with the marching squadron of the Life Guards Ulansky Regiment on September 23, he a short time promoted to warrant officer and was awarded two St. George's crosses - this is how his fearlessness, truly legendary bravery and courage were appreciated.

Without Gumilyov, the "Workshop of Poets" fell apart immediately, in 1914. His famous "Letters on Russian Poetry" ceased to appear in the Apollon magazine. December 15, 1915 was published A new book his poems "Quiver".

The war was for Gumilyov an important event in his personal biography, in his fate, but still it was not a way for him to creatively assert himself.

Here, the first emotional assessments are also important, and deeper, on the verge of tragedy, discoveries are also important:

I scream and my voice is wild
It's copper hitting copper.
I, the bearer of a great thought,
I can't, I can't die.
Like thunder hammers
Or the waters of angry seas,
Golden heart of Russia
It beats measuredly in my chest.

In one of the questionnaires, when asked about his political beliefs, Nikolai Gumilyov answered: "apolitical." Big politics didn't bother him.

By that time, many had already left or were about to leave Russia; Gumilyov returns to his homeland, going towards the first wave of emigration.

It is difficult to imagine how his fate would have developed; that is why she is fate, so that they do not choose her, but follow her; and yet for Russian poetry he did the maximum of what he could, precisely because he returned.

Even if in 1918 he knew what would happen to him three years later in 1921, he would still have returned. Such a character. One of his contemporaries wrote about this: “In 1918-1921, there was probably no one among Russian poets equal to Gumilyov in the dynamism of continuous and most diverse literary work ... His secret was that, despite the superficial opinion of him, did not suppress anyone with his authority, but infected everyone with his enthusiasm "...

Arriving in Russia on the ruins, N. Gumilyov realized that he had to start all over again. It was not in his rules to fall into despondency, the more he felt in himself the strength to lead the literary life of Petrograd.

And soon a new "Workshop of Poets" was created, "Porcelain Pavilion", "Bonfire" were published, "Romantic Flowers" and "Pearls" were republished, M. Gorky's proposal was accepted to become the editor of "World Literature", where Gumilyov, together with Lozinsky and Blok, edits poetry series.

A remarkable poet and researcher, Professor Nikolai Gumilyov was arrested on August 3, 1921 on suspicion of participating in the Tagantsev conspiracy. And soon he was shot ...

Name: Nikolay Gumilyov

Age: 35 years

Activity: poet, writer, officer, translator, literary critic, Africanist

Family status: was married

Nikolai Gumilyov: biography

Nikolai Gumilyov, whose poems were withdrawn from literary circulation in the second half of the 1920s, was an image of a literary theorist who sincerely believed that the artistic word could not only influence people's minds, but also transform the surrounding reality.

The work of the legend of the Silver Age directly depended on his worldview, in which the idea of the triumph of the spirit over the flesh occupied the leading role. Throughout his life, the prose writer deliberately drove himself into difficult, difficult to resolve situations for one simple reason: only at the moment of collapse of hopes and losses did true inspiration come to the poet.

Childhood and youth

On April 3, 1886, a son was born to the ship's doctor Stepan Yakovlevich Gumilyov and his wife Anna Ivanovna, who was named Nikolai. The family lived in the port city of Kronstadt, and after the resignation of the head of the family (1895), they moved to St. Petersburg. As a child, the writer was an extremely sickly child: everyday headaches drove Nikolai to a frenzy, and increased sensitivity to sounds, smells and tastes made his life almost unbearable.

During the exacerbation, the boy was completely disoriented in space and often lost his hearing. His literary genius manifested itself at the age of six. Then he wrote his first quatrain "Niagara lived." Nikolai entered the Tsarskoye Selo gymnasium in the fall of 1894, but he studied there for only a couple of months. Because of his sickly appearance, Gumilyov was repeatedly ridiculed by his peers. In order not to injure the already unstable psyche of the child, the parents out of harm's way transferred their son to home schooling.

The Gumilyov family spent 1900-1903 in Tiflis. There the sons of Stepan and Anna improved their health. In the local educational institution where the poet was trained, his poem "I fled from the cities to the forest ..." was published. After some time, the family returned to Tsarskoye Selo. There Nikolai resumed his studies at the gymnasium. He was not fascinated by either the exact or the humanities. Then Gumilyov was obsessed with creativity and spent all his time reading his works.

Due to incorrectly set priorities, Nikolai began to significantly lag behind the program. Only through the efforts of the director of the gymnasium, the decadent poet I.F. Annensky, in the spring of 1906 did Gumilyov manage to obtain a matriculation certificate. One year before graduation educational institution at the expense of the parents, the first book of poems by Nicholas "The Way of the Conquistadors" was published.

Literature

After the exams, the poet went to Paris. In the capital of France, he attended lectures on literary criticism at the Sorbonne and was a regular at art exhibitions. In the homeland of the writer, Gumilyov published the literary magazine Sirius (3 issues were published). Thanks to Gumilyov, I was lucky to get acquainted with, and with, and with. At first, the masters were skeptical about the work of Nicholas. The poem "Androgyn" helped recognized artists to see the literary genius of Gumilyov and change their anger to mercy.

In September 1908, the prose writer went to Egypt. In the first days of his stay abroad, he behaved like a typical tourist: sightseeing, studying the culture of local tribes and swimming in the Nile. When the funds ran out, the writer began to starve and spent the night on the street. Paradoxically, these difficulties in no way broke the writer. The deprivation evoked extremely positive emotions in him. Upon returning to his homeland, he wrote several poems and stories ("Rat", "Jaguar", "Giraffe", "Rhino", "Hyena", "Leopard", "Ship").

Few people know, but a couple of years before the trip, he created a cycle of poems called "Captains". The cycle consisted of four works, which were united by the general idea of travel. The thirst for new experiences prompted Gumilyov to study the Russian North. During his acquaintance with the city of Belomorsk (1904), in the hollow of the mouth of the Indel River, the poet saw hieroglyphs carved on a stone slope. He was sure that he had found the legendary Stone Book, which, according to legend, contained the initial knowledge of the world.

From the translated text, Gumilyov learned that the ruler Fab had buried his son and daughter on the island of the German body, and his wife on the island of the Russian body. With the assistance of the emperor, Gumilyov organized an expedition to the Kuzovskaya archipelago, where he opened an ancient tomb. There he discovered a unique "Hyperborean" crest.

According to legend, he gave the find into the possession of a ballerina. Scientists suggest that the comb still lies in the cache of the Kshesinskaya mansion in St. Petersburg. Shortly after the expedition, fate brought the writer together with a fanatical explorer of the Black Continent, Academician Vasily Radlov. The poet managed to persuade the ethnologist to enroll him as an assistant in the Abyssinian expedition.

In February 1910, after a dizzying trip to Africa, he returned to Tsarskoye Selo. Although his return was due dangerous disease, there was no trace of the former decline of spirit and decadent poems. Having finished work on the collection of poems "Pearls", the prose writer again left for Africa. He returned from the trip on March 25, 1911 in a sanitary wagon with an attack of tropical fever.

He used forced seclusion for the creative processing of the collected impressions, which later resulted in "Abyssinian Songs", included in the collection "Alien Sky". After a trip to Somalia, the African poem "Mick" saw the light.

In 1911, Gumilyov founded the "Workshop of Poets", which included many representatives of the literary beau monde of Russia (Vladimir Narbut, Sergei Gorodetsky). In 1912, Gumilyov announced the emergence of a new artistic movement - acmeism. The poetry of the acmeists overcame symbolism, returning the rigor and harmony of the poetic structure to fashion. In the same year, acmeists opened their own publishing house "Hyperborey" and a magazine of the same name.

Also, Gumilyov, as a student, was enrolled at St. Petersburg University at the Faculty of History and Philology, where he studied Old French poetry.

The First World War destroyed all the plans of the writer - Gumilyov went to the front. For the courage shown during the hostilities, he was elevated to the rank of officer and awarded two St. George's crosses. After the revolution, the writer completely devoted himself to literary activity. In January 1921, Nikolai Stepanovich became chairman of the Petrograd department of the All-Russian Union of Poets, and in August of the same year, the master was detained and taken into custody.

Personal life

The writer met his first wife in 1904 at a ball dedicated to the celebration of Easter. At that time, the ardent young man tried to imitate his idol in everything: he wore a top hat, curled his hair and even slightly tinted his lips. A year after they met, he made an offer to a pretentious person and, having received a refusal, plunged into a hopeless depression.

From the biography of the legend of the Silver Age, it is known that due to failures on the love front, the poet twice tried to commit suicide. The first attempt was furnished with the theatrical pomposity characteristic of Gumilyov. The unfortunate gentleman went to the resort town of Tourville, where he planned to drown himself. The plans of the critic were not destined to come true: the vacationers mistook Nikolai for a tramp, called the police and, instead of going to last way, the writer went to the station.

Seeing a sign from above in his failure, the prose writer wrote a letter to Akhmatova, in which he again proposed to her. Anna once again refused. Heartbroken, Gumilyov decided to complete what he had begun at all costs: he took poison and went to await death in the Bois de Boulogne of Paris. The attempt again turned into a shameful curiosity: then vigilant foresters picked up his body.

At the end of 1908, Gumilyov returned to his homeland, where he continued to seek the favor of the young poetess. As a result, the persistent guy received consent to marriage. In 1910, the couple got married and went on their honeymoon to Paris. There, the writer had a stormy romance with the artist Amedeo Modigliani. Nikolai, in order to save his family, insisted on returning to Russia.

A year after the birth of their son Leo (1912-1992), a crisis occurred in the relationship of the spouses: indifference and coldness came to replace unconditional adoration and all-consuming love. While Anna showed signs of attention to young writers at social events, Nikolai also looked for inspiration on the side.

In those years, the actress of the Meyerhold theater Olga Vysotskaya became the muse of the writer. The young people met in the fall of 1912 at the celebration of the anniversary, and already in 1913, Gumilyov's son, Orest, was born, whose existence the poet never knew.

The polarity in views on life led to the fact that in 1918 Akhmatova and Gumilyov parted ways. Barely freed from the shackles family life, the poet met his second wife - Anna Nikolaevna Engelhardt. The writer met the hereditary noblewoman at Bryusov's lecture.

Contemporaries of the prose writer noted the immeasurable stupidity of the girl. According to Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky, Nikolai was perplexed by her illogical judgments. The writer's student Irina Odoevtseva said that the chosen one of the master, not only in appearance, but also in development, seemed like a 14-year-old girl. The wife of the writer and his daughter Elena died of starvation during. Neighbors said that Anna could not move because of weakness, and the rats ate her for several days.

Death

On August 3, 1921, the poet was arrested as an accomplice in the anti-Bolshevik conspiracy of the Petrograd Combat Organization of V. N. Tagantsev. Colleagues and friends of the writer (Mikhail Lozinsky, Anatoly Lunacharsky, Nikolai Otsup) tried in vain to rehabilitate Nikolai Stepanovich in the eyes of the country's leadership and rescue him from imprisonment. A close friend of the leader of the world proletariat also did not stand aside: he twice turned to Gumilyov with a request for pardon, but Vladimir Ilyich remained true to his decision.

On August 24, the decision of the Petrograd GubChK was issued on the execution of the participants in the Tagantsevsky plot (a total of 56 people), and on September 1, 1921, the execution list was published in the Petrogradskaya Pravda newspaper, in which Nikolai Gumilyov was listed as the thirteenth.

The poet spent his last evening in a literary circle, surrounded by young people who idolize him. On the day of his arrest, the writer, as usual, sat up with his students after lectures and returned home long after midnight. An ambush was organized at the apartment of the prose writer, about which the master could in no way know.

After being taken into custody, in a letter addressed to his wife, the writer assured her that there was nothing to worry about, and asked to send him a volume and tobacco. Before the execution, Gumilyov wrote on the cell wall:

"Lord, forgive my sins, I'm going on my last journey."

70 years after the death of the eminent poet, materials were declassified proving that the plot was completely fabricated by the NKVD officer Yakov Agranov. Due to the lack of corpus delicti in 1991, the writer's case was officially closed.

It is not known for certain where the writer is buried. According to the former wife of the prose writer Anna Akhmatova, his grave is located within the city of Vsevolozhsk near the Berngardovka microdistrict near the powder magazine at the Rzhev artillery range. It was there, on the banks of the Lubya River, that a memorial cross still stands to this day.

The literary heritage of the legend of the Silver Age has been preserved both in poetry and in prose. In 2007, the singer set the text of the poem by the eminent artist “Monotonous flicker ...” to the music of Anatoly Balchev and revealed to the world the composition “Romance”, for which a video was shot in the same year.