Exercises for the passive voice in Present Perfect time. Exercises with answers. Useful versatile passive voice exercises help you understand this topic.

Exercise 1. Read the texts and find the sentences with Present Perfect Active and Present Perfect Passive tense forms. Translate them into your language.

Nina has lived in Sydney for two years. She has done a lot of things in Sydney. She has seen several plays, she has gone to the picture galleries and museums. She has visited the circus as well, and she has taken a tour to the Islands on Port Jackson. However, there are a lot of planned things she hasn't done yet. She hasn't gone to the Australian Reptile Park yet. Nina hasn't been to some other parks yet.

The boss is angry with his secretary today because important letters haven't been typed yet. Tea has been given to him cold. Wrong telephone numbers have been written down. The mail hasn't been sent in time. A lot of time has been spent over the telephone.

Exercise 2. Change the sentences with Present Perfect Active into Present Perfect Passive.

I have already finished my work. my work...

My work has already been finished.

1. I have already taken the books back to the library. The books...
2. She has just posted those letters. Those letters...
3. The teacher has already checked my test. my test...
4. He has lost the key. The key...
5. We have opened all the windows. All the windows ... "
6. I have bought bread on the way home. Bread...
7. I have done this exercise. This exercise ...

Exercise 3 Imagine that your classroom and the school yard have been thoroughly cleaned. Say what has been done by whom.

Example The windows ... (to wash)

The windows have been washed by the girls.

1. The desks... (to wash)
2. The flowers... (to water)
3. The floor... (to mop)
4. The furniture... (to dust)
5. The grass... (to cut)
6. The trees... (to cut)

Exercise 4 Answer the questions about your English lesson using Present Perfect Passive.

1. Have you been asked to read a text?
2. Has the text been translated?
3. Have the new words been written down?
4. Have the exercises been done by all the pupils?
5. Has your friend been asked to recite something?
6. Has large homework been given?
7. Who has been given good (bad) marks?
8. Have you been praised by the teacher?

Exercise 5 Use Present Perfect Active or Passive of the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences.

1. Peter ... (to break) the window.
2. The exercise ... (to write) already.
3. The text ... (to translate) by Victor.
4. The teacher just ... (to explain) the new rule.
5. We (to learn) the Passive Voice already.
6. A new school ... (to build) in this street.

Exercise 6 Translate into English using Present Perfect Active or Passive.

1. I just bought a newspaper
2. The TV has just been turned off.
3. He already answered the question
4. Words just written on the blackboard
5. We already talked about this
6. All answers have already been given.
7. They just said it on the radio.
8. I have already watched this movie
9. They didn't tell me anything about it.
10. All proposals have already been written.

Answers:

Exercise 1.

All the sentences in text A are in Present Perfect Active.

All the sentences in text B are in Present Perfect Passive.

Exercise 2.

1. The books have already been taken back to the library by me.
2. Those letters have just been posted by her.
3. My test has already been checked by the teacher.
4. The key has been lost by him.
5. All the windows have been opened by us.
6. Bread has been bought by me on the way home.
7. This exercise has been done by me.

Exercise 3

1. The desks have been washed by the pupils.
2. The flowers have been watered by Molly.
3. The floor has been mopped by the cleaners.
4. The furniture has been dusted by the boys.
5. The grass has been cut by the caretaker.
6. The trees have been cut by the workmen.

Exercise 4. Your own answers.

Exercise 5

1 has been broken, 2 has been already written, 3 has been translated, 4 has just explained, 5 have learned, 6 has been built

Exercise 6

1. I just bought the newspaper.
2. The TV set has just been switched off.
3. Has not already answered this question.
4. The words have just been written on the blackboard.
5. We've already spoken about it.
6. All the answers have already been given.
7. This has been just said over the radio.
8. I've already watched this film.
9. I haven't been told anything about it.
10. All the sentences have already been written.

1. The postbox (to empty) every day.
2. The letters (to deliver).

Answers: 1. is emptied 2. are postmarked. 3. are sorted. 4. is loaded. 5. are unloaded. 6. are taken. 7. are sorted. 8. are delivered.

Exercise 2. Open the brackets using the verbs in the Past Simple Passive. (YESTERDAY)

1. The postbox (to empty) yesterday.
2. The stamps (to postmark) at the post office.
3. The letters (to sort) into the different towns.
4. The mail (to load) into the train.
5. The mailbags (to unload) after their journey.
6. The bags (to take) to the post office.
7. The letters (to sort) into the different streets.
8. The letters (to deliver).

Answers: 1. was emptied. 2. were postmarked. 3. were sorted. 4. was loaded. 5. were unloaded. 6. were taken. 7. were sorted. 8. were delivered.

Exercise 3. Open the brackets using the verbs in the Future Simple Passive. (TOMORROW)

1. The postbox (to empty) tomorrow.
2. The stamps (to postmark) at the post office.
3. The letters (to sort) into the different towns.
4. The mail (to load) into the train.
5. The mailbags (to unload) after their journey.
6. The bags (to take) to the postoffice.
7. The letters (to sort) into the different streets.
8. The letters (to deliverer).

Answers: 1. will be emptied. 2. will be postmarked. 3. will be sorted. 4. will be loaded. 5. will be unloaded. 6. will be taken. 7. will be sorted. 8. will be delivered.

Exercise 4. Open the brackets using the verbs in Present, Past or Future Simple Passive.

1. My question (to answer) yesterday.
2. Hockey (to play) in winter.
3. Mushrooms (to gather) in autumn.
4. Many houses (to burn) during the Great Fire of London.
5. His new book (to finish) next year.
6. Flowers (to sell) in shops and in the streets.
7. St. Petersburg (to found) in 1703.
8. Bread (to eat) every day.
9. The letter (to receive) yesterday.
10. Nick (to send) to Moscow next week.
11. I (to ask) at the lesson yesterday.
12. I (to give) a very interesting book at the library last Friday.
13. Many houses (to build) in our town every year.
14. This work (to do) tomorrow.
15. This text (to translate) at the last lesson.
16. These trees (to plant) last autumn.
17. Many interesting games always (to play) at our PT lessons.
18. This bone (to give) to my dog ​​tomorrow.
19. We (to invite) to a concert last Saturday.
20. Lost time never (to find) again.
21. Rome (not to build) in a day.

Answers: 1. was answered. 2. is played. 3. are gathered. 4. were burnt. 5. will be finished. 6. are sold. 7. was founded. 8. is eaten. 9. was received. 10. will be sent. 11. was asked. 12. was given. 13. are built. 14. will be done. 15. was translated. 16. were planted. 17. are always played. 18. will be given. 19. were invited. 20. is never found. 21. was not built.

Exercise 5. Open the brackets, choosing the correct form of the verb.

1. At the station they will (meet, be met) by a man from the travel bureau.
2. She will (meet, be met) them in the hall upstairs.
3. The porter will (bring, be brought) your luggage to your room.
4. Your luggage will (bring, be brought) up in the lift.
5. You may (leave, be left) your hat and coat in the cloakroom downstairs.
6. They can (leave, be left) the key with the clerk downstairs.
7. From the station they will (take, be taken) straight to the hotel.
8. Tomorrow he will (take, be taken) them to the Russian Museum.

Answers: 1. will be met. 2. will meet. 3. will bring. 4. will be brought. 5. may leave. 6. can leave. 7. will be taken. 8. will take.

Exercise 6. Transmit the following sentences in Passive Voice, paying attention to the place of the preposition.

E.g. We often speak of her. - She is often spoken of.

1. The senior students laughed at the freshman.
2. The group spoke to the headmistress yesterday.
3. Young mothers looked after their babies with great care.
4. Nobody lived in that old house.
5. They sent for Jim and told him to prepare a report on that subject.
6. We thought about our friend all the time.
7. The doctor will operate on him in a week.
8. The teacher sent for the pupil's parents.
9. They looked for the newspaper everywhere.
10. Nobody slept in the bed.
11. The neighbor asked for the telegram.
12. Everybody listened to the lecturer with great attention.

Answers: 1. The freshman was laughed at. 2. The headmistress was spoken to yesterday. 3. The babies were looked after with great care. 4. That old house was not lived in. 5. Jim was sent for and told to prepare a report on that subject. 6. Our friend was thought about all the time. 7. He will be operated on in a week. 8. The pupil's parents were sent for. 9. The newspaper was looked for everywhere. 10. The bed was not slept in. 11. The telegram was asked for. 12. The lecturer was listened to with great attention.

Exercise 7. Open the brackets using verbs in Active Voice or Passive Voice.

1. Nobody (to see) him yesterday.
2. The telegram (to receive) tomorrow.
3. He (to give) me this book next week.
4. The answer to this question can (to find) in the encyclopedia.
5. We (to show) the historical monuments of the capital to the delegation tomorrow.
6. You can (to find) interesting information about the life in the USA in this book.
7. Budapest (to divide) by the Danube into two parts: Buda and Pest.
8. Yuri Dolgoruki (to found) Moscow in 1147.
9. Moscow University (to found) by Lomonosov.
10. We (to call) Zhukovski the father of Russian aviation.

Answers: 1 saw. 2. will be received. 3. will give. 4. be found. 5. shall show. 6. find. 7. is divided. 8. established. 9. was founded. 10 call.

Exercise 8. Send the following sentences to Passive Voice.

1. Not stole a lot of money from the shop.
2. By six o'clock they had finished the work.
3. At twelve o'clock the workers were loading the trucks.
4. By three o'clock the workers had loaded the trucks.
5. We send our daughter to rest in the south every year.
6. They will show this film on TV.
7. They are building a new concert hall in our street.
8. I bought potatoes yesterday.
9. We shall bring the books tomorrow.
10. They are repairing the clock now.
11. They sell milk in this shop.
12. I have translated the whole text.
13. They broke the window last week.
14. When I came home, they had eaten the sweets.
15. We shall do the work in the evening.
16. He wrote this book in the 19th century.
17. They were playing tennis from four to five.
18. They have made a number of important experiments in this laboratory.
19. Livingstone explored Central Africa in the 19th century.
20. By the middle of autumn we had planted all the trees.
21. They will stage this play at the beginning of next season.
22. They have forgotten the story.
23. Has anybody explained the rules of the game to you?
24. They haven't brought back my skates.

Answers: 1. A lot of money was stolen from the shop. 2. By six o'clock the work had been finished. 3. At twelve o'clock the trucks were being loaded. 4. By three o'clock the trucks had been loaded. 5. Our daughter is sent to rest in the south every year. 6. This film will be shown on TV. 7. A new concert hall is being built in our street. 8. Potatoes were bought yesterday. 9. The books will be brought tomorrow. 10. The clock is being repaired now. 11. Milk is sold in this shop. 12. The whole text has been translated.. 13. The window was broken last week. 14. When I came home, the sweets had been eaten. 15. The work will be done in the evening. 16. This book was written in the 19th century. 17. Tennis was being played. from four to five. 18. The number of important experiments K-we were made in this laboratory. 19. Central Africa was explored by Livingstone in the 19th century. 20. By the middle of autumn all the trees had been planted. 21. This play will be staged at the beginning of next season. 22. The story has been forgotten. 23. Have the rules of the game been explained to you? 24. My skates haven't been brought back.

Exercise 9. Send the following sentences to Active Voice. Enter any suitable subjects.

1. The room was cleaned and aired.
2. Have all these books been read?
3. Whom were these letters written by?
4. The letter has just been typed.
5. She showed me the picture which had been painted by her husband.
6. I shall not be allowed to go there.
7. He has been told everything, so he knows what to do now.
8. All the questions must be answered.
9. The door has been left open.
10. Betty was met at the station.
11. The girl was not allowed to go to the concert.
12. She said that the new timetable had not yet been hung up on the notice board.
13. The roast chicken was eaten with appetite.
14. It was so dark, that the houses could not be seen.
15. The light has not yet been turned off.
16. The boy was punished for misbehaving.
17. By three o'clock everything had been prepared.
18. The dictation was written without mistakes.
19. Whom was the poem written by?
20. Her dress was washed and ironed.
21. I was not blamed for the mistakes.
22. The papers had been looked through and corrected by the next lesson.
23. This house was built last year.
24. The letter has just been sent.
25. This article will be translated at the lesson on Tuesday.
26. When will this book be returned to the library?

Answers: I. She cleaned and aired the room. 2. Have you read all these books? 3. Who wrote these letters? 4. The secretary has just typed the letter. 5. She showed me the picture which her husband had painted. 6. My parents will not allow me to go there. 7. We have told him everything so he knows what to do. 8. You must answer all the questions. 9. They have left the door open. 10. We met Betty at the station.
II. The girl's mother did not allow her to go to the concert. 12. She said that they had not yet hung up the new timetable on the notice board. 13. We ate the chicken with appetite. 14. It was so dark that we could not see the houses. 15. They have not yet turned off the light. 16. She punished the boy for misbehaving. 17. By three o'clock we had prepared everything. 18. We wrote the dictation without mistakes. 19. Who wrote the poem? 20. She washed and ironed her dress. 21. They didn't blame me for the mistakes. 22. The teacher had looked through and corrected the papers by the next lesson. 23.They built this house last year. 24. We have just sent the letter. 25. We shall translate this article at the lesson on Tuesday. 26. When will you return this book to the library?

Exercise 10. Translate into English using the verbs in Passive Voice.

1. We were shown a very strange picture.
2. They are looking for you. Go home.
3. You will all be invited to the hall and told about all the changes in the school curriculum.
4. Why is he always laughed at?
5. We were all given tickets to the exhibition.
6. The lectures of this famous professor are always listened to with great attention.
7. Someone is waiting for me?
8. They were asked three difficult questions.
9. The director has already been sent for. Wait a bit.
10. Everyone was invited to a big hall.
11. These letters have been reviewed. They can be sent.
12. The guide met them at the station and took them to the hotel.
13. These magazines should be returned to the library next week.
14. In our classes, a lot of attention is paid to pronunciation.
15. Ivanov was ordered to explain why he missed classes.
16. Will I be invited to your party?
17. The children were left at home alone.

Answers: 1. We were shown a very strange picture. 2. You are being looked at. go home. 3. All of you will be gathered in the hall and told about all the changes in the school curriculum. 4. Why is he always laughing at? 5. All of us were given tickets to the exhibition. 6. The lectures of this famous professor are always listened to with great attention. 7. Am I being waited for? 8. They were asked three difficult questions. 9. The headmaster has already been sent for. Please wait a little. 10. Everybody was invited to a big hall. 11. These letters have been looked through. They can be sent. 12. At the station they were met by the guide and taken to the hotel. 13. These magazines must be returned to the library next week. 14. At our lessons much attention is paid to pronunciation. 15. Ivanov was told to explain why he missed classes. 16. Shall I be invited to your party? 17. The children were left alone at home.

WELL DONE!

Literature:

1. Pavlichenko O.M. English language. Grammar practice. II level. - 2nd ed., corrected. and additional - X .: Ranok, 2012. - 304 p.
2. Golitsynsky Yu.B. Grammar: A collection of exercises. - 5th ed., - St. Petersburg: KARO, 2005. - 544 p. - (English for schoolchildren).

IN English language, as in Russian, the verb “awarded” with the grammatical category “pledge” (voice). He has two of them - active (Active) and passive (Passive). About how the latter “behaves” - Passive Voice - a passive voice - in the time of Present Perfect (Real Perfect), and we are talking today.

General information

An action, whatever it may be, cannot do without an object or a subject. The object is needed to perform the same action, and then the Active voice (active voice):

A famous journalist always writes many interesting articles - A famous journalist always writes interesting articles.

In this case, the journalist is the object of action and the subject, since he himself and no one else writes his articles. But there are times when the subject of the action comes to the fore, and then the action begins. Passive voice (passive voice):

Many interesting articles are written by a famous journalist - Many interesting articles are written by a famous journalist.

Here the subject of the action is articles. Despite their "inaction", they displace the "journalist" and come to the fore. Now they are the subject of the sentence and the predicate expressed by the verb "are written" depends entirely on it (it is in the plural, like the subjects).

Education

Passive or passive voice (Passive voice) in English is formed using two verbs: auxiliary to be and the main verb in the 3rd form. The auxiliary verb is the inflected part of this complex construction. It changes in person, number and tense. As for the main verb, if it belongs to the group of regular verbs, then the ending -ed is attached to its stem. In the case when the semantic verb belongs to the group of irregular verbs, it is taken from the third column of the table of irregular verbs.

TOP 3 articleswho read along with this

If the action is performed using an inanimate object (material, tool), then the preposition with is used (The roofs are covered with white snow - The roofs are covered with white snow). When the "initiator" of the action is a person, then the preposition by is used (The picture is drawn by a famous artist - The picture is drawn by a famous artist).

Denial and question

In order to build negative sentence, a negative particle is needed not (not) . In the passive voice, it is placed between the auxiliary verb to be and a semantic verb in the 3rd form:

The toy is not broken - The toy is not broken.

The desk is not cleaned - The desk has not been cleaned.

In an interrogative sentence, the direct word order inherent in English is violated. Auxiliary verb comes first to be . Followed by the subject and the main verb:

Is the rule learned by students? - Is the rule learned by the students?

Rules and examples of sentences Present Perfect Passive voice

As mentioned above, the auxiliary verb in the Passive voice construction changes according to person numbers and tenses. Depending on what time we have in front of us, the auxiliary verb takes on this form to be , while the main verb remains unchanged in the 3rd form.

Time design Present Perfect (Present Perfect) - have/has + 3rd verb form . Now we substitute the Passive voice data into this formula and get a new Present Perfect Passive voice construction: have/has + been (auxiliary verb to be in 3rd form) + main verb in 3rd form . Now let's see how it "works" in practice:

The house has already been built. It is wonderful - The house has already been built. He is beautiful (The action took place in the recent past, but its result is visible in the present)

This book has not been discussed yet. He worries about it. The book hasn't been discussed yet. He worries about it. (The action happened in the past, but is still relevant in the present)

Have you never been deceived? Have you ever been lied to?

Since there are two auxiliary verbs in the Present Perfect Passive voice, when negating, the particle not (not) is placed after the first auxiliary verb(have / has not been written - has not been written). The same rule applies to the question: the first auxiliary verb comes first (Has was already written? - Was it written?)

What have we learned?

The Present Perfect Passive voice construction (Present Perfect in the passive voice) consists of two auxiliary verbs and one main verb in the 3rd form: have / has + been + the main verb in the 3rd form. It is used when an action happened in the past, but is still relevant in the present, and its result is visible in the present.

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In English, as in Russian, there is active voice(Active Voice) and passive(or passive) pledge (Passive Voice) .

The use of the passive voice.

1. When by itself action is more important than its performer, and the speaker wants to indicate exactly the action. For example:

A courier delivers mail every day. - The courier delivers mail every day. (Active Voice)
The mail is delivered every day. - Mail is delivered every day. (Passive voice)

In the first sentence, we indicate performer of the action, and in the second we use passive voice, because we want to emphasize the action itself, the fact of delivery, and not its performer.

2. Passive voice is used if the performer of the action is unknown, unimportant, or clear from the context:

These clothes are made in Italy. - These clothes are made in Italy.
The new laws will be discussed tomorrow. - New laws will be discussed tomorrow.

Therefore, in newspaper headlines and articles, in announcements, instructions, advertising texts The passive voice is used more often than the active voice:

The painting valuable was stolen from the museum last night. - A valuable painting was stolen from the museum last night.
The company was sold. - The company was sold.
Our vegetables are not sprayed with pesticides. - Our vegetables are not sprayed with pesticides.

3. The passive voice is used when talking about unpleasant situations and do not want to blame anyone, and also to give the statement more polite nature:

The party was spoilt. - The party was ruined.

The order wasn't dispatched yesterday but it will be done tomorrow. - The order was not sent yesterday, but it will be done tomorrow.

temporary forms.

All temporary forms of the passive voice consist of two parts: verb to be in definite tense And third form of the verb(past participle or Past Participle). As in the active voice, in the passive there are various tenses, forms, which we will consider.

It is important to remember that the third form of the verb is always present and remains the same in all tenses of the passive voice. Actually, we determine the time of the utterance by the form of the verb to be. Let's compare the forms of active and passive voice:

At the time of the group Perfect Continuous(Present, Past and Future) and Future Continuous the passive voice is not used. If it becomes necessary to use one of these tenses, they are replaced by the active voice or another tense.

To remember all the forms of the passive voice and the features of their use, let's turn to examples and explanations. We will look at the most commonly used forms of the passive voice.

If letters are written right now, at the moment of speech, then we use Present Continuous Passive:

A very common mistake is use Present Simple Passive instead of Present Continuous Passive. Do not forget that in all tenses of the Continuous group there must be a verb with the ending -ing, even in the passive voice. The word being indicates the procedural nature of the action. If you forget about the auxiliary verb being , your statement changes its meaning and turns into Present Simple . Compare:

past simple Passive is used to describe historical events, when the action itself (historical event, discovery) is more important than the one who performed it or it is not known who was the performer of the action:

The telephone was invented in 1876. - The telephone was invented in 1876.
The scientists say that this sculpture was made in the Roman Empire. - Scientists claim that this sculpture was made in the Roman Empire.

In the first example, the name of the inventor of the telephone is not important for us, and in the second we can only guess who made the sculpture.

I couldn't drive yesterday at 6 o'clock. My car was being serviced. I couldn't use the car at six o'clock. My car was being repaired.
While I was waiting, the room was being cleaned. While I was waiting, the room was being cleaned.

Once again I remind you that if action involves process, then the second auxiliary verb being is used.

Present Perfect Passive is often used when conveying news, if the performer unimportant, unknown or vice versa, clear from context:

The annual budget has been adopted. - Adopted an annual budget.
The protests have been suppressed. - The protests were suppressed.

In the examples given, which can be heard on the news, the performer of the action is not indicated, because it is already clear to us who passes the budget, suppresses protests and arrests robbers.

If your proposal two actions and one of them happened before the other, this should be indicated using Past Perfect:

She got into a car and remembered that the door hadn "t been locked. - She got into the car and remembered that the door was not closed.
We came in and saw that the room had been cleaned. - We went in and saw that the room had been cleaned.

If you forgot in which cases Past Perfect is used, we recommend that you look.

Concerning future times, their functions in the passive voice do not differ from those in the active voice. Often passive forms of future tenses are used in promises and assurances. For example:

The room will be cleaned tomorrow, I promise. - The room will be cleaned tomorrow, I promise.
The report will have been finished by midday. - The report will be finished by noon.

"Agent of action" and transfer from active to passive voice.

Despite the fact that in the passive voice the action is more significant than its performer (action agent), it can be specified in the sentence when necessary. The agent is introduced into the sentence with the preposition BY:

The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell. - The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell.
The damage was caused by the hurricane. - The damage was caused by a hurricane.

When a sentence is transformed from active to passive, the object (object) becomes the subject (subject), and the subject becomes the agent (agent):

To indicate in the passive voice object, tool, material or ingredient, with which the action was performed, the WITH preposition is used:

The door was opened with a crowbar. - The door was opened with a crowbar.
The toys are made with paper, plastic or rubber. - Toys are made of paper, plastic or rubber.

When translating from active to passive, do not specify the agent if the agent of the action unimportant, unknown or obvious, and also if in the active voice the following is indicated as the subject: people, somebody, someone, one, they:

If we want to know who is the performer of the action, then we use the question words WHO or WHAT, and at the end of the question the preposition BY:

Who was telephone invented by? - Who invented the telephone?
What was the damage caused by? - What caused the damage?

Verbs with two complements and verbs with prepositions.

Difficulties arise with verbs that can have two objects: bring, give, offer, pay, promise, read, sell, send, show, take, teach, tell and others.

Since these and many other verbs have two objects, they can form two passive sentences. However, when translating into the passive voice, the person is usually made the subject, not the object:

If the active voice uses phrasal verbs , and those verbs followed by pretext, then in the passive voice the preposition must be preserved:

The passive voice is more typical for writing than for oral. The passive voice is more commonly used in business communication than in everyday life. The passive voice prevails in scientific English, when describing processes, in instructions and rules.

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To master English perfectly, it is not enough to learn the use of only 12 tenses of the active voice. In everyday life, sometimes we have to deal with situations when, for example, we do not know the person who carried out the action, but we want to talk about the events that took place. How then to express them? For such cases, the English use passive voice, which in translation into Russian means passive, or otherwise passive, pledge. Today we will analyze one of its directions found in speech and texts - the past perfect passive. We will learn how the constructions of this time are formed and work out the skill of using them by performing thematic exercises.

Why use the passive voice?

Studying English in theory, for the time being, students do not have to meet passive voice in texts or speech. But when a person reaches an average level of knowledge of English and proceeds to independent reading of newspapers, magazines and books, he immediately comes across this construction in the texts. There are several typical cases of using predicates in an inactive form. Let's consider them.

The passive voice is used when the speaker wants to emphasize the significance of events / actions, and not the person who committed them. At the same time, the object is put in the foreground, on which the action itself is performed.

• Olgahasdoneallexercises– Olga did everything exercises (emphasis on the person who performed the action).
• AllexerciseshavebeendonebyOlga – Everything exercises were made by Olga(the fact of the action is important).

It is impossible to do without the use of passive voice in cases where it is not possible to accurately determine the performer of actions.

• Thisstoresendsemailseveryweek– This store sends emails every week.(face known)
• Theseemailsaresenteveryweek– These emails are sent every week(unknown who)

Also, the passive voice is often found in the media and official speech, for example, when discussing the negative consequences of events in which there is no one to blame or they do not want to name the culprit. In addition, such constructions are used to give the statement a polite and neutral connotation.

• Hiselectioncampaignwasfailed “His election campaign was a failure.
• Yourrequestwasn't'tprocessedyesterdaybutitwillbeprocessedtoday – Your request was not processed yesterday, but it will be processed today.

As can be seen from the above examples, the passive form can be used not only in the past perfect passive, but also in almost any tense, except for the continued future and the perfect continuous (Future / Perfect Progressive). If you need to describe the process of action, you should use the passive forms of the Present / Past Continuous tenses or even put the sentence in the active voice. It is impossible to immediately consider all types of passive constructions, therefore today we will study only one temporary group.

The passive voice of this tense has the same meaning as the real one - to show the completion of one action before, or at the moment, the beginning / origin of another. Such sentences are used, of course, not as often as the forms of the present and past tense, but sometimes they are found both in texts and in colloquial speech. Let us consider in more detail the rules for their construction, which will help us later correctly perform practical exercises.

The construction of the past perfect tense in passive voice consists of three main parts: auxiliary verb have in the past tense, the corresponding form of the verb to be and participle II. The generalized scheme is as follows.

Thefax (1) hadbeen (2) sent (3) beforethebosscame attheoffice (4) – The fax was sent before the boss arrived at the office.

The interrogative and negative forms of the passive voice of this tense group are formed with the help of auxiliary word had. When creating a question, this piece is simply brought forward.

Had (1) work (2)been (3) finished (4) by that time (5) ? – Was the work finished by then?

To make a negation, they take the construction of an affirmation and simply add the negative word not to had.

Theletter (1) hadn'tbeen (2) written(3) yetwhenIreturned home (4) The letter had not yet been written when I returned home.

There are cases when the interrogative form is used with negation. This is necessary, for example, if we want to clarify whether something has really not been done. For such a situation, the scheme will have the following form.

Had (1) the letter (2) not been (3) written (4) when you returned home (5)? – LetternotIt waswritten,whenyoureturnedhome?

Note that when constructing a negative question, not stays next to been, rather than following had at the beginning of the sentence.

To memorize the rules and work out the construction of structures, we present sample sentences in all possible variations.

We have worked out the main types of speech constructions of the past perfect tense, in which passive voice can be used. It's time to test your strength in performing various tasks. We wish you successful completion of all exercises!

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