English did do does. When is the verb do written, and when does. Auxiliary verb have

One of the key grammatical themes is precisely, and this is quite logical, since the verbto do takes a direct part in the formation of basic English tenses. In addition, it can perform as many as two functions in a sentence - being an auxiliary verb (not translated in any way) and semantic (in the meaning of "do").

How is the use of do did does different in English?

Let's try to figure out what's different use of do did does in English. All three options are forms to do, but are applied in different cases. Pay attention to the examples.

example	translation	note
I do my homework in English every evening.	I do homework in English every evening.	simple present tense ( present simple ), affirmative sentence; 1st person singular
Miranda does this better than you.	Miranda does it better than you.	simple present tense ( present simple), affirmative sentence; 3rd person singular
How often do they play tennis?	How often do they play tennis?	simple present tense ( present simple), interrogative sentence; 3rd person plural
We don't want to do that.	We don't want to do this.	simple present tense ( present simple), negative sentence; 2nd person plural
He did the cleaning yesterday.	He did the cleaning yesterday.	simple past tense ( past simple), affirmative sentence
What did they do last Monday?	What did they do last Monday?	simple past tense ( past simple), interrogative sentence
I didn't know what to do.	I didn't know what to do.	simple past tense ( past simple), negative sentence

That is use of do did does in English language depends on the tense, the type of sentence, and the person doing the action in the situation you're talking about.

The use of do in English. Rules

As for the rules themselves use of do in English, then they are next.

1. The use of do in English as a semantic verb.

Everything here depends on time. In the simple present tense, there are two forms of the verb to do, the choice of the right one is based on the person who performs the action. As a rule, for he, she, it use does, and for I and plural - do.

In the past tense, you just need to take did(verb form to do for past simple). Did suitable for all persons and numbers. We are definitely lucky here.

2. The use of do in English as an auxiliary verb.

To form a negation or a question in the simple present and past tenses, you again have to resort to do did. Pay attention to the examples:

example	translation	notes
I don't do this every day.	I don't do it every day.	present simple,
She doesn't do this every day.	She doesn't do it every day.	present simple,
Do you do this every day?	Do you do it every day?	present simple, question; 2nd person plural
Does she do this every day?	Does she do this every day?	present simple,
I didn't do this yesterday.	I didn't do it yesterday.	past simple, negation; 1st person singular
She didn't do this yesterday.	She didn't do it yesterday.	past simple, negation; 3rd person singular
Did you do this?	You did it?	past simple, question; 2nd person singular
Did she do this?	She made it?	past simple, question; 3rd person singular

That is, for negation in the simple present tense, you need don't (I, we, you, they) and doesn't (he, she, it), and for the question we have to endure do or does in front of the person who performs the action in the sentence. The same thing happens in the past tense, only there are fewer options. Didn't- for negation (all faces), did- for a question (we also take it out in front of the face).

The use of do and does in English. How not to get confused?

Sometimes use of do and does in English becomes a real problem. How not to get confused? Let's first look at possible errors.

1. She doesn't do any tasks (wrong! )

She doesn't do any tasks (right!)

Here doesn't already indicates negation and present tense, and do is a semantic verb

2. Does she does any tasks? (wrong! )

Does she do any tasks? (right!)

Does at the beginning indicated that this is a question and the present tense for she(3rd person, singular), that's enough

3. He didn't did it's better (wrong! )

He didn't do it's better (right!)

After the auxiliary verb, it is important to use the infinitive without to

The secret is that the auxiliary verb must be followed by the initial form. That is, according to the rule, you cannot apply the ending

In order to put a question in English, in most cases you need to use either the verb to be(in forms am, is or are), or the verb to do (does- for a third party). We figure out how not to make a mistake in the choice.

1. Action

If present verb => use an auxiliary verb to do (does).

I teach => Do I teach?
you work => Do you work?
he sleeps => Does he sleep?

2. Condition

If the sentence expresses a "state" => the appropriate form of the verb is used to be.

she is lazy => Is she lazy?
I am teacher => Am I a teacher?
he is 16 => Is he 16?
You are here => Are are you here?

The exercise

Click on the line in the table below to see the English translation of the phrase.

PHRASE	TRANSLATION
are you a student?	are you a pupil?
is he an employee?	is he a worker?
are you 20 years old?	are you 20?
does he teach?	does he teach?
it works?	does he work?
do you stay up late?	do are you going to bed late?
are you cooking lunch?	do you cook lunch?
what does he do in the evening?	what does did he do in the evening?
how old is he?	how old is he?
what time does he have breakfast?	what time does do you have breakfast?
where is her store?	where is her shop?
when does your mother cook dinner?	when does your mother cook dinner?
what time do you usually wake up?	what time do do you usually wake up?
where are you going?	where do you go?
when's your birthday?	when is your birthday?

Understanding the rule is not enough. Need to develop automatism in use regular verb. This free exercise simulator will help with this (in additional exercises, the complexity increases).
There are 16 voiced phrases in the exercise:
in the first block choose the option that exactly matches the voiced phrase;

in the second block write the same phrases under dictation.

Listen and repeat ALOUD phrases in English after the announcer. Translation of phrases into Russian is given after the completion of each task (phrase).

In this article, we will look at the rules for their use and common mistakes.

Two important points about the verb To Do

If you don't know what a "to do verb" is, read the article first. But even if you are familiar with the topic, two points are worth recalling.

1. The difference between Do, Does, Don't Doesn't

First of all, let's be clear that do, does, don't doesn't are all forms of the verb to do.

Do, does- affirmative forms.
Do not, does not are negative forms.
Don't, doesn't is short for do not, does not.

2. The verb to do as an auxiliary or semantic

Let me also remind you that the verb to do is used as an auxiliary or semantic.

Auxiliarytodo needed to build different grammatical structures. First of all, negatives and questions:

Do I like jazz? - I like jazz?

I don't like jazz. - I don't like jazz.

semantic verbtodo used in the meaning of “do, engage, perform” or (less often) to enhance the meaning of another verb - in the translation, in this case, words like “really” are added:

I do my homework in the evenings. – I do my homework in the evenings.

I do like jazz. – I really like jazz.

Let's move on to the do and does forms.

Do or Does? - three point rule

Does used with pronouns in the singular of the third person he, she, it, For example:

He does the laundry on Sundays. He does laundry on Sundays.

She does not like watermelons. She doesn't like watermelons.

It does matter. – It really matters.

Does also used not only with pronouns, but also with any that can be replaced with he, she, it - most often it is.

Margaret does morning exercises every day. Margaret does exercises every day.

A postman doesn't ring twice. The postman doesn't ring twice.

Do used with all other pronouns in the singular and plural, as well as with words that can be replaced by these nouns.

I do the dishes, you do the laundry. I wash the dishes, you do the laundry.

We don't have any books on economics. We don't have books on economics.

The players don't look like they are going to give up. The players don't look like they're about to give up.

Common mistakes in using Do, Does

Consider a few common mistakes in use Does and Do.

1. Does in the past tense

Does is the present tense form of the verb to do, it is never used in the past tense. Beginners sometimes mistakenly build structures like this:

He did not does the test. He didn't pass the test.

The reaction is triggered: there is a pronoun he (she, it) = needs does. In fact, this, of course, does not apply to the past tense. It will be correct like this:

He did not do the test.

2. Does in the future tense

The same applies to the future tense. In the future tense verb to do takes shape will do. Form does not needed in the future.

Right:

He will do a hat trick. - He will score a hat-trick.

Not properly:

He will do a hat trick.

3. Do, Does after names of people, names of places

As with the verb, textbooks often give examples of people's names being followed by does, which is logical, because if we are talking about a person in the third person singular, you really need does:

John doesn't like jazz. John doesn't like jazz.

Julia does a lot of work. Julia does a lot of work.

But a habit may arise that “name in a sentence” = does. This is not true. If the subject is expressed by a name or names in the plural, use do:

John and Julia don't like jazz. John and Julia don't like jazz.

The Peters don't move anywhere this year. The Peterses (Peters family) are not moving anywhere this year.

The same goes for other proper names.

Moscow doesn't believe in tears. - Moscow does not believe in tears.

Needed here does, because "Moscow" is a noun in the singular and in the third person.

The Unites States don't believe in tears. The United States does not believe in tears.

Here do, because "The United States" is the third person, but plural.

4. Does after nouns like “people”

Some nouns have a meaning, although they look like singular nouns (they do not have characteristic endings). In this case, you need to be guided by the meaning of the word, and not by the form.

For example, the word people can mean 1) people, a group of people, 2) people. In the first case it is plural, in the second it is singular.

Respectively:

Many people don't have pets. Many people don't have pets.

My people don't like strangers. “My people do not like strangers.

In the first case do, because "people" is used as a plural noun, in the second does, because "people" is singular.

5. Does, Do in negatives and questions

In negative and interrogative sentences, it often happens that the verb to do is used twice: as auxiliary(to build a structure) and how semantic(meaning "to do"). In this case, the form does can take only ONE verb to do - auxiliary.

I will give examples. The auxiliary verb is underlined, the semantic verb is in bold.

Not properly:

He doesn'tt does

She doesn'tt does

Does he does

Does she does

Right:

He doesn'tt do his homework. He doesn't do his homework.

She doesn'tt do her research. She is not working on research.

Does he do his homework? - He is doing homework?

Does she do her research? Is she working on research?

Every language has elementary rules that, for one reason or another, turn out to be difficult both to remember and to follow. In English, such an example is the choice rule between do or does, forms of the auxiliary verb to do. The guide to action is quite simple, and it is based on the distinction between personal pronouns in number and person.

Definition

Both do and does refer to the present tense and are forms of the auxiliary verb to do, which, along with to have and a number of other verbs, serves primarily to indicate that a question or negation is being formulated.

Comparison

For greater clarity, all personal pronouns, which define the difference between do and does, can be represented in the form of such a table:

Only one cell of this table - the third person singular - requires the use of does, the rest are content with the shorter do. But the memory problem remains, despite the simplicity. We can offer you a helper algorithm: first, all personal plural pronouns require a do verb. Secondly, if you are dealing with a singular personal pronoun, then when referring to someone or talking about yourself (I do this; you do this), use do when describing the actions of someone (he / she / it (in the case of an animal) does something) - does.

We/you/they do gymnastics in the morning. We/You/They do/eat morning exercises.
I do gymnastics in the morning. I do exercises in the morning.
He/she/it does gymnastics in the morning. He/she/it does exercises in the morning.

In interrogative sentences, everything is the same - when asking about someone (for the singular), use does, for someone - do.

Does he/she/it like milk? Does he/she/it like milk?
And for first and second person:
What do I/you want to do? What do you want to do / What do I want to do? (and why not ask yourself, really).

And do not forget that all of the above applies only to the present time - Present Simple. Dealing with the past tense past simple, you can forget about the difference between do and does, and feel free to use the third form of the auxiliary verb to do - did.

Findings site

For personal plural pronouns, do is always used to indicate the present.
For personal pronouns in the singular does, we only need to describe the actions of one person / animal (third person), both in affirmative and negative / interrogative sentences. When talking about yourself or referring to another person (first and second person), use do.

The verb to do is conjugated in all active and passive tenses according to the general rules of verb conjugation. The verb to do is used as auxiliary verb and as semantic verb

Using to do as an auxiliary verb

For the formation of the interrogative and negative forms of Present and Past Indefinite from all verbs (except auxiliary and modal)
For the formation of the negative form of the imperative mood;
To enhance the meaning of the action expressed by the semantic verb in the affirmative form Present and Past Indefinite. In such cases, in Present Indefinite, the form do or does is used before the semantic verb ( does with 3rd person singular she, he, it), and in Past Indefinite - did the semantic verb is put in the form of an infinitive;
To strengthen the request before the form of the imperative mood. Do in such cases is also used before have and be;