Home> Free Lessons> Free English Practice> Affirmative English Sentences with Russian Translation

Here you can find: Affirmative English sentences with translation into Russian.

English sentence	Translating to Russian language
He wakes up at 7 am every morning.	He wakes up at 7 o'clock every morning.
Lara is always nice to old people.	Lara is always kind to the elderly.
My favorite food is pasta with cheese.	My favorite food is macaroni and cheese.
Let’s buy an ice-cream.	Let's buy some ice cream.
I have lots of free time at weekends.	I have a lot of free time on weekends.
Jenny has got two sisters and a brother.	Jenny has two sisters and one brother.
There is a new store in front of my house.	There is a new store opposite my house.
There are lots of people in the street today.	There are many people on the street today.
He would like to buy a new car.	He wants to buy a new car.
They like going to noisy parties.	They like to go to noisy parties.
He can sing and dance quite well.	He can sing and dance quite well.
We should discuss this before the meeting.	We need to discuss this before the meeting.
They may enter the classroom.	They can enter the classroom.
Tim is reading an interesting book at the moment.	Tim reads interesting book at the moment.
We are having a great time at the seaside.	We are having a great time on the coast.
The weather was fine in London.	The weather was good in London.
Lina and John were twice in Paris.	Lina and John have been to Paris twice.
This kid turned twelve last year.	This child turned twelve last year.
We came back rather late.	We got back quite late.
He offered to help me with heavy luggage.	He offered to help me with the heavy luggage.
He needed some time to make up his mind.	He needed time to decide on this.
I had to drive for hours to find their house.	I had to travel many hours to find their house.
Chris took up swimming to be fit.	Chris started swimming to keep fit.
There was a round table in the dining-room.	There was a round table in the dining room.
There were three or more dishes on the table.	There were three or more dishes on the table.
When dad arrived, we were cooking dinner.	When dad came, we were preparing dinner.
She opened the door and let the stranger in.	She opened the door and let the stranger in.
After I woke up, I had breakfast.	After I woke up, I had breakfast.
We are going to have a picnic this Sunday.	We're going to a picnic this Sunday.
They will always love each other.	They will always love each other.
Valya is visiting Voronezh next week.	Valya will go to Voronezh next week.
The train arrives at 10.30.	The train arrives at 10.30.
They might be late as usual.	They may be late, as usual.
She will have finished reading this book by tomorrow.	She will finish reading this book by tomorrow.
I will be playing football on Tuesday afternoon.	I will play football on Thursday afternoon.
If you heat ice, it melts.	If you reheat the ice, it will melt.
If it rains, I will wear my raincoat.	If it rains, I'll put on my raincoat.
If the weather is good, we can go to the park.	If the weather is good, we can go to the park.
If I were you, I would definitely call her.	If I were you, I would probably call her.
If I won a lottery, I would buy a large house.	If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.
If I had bought that coat, I would have been warm now.	If I bought that coat, I would feel warm right now.
I insisted on having another day off.	I insisted that I have one more day off.
It is desirable that all work be finished today.	It is advisable that all the work be done today.
Their ideas are supported by the government.	Their ideas are supported by the government.
Samantha was sacked because of her rude behavior.	Samantha was fired for abusive behavior.
We will be pleased to see you next week.	We look forward to seeing you next week.
She asked me to send him a letter.	She asked me to send him a letter.
She said she would really like to join us on Saturday.	She said that she would very much like to join us on Saturday.
Winter was approaching, so we had to buy some warm clothes.	Winter was close, so we had to buy warm clothes.
Whenever you are sad, simply look at this picture and cheer up.	When you're sad, just take a look at this picture and cheer up.

How to make questions from statements in English

A sentence that talks about something is called a statement, or a declarative sentence (in more detail, the structure and types of sentences in English language(discussed in the section on sentence structure). In modern English, auxiliary verbs are the only verbs that can be placed before a subject in a sentence to form a question.

He is a good fellow. ( statement)
He is a good guy.

Is he a good fellow? ( question)
He is a good guy?

They have won the race. = Have they won the race?
They won the race. = Did they win the races?

The cat will kill the mice. = Will the cat kill the mice?
The cat will catch the mice. = Will the cat catch the mice?

If the sentence uses other verbs (not auxiliary), then auxiliary do and its forms ( does or did) must be placed before the subject.

John enjoys playing tennis. ( statement)
John likes to play tennis.

Does John enjoy playing tennis? ( question)
Does John like playing tennis?

Sharon makes models from clay. = Does Sharon make models from clay?
Sharon makes clay figures. = Sharon makes clay figures?

Alice goes to school by train. = Does Alice go to school by train?
Alice travels to school by train. = Does Alice take the train to school?

The children practice the violin each morning. = Do the children practice the violin each morning?
Children practice violin every morning. = Do children practice violin every morning?

Our team played well yesterday. = Did our team play well yesterday?
Our team played well yesterday. = Did our team play well yesterday?

He fell from the ladder. = Did he fall from the ladder?
He fell down the stairs. = Did he fall down the stairs?

They went to Mumbai. = Did they go to Mumbai?
They went to Mumbai. = Did they go to Mumbai?

She likes to see pictures. = Does she like to see pictures?
She likes to see pictures.

Present Simple or simple present in English

Does she like to see pictures?

They make good cheese. = Do they make good cheese?
They make good cheese. = Do they make good cheese?

Negative questions

He does not like it. ( negative statement)
He doesn't like it.

Does he not like it? OR Doesn’t he like it? ( negative question)
Doesn't he like it?

They do not eat meat. = Do they not eat meat? OR Don’t they eat meat?
They don't eat meat. = Do they not eat meat?

Affirmative English sentences with translation into Russian. Practice English

English language: lessons online

Elementary level

Lesson 1. Sentence in English. Personal pronouns and possessive adjectives. The verb to be. The category of the number of nouns.

Topic 4. Word order in interrogative sentences

As in Russian, there are several types of questions in English. Let's consider the word order in the main types of interrogative sentences.

General question

A general question is asked for the entire proposal and requires a yes / no answer. In Russian, it is formed with the help of intonation changes: Is this your car? Are you happy?

In English in this type of question
the FIRST is put in the first place,
on the second - SUBJECT,
in third place are the SECONDARY parts of the proposal.

(2) Are (1) you (3) angry with me?
(Are) you angry with me?

(2) Is (1) our daughter (3) at school?
(Is) our daughter at school?

Special question

A special question is asked for a specific word (group of words) and contains a question word.

The necessary QUESTION WORD is put in the first place,
on the second - FABULOUS,
in third place - SUBJECT,
in fourth place are the SECONDARY members of the proposal.

(4) When (2) is (1) your birthday?
When is your birthday?

(4) What (2) are (3) your marks(4) today?
What (are) your grades today?

Basic question words:
What, Where, When, Why, Who, How.

There are also interrogative phrases that appear as one interrogative word in a sentence: How old (how old), What color (what color), etc.

Question to the subject

This is a kind of ad hoc question. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that the question word WHO (for animate objects) or WHAT (for inanimate) is at the same time and question word and subject. Formally, this is a question, but in essence it is an affirmative sentence, respectively, the word order in the question to the subject will be the same as in an affirmative sentence.

(1) Who (2) is (3) that man?
Who (is) that person?

(1) What (2) is (3) this?
What (is) it?

In the article "Writing sentences in English" we discussed how to make the simplest sentences in English, such as "I am a student", "Children at home", when there is no verb in Russian, and the verb to be is used in English. But how can one make a negation or a question out of these sentences?

Negative sentences

Negation with the verb to be is extremely simple. In Russian we say “I'm not a student”, and in English we also have this particle “not” - “not”. Respectively,

rewrite an affirmative sentence
I am a student
negative can be added by adding "not":
I am not a student

With other to be forms, everything works according to the same logic:

He is not a student
They are not students

Short negative forms

Frequently used in speech abbreviated forms to be and denial. Let's look at two sentences:

We are not students = We aren’t students

These sentences mean exactly the same thing, just in the negation the spelling and pronunciation changes slightly.

By the same logic, “She is not a student” means the same as “She isn’t a student”, and “I am not a student” is identical to “I’m not a student”. I.e,

I am not = I’m not
is not = isn't
are not = aren't

Interrogative sentences in English

In Russian, we ask questions in such sentences with the help of intonation: the statement "Your mother is a doctor" is different from the question "Is your mother a doctor?" only intonation.

In English, to compose a question, you need to change the order of the words. "Your mother is a doctor" - "Your mother is a doctor". Who are we talking about? - about your mother (your mother), i.e. it is the subject. Where is the verb? - is, i.e. it is a predicate. To make a question, you need to swap them, i.e. put the form to be (am, is or are) first. As a result, we get: "Is your mother a doctor?"

Another example, "Are their children at home?" In a statement, we would first say "their children", then the verb (are), and then everything else (at home), and it would be "Their children are at home." But we make up a question, so we put "are" in the first place: "Are their children at home?"

By the same logic, "Am I right?" translate as "Am I right?"

Short answer in English

To answer such questions succinctly, it is not enough to say yes or no. Let's remember that "to be" is translated as "to be, to be." That is, when you are asked “Are you a student?”, It means “Are you a student?”, And you need to answer “Yes, I am” (Yes, I am) or “No, I am not” (No, I am not).

In fact, in the short answer, we simply discard all additional information, leaving only the pronoun and verb. Pay attention to the pronoun. So, to the question "Is Mike at work?" (Is Mike at work?) You can answer “Yes, he is” or “No, he isn’t”.

Conjugation of the verb to be

To put all this information into a system, look at the question-short answer-affirmation-denial groups:

Am I right? - Yes, I am. I am right. / No, I’m not. I am not right.
Are you right? - Yes, you are. You are right. / No, you aren’t. You are not right.
Is he right? - Yes, he is. He is right. / No, he isn't. He is not right.
Are we right? - Yes, we are. We are right. / No, we aren't. We are not right.
Are they right? - Yes, they are.

Sentences in English

They are right. / No, they aren’t. They are not right.

Just like in Russian, in English there are different types of sentences that are formed in terms of purpose. Here we can talk about the declarative type (about affirmative and negative sentences), interrogative (sentences with a question) and exclamation, as well as phrases in the imperative mood. Understanding their structure is extremely important if you want to master a foreign language in full.

Language learners know how important it is to understand the principles of composing each of the types of sentences, because if you do not follow strict rules, then the constructions will be meaningless and completely incomprehensible to a native English speaker. The study of the topic usually begins with declarative affirmative options - we will talk about them in the article.

Affirmative sentence: what is it?

It is accepted to consider as affirmative such a sentence in which the connection that exists between the object and what is said about it in the construction really and really exists or is realized as such. A sentence in this form is a very popular language tool in everyday speech. With its help, you can express emotionality, ease. We meet this form all the time, because its task is to assert any specific thought.

Examples of affirmative sentences (Affirmative Sentences):

She works at the library... - She works in the library.

Ann lives in Moscow... - Anna lives in Moscow.

It rains a lot in autumn... - It often rains in autumn.

Sam and I like playing chess... - Sam and I love to play chess.

How is an Affirmative sentence constructed?

Sentences with an affirmative form are built according to one of the simplest principles: you don't have to use any special particles to form them. The challenge for the English learner is not to neglect the classical order that is characteristic of the language. Everything you need to compose affirmative sentence- use the following construction scheme:

• subject;
• predicate
• minor members.

Examples:

I work in a coffee shop... - I work in a coffee shop.

We swim every Monday... - We swim every Monday.

However, there are some nuances here: for example, in a number of tense forms like Perfect and Future there are auxiliary verbs, which will be included in the structure of the predicate, and are also used after the subject.

Examples:

She has eaten too much today, it's time to stop ... - She ate too much today, it would be time to stop.

Sam will come in a five weeks, I suppose ... “Alex is coming in five weeks, I guess.

When we want to form a statement, we must remember that the circumstances in them are used in a certain order, which is customary to follow. In the beginning - the adverbs of place, and then time. Of course, there are exceptions - in the event that a special author's vision of the text is implied, which implies greater expressiveness.

Example:

Ann went to Russia last month... - Anna went to Russia last month.

Simple sentences in English that underline a specific statement and end with a period are called declarative sentences.

Affirmative Sentence and Present Simple

Time Present Simplealso called the Simple present. It should be used in cases where you need to say about something mundane, simple or familiar - for example, about our daily routine. Going to work, brushing your teeth, breakfast, reading for book lovers, training for athletes, and so on. We are talking about the usual rituals that fill the life of every person. Usually all the actions mentionedPresent Simplerepeated on a regular basis.

As for the construction of such sentences, then everything is as we said at the beginning of the article: first we put the subject, and then the main semantic verb. If there is no second, then an auxiliary verb will come to the rescueam(with pronoun I), is(with pronounshe, she, itand third person singular nouns) orare(with other pronouns and plural nouns). At the end, we leave all the minor members of the sentence. This form is good in that we do not need to complicate the situation, we only use endings, and then only in the third person singular.

The rule for working with a verb is simple: use the first form of the verb (that is, the infinitive), but only without the to particle after the subject. If the subject is in the third person singular, add the ending - (e) s to the verb.

Examples:

She is a mother... - She's a mother.

He is interested in books... - He is interested in books.

My daughter plays in a orchestra ... - My daughter plays in the orchestra.

The verb will not change if the action is doneI- I, you- you or you, we- we, they- they, as well as plural nouns (girls- girls, cats- cats, teachers- teachers).

The verb will change and the ending will be added to it -s or - esif the action is performedhe- is he, she- she is, it- it or this (singular for inanimate objects), as well as a noun in the singular (a boy- boy, a dog- dog, a teacher- teacher).

Examples:

He lives in Moscow... - He lives in Moscow.

My sister works in Los Angeles ... - My sister works in Los Angeles.

He reads magazines. - He reads magazines.

-S and -es endings in Present Simple

An important point in composing affirmative sentences with verbs of the present simple tense is to choose the right ending: we are talking about -s and - es, rules and exceptions in their use.

1. In most cases, the ending is added to verbs in the third person singular -s: read- reads, play- plays, swim- swims.
2. Verbs ending in -s, - sh, - ch, - tch, - x, - zit is necessary to add the ending -es... And the point here is not only that it is so historically accepted, but also the convenience of pronunciation: if there are two similar sounds next to each other, it will be difficult to pronounce them without a vowel-ligament:wish- wishes, box- boxes, march- marches.
3. There is a small group of verbs ending in -o... We also add the ending to them -es: do- does, go- goes.
4. Verbs ending in a consonant + -at, in the same way have the ending -es... Please note that here -y is replaced by - i: try- tries, fly- flies, study- studies.
5. For verbs ending in a vowel + -atyou just need to add at the end -s... But - atremains unchanged:say- says, pray- prays.
6. For the verb havewe will not use such endings. But the third person singular uses the formhas: I have a money- I have money;He has a money- He has money.
7. For the verb be in Present Simplehave their own forms -am, is, are.
8. Modal verbscan, may, must- special group which does not add any endings.

Affirmative Sentence and Past Simple

It is customary to use the simple past tense in cases when we need to say about a specific action that ended in the past. In most cases, we will find a clarification at what point the action took place:last year(Last year),two days ago(two days ago) and so on.

Building sentences inPast simple will remindPresent Simple, you can't do without small differences. Here we still put the subject in the first place, but it will be followed by an auxiliary verb.was(I, he, she, it) - this is in case the semantic is absent. But if the second is present in the sentence, then it will go after the subject and change its form. For irregular verbs, we specify the form in the table of irregular verbs, in other cases we use the ending -ed... We place minor members at the end of the sentence.

Examples:

She bought a tickets five hours ago ... “She bought the tickets five hours ago.

I was at the pool yesterday... - I was in the pool yesterday.

She showed me his book last week ... “She showed me her book last week.

Affirmative Proposition and Future Simple

Future simple or Simple future tense tells us about the action that must take place in the future. The principle of building such structures is simple: first comes the subject, then the auxiliary verb (shall or will) + semantic verb (infinitive).

Examples:

I will study biology next month ... - I will be studying biology next month.

We will go to the theater tomorrow ... - Tomorrow we will go to the theater.

Summing up, we can say that all types of tenses have their own similarities: the subject is always at the beginning, after - the verb (auxiliary or semantic), and then the secondary terms. But even in the arrangement of the latter, its own order is required, which should be studied for a better understanding of the topic.

Minor terms in the construction of the Affirmative sentence

Let's talk about additions, circumstances and definitions. The order in which they appear at the end of a sentence affects the meaning of the structure and its clarity. You can lose the meaning of what has been said if you neglect these simple rules:

• addition placed immediately after the verb;
• circumstance is located at the very end of a sentence, but there are very rare exceptions when it is at the beginning;
• definition can change its position, but it is important to remember that it will always be adjacent to the word being defined (which, by the way, is usually expressed by a noun).

Examples:

An old woman got a letter yesterday . - Elderly woman I received a letter yesterday.Oldhere is a definition, and therefore is placed before the defined wordwoman... Addition - letter- stands after the verbgot... Circumstanceyesterday, as you already understood, at the end of the sentence.

When constructing an English affirmative sentence, always remember what time you are dealing with, as well as what meaning is put into the construction. The word order is also important: it can distort the whole meaning of what is said, so that even a native speaker will not be able to understand you. foreign language... We recommend that you study the forms of auxiliary and semantic verbs and how to change them depending on the time - and then learning English will move to a new level!

And now we will analyze by examples the basics of composing simple sentences to express the past, present and future tense.

Building sentences in the Simple group

Affirmative sentences

Let's start with Present Simple. All affirmative sentences are structured as follows:

1. "I" in this example is the subject. It should not be confused with the complement, since the subject performs an action, and it is performed on the complement. Moreover, in Russian, the word order is not important to us, because it is already clear who is performing the action. We can freely say: "I eat the cake." But in English, it will not work to construct a sentence like that, because in the first place should be the one who performs the action, otherwise they will simply laugh at you when you say: "The cake is eating me." Even through passive voice such a phrase will sound very strange.
2. In second place should be the predicate, which expresses the action itself. In Russian, sentences with an incomplete grammatical base are often found, where there is no subject or predicate, or both are absent. In the latter case, we are dealing with an impersonal sentence: "Dark." In English, there should always be a subject and a predicate. So, if there is no verb in the Russian sentence, then it will definitely appear in English. Take, for example, a one-part sentence that does not contain the predicate: "The phone is on the table." To translate it correctly, we need to use the verb "to be", which connects the subject with the predicate. As a result, the phrase will literally translate as: "The phone is on the table."
3. In third place are the minor members of the sentence according to a certain rule: first, there is a direct addition (answers the question "who?", "What?", "Who?"), Then indirect (answers the same questions, but with ? "," To whom? ", Etc.). This rule is not always followed and is not strict.

As in Russian, english verbs change depending on the person. The main changes occur in the 3rd person singular (he, she, it), where the suffix "s" or "es" is added to the predicate. As a result, we get the sentence: “He goes to school”.

Negative sentences

In addition to the statement, there is also a negation, the scheme of which is as follows:

In this scheme, all the same components are found, except for the linking verb "do" and the particle "not", which is equivalent to the negative particle "not" in Russian. What is an auxiliary verb and why is it needed? Unlike Russian, where we just put the “not” particle in front of the verb, in English, the “not” particle must be preceded by an auxiliary verb. It is different for each time, and in the case of Present Simple it will have the form either "do" or "does", depending on the number and person of the subject. Example: “She does not go to school”.

Interrogative sentences

So, we examined the statement, the negation, and we are left with a question, the formation of which also requires an auxiliary verb:

So, we have discussed with you the basic principles of construction different types sentences in Present Simple. Past Simple and Future Simple are built in a similar way, the main differences will be in the form of the auxiliary verb.

Building sentences in Future Simple

Statement

The scheme for constructing a statement in a simple future tense (Future Simple) is as follows:

The auxiliary verb will indicates that the action takes place in the future tense, and the phrase will be translated as: "I will go to school."

Negation

Negation is built with the help of the already familiar particle "not" and the auxiliary verb "will".

Question

Any question starts with an auxiliary verb, so when building a question, we just put will in the first place.

Past simple

Statement

When constructing a statement in the past tense of the Simple group, there is a small peculiarity: the suffix "ed" is added to the verb.

I deliberately omitted the example with the school, because it uses an irregular verb. Most verbs form the simple past tense by adding the suffix "ed" to the stem (cook - cooked), but there are about 470 verbs, according to the Oxford Dictionary, that form the past tense according to their canons. Among them is our verb "go", which will change its form to "went": "I went to school".

Negation

Negation in the simple past tense is constructed similarly to Present Simple with the only difference that the form of the auxiliary verb "do" acquires the past "did".

Question

The question is also built by analogy with Present Simple. We only change the form of the auxiliary verb to the past.

So we studied the construction of sentences in the entire Simple group. The main thing is to remember the schemes for all three types (affirmation, negation and question), do not forget about how the word forms of verbs in the 3rd person singular change and memorize the main Irregular Verbs to achieve automatic speech.

Building proposals in the Continuous group

In the Continuous group there is always an auxiliary verb "to be", the change of the form of which will tell us when the action is taking place: yesterday, now or tomorrow. In this group, the participle I is also always present, similar to the actual participle in Russian. The participle itself is constructed by adding the suffix "ing" to the verb (go - going).

Statement

Let's not deviate from the structure and consider the formation of time in Present Continuous.

The forms of the verb "to be" change depending on the person, and here it is not limited to changes only in the 3rd person singular. Forms just need to be remembered.

In the past tense, the auxiliary verb changes its form to "was" or were "depending on the person and number.

The scheme for building a sentence in Past Continuous will be as follows:

The future tense in this group is formed without any changes, just put the future tense verb "will" before the auxiliary "to be":

Denial and question

Negation and question are built according to general scheme constructing sentences: in case of negation, we put "not" after the auxiliary verb, and in the case of a question, we put the auxiliary verb in the first place.

To build the past form, you need to change the form of the auxiliary verb to "had".

To build the future form, we additionally set "will".

Denial and question

Negation and question are constructed in a classical way: the particle not after had (for negation), had in the first place (for question).

Denial and question

Negation	Question
I have not been going.	Have I been going to school?

These sentences are given only for the sake of example, in practice you will hardly find yourself in a situation where you will need to express yourself on Perfect continuous... It will be much easier and faster to build a phrase from the Simple and Continuous groups.

Simplified education table of all types of sentences at all times

For those who are first faced with the times, this article may seem a little chaotic, so as a result, I offer you a ready-made table with the formation of sentences in all times, so that it is easier for you to see the whole picture. You can use it as a cheat sheet for the initial stages of learning about temporary structures. The table is taken from the resource "Pikabu".

The negative form in English (Negative Form) is a sentence that contains a negative particle or negative adverb.

Negative sentences indicate that a fact is false or incorrect. We want to tell you about how negative sentences are formed in English.

The word order in negative sentences is simple. You just need to take into account that in almost all cases with negative sentences, the use of an auxiliary verb is required:

• Subject + auxiliary verb + particle not + semantic verb

'Not' verb form

In order to make a negative out of an affirmative sentence, the English language uses the particle 'not ", which is placed after the first auxiliary verb in a declarative statement. If there is no auxiliary verb in the statement, then it must be added to create a negative (usually the auxiliary verb' do ").

When forming negative sentences, it is necessary to take into account some features: if an auxiliary verb (including a modal one) is used, then the main, semantic verb does not change according to tense (the ending '-s' or '-ed' is not added), which means that in this case either the basic form of the verb or the participle form are used.

Examples of negative sentences in different tenses formed with the 'not' particle:

• He is not going to school. - He doesn't go to school.
• They were not eating at the moment. - They weren't eating at that moment.
• She doesn't like ice-cream. - She doesn't like ice cream.
• She hasn’t (has not) finished her work yet. “She hasn't finished her work yet.
• We hadn’t seen Peter for ages. “We haven't seen Peter in a long time.

No particle ‘not’

It is possible to express negation without using the particle 'not "and an auxiliary verb. In this case, in English, a rule is applied that does not allow double negation (this is explained by the fact that two negations add up to a statement). For example, the statement' Nobody doesn't like this juice "means just that everyone loves this juice.

Since in Russian, double negation is correct, we, Russian-speaking, need to remember that if there are adverbs with a negative meaning never (never), neither (neither), none (none of), nobody (nobody), nothing ( nothing), then the verb cannot be in negative form. Still, it is worth noting that the colloquial form of speech allows the use of double negation, and in the speech of English speakers you can often hear negative sentences constructed in this way.

Examples of negative statements that are formed through the use of negative adverbs:

• Nobody likes to be guilty. - Nobody likes to be guilty.
• He never thought about his childhood. - He never thought about his childhood.
• They have no money. - They have no money.

Negative sentences in the present tense If adverbs need to be used in a statement to convey the full meaning, but at the same time use the particle 'not', the adverbs need to be transformed:

• Never - ever
• Nothing - anything
• No - any
• Neither - either
• Nobody - anybody

For example:

• She doesn't see anything. - She doesn't see anything.
• We don’t want to hear anyone. - We don't want to hear anyone.
• They don’t have any reasons. “They have no reason.

Negative form with the verb 'be'

Negative sentences with the verb 'be "differ in their structure from other negative sentences. Sentences with the verb' be" do not require an auxiliary verb (the auxiliary means the verb "do").

For instance:

• You aren’t (are not) guilty. - It is not your fault.
• She isn’t (is not) playing. - She's not playing.
• We weren’t (were not) hungry. - We weren't hungry.

Negation in the imperative mood

In negative imperative sentences, use 'Do not' + a semantic verb. In such statements, you do not need a subject or auxiliary verb.

• Do not speak so loudly.
• Don’t go to the street.
• Do not touch my books.

The negative form in the conditional mood Now you know all about the negative form in English. We wish you good luck!

In order not to miss new useful materials,

The construction of sentences in English is a painful topic for many, but this material must be learned well, since a sentence is the basis of writing and speaking.

I will immediately make a reservation that in this article we are considering rules for constructing a standard sentence in English... We will not pay attention to elliptical constructions, exclamations, complex inversions and other types of sentences that differ in their form from the standard one. If you know the "skeleton" of an English sentence, you can easily build any phrase.

• Read about non-standard offers in the article "".

What does an English sentence consist of?

Each sentence expresses a complete thought. To make the thought look logical and understandable, you must use certain members of the sentence. In each English sentence there are two required elements: the subject is the main actor sentences (answers the question "who?", "what?"), predicate - what the subject does (answers the question "what to do?").

Subject can be expressed (me, you, them, everything, etc.) or (mom, cat, work, apple, etc.). As a rule, it comes first in a sentence. Predicate is expressed (go, write, think, fall, etc.) and follow the subject, that is, it is in second place in the sentence.

• (Who?) They (what did they do?) Thought. - They thought.
• (Who?) The cat (what is he doing?) Is coming. - The cat is going.
• (What?) The apple (what will it do?) Will fall. - The apple will fall.

Predicate- this is the most important member of the proposal. Only the predicate can show what is happening, happened or will happen. An English predicate can be made up of two elements: a main verb, a “main” verb that shows what the subject does, and a verb that helps distinguish tenses.

Subject and predicate are the main members of the sentence. As mentioned above, without them, the correct construction of sentences in English is impossible. In addition, there are also minor members, these include:

• Addition- stands after the predicate and answers any case question, except for the nominative case. Addition can be direct and indirect. Direct answers to the questions of the accusative case: "who?", "What?"; indirectly - to all other case questions: "who?", "what?", "who?", "why?" and so on. As a rule, in a sentence, a direct addition follows first, then an indirect one.
  

  I see a girl with him... - I see (who?) girl(with whom?) with him.

  She is reading a book to the children... - She reads (what?) the book(to whom?) children.

• Definition- stands next to the subject or object and describes its properties, that is, it answers the question "what?", "Whose?"
  

  I see a beautiful girl with him. - I see (what?) beautiful girl with him.

  My red cat lies on the window. - (Whose?) My(what?) redhead the cat lies on the window.

• Circumstance- can be at the beginning or at the end of a sentence, informs "where?", "When?", "How?", "Why?" there was some action.
  

  My red cat lies on the window... - My ginger cat lies (where?) on the window.

  Yesterday I saw her with him. - (When?) Yesterday I saw her with him.

  He behaved differently... - He behaved (how?) differently.

Rules for constructing sentences in English

There are two main word orders in English: forward and backward. The direct is used in affirmative and negative sentences, the reverse is used in questions.

An English sentence differs from a Russian one in word order. In Russian it is free:

• Mom washed the frame.
• Mom washed the frame.
• Mom washed the frame.

As you can see, the meaning of the sentence has not changed from the change in the places of the terms - mother and frame. And into English, all three sentences will be translated as follows:

• Mother was washing the frame.

This is because there is a fixed word order in the English sentence. English words they cannot "jump" from place to place, as the Russians do. The English language is strict and conservative, like the English themselves, it does not like change. Therefore, each type of sentence has its own indestructible patterns.

Word order in affirmation and negation in English

The direct word order in an English sentence is as follows: the subject is in the first place, the predicate is in the second, and the complement is in the third. In some cases, the circumstance may come first. In an English sentence, an auxiliary verb may appear in the main verb. But, as you already know, the auxiliary verb is part of the predicate, so even with it, the word order remains direct.

Word order in an affirmative sentence
Circumstance		Predicate	Addition (possibly with definition)	Circumstance
Yesterday	I	learned	English words. English words.	--
--	My little sister My little sister	will visit will visit	me	in three days. after three days.

The word order in negative English sentences is also direct. To show negation, we use the particle not, which corresponds to the Russian particle "not". Also, in a negative sentence there is always an auxiliary verb, because it is with it that not, adjoin the main verb not can not.

Word order in negative sentences
Circumstance	Subject (possibly with definition)	Auxiliary verb + not	Main verb	Supplement (possibly with definition)	Circumstance
Yesterday	I	did not	learn	English words. English words.	--
--	My little sister My little sister	will not	visit will visit	me	in three days. after three days.

Word order in the question in English

In the Russian question and statement, the word order may be the same. It is only by the intonation of the speaker that we understand that we have been asked a question. In English, the statement and the question look different:

• They live in the city. - They live in the city.
• Do they live in the city? - Do they live in the city?

For an English interrogative sentence, the reverse word order is characteristic. This means that the subject and the predicate are swapped. But the English language does not like to go far from the direct order, therefore only part of the predicate is put in the first place - the auxiliary verb, and the main verb still comes after the subject. Another feature is that the question does not put circumstance in the first place.

Word order in an interrogative sentence
Auxiliary	Subject (possibly with definition)	Main verb	Addition (possibly with definition)	Circumstance
Did	I	learn	English words? English words?	--
Will	my little sister My little sister	visit will visit	me	in three days? after three days?

Short Answers

IN oral speech we usually answer the question briefly. For example, to the question "Do they work in the office?" we will answer “Yes” or “No” rather than repeating the entire phrase: “Yes, they work in the office / No, they do not work in the office”. We get by with a short answer, and this answer is clear to the interlocutor.

The English also use short answers. But in English you can't just say Yes/No., such an answer will seem rude and unfriendly. The English short answer must also contain a subject and an auxiliary verb. The subject and auxiliary verb remain those in the question, for example:

If there is a pronoun in the question you(you, you), then the question is directed to you. Therefore, you need to answer it on your own behalf, and not on behalf of you:

And now we suggest watching a video from the teacher Minoo... She will tell you about word order in an English sentence. And at the end of the article you will find a table with all the proposal schemes, which you can download, and a test.

(* .pdf, 200 Kb)

​

Test

Word order in English: rules for constructing sentences

​