Reading the rules is, of course, a must. Studying examples and doing some exercises is also very important. But in order not to reread the rule every time, to look for the necessary information among the text, you should always have a hint at hand. We offer you a table present simple, which will help not only to structure the material in your head, but will also serve you well if something is forgotten.

All rules are easier to understand in a clear way. Of course, in order to fully study the material, it is necessary to read the rule in its entirety, with a full explanation of each point. But, if this stage has already been left behind, and you need to have a table, looking at which with one eye, you will remember and understand everything.

Education

Present Simple (Indefinite) can take the form of both active and passive voice, the formation of which is different, although the essence remains the same: it reflects the usual, regularly repeated actions in the present, facts and patterns.

Table Present Simple Active

Table Present Simple Passive

Use

In addition to the general notation of time when it is used, there are some nuances that you need to know. Putting everything in a table, it will be clearer to you where the roots of this time grow from.

Time Table Present Simple (Indefinite)

Everything you need, the most important and important, we have presented to you. We hope that the present simple table will be a good helper in such hard work as studying in English. And all barriers will be easily overcome.

It's time to get acquainted with another present tense of the English language - The Present Indefinite (Present Simple) Tense, which in Russian sounds like "Present Indefinite Tense" or Present Simple Tense.

What does The Present Indefinite Tense mean?

The Present Indefinite Tense - We usually use the Present Indefinite Tense to convey ordinary, regular, habitual or constant actions, for example, to describe daily actions, habitual activities, permanent work, study, etc., but do not indicate the exact time of the action. For instance:

• I work at an office - I work in the office (permanent action)
• My work begins at 9 o'clock - my work starts at 9 o'clock (regular action)
• I usually go by foot, but sometimes I take a bus - I usually walk, but sometimes I take the bus (occasionally repeated action)
• Every weekend I meet my friends - every weekend I meet friends (regular action)

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To convey the regular nature of the action, we often use adverbs with verbs in the Present Indefinite, for example, always - always, often - often, seldom - rarely, usually - usually, never - never, sometimes - sometimes, as well as phrases every day / week / month - every day/week/month. Analyze the use of adverbs in the following sentences. Note that usually the adverb takes place between the subject and the predicate. circumstance of time every day/week/month can be at the beginning or at the end of a sentence.

• I seldom visit my grandfather - I rarely visit my grandfather
• We sometimes go to the country - we sometimes go to the village
• Children go to school every day - children go to school every day

How The Present Simple Tense Is Formed

Let's move on to the formation of forms and, accordingly, to the conjugation of verbs in the Present Indefinite Tense. As you may know, the indefinite initial form English verbs used with particle to- to come, to work, to live. When conjugated in the present indefinite tense, we discard the particle to and thus we get the form of the verb for all whether the same, except for the 3rd person singular. In this case, the ending -s (-es) is added to the verb.

To form interrogative and negative forms of a sentence in the present indefinite tense, we must use the auxiliary verb " do"for all persons, except for third parties in the singular (he, she, it), to whom the auxiliary applies. verb " does”, i.e. we add the ending "-s (-es)" not to the verb-predicate, but to the auxiliary verb "do".

Let's look at the following conjugation chart of the verb to learn together in the Present Indefinite Tense in affirmative, interrogative and negative sentences.

*Don't is a shortened form of do not, often used in speech, and Doesn't is a shortened form of does not.

All interrogative sentences in English in Present Indefinite Time must necessarily contain the auxiliary verb Do, Does. The only exceptions are questions to the subject, usually beginning with the interrogative word Who.

Let's now move on to practice and try together to translate sentences into the present.Indefinite.Time. It should be noted here that one must strictly observe the word order of affirmative and interrogative sentences in English, which is as follows:

Let's start with a simple sentence "I work in the office" and following the scheme, we start translating the subject - I - I, the predicate - I work - work, the second members - in the office - at the office - as a result of the sentence it looks like this - Iworkattheoffice. The next sentence is "we often go south in the summer." The subject here is we - we, the predicate - we go - go, the second members: first we translate the circumstance of the place to the south - to the south, then the circumstance of time - in summer - in summer, the sentence has an adverb often - often and its place before the predicate. Weoftengotothesouthinsummer.

Now consider an example with an interrogative sentence "where do you work?" and again, following the scheme for translating interrogative sentences, in the first place we put the interrogative word where - where, then the auxiliary verb do, because it is he who corresponds to the subject according to the conjugation table, the subject you -you and the predicate - work -work, as a result we get a complete sentence - where do you work? If the question does not contain an interrogative word, we start the translation according to the scheme with an auxiliary verb. Pay attention to the question to the subject, when the auxiliary verb is not required, but the ending -s / es is added to the predicate. Who works here? – who works here?

The imperative mood in English

The imperative mood is used to express orders, requests, commands, for example, stand up! Sit down! Open the book! Close the door! Help! Don't read! Do not speak! Do not Cry! To translate the affirmative form, we use the form of the verb without the particle to - Stand up! Sit down! Open the book! close the door! Help! And for the negative form, we put the verb Do + not before the verb - Do not read! Don't speak! Don't shout!

In order for you to qualitatively learn when it is better and more correct to use the Present Indefinite Tense, we will further compare it with the use of other tenses of English grammar.

Starting to learn the tense system of the English language, many look ahead with fear. How to remember all this? How to understand everything? Gradually, moving from rule to rule, from example to example, from exercise to exercise. And the first time that is encountered on the path of students is Present Simple (Indefinite).

The general meaning of this rule is a reflection of actions that occur usually, regularly, habitually. In other words, Present Indefinite Tense states a fact, simply reports some information. English proposal It is built according to a clear scheme, but each of the times has its own characteristics. What you need to know about present simpl (indefinite)?

Education

An affirmative sentence is composed according to the following principle: Subject + verb + minor members. But not everything is so easy. If in place of the main member of the sentence there are pronouns she/he/it or nouns in the 3rd person singular, then we add the ending to the verb - s(es). So the schema looks like this: S + V (Vs).

With interrogative and negative sentences, the grammar of Present Simple dictates a completely different principle to us. Auxiliary verbs appear do/does where does is used with she/he/it and 3rd person singular subjects, and do with everything else. They are not translated, they have no semantic meaning. These are helpers who in questions take place before the subject, and in negations after, but with a particle not. It is worth noting that the predicate here again changes its form - the infinitive without to (as the verb is presented in the dictionary). Questions and negatives are as follows: Do/Does + S + V 1 ? and S + do/ does + not + V 1.

In colloquial speech, many words are combined so that the sentence is not cumbersome. That is why they often use short forms:

do not = don't

does not = doesn't

It's important to know!

The rules of Present Simple (Indefinite) are not limited to this. There are little nuances that need to be learned.

1. Writing Features verbs ending in s or es.

• if the verb ends with a letter "o", then we add es : goes, does.
• The situation is the same with hissing consonants, if the word ends with them: s, x, ch, sh: mixes, matches, pushes, misses.
• provided that the predicate ends with a letter "y" , and before it is a consonant, then "y" changes to i+es: stu d y-stu d ies, fly-flies. Ho: stay-st a ys, say-s a ys.

2. Pronunciation the same ending s is also changeable. So, after deaf consonants, it is necessary to pronounce the sound [s]: drops, lets. If the ending is next to a vowel or voiced consonant, then it sounds like [z]: adds, plays. But after the sounds it is necessary to pronounce as : loses, mixes.

3. I also want to note two verbs that do not follow the general rules. This to be and to have. For example, to be has distinctive forms that depend on the subject: I - am, She/he/it + is, we/you/they - are. They are fixed, there are not many of them, so it will not be difficult to learn (You can learn more about this from the article of the same name “The verb to be in English”). Negation and questions are built without the help of auxiliary ones. Being at the same time a predicate, in questions to be becomes before the subject, and in negations it is used with a particle not.

She is the first passenger. She is the first passenger.

Are you a good son? - You are a good son?

We aren't at school, we are at home. We are not at school, we are at home.

The verb to have in the affirmative sentence with the subjects she/ he/ it takes the form has, with all the rest - have.

She has a nice car. - She has a beautiful car.

We have a strong family. We have a strong family.

Using Present Indefinite

1. As mentioned earlier, the present simple time reflects the usual, regular or infrequent behaviors that can be called the norm . Often used with adverbs such as: always (always), usually (usually), generally (usually, as a rule), occasionally (occasionally, sometimes, from time to time), frequently (often), sometimes (sometimes), often (often), twice a year (twice per year), once a week (once a week), every day (year, month), from time to time (from time to time), rarely (rarely), every other day (every other day), daily (daily), monthly (monthly).

They seldom go out on Sundays. They rarely leave the house on Sundays.

It doesn't often rain in winter here. It doesn't often rain here in winter.

As a rule, she has a meal at home. She usually eats at home.

2. Constant characteristics such as hobbies, habits, customs and traditions.

As a hobby Jim and Ken design paper ships. As a hobby, Jim and Ken make paper ships.

The British drink tea at 5 o'clock. The British drink tea at 5 o'clock.

I paint for pleasure, but not because I want to make money out of it. I paint for fun, not to make money.

3. Natural phenomena, undeniable truths, generalizations are always used in Present Simple.

Summer follows spring. Summer comes after spring.

The earth is round. - The earth is round.

4. Schedule, routes, working hours.

The shop closes at 7 p.m. — The store closes at 7.

The train leaves from the station at 5. - The train leaves the station at 5.

5. With state verbs (More details in the article “Verbs not used in Continuous”), which express feelings, opinions, etc.

I disagree with him. — I do not agree with him.

I hate your driving a car. — I hate it when you drive.

6. Sports commentators always use the Present Simple. The same time is used in instructions, statements, anecdotes.

Now I peel the potatoes, slice them, put into the bowl (recipe) - Now I peel the potatoes, cut them into pieces and put them on a plate.

Becker passes to Lendle. Baker hands over to Landel.

7.Retelling movies, anecdotes, stories , it is better to use a present simpl.

Events go rapidly. John meets her and they fall in love with each other. — Events developed rapidly. John met her and they fell in love with each other.

8. In subordinate clauses of condition and time, after unions when, if, after, before, as soon as, until, in case, unless (although we translate the future).

I'll phone you as soon as I come. - I'll call you as soon as I get there.

If it rains we will stay at you overnight. If it rains, we will stay with you for the night.

Time Comparison

To make it easier for you to understand this time, its essence, let's compare it with other present tenses and find the differences.

According to all the rules of Present Simple (Indefinite), it is quite often used. It can be said that it occupies a leading position in use. When studying this tense, pay attention to education, or rather to auxiliary verbs and endings, but use cases will be easier to remember if you do a few exercises.

Time present simple denotes an action in the present in the broad sense of the word. It is used to refer to ordinary, regularly repeated or constant actions, for example, when we talk about someone's habits, daily routine, schedule, etc., i.e. present simple denotes actions that are happening at the present time, but are not tied specifically to the moment of speech.

I live in London.
I live in London.

The meeting starts at 6 o "clock.
The meeting will start at six o'clock.

Education Present Simple

affirmative sentences:

Negative suggestions:

English verb in temporary form present simple almost always coincides with its initial, that is, specified in the dictionary, form without a particle to. Only in the 3rd person singular do you need to add the ending to it -s:

I work - he work s

If the verb ends in -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o, then the ending is added to it -es:

I wish - he wish es

For verbs in -y with the preceding consonant, the ending is also added -es, a -y is replaced by -i-:

I try - he tr ies

If the verb ends in -y with a preceding vowel -y only the ending is saved and added -s:

I play-he play s

In order to build interrogative sentence , before the subject you need to put an auxiliary verb. Time present simple is used without it, so an auxiliary verb is added in this case do(or does in 3 l. units hours):

Do you like rock?
Do you like rock?

Does he speak Spanish?
Does he speak Spanish?

V negative sentences also used as an auxiliary verb do/does, but not before the subject, but before the verb. After it, a negative particle is added not. Do/does and not often shortened to don't and doesn't respectively:

I do not like black coffee.
I don't like black coffee.

She doesn't smoke.
She does not smoke.

Note:

Auxiliary do/does can stand in affirmative proposals. Then the sentence becomes more expressive, the verb becomes emotionally emphasized:

I do want to help you.
I really want to help you.

Jane does know how to cook.
Jane really knows how to cook.

In such sentences, the auxiliary verb is never reduced.

Cases of using Present Simple

• Regular, repetitive activities:

I often go to the park.
I often go to the park.

They play tennis every weekend.
They play tennis every weekend.

• Action in the present in the broad sense of the word (not necessarily at the moment of speech):

Jim studies French.
Jim is learning French.

We live in Boston.
We live in Boston.

• Well-Known Facts:

The Earth is round.
The earth is round.

The Volga is the longest river in Europe.
The Volga is the longest river in Europe.

• Enumeration of the sequence of actions:

We analyze what our clients may need develop a new product, produce a sample, improve it and sell it.
We analyze what our customers may need, develop a new product, make a sample, refine it and sell it.

• Some cases of indicating the future tense (if a certain schedule or plan of action is meant, as well as in subordinate clauses of time and conditions):

The airplane takes off at 2.30 p.m.
The plane takes off at 14:30.

when you see a big green house, turn left.
When you see a big green house, turn left.

• Some cases of indicating the past tense (in newspaper headlines, when retelling stories):

Airplane crashes in Pakistan.
A plane crashed in Pakistan.

I met Lenny last week. He comes to me and says, “Hello, mister!”
Last week I met Lenny. Comes up to me and says, "Hey, mister!"