Verb " to have"(to own) in English language is used in quite different situations and can be translated into Russian in different ways. In this article, you will learn the basic situations when this verb is used. You will also learn about the verb " have got", which also means" to own ".

The verb to have

To have is the main verb used to indicate ownership (property) of something (not only material), the properties of something (or its characteristics), relationship or connection, for example, the quality of one thing in relation to another:

I have a cat. → U Eat me cat.
I have a lot of free time these days. → Now at Eat me) a lot of free time.

Dmitry has a sister in France. → At Dmitry there is sister in France.

He has three books by Hemingway. → He It has/ Y he is three books by Hemingway.
She has fair hair. → She has blonde hair.

Verb " to have"is also used to mean a large number actions, here are some of them (the main thing is to understand the meaning, not to be intimidated and think "how can this be translated"):

have a bath, wash, shower, etc → take a bath (lie in it), wash, take a shower (under running water), etc.
have → have breakfast, lunch, dinner.

have fun → have a good time, "have fun".
have time available → have time for something.

have questions → have a question.
have a party → have a party.

have a walk, hike, ride, etc. → go for a walk, hike, ride a horse, etc.
have a discussion, fight, argument etc. → discuss, fight, assert ...

Examples:

I usually have breakfast at seven o'clock. → Usually, I having breakfast at seven o'clock.

Anna is having a bath at the moment (time). → Anna now taking a bath.

Used as. It can be easily identified by its construction have to". Here he expresses a requirement to perform (s) some routine action (but not always). He is often used by native speakers, as an action that carries a responsibility, duty.

This form " have"also has a similar meaning to the modal verb" must"- when talking about responsibilities, native speakers prefer to use it (for example: I must talk to Peter. It's important)."

Verb " must"is used when they want to talk about very serious for the speaker(or if they are considered to be such) responsibilities (for example: I must feed my family).

A few examples:

They have to work hard on Saturdays (routine for them). → On Saturdays they should Hard to work.
I have to return books to the school library. → I should return books to the school library.

I must be rich (very important for the speaker). → I should to be rich.
I must to defend my homeland. → I should defend your homeland.

Have got

The verb "have got" is more typical of British English... It also serves to indicate the ownership (property) of something (not only material), the property of something (or its characteristics), relationship or connection. For example:

He has got some friends in London. → He has a few friends in London

Anna has got three sisters. → Anna has three sisters.

I have got a new car. → I have new car.

Americans also sometimes use " have got"but more often" gotten" or simply " (to) have"(think of it as an analogue / synonym - it's easier this way).

I had a copy of that book. (). → I had a copy of that book.

I have got a copy of that book. (). → I have a copy of that book.

The penultimate significant difference is the reduction. Verb " have"has no abbreviations, you cannot, for example, say" I’ve a red bicycle "only" I have a red bicycle ". But" have got"on the contrary, it has abbreviations (in affirmation and negation):

I ' ve got a red bicycle (I have got a red bicycle). → I have Red bicycle.

She hasn’t got a dog (she has not got a dog). → She has no dog.

And the last main difference, where confusion often arises, is the negative and interrogative constructions of these two verbs.

You can understand these differences in the picture below. I'll just say that " have got"does not need help (in this case" do ", since I remind you that" have got "is used in the simple present tense ( Present Simple))

To understand what form of the verb have put in a specific sentence, you need to look at the subject:

If the subject is in the 3rd person singular, then we substitute has.
In all other cases, substitute have.

In practice, the subject can be a pronoun or a noun. If your subject is a pronoun, then you need to know that has is written only with the pronouns he (translated as "he"), she (she), it (it). Have is used with all other pronouns. For clarity, here is a detailed table:

I	have ...	I have …
You	have ...	You have …
He	has ...	He has …
She	has ...	She has …
It	has ...	It has …
We	have ...	We have …
They	have ...	They have …

Have, has - the rule of choosing the one you need

forms of the verb to have.

If the subject in your sentence is a noun, then write has for the singular and have for the plural. For example:

This woman has black hair.
This woman has black hair. (Singular)

Many people have black hair.
Many people have black hair. (Plural).

Please note that a noun can be preceded by an arbitrary number of adjectives; this does not affect the choice of the form of the verb (have or has):

This young, pretty woman has black hair.
This pretty young woman has black hair.

We've added the adjectives "young and pretty", but since the number is still the only number, there is still has after woman. The rule says: after the words he, she, it or a singular noun, you need to use has, otherwise - have. The rule and table above clearly say that after woman is written has, not have.

How is question and denial constructed?

A similar table for negative sentences:

Phrase template			Transfer
I	don "t	have ...	I do not have …
You	don "t	have ...	You don't have ...
he	doesn "t	have ...	He does not have …
she	doesn "t	have ...	She does not have …
it	doesn "t	have ...	It doesn't have ...
we	don "t	have ...	We do not have …
they	don "t	have ...	They do not have …

Examples:

Does she have a leather wallet?
Does she have a leather wallet?

Do we have a ripe banana?
Do we have a ripe banana?

I don "t have blue shoes.
I have no blue shoes.

Past time

Past tense verb have does not change across faces. It has a single form, had, which is used in all faces. For example:

I had a beautiful doll.
I had a beautiful doll.

She had colored felt-tip pens.
She had colored flamasters.

Summarize. To the question "When is it written, and when is has?", The short answer is: has is written when there is a pronoun he, she, it or a singular noun. Have is written in other cases. You can read more about the verb have and its meanings in the article

He plays in English speech very important role. It is used both as the main one and as auxiliary, depending on the situation.

In the present tense (Present Simple), that is, when describing the actions that we usually do, it has only two forms: have and has. Often newbies ask how has has been translated when meeting this word in the text. This is the same have, only in the form of the third person singular.

Here is a scheme familiar to many:

I have(I have)
you have(you have)
she / he / it has(she / he / it has)
we have(we have)
they have(they have)
you have(you have)

As you can see, the word has occurs only once in the above diagram. That is, when we want to say that she, he or it has something, we use the form instead of the have verb has.

For example:

But: she has something to say- she has something to say (the same with the pronouns he, it)

I hope everything is clear so far.

By the way, let's take another look at the example to clarify one more point:

You have something to say - You have something to say

That is, we translated the verb here as "you have." This is how this verb is most often translated, because it will be unusual for our ears to hear: “You have something to say,” agree?

In fact, this is quite an explanation, as they say, for children. After all, it is clear to every adult that “you have” and “you have” are completely equivalent phrases.

But I want to clarify all the points, because I know that all people are different, and what seems absolutely simple to one person may seem very difficult to another.

Let's continue. In the past tense, to have has the form had. For all pronouns, no exceptions.

you had something to say - you had something to say

she had something to say - she had something to say

Now you can see that for the pronoun she, which was previously used in the special form of the verb has, the past tense is now used the same as for everyone else.

There is also the having form, which is used to convey actions performed at the time of speech. This time is scientifically called Present Continuous.

For example:

You are having fun - Are you having fun (right now)

Many newbies may also be intimidated when they see these abbreviations: "I’ve, she’s, etc." So what is it ‘ ve and ‘ s?

These abbreviations are also associated with the verb to have.

I have = I’ve

He has = He's

That is, they are just shorthand forms of have and has. They are usually used for colloquial speech. You can go back to the beginning of the article and see again in which cases have is used and in which has. In doing so, you can practice and try to shorten each of the uses of the verb, as shown in the example.

Before ending this article, I would like to remind you that the verb to have is two-faced. It can be used in other ways as well. But we will talk about this another time. In the meantime, practice using the basic forms of the verb to have.

The verb to have besides its main function - show possession or possession of something- performs other tasks in English as well. It can be the main one, or, and in these roles it takes many forms: the verb have got, has, had, have to, haven’t. So that you do not get confused in its many functions, we have collected and organized all the information about this verb, including have has rule and translation.

Use to have

The verb to have can function as both the main verb and the auxiliary verb. In the first case, it expresses ownership of something, and in the second it serves to form temporary forms of the Perfect group.

To have as an independent verb

Usage table in Present Simple:

In Past Simple:

In Future Simple:

Please note that the verb to have is not used as an independent verb in the tenses of the Continuous group.

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To have as an auxiliary verb

IN :

To have as an auxiliary and independent verb

In some tenses of the Perfect group, there are cases when in one sentence the verb to have can be put twice in a row - both as an auxiliary and as the main one:

IN Present perfect:

In Past Perfect:

Have to as a modal verb

The verb have in conjunction with the to particle becomes modal. In this role, he is translated into Russian as "must" and is a softer form of another modal verb- must, in the same context it will be put. To illustrate this, we have prepared a table:

When the has and had forms are used

The has form is used only in Present Simple and Present Perfect, when the verb is used in the third person and the singular, that is, after the pronouns he, she, it (including nouns in the singular):

She has a cat- She has a cat.
He has done his task- He completed his task.
It has three types- He has three types.

Had- these are the second and third forms irregular verb have, respectively had is used in the past and Perfect group tenses:

She had a ball- She had a ball.
I have had breakfast- I had breakfast.
He had written the message- He wrote a message.

Features of the have got form

Have got, like simply have, is used to express ownership of something. This form is found in colloquial and informal speech, and it is more common in British English.

The difference between have got and have is manifested in the formation of negative and interrogative sentences. The verb have in these cases requires an additional auxiliary verb, but have got handles on its own:

Do you have a pen?- Do you have a pen?
Have you got a pen?- Do you have a pen?

She doesn’t have an apple- She doesn't have an apple.
She hasn’t got an apple- She doesn't have an apple.

But have got has two rules that limit its use:

Have got is not used when it comes about gaining experience or taking action. For example, as in this sentence:
I usually have dinner at 18.00- I usually have dinner at 18:00.
Have got is used only in Present Simple. So, for example, you can say:
I have got some milk- I have milk.

I had some milk- I had milk.

Video about the verb have:

In this article we will look at verb have got / has got... I know primary school it is given at the initial stage and causes a lot of difficulties for students.

Before learning have got / has got, you need to memorize personal pronouns in English.

How to translate?

It is translated into Russian as “to have, to have something” and is used when we want to inform that we have something and belongs to us.

For example, the phrase ‘ I have got a cat’We can literally translate -“ I have a cat”, But we don't speak like that in Russian. We usually use the word "is": " I have a cat».

It should be noted, however, that English pronouns do not change by case. This means that the Russian "I have" corresponds to the English "I" ("he" - he, etc.)

Affirmative sentences

Word order in an affirmative sentence:

SUBJECT+ HAVE GOT / HAS GOT +ADDITION

Pronouns I, you, we, they use the verb have got.

For example,

I have got a cat.

You have got a cat.

We have got a cat.

They have got a cat.

Tom and Kate have got a cat.

The subject is the phrase Tom and Kate, which we can replace with the pronoun "they" - they, therefore the verb have got is also used in this sentence

The verb is used with the pronouns he, she, it has got .

She has got a cat.

He has got a cat.

It has got a cat.

Pay attention to the following sentence:

Tom has got a cat.

The subject is the name Tom, which we can replace with the pronoun "he" - he, so the verb has got is also used in this sentence.

Table 1. Affirmative sentences have got / has got

Negative sentences

Negative sentences are built in the same way as affirmative ones, but the negative particle not is added to the verb have got / has got:

have not got = haven’t got

has not got = hasn’t got

SUBJECT+ HAVEN'T GOT / HASN'T GOT +ADDITION

Translation of negative sentences often causes difficulties for students for the reason described above. It is necessary to remember that haven’t got / hasn’t got says that someone does not possess any item, i.e. this item is not.

For example, I haven’t got a cat. - I do not have a cat.

Table 2. Negative sentences with the turnover have got / has got