The first architect in the bionic style. Architectural bionics. Origins of organic architecture

Architectural and building bionics studies the laws of formation and structure formation of living tissues, analyzes the structural systems of living organisms on the principle of saving material, energy and ensuring reliability. Neurobionics studies the functioning of the brain, explores the mechanisms of memory. The sense organs of animals and the internal mechanisms of reaction to the environment in both animals and plants are being intensively studied. A vivid example of architectural and construction bionics is a complete analogy of the structure of cereal stems and modern high-rise buildings. The stems of cereal plants are able to withstand heavy loads and at the same time not break under the weight of the inflorescence. If the wind bends them to the ground, they quickly restore their vertical position. What is the secret? It turns out that their structure is similar to the design of modern high-rise factory pipes - one of the latest achievements of engineering. Both designs are hollow inside. Sclerenchyma strands of the plant stem play the role of longitudinal reinforcement. The internodes (nodes?) of the stems are stiffening rings. Along the walls of the stem there are oval vertical voids. The pipe walls have the same design solution. The role of the spiral armature located at the outer side of the pipe in the stem of cereal plants is played by a thin skin. However, the engineers came to their constructive solution on their own, without "looking" into nature. The identity of the structure was revealed later. V last years bionics confirms that most human inventions are already "patented" by nature. Such a 20th century invention as zippers and Velcro was made on the basis of the structure of a bird's feather. Feather barbs of various orders, equipped with hooks, provide reliable grip. Famous Spanish architects M. R. Cervera and J. Ploz, active adherents of bionics, began research on “dynamic structures” in 1985, and in 1991 organized the “Society for the Support of Innovations in Architecture”. A group under their leadership, which included architects, engineers, designers, biologists and psychologists, developed the project "Vertical Bionic Tower City". In 15 years, a tower city should appear in Shanghai (according to scientists, in 20 years the population of Shanghai can reach 30 million people). The tower city is designed for 100 thousand people, the project is based on the "principle of the construction of a tree."

The city tower will be in the form of a cypress 1228 m high with a girth at the base of 133 by 100 m, and at the widest point 166 by 133 m. The tower will have 300 floors, and they will be located in 12 vertical blocks of 80 floors (12 x 80 = 960; 960!=300). Between the quarters there are ceiling-screeds, which play the role of a supporting structure for each level-quarter. Inside the quarters - houses of different heights with vertical gardens. This carefully thought-out design is similar to the structure of the branches and the entire crown of a cypress. The tower will stand on a pile foundation according to the principle of an accordion, which does not deepen, but develops in all directions as it climbs - similar to how the root system of a tree develops. Wind vibrations of the upper floors are minimized: air easily passes through the tower structure. For facing the tower, a special plastic material will be used that imitates the porous surface of the skin. If the construction is successful, it is planned to build several more such building-cities.

In architectural and building bionics, much attention is paid to new building technologies. For example, in the field of development of efficient and waste-free building technologies, a promising direction is the creation of layered structures. The idea is borrowed from deep-sea mollusks. Their strong shells, such as those of the widespread abalone, consist of alternating hard and soft plates. When a hard plate cracks, the deformation is absorbed by the soft layer and the crack does not go any further. This technology can also be used to cover cars.

BIONICS IN WORLD ARCHITECTURE

From time immemorial, the great minds of architecture have been searching for new architectural styles. Starting from the Tower of Babel and ending with the architectural masterpieces of New Paris, mankind has searched, found, embodied. Again searched, again found and again embodied. And so on in a circle, ad infinitum. Today the world knows many architectural styles: Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Art Nouveau, Classicism, Bionics and others. Undoubtedly, each of these styles is interesting and worthy of attention in its own way.

The first attempts to use natural forms in construction were made by Antonio Gaudi, the famous Spanish architect of the 19th century.

Architect Antonio Gaudi. Park Guell, Barcelona

And it was a breakthrough! Park Güell, or as they used to say, "Nature frozen in stone", the amazing architecture of the private villas of Casa Batlo and Casa Mila - Europe, spoiled by architectural delights, and the whole world, have not seen anything like it yet. These masterpieces of the great master gave impetus to the development of architecture in the bionic style. In 1921, bionic ideas were reflected in the sculptural-organic building Goetheanum, designed by the German philosopher Rudolf Steiner.

Rudolf Steiner with a model of the west facade of the first Goetheanum

There is an understanding of organic architecture as an imitation of wildlife. Biomorphic elements were mastered by many architects. Suffice it to recall the house of Konstantin Melnikov in Moscow, the shape and arrangement of the windows of which resemble a honeycomb, or the creations of the Italian Antonio Gaudi.

House of Konstantin Melnikov in Moscow

But life does not stand still, and in the middle of the 20th century, a serious interest in bionics began to appear. One of the leading architects in the field of bionics was the German engineer Otto Frei, who gathered like-minded people in Stuttgart in 1961 in a group called "Biology and Construction". Fry himself was engaged in light structures. Together with biologists and engineers from the Polytechnic Institute, he wanted to understand how the tissues and membranes of living organisms are built, and then combine this knowledge with existing technologies. Looking at diatoms Diatoms are siliceous algae, a division of algae. Single-celled solitary or colonial organisms. Their cells have a hard flint shell, consisting of two halves ] and cobwebs, the researchers found obvious similarities with their own designs. However, they also saw an important difference: living objects are extremely complex and their designs are not always optimal, so their exact reproduction in practice is most often impossible - such projects will be very expensive and heavy. Fry became famous in the 1960s and 1970s by creating the FRG pavilion at the World Exhibition in Montreal and the Olympic Stadium in Munich, where he used membrane and elastic structures, the main advantage of which is lightness and transparency.

Olympic Stadium in Munich. Arch. Otto Frei

In 2006, a house resembling a nautilus shell was built by Mexican architect Javier Senosyan. The features of the nautilus are repeated not only in the external form of the house, but also in its spiraling internal structure. And in 2007, under his leadership, the “Snake” house was completed in Mexico City - a building in the form of a long pipe, smoothly enveloping the unevenness of the landscape. Senosyan outlined his professional views in the book "Bioarchitecture". He believes that it is necessary to build small, human-sized houses in places with beautiful nature, while using natural materials of local origin.

Doi snake. Arch.Javier Senosyan

Today, the modern embodiment of organic architecture can be seen in the Netherlands - the NMB Bank board building, Australia - the building of the Sydney Opera House. In Montreal - the building of the World Exhibition Complex, Japan - the SONY skyscraper and the fruit museum in Yamanashi.

Opera in Sydney

It was the involvement of the knowledge of bionics in architecture that made possible start implementation of perhaps the most grandiose construction project of our time, the Shanghai "Tower City". According to the architects, by about 2023, a “tower” containing all the objects of urban infrastructure, with a population of at least 100,000 people, should be built in Shanghai. The "tower city" will take the form of a cypress with a height of more than 1200 meters and a base width of 133 by 100 meters.

Cypress House in Shanghai, the root system of the cypress house

A carefully thought-out design is similar to the structure of the branches and the entire crown of a cypress. The tower will stand on a pile foundation, calculated according to the principle of an accordion, in the same way as the root system of a tree develops. The resistance of the upper floors to the effects of wind will be ensured by the fact that the air will have to pass through the structure of the tower without encountering resistance. The authorities of Shanghai, which is already facing the problem of overpopulation, say that if the Tower City experience is successful, several such structures will be built.

Bionics in architecture - from the "principle of machines to the principle of life", http://www.existenzia.ru/idea/bionika

Bionics is a style that can be safely called a kind of fairy tale for adults. Why? Yes, because the buildings made in the bionic style are absolutely amazing and unique, and inspire architects nature. The use of natural forms was most clearly manifested in the magnificent creations created by the greatest architect Antonio Gaudi (Balló's house, Mila's house, Park Güell and others).

Such a concept as bionics arose at the beginning of the last century, but finally formed into an independent style in the 70s. In bionics, it means living, which means that it is the surrounding nature that prompts architects and designers original ideas when creating the most comfortable environment for humans. Analogy with wildlife, rounded corners, smooth natural lines, natural shades, natural materials, lightness of forms - these are the main features of the bionic style.
There are many examples when engineers, designers, architects took living structures as a basis in their projects, and bionic structures are scattered all over the world. This includes the Sydney Opera House, the Cypress House in Shanghai, the SONY skyscraper in Japan, and many others. The building, made in the style of bionics, exists in Russia. This is located in St. Petersburg "Dolphin House" by architect Boris Levinzon.

Due to the fact that nature is more perfect and safer than the technologies invented by mankind, bionics allows you to create not only organic, environmentally friendly and reliable structures, but also significantly save energy and materials.

The house, built in the bionic style, does not have a traditional geometric shape. It is more like a model of wildlife. Curved soft lines of windows and walls smoothly flow into each other. This creates a certain feeling that the house is moving, and not frozen in place. It is this feeling, when movement and complete rest are present at the same time, that is distinctive feature house built in bionic style. The appearance and interior depend on the angle of view, and subtly change when it changes.
When building and decorating a house, architects and designers should take into account that bionics does not provide for the interchangeability of individual rooms. Each room has its own purpose, and the task of style is to reveal it to the fullest. In addition, comfort is important, it should be maximum.

In general, in bionics, a kitchen is just a kitchen, and there is a living room for receiving guests. They sleep in the bedroom, but do not work, and so on. Important role illumination plays in the bionic interior. The house should be filled with light. Lamps and accessories are also made in the style of bionics. Often, colored glass is used, giving the house a fabulous look, although such houses already look quite unusual in themselves.

The subject and concept of bionics.

Bionics (from the Greek βίον - an element of life, literally - living) is an applied science about the application in technical devices and systems of the principles of organization, properties, functions and structures of living nature, that is, the forms of living things in nature and their industrial counterparts.

Architectural and construction bionics

A vivid example of architectural bionics is a complete analogy of the structure of cereal stems and modern high-rise buildings. The stems of cereal plants are able to withstand heavy loads and at the same time not break under the weight of the inflorescence. If the wind bends them to the ground, they quickly restore their vertical position. What is the secret? It turns out that their structure is similar to the design of modern high-rise factory pipes - one of the latest achievements of engineering. Both designs are hollow inside. Sclerenchyma strands of the plant stem play the role of longitudinal reinforcement. The internodes (nodes?) of the stems are stiffening rings.

Along the walls of the stem there are oval vertical voids. The pipe walls have the same design solution. The role of the spiral armature located at the outer side of the pipe in the stem of cereal plants is played by a thin skin. However, the engineers came to their constructive solution on their own, without "looking" into nature. The identity of the structure was revealed later. In recent years, bionics has confirmed that most human inventions are already "patented" by nature. Such a 20th century invention as zippers and Velcro was made on the basis of the structure of a bird's feather. Feather barbs of various orders, equipped with hooks, provide reliable grip.

Famous Spanish architects M. R. Cervera and J. Ploz, active adherents of bionics, began research on “dynamic structures” in 1985, and in 1991 organized the “Society for the Support of Innovations in Architecture”. A group under their leadership, which included architects, engineers, designers, biologists and psychologists, developed the project "Vertical Bionic Tower City". In 15 years, a tower city should appear in Shanghai (according to scientists, in 20 years the population of Shanghai can reach 30 million people). The tower city is designed for 100 thousand people, the project is based on the "principle of the construction of a tree."

Development of bionics in architecture

The very concept of bionics appeared at the beginning of the twentieth century. What does it mean?
In architecture textbooks, you would read that Bionics (from the Greek biōn - element of life, literally - living) is a science that borders between biology and technology, solving engineering problems based on an analysis of the structure and life of organisms.

Simply put, if you remember Leonardo da Vinci, who tried to build an aircraft with flapping wings, like birds, then immediately imagine what the bionic style is.

The first attempts to use natural forms in construction were made by Antonio Gaudi. And it was a breakthrough! Park Güell, or, as they used to say, "Nature frozen in stone", Casa Batlo, Casa Mila - Europe, spoiled by architectural delights, and the whole world, have not seen anything like it yet. These masterpieces of the great master gave impetus to the development of architecture in the bionic style. In 1921, bionic ideas were reflected in the construction of Rudolf Steiner Goetheanum, and from that moment on, architects around the world took bionics into service.

From the time of the Goetheanum to the present day, a large number of both individual buildings and entire cities have been built in the bionic style.

Today, the modern embodiment of organic architecture can be seen in Shanghai - the Cypress House, in the Netherlands - the NMB Bank Board Building, Australia - the Sydney Opera House, Montreal - the World Expo Building, Japan - the SONY skyscraper and the fruit museum.

Recently, bionic architecture can also be seen in Russia.

In 2003, in St. Petersburg, according to the designs of architect Boris Levinzon, the Dolphin House was built and the hall of the famous Medi-Estetik clinic was decorated.
Perception of bionic space

What is a bionic building? The first impression of a building in the bionic style is that the buildings are knocked out of the correct geometry. The natural forms of the object awaken the imagination. In bionics, walls are like living membranes. Plastic and extended walls and windows reveal the load force directed from top to bottom and the resistance force of materials opposing it. Thanks to the rhythmic play of the changing concave and convex surfaces of the walls of the structures, it seems that the building is breathing. Here the wall is no longer just a partition, it lives like an organism.

The Great Antonio Gaudi was right when he said that “An architect should not give up colors, but rather use them to give life to shapes and volumes. Color is the complement of form and the brightest manifestation of life.” Just imagine, entering an organic building, you feel immersed in a wonderful world filled with light of a transparent color. Color creates a special interior world, reviving and revealing materials that show through under a layer of paint. Color lives and moves according to its own laws. It seems that it affects the strengthening or weakening of the functions of the building and space.

In the bionic structure, due to the constantly changing balance of the interaction of desires and spatial possibilities, a person experiences a feeling of movement in peace, and peace in the movement of space. The slightest movement shifts the balance of forces, due to which the perception of space changes. Permanence and change, symmetry and asymmetry, protected intimacy and wide openness exist in a delicate balance. W Note that both in motion and at rest there is always a sense of balance.

In its essence, bionics, as an architectural style, seeks to create such a spatial environment that would stimulate with its entire atmosphere exactly the function of the building, the premises for which the latter are intended. In a bionic home, the bedroom will be the bedroom, the living room will be the living room, and the kitchen will be the kitchen.

Bionics and its place in modern architecture

Any living being is a perfectly fine-tuned working system that is adapted to environment. The survivability of such systems is the result of a long evolution. Revealing the secrets of the device of living organisms, you can realize new opportunities in architecture. Over time, there was a need to create a special area of science, the essence of which is to find and study the secrets of the successful adaptation of living beings. Bionics has become such a direction, combining the knowledge of both biology and technology. Bionics is designed to solve engineering and technical problems based on the results of studies of living organisms.

Consider several biological structures used in architecture:

Spider web is an extremely economical and lightweight mesh material.
Honeycombs and beeswax.
Ant nest. The principle of construction resembles houses built by people.
Soft washcloth. Its design is ideal for creating both durable and complex structures, which, for example, can be used as large containers for transporting oil or water.
The membrane of a living cell. The double weave of fatty compounds enveloping a living cell is used in micro-architecture.

Bionics in architecture is not just a curvature of outlines and forms, which is like a bird's shell, mollusk shells, honeycombs or branches of a forest thicket. First of all, architectural bionics are comfortable, harmonious, reliable structures for a person. The technology of architectural bionics combines both the abstract and the quite concrete - the laws of mathematics. It creates the prerequisites for the synthesis of art and science.

Bionics in your home.

What style we choose for a summer residence or a house depends only on our imagination, as well as financial capabilities. Bionics has proven that architecture is not only about rebar and bricks. Anyone can use the inventions of bionics in their home or on the site.

In the interior of the room, lighting fixtures and furniture can be used, the forms of which are borrowed from nature itself. These elements, by the way, can be made independently. The scope for imagination will provide you with a competent choice of stairs (both internal and external). They can be of any shape (for example, spiral), from combined materials.

When choosing building materials for your home, it is much better to give preference not only to those that are very durable, but also to those that save heat better. Such a move guarantees energy savings on air conditioners and heaters.

The landscape on the site is easy to make very original. To do this, focus on the elements that are already there: branches, stones, cracks and other components. Using imagination, you can equip a beautiful alpine hill (this is a structure made of stones and certain vegetation, which is inherent in the high-mountain alpine climate).

And if there is a large and old tree on the site, do not rush to cut it. It can be used, for example, as a bar for drinks or as a gazebo for relaxing. After all, air conditioning is not needed here, since even in the heat the tree provides a temperature reduction of approximately 22 degrees (in middle lane Russia).

Experience has shown that the potential unexplored secrets nature is huge. Do not be afraid to study them, do not protect yourself too much from nature with the walls of houses, destroying nature.

Bionic style houses

The rapid development of technology at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries left its mark in all areas without exception human life including art. But, as it turned out, no advanced technologies can replace the magic of nature for a person. And after a working week spent in a room equipped with the latest technology, we are happy to turn off computers and phones to enjoy communication with nature.

Orchid house in the UK - bionics

Nature is always relevant - and that is why, next to functionalism, hi-tech and constructivism, the so-called organic architecture, or bionics, arises.

Bionics is a science at the intersection of biology and technology. Organic architecture solves engineering problems based on knowledge about living organisms.

The essence of organics is easier to understand if we recall the ideas of Leonardo da Vinci about a flying machine with wings, like those of birds.

The first sign of style was the work of Antonio Gaudi, who showed "nature frozen in stone." Gaudi's ideas were popularized by Rudolf Steiner Goetheanum, after which organics became popular all over the world.

Sydney Opera House - organic architecture

The first impression of organic architecture is one of astonishment: regular geometric shapes are not to be found here. Plastic walls resemble the membranes of living organisms. It is believed that it is the organic style of architecture that balances symmetry and asymmetry, intimacy and openness, constancy and change. Architecture follows the laws of nature. Forms are mostly irregular, dynamic. Each architectural form, like a plant, develops according to its own laws.

Genius representative of organics Ken Kello emphasizes the connection of architecture with the earth. "Box" forms, as if cut out of cardboard, are alien to the earth. Buildings should be like silk softly covering the surface of the earth. The goal of the architect is to skillfully, naturally fit the building into the landscape.

Fine examples of organic architecture include the NMB Bank building in the Netherlands, the Cypress building in Shanghai, the Sydney Opera House in Montreal, the SONY skyscraper in Japan, the Dolphin building in Russia, and many others.

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From the moment of its appearance on Earth, a person has sought to acquire comfortable housing, but the appearance of the house does not always meet people's preferences. For example, in the days of the USSR, constructivism and rationalism prevailed in architecture, not distinguished by grace and beauty. At present, biotech, completely opposite to constructivism, has become widespread.

Story

Bionic architecture is based on natural forms that follow the contours of wildlife. They were used in ancient world when people began to create jewelry, weapons and learned how to design furniture. No wonder the origins of the term "bioform" are the ancient Greek words "life" and "form". Thanks to scientific and technological progress, a wider use of bionic forms has become possible.

Bionic architecture - the subject of research The concept was first used in the 20th century by the scientist Jack Steel from America. Officially adopted in 1960 with the participation of A. I. Berg and B. S. Sotsky. Architecture textbooks give the following definition of this concept: bionics is a science that borders between biology and technology, solving engineering problems based on an analysis of the structure and life of organisms. Since the 20th century, the active development of this direction began. To understand what exactly this style is in art, you can use the experiments of Leonardo da Vinci, who worked on the design aircraft based on bird wings.

Main characteristics

Bionic architecture has a positive effect on the mental state of a person, improves his well-being and even reveals the creative abilities of the individual. It is characterized by the following features:

Structures in this style are a natural continuation of natural forms, while they do not come into conflict with them.
Use of environmentally friendly materials and building structures that are safe for humans. Wood, leather, cotton, bamboo, wool and linen are very popular. These materials are often preferred by interior designers.
The desire to create eco-houses in which autonomous life support systems are installed, allowing recycling of waste.
Free, smooth lines without sharp corners. All elements resemble the structures of living organisms.

What inspires architects?

Bionic forms in architecture appear due to wildlife. Inspired by what was created without human intervention, architects are working to create unique structures:

Wax and honeycomb became the basis for the design of walls, partitions, decor, furniture and even window and door openings.
A mesh material such as cobwebs is very light and economical. It allows you to zone the space without overloading it with unnecessary decorative elements.
Spiral designs based on plant forms are ideal for decorating stairs. They are constructed from various materials that allow you to maintain smoothness and lightness.
Stained-glass windows and mirrors are very often used to create unusual lighting in rooms.
Tree trunks can be used as columns in bionic architecture.
Mirror surfaces can be stylized under the water surface.
To reduce the weight of structures, perforation is widely used. With the help of porous structures create various furniture. The advantages of this solution include material savings, in addition, the illusion of airiness and lightness of the room is created.
Lamps can repeat biological structures such as waterfalls, trees, flowers, clouds, marine life, as well as celestial bodies.

Cottage-eyes (architect Boris Levinzon)

This building has another name: Gaudí's Mansion. It was given to the building due to the fact that Boris Levinzon is considered the Russian Gaudi. The cottage is located in the city of Sestroretsk, in Leningrad region. The aforementioned Boris Levinzon became the architect, and Natalia Kruchinina from the Rosar architectural bureau became the designer. The house is currently privately owned and is for sale. It will not be possible to look at it from the inside, since no one is allowed into the building.

Work on the construction of a house with an area of 750 m 2 was carried out from the end of the 20th to the beginning of the 21st century. It is located on a plot of 20 acres. The first floor is lavishly decorated with lamps in the form of stalactites. The kitchen and dining room, atrium and veranda are located on the same level. On the second floor there is a winter garden and several bedrooms with access to the terrace. The house has a basement, where there is a wardrobe, a pool and a billiard room.

The 60 m 2 attic is a separate space in a holistic organism, each element of which is combined with the rest with the help of design. Characteristics Bionic architecture is reflected in this building: the walls, painted in white, resemble naughty waves. The house is built of brick, covered with flexible silicone plaster and black tiles. This gives the building a unique look.

Dolphin country house (architect Boris Levinzon, Andrey Bosov)

Another example of the bionic style in architecture is the dolphin house, presented in 2003 as an exhibition item. This building can be seen from afar thanks to the blue roof and glass windows. The walls resemble the sides and belly of a dolphin, the roof is a mighty back, and the oblong windows are fins.

Some art historians and architects compare the building with sculpture. Indeed, the unique shape of the building required a special construction technology. The basis of the structure, the so-called "skeleton", is made of metal and covered with concrete, poured into a wooden mold. The building is finished with plastic wear-resistant plaster. In hard-to-reach places, it was applied with a four-centimeter layer without preliminary reinforcement.

On the ground floor there is a kitchen, a dining room, a hall and a spiral staircase. All rooms are flooded with light, which penetrates the rooms through huge windows. The protrusions of the walls allow you to visually zone the space. There is plenty of free space by the window, ideal for creating a garden. On the second floor there are two bedrooms, a small living room and a dining room. Top part The walls separating the spacious rooms are decorated with an openwork pattern of frosted or colored glass. The "cheeks" of the dolphin, located on the sides of the building, serve as a bath and sauna. On the second floor there is an internal balcony.

According to the idea, the customer can change some parameters of the device at home. For example, if desired, you can install sliding windows or adjust the lighting by tinting the glass. Of the four rooms, you can create two more spacious rooms. The dolphin house leaves room for the owner's imagination, as there is a lot of free space.

Boris Levinson's tree house

Examples of bionic architecture are quite difficult to find in Russia and the CIS countries. In Montenegro, it is planned to build a tree house in the best traditions of bionics: achieving maximum comfort through minimal disturbance of nature.

All structures will be created using metal and reinforced concrete. An elevator will be located in the center of the tree house. The walls are to be finished decorative plaster, and the roof is made of soft tiles. On the first floor there will be Turkish bath, utility rooms and a spa area, on the second - a terrace and four residential rooms, on the third - spacious apartments, and on the fourth - a restaurant.

House of Konstantin Melnikov in Moscow

This residential building served as the workshop of the famous K. S. Melnikov. The man's family lived here. Work on the construction of the building was carried out in the period from 1927 to 1929, it is located in Krivoarbatsky Lane.

The design turned out to be unusual, as the architect abandoned the usual ceilings. The traditional beams were replaced with a grid of several planks placed on edge. This membrane is very strong, despite its plasticity, it retains its rigidity under any circumstances. Externally, the house looks like two interconnected cylinders, one of which has a terrace.

Ostankino radio and television tower in Moscow

The need to build a powerful television tower appeared in the second half of the 20th century, when the quality of broadcasting was constantly improving.

A real breakthrough was the Ostankino TV tower, built in 1963-1967. At the time of its creation, it was the tallest building in the world. Architect Nikitin was inspired by the image of a lily. This flower has strong petals, a strong core. Therefore, the tower from a bird's eye view is an inverted lily on 10 petal supports. Thus, Ostankino is one of the most striking examples of bionic architecture in Russia.

Cycling track in Krylatskoe

This Olympic building was built in Moscow before the 1980 Games. The Krylatskoye cycle track resembles a butterfly due to its unusual shape: the edges of the ellipse are slightly raised, as if they were real wings. The covering is made of Siberian larch wood. This tree is highly durable, it does not rot. This allows you to develop greater speed while cycling.

Currently, training and various competitions are held here. Here you can go cycling and play tennis. Krylatskoye hosts competitions in athletics, pentathlon and racquetlon.

Bionic architecture in Europe and America

As mentioned earlier, in Russia and the CIS countries, bionics is not as widespread as in European and Asian countries. Therefore, examples of this style in architecture are easier to find in Spain, Germany, Australia and even China.

The most famous buildings include the following architectural masterpieces:

has a unique shape: it looks like an open lotus.
The Eiffel Tower, originally built as a pavilion for the Paris Exhibition, replicates the shape tibia.
The residential building "Nautilus" in Naucalpan has another name: "Sink". The fact is that the design of the building is based on the image of a clam shell.
The Solomon Guggenheim Museum in New York is an amazing example. This building is an extension of the urban landscape, but it also has natural elements. Made in the form of a spiral, it repeats floral ornaments.

Bionics in Asia, Australia and Oceania

In Asian countries, architects widely use bionic forms in architecture and design. Here are the most interesting buildings built in this style:

The Swallow's Nest Stadium in Beijing got its name from appearance, since the design bears a striking resemblance to a bird's nest.
The swimming complex in Beijing is also a prime example of the use of bionic forms in architecture. Its facade resembles water bubbles. They imitate crystal lattice that collects solar energy.
The lotus temple in India was created on the basis of the lotus flower. The architect Faribor Sahboy tried to draw people's attention to nature through an unusual structure, and he succeeded. It is believed that the shape of the building symbolizes the idea that humanity will someday give up ignorance and violence and start a new, peaceful life.

Thus, bionic architecture (photo examples are presented in this article) is becoming increasingly popular due to its beauty and environmental friendliness.