Acute or uncomplicated cystitis is an inflammatory process on the mucosa Bladder infectious nature. The disease is more susceptible to females due to the anatomical structure of the urethra - women have a very short urethra. Acute cystitis: symptoms in women, treatment. in women, it is accompanied by painful and frequent urination, the presence of blood and pus in the urine. In the absence of the necessary therapy infection very quickly becomes chronic.

Frequent and painful urge to urinate is the first sign of cystitis

Provoking factors of acute cystitis

The main cause of cystitis is the penetration of pathogenic flora (Escherichia coli, staphylococci) from the anal passage into the vagina and urethra. The cause of about 85-90% of all cystitis is Escherichia coli or Escherichia coli. It attaches to the walls of the bladder and multiplies. When the amount reaches a critical limit, clinical picture diseases.

The appearance of the disease can be triggered by other factors, which include:

• hypothermia;
• candidiasis;
• trichomoniasis;
• urolithiasis disease;
• kidney pathology (pyelonephritis);
• restructuring hormonal background(menopause, pregnancy).

Acute cystitis can also occur against the background of surgical intervention or endoscopic manipulations in the pelvic area.

To prevent the transition of the disease to a chronic form, quickly identified symptoms and treatment, which should be prescribed by the attending physician, will help.

Symptoms of uncomplicated cystitis

Frequent and painful urge to urinate is the first sign of cystitis development.

The main symptoms of acute cystitis include:

• excretion of urine in small portions;
• sudden and frequent urge to miction (urination), and there is no feeling of complete emptying of the bladder;
• cloudy urine with bloody spots or impurities of pus;
• intense pain that radiates to the anus or perineum.

Often, due to a strong painful spasm, there may be a delay in miction or, conversely, urinary incontinence. The more severe the disease progresses, the more often the urge to urinate. Acute pain syndrome is most pronounced at the beginning and at the end of miction.

An increase in temperature during an exacerbation to 37.5-38 degrees already serves as a signal of the transition of infection to the upper urinary tract.

Diagnosing the disease

Already at the initial stage of the onset of acute cystitis, symptoms in women and the treatment of which should not be left without timely attention, a differential diagnosis is required.

For this purpose, the following diagnostic examinations are prescribed:

• smear sampling;
• Analysis of urine;
• general blood analysis.

Sometimes a doctor may order an ultrasound of the bladder to indirectly confirm cystitis.

Treatment methods for acute cystitis

Treatment of the disease should be supervised by a urologist and gynecologist. The patient is prescribed bed rest, taking a large amount of liquid and the following treatment regimen is prescribed:

• drug therapy;
• adherence to a diet;
• taking herbal decoctions.

After subsiding acute course diseases are prescribed physiotherapy.

Drug treatment

In acute cystitis, the following groups of drugs are indicated for admission:

• antibiotics;
• antispasmodics and analgesics;
• nitrofurans (antimicrobial).

Antibiotic therapy involves taking a broad spectrum of oral medications. This category includes Amoxicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, 5-NOK, Nitroxoline, etc. One of the most commonly used drugs is fosfomycin. It is a single-dose preparation in the form of a powder, the effect of which lasts for 3 days. Fosfomycin is safe for pregnant women, so it is prescribed for the 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy.

The specialist determines which drug to prescribe after receiving all the tests.

The drug "Furagin"

To relieve pain spasm, No-shpa, Diclofenac, Baralgin are indicated for the reception. From the group of nitrofurans, Furagin, Furadonin, Furazolin can be prescribed. The course of treatment with medicines is 1 week. The dosage of the drug is determined by the doctor.

Diet therapy

The goal of diet therapy is to eliminate irritation of the bladder epithelium. The diet should contain easily digestible food that helps cleanse the body and remove excess fluid.

The diet should be based on the following principles:

• exclusion of fatty and salty foods from the diet;
• minimizing protein intake;
• drinking plenty of water, herbal teas, compotes, fruit drinks and juices.

The diet should contain easily digestible food.

All food should be steamed or steamed. The following food group must be included in the diet for acute cystitis:

• cereals and vegetable soups;
• fermented milk and dairy foods;
• fresh fruits and vegetables;
• low-fat varieties of fish and meat.

It is strictly forbidden to eat spicy and sour vegetables (radishes, lemon, sorrel, tomatoes, onions, garlic), as they contribute to more irritation of the bladder mucosa.

Also, during the period of treatment, you should refuse to take strong tea, coffee, alcohol and sweets. The forbidden list can be supplemented with fried, canned and highly salted foods.

Correct balanced diet enriched with essential vitamins and minerals will speed up the healing process.

Phytotherapy

With inflammation of the bladder, not only drugs and diets have proven themselves well, but also herbal uroseptics, which effectively fight the inflammatory process, destroy microbial agents and have a diuretic effect. The following plants are included in this category:

• lingonberry;
• cranberry;
• bearberry;
• chamomile.

For acute cystitis, lingonberry leaves and berries are used in the form of decoctions and fruit drinks. With pathologies of the bile ducts and liver, the plant is contraindicated for admission.

Cranberries increase the acidity of urine, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of synthetic drugs. For treatment, they use fresh berries of the plant, juices and fruit drinks made from them.

They can be applied both separately and as part of fees.

Chamomile has a mild anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic effect, therefore it is used in combination with other plant components.

Also, the group of uroseptics includes St. John's wort, juniper, birch leaves, linden flowers, etc. They are used for the preparation of decoctions only together with other herbs that have antimicrobial action.

Herbal decoctions will help with treatment.

Popular fees for acute cystitis:

1. To prepare the broth, you will need chopped plantain leaves, Linden blossom, parsley. Each of the plant components take 1 tbsp. l. and mix. 1 tbsp is extracted from the resulting collection. l. mixture, which is poured with hot, freshly boiled water (0.5 l). The broth must be allowed to brew for half an hour. Take half a glass 3-4 times a day before meals.
2. Lingonberry leaves, rose hips and yarrow are taken in equal parts (1 tbsp each) and brewed in half a liter of boiling water. After half an hour, the broth is filtered and taken according to the above scheme.
3. Crushed bearberry leaves (2 tbsp. L.) Are mixed with parsley seeds (1. tbsp. L.), Placed in a thermos and add 500 ml. steep boiling water. After two hours, the product is filtered and taken throughout the day for 3-4 tbsp. l. each hour.

Before taking herbal decoctions, you should consult your doctor.

Physiotherapy

After the acute course of cystitis subsides, electrophoresis, magnetotherapy or magnetic laser therapy are prescribed. Physiotherapy is designed to improve local blood circulation, strengthen the walls of the bladder and eliminate the remnants of the inflammatory process.

Physiotherapy has a beneficial effect on the body

The use of non-drug therapy reduces the risk of recurrence many times over. Such procedures have a minimum of contraindications and are currently widely used to combat cystitis.

Treatment of inflammation of the bladder in pregnant women

Cystitis during pregnancy is a very common occurrence, which is associated with a restructuring of the hormonal background in women during this period and the pressure of the uterus on the internal organs.

It is especially important for pregnant women not to start treatment.

Acute cystitis refers to an inflammatory process that is localized in the bladder, affecting its mucous membrane. This disease has a pronounced characteristic symptomatology. It manifests itself in the frequent urge to go to the toilet, in painful emptying of the bladder.

The disease is typical for women, which is explained by the structure of their body. Due to the shortened female urethra, the process of penetration into its cavity of pathogens is simplified, which begin to multiply when it enters the bladder mucosa.

Over time, more surrounding tissues are involved in the pathological process.

Causes of cystitis

The main and most common cause of the development of inflammatory processes in the bladder area is the ingress of pathogenic microflora on its mucous membrane.

Escherichia coli, mycoplasma, staphylococcus, streptococcus, ureplasma and some others can provoke acute inflammation of the bladder.

In some cases, instrumental or surgical intervention... Then, representatives of gram-negative microflora, along with chlamydia, fungi of the genus Candida and others, act as the causative agent of the pathological process.

In representatives of a strong half of humanity, the impetus for the formation of cystitis can be stagnation in the prostate gland, inflammation in the indicated area.

Acute cystitis in women can be provoked by:

• hypothermia;
• rough intercourse;
• frequent change of sexual partner;
• development of thrush;
• sitting on a cold surface, especially during menstruation;
• the use of spicy foods and dishes, which leads to irritation of the mucous membrane in the bladder;
• period of pregnancy.

Symptoms of acute cystitis

Cystitis is a disease that has a number of characteristic manifestations. This is an unpleasant sensation, the severity increases as the disease develops in the absence of timely treatment.

Among the manifestations acute form diseases are called by experts:

• increased urge to urinate;
• painful sensations that accompany the process of urination, which can also cover the anus and perineum;
• pulling pains in the lower abdomen;
• cutting pain that occurs during the emptying of the bladder;
• completion of the process of urination with the appearance of drops of blood;
• feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder;
• cloudy urine with blood or pus;
• weakness and chills, urinary incontinence;
• increased body temperature.

The characteristic symptoms of acute cystitis in women are clearly pronounced. This ailment is difficult to confuse with something else.

In acute cystitis, urine becomes cloudy

The main reason for the urge to urinate is due to the increased excitability of the organ along with the reduction of its muscles. The urge will be strong and frequent, even if there is no content inside the bladder.

Depending on how frequent the urge to go to the toilet will be for a certain period, the severity of the disease is determined

When the inflammatory process and the pathological effect of the infection cover the neck of the bladder, the patient develops strong and pronounced painful sensations covering the area anus along with the crotch. If the ailment develops in a man, then he has soreness in the head of the penis.

Patients often complain of a delay at the beginning of the urination process. This is a reflex condition that is attributed to spasms of the urethra and sphincter along with the pelvic floor muscles.

In cases where acute bacterial cystitis covers not only the neck of the bladder, but also its sphincter, an additional symptom often occurs in the form of urinary incontinence. As soon as the pathological process spreads to the entire upper zone of the urinary system, the manifestations of the disease are supplemented by an increase in temperature in conjunction with a pronounced general malaise. It can also signal the onset of a more serious ailment - pyelonephritis.

Despite the fact that cystitis has a pronounced characteristic symptomatology, which makes it possible to differentiate it from a number of other ailments, this diagnosis can be clarified and finally confirmed only on the basis of research results.

Diagnosis of the disease

As part of the diagnosis of cystitis, an examination will be carried out, anamnesis of the patient will be collected along with the study of his complaints, a number of studies will be performed.

Informative laboratory tests for acute cystitis include:

• Blood test. With cystitis, this is an uninformative procedure. Against the background of the development of the disease, the composition of the blood does not change, with the exception of a sign of the inflammatory process - an increase in the level of ESR.
• A general urine test is an informative technique that allows you to determine the development of the inflammatory process in the bladder. With the disease, there is an increase in the number of leukocytes, pronounced turbidity of urine, the appearance in it of impurities of bacteria, pus, mucus and erythrocytes. When the disease is advanced, the urine takes on an unpleasant odor.
• Research according to Nechiporenko is an additional technique in the diagnosis of cystitis. This is an informative study based on the average urine sample. According to its features, the study of the features of the urinary system is carried out. Within the framework of the study, the number of uniform elements is determined using specialized equipment. Against the background of the course of the inflammatory process, there is a sharp increase in the number of erythrocytes along with cylinders and erythrocytes.

Blood test

Patients should follow the rules for collecting material for research. Before collecting the analysis, a toilet is required in relation to the external genital organs. If it is neglected, the informative value of subsequent studies is lost.

Women should remember that it is unacceptable to collect urine for analysis during menstruation. It is possible to take the necessary material for research by means of a catheter.

To obtain complete information about the patient's condition, the following studies can be assigned:

• laboratory examination of blood and urine;
• ultrasound examination of the small pelvis;
• cystography;
• urine culture analysis to determine the type of pathogenic microflora;
• urography;
• cystoscopy.

Features of the treatment of cystitis

In each case, the drugs for the treatment of the disease and the general tactics are chosen by the doctor. To achieve the optimal effect, a combination of drug treatment with some folk remedies.

The main components of therapy for cystitis are as follows:

• taking antibiotics;
• taking anti-inflammatory drugs;
• adherence to a therapeutic diet;
• taking antispasmodics;
• taking medications to strengthen the immune system.

Medicines should be prescribed by a doctor

Treatment of acute cystitis in women involves adherence to the basic rules and recommendations:

• elimination of the main cause of the disease;
• the consumption of plant foods;
• exclusion from the diet of all foods that can provoke an increase in acidity;
• consumption of large amounts of water, fruit drinks, tea, to ensure the elimination of harmful substances from the body;
• taking natural drugs as prescribed by a doctor.

Treatment of acute cystitis

Competent treatment can only be selected by an experienced doctor. With a timely appeal to a specialist and the implementation of all his recommendations, the effect will be achieved after 3-5 days from the start of treatment.

Full recovery of the urinary system and its functioning is ensured after 8-10 days, therefore it is important not to interrupt therapy immediately after the unpleasant symptoms disappear.

The main technique in the treatment of cystitis is the intake of antibiotics with a wide spectrum of action. But only a doctor can choose one or another drug, its dosage and frequency of administration in each specific case. He determines the duration of treatment, based on the inflammatory process, the degree of its neglect.

Antibiotics are used to treat acute cystitis

In such cases, antibiotics representing the penicillin series are prescribed.

If cystitis is diagnosed in a woman during pregnancy, the tactics are chosen individually based on the characteristics of her body, the timing of pregnancy and other factors.

Within the framework of complex treatment antispasmodics and drugs with anesthetic effect are prescribed. To achieve the optimal effect, additional intake of immunostimulants is required. These drugs can increase the defenses of the human body if they are taken together with vitamins.

If a woman has an inflammatory process of the bladder, namely on its mucous membrane, such a deviation will be called. It can manifest itself through frequent urge and pain after the completion of urination. The disease is especially typical for women and.

This is provoked by the fact that the urethra in the weaker sex does not create obstacles for microorganisms that can contribute to the development of various diseases. Particular attention should be paid to their health for women with non-standard anatomical features of the structure of the urinary system. They suffer from this disease more often than others.

The most basic provocateurs of pathology and the cause of symptoms of acute cystitis are microorganisms such as chlamydia, streptococci and staphylococci. It is they who are able to penetrate as quickly as possible into the bladder and actively multiply there. The main causes of chronic or acute pyelonephritis include the following factors:

1. Hypothermia.
2. Unprotected, sloppy and rough intercourse.
3. Constant change of partner for sex or irregular sex life.
4. Thrush in women.
5. Sitting in a cold place. The risk of development increases if this behavior of a girl is accompanied by menstruation.
6. Frequent consumption of spicy foods. This irritates the walls of the bladder.

Acute bacterial cystitis is characterized by a sharp manifestation of the following symptoms:

• pain of a stretching nature throughout the lower abdomen;
• feeling of residual urine in the bladder after emptying it;
• general weakness;
• severe pain while urinating;
• false desires, which are accompanied by pain syndrome;
• rarely incontinence;
• temperature rise to 39-40 degrees.

Note! Each patient should understand that all organs of the genitourinary tract are closely related and interact with each other. If the disease is started, the infection can spread to the kidneys or ureters.

If you ignore the treatment and symptoms of acute cystitis, this will lead to the development of a chronic form of pathology, it is the most dangerous for a woman's health. To avoid this, it is enough to turn to specialists in time and undergo a course of treatment.

Often, exacerbation of cystitis can be associated with pregnancy. At the moment, it will be much more difficult to cure the disease, since almost all drugs that are used in therapy according to the standard scheme will be prohibited, because they can harm the child. In this case, it is very important to describe the symptoms to the doctor in as much detail as possible, this will allow you to choose the right effective medicine for cystitis.

Diagnosis of the disease

Before treating acute cystitis, it is necessary to undergo all research procedures that confirm or deny its presence in the body. What exactly the diagnostic methods will be depends on the patient's complaints and the symptoms of the pathology. The most common ones are:

1. Analysis according to Nechiporenko. This study is necessary to determine the functionality of the bladder. The method is highly informative, therefore, it will fully determine all possible violations in the work of this organ and its components.
2. Blood test. Basically, in the presence of acute hemorrhagic or ordinary pyelonephritis, there are no strong changes in the composition of the blood. Here, a slight deviation from the ESR norm is possible, which is almost always observed with any inflammatory processes in the patient's body.
3. Analysis of urine. This study allows doctors to obtain maximum information about the pathology. With an exacerbation, urine will change color, an increased number of erythrocytes and leukocytes, pus, harmful bacteria and transparent mucus will be found in it. It is also necessary to pay attention to the smell of urine, if it has changed and has become very unpleasant, it means that the disease is at the stage of neglect and requires immediate treatment.

Before taking urine for tests, a woman must thoroughly wash herself and adhere to all other rules of personal hygiene, otherwise the study will not be reliable. This is due to the fact that elements of vaginal discharge will be found in urine.

Complications when taking tests will also cause the menstruation that occurs at this moment. In this case, urine can only be collected with a catheter. For a more reliable examination result, it is better to postpone the tests during this period.

Very often, when cystitis is detected, women prefer to self-medicate, since they do not see anything dangerous in this disease. Pathology will not cause complications only after correctly diagnostics and selection. Otherwise, there is a great risk of experiencing an acute attack of cystitis.

Basically, doctors carry out treatment in several stages, namely:

• The first thing that specialists use is antibacterial agents and drugs to suppress pain. This will save the patient from the manifestation of symptoms of pathology and resist harmful organisms that multiply in the bladder. It is very important to select medicines, relying only on the study of urine, after which it became clear which pathogen provoked the deviation, and to which medicine it will be active;
• it is important to use vitamins and agents that can restore the protective function of the body. Decreased immunity is one of the reasons for the proliferation of bacteria. In this case, there are no recommendations, vitamins can be any, the main condition is that the body does not lack useful nutrients and components;
• iontophoresis, UHF and inductometry are often used as physiotherapy procedures.

To enhance the effectiveness of therapy, the patient is advised to drink more pure water, this will flush the walls of the bladder and get rid of some of the bacteria in a natural way. Here you can also use natural juices, compotes and fruit drinks, this will make it possible not only to cleanse the body, but also to strengthen it. Such actions are especially useful for increased pain.

There are drinks to skip, including any soda and coffee. If you do not adhere to this rule, the patient will constantly suffer from severe cutting pains and aggravation of inflammatory processes on the walls of the bladder.

What methods of prevention are there?

To maintain the entire genitourinary system in a healthy state, a woman is advised to observe the following rules:

1. It is recommended that you try to empty your bladder after intercourse.
2. When washing, girls should make movements from front to back so as not to bring infection from the anus.
3. The amount of water you drink per day should not be less than 2 liters.
4. Underwear should be made from natural fabrics.
5. It is advisable to monitor bowel movements and, if possible, exclude constipation.
6. During your period, you should change the pad every 2 hours.
7. It is not recommended to endure the urge to urinate for a long time.
8. Rough sex can also provoke infection due to the formation of microcracks in the vagina.
9. After the act of defecation, it is necessary to wash the external genitals with a special gel for intimate hygiene or baby soap.

Conclusion

Together with standard methods of treatment, it is sometimes advisable to use alternative methods, this will enhance the effect and speed up recovery. Before using one of them, it is imperative to consult a doctor.