13:11 — REGNUM 75 years ago, on June 22, 1941, the Great Patriotic War began. Victory in it became the greatest test and the greatest pride for Russia. The memory of fallen soldiers, home front workers and civilians is immortalized in numerous memorials throughout the country. Each of these memorials can be visited, laid flowers and remembered those who died in the Great Patriotic War.

Daria Antonova © IA REGNUM

1. Monument-ensemble "Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad", Mamaev Kurgan, Volgograd. The most famous memorial dedicated to the Great Patriotic War is majestic and symbolic. It was built for 8.5 years: from 1959 to 1967. The chief architect is Evgeny Vuchetich.

200 steps lead from the foot to the top of the mound. This number was not chosen by chance: it was how many days the Battle of Stalingrad lasted, which put an end to the offensive of the Nazi troops.

2. Museum-reserve "Prokhorovskoye field", Belgorod region, Prokhorovka settlement. On July 12, 1943, the vicinity of the Prokhorovka railway station became the site of the largest tank battle in history.

Galina Vanina

More than 1,500 tanks of the Red Army and the fascist invaders fought in the battle. This battle turned the tide of the Battle of Kursk and the war as a whole.

3. Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Moscow. The memorial was opened in May 1967 after the burial of the ashes of an unknown soldier who died in the battle for Moscow near the Kremlin wall.

Daria Antonova © IA REGNUM

The remains were transferred from the mass grave to 41 km of the Leningrad highway. The eternal flame of glory was brought in 1967 from the Champ de Mars. At the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, the fire was lit by Leonid Brezhnev, Secretary General of the CPSU Central Committee, having received a torch from the hands of the legendary pilot Alexei Maresyev.

Oryol Region. At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War in the region there is a stronghold of a group of fascist troops. In 1942, the Bolkhov operation was carried out, with the bloodiest battle in the Krivtsovo-Chagodaevo-Gorodishche area.

After the offensive, the Soviet troops were able to advance 20 km, but then they stopped. This did not allow the enemy to transfer forces to the Battle of Stalingrad. During the Bolkhov operation, more than 21 thousand soldiers and officers were killed, and more than 47 thousand were injured.

5. Murmansk "Alyosha"- Monument to the Defenders of the Soviet Arctic during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. It was founded in 1969 on the Zeleny Mys hill, where anti-aircraft batteries were located, which defended the city from air raids.

Tara Amingu

The Murmansk region is the only region where the enemy did not pass more than 30 km from the state border. And the most fierce fighting took place on the right bank of the Western Litsa River, later renamed the Valley of Glory. Alyosha's gaze is directed precisely there.

6. Rear - front, Magnitogorsk. This is the first part of a triptych of monuments, including "The Motherland Calls" in Volgograd and "Warrior-Liberator" in Berlin.

7. Monument to the Sailor and the Soldier, Sevastopol. A 40-meter monument with a difficult fate. The decision to build a memorial complex at Cape Khrustalny was made back in the 70s of the last century, but construction began only decades later.

Sergey Sekachev

Construction proceeded slowly, then it was mothballed, as the project was recognized as unsuccessful, and in the late 80s the possibility of dismantling the monument was seriously discussed. Subsequently, the supporters of the monument won, and money was allocated for the restoration, but it was not possible to complete the initially approved project. Now the monument to the Soldier and the Sailor is a must-visit place for tourist groups, although there are many of its critics among the locals.

Moscow city. For the first time in 1942, on the site of a hill between the Setun and Filka rivers, it was proposed to erect a monument to the national feat of 1812. However, in the difficult conditions of the Great Patriotic War, it was not possible to implement the project.

Alexander Kaasik

Victory Park on Poklonnaya Hill

Subsequently, a sign was installed on Poklonnaya Hill promising that a monument to the Victory would appear on this site. A park was laid out around it, which also received a similar name. The construction of the memorial began in 1984, and was completed only 11 years later: the complex was inaugurated on May 9, 1995, on the 50th anniversary of the war.

9. Piskarevsky Memorial Cemetery, Saint Petersburg. This is the largest burial place for the victims of the Second World War, in 186 mass graves about 420 thousand residents of besieged Leningrad who died of hunger, cold and disease, 70 thousand soldiers who fought heroically for the northern capital were buried.

George Arutunian

The grand opening of the memorial took place on May 9, 1960. The dominant feature of the ensemble is the monument "Motherland" with a granite stele on which Olga Bergholz's epitaph with the famous line "No one is forgotten and nothing is forgotten" is engraved. The poetess wrote this poem specifically for the opening of the Piskarevsky memorial.

G. Saratov. Yuri Menyakin, the creator of the memorial complex in memory of the Saratov people who died in the war, was inspired by the song "Cranes" to the verses of Rasul Gamzatov.

Therefore, the main theme of the monument was bright memory and bright sadness. A wedge of 12 silvery cranes flying west symbolizes the souls of fallen soldiers.

An overview of outstanding memorials dedicated to the Great Patriotic War is provided by the Federal Tourism Agency.

Every year, on May 9, a holiday is celebrated - Victory Day in the Great Patriotic War against the Nazi invaders.

We owe our freedom to the wars, to the heroes who shed their blood, and to all our people who stood up to defend their Fatherland.

Years go by, but we have no right to forget our heritage. Monuments are of great importance for the preservation of historical events and their heroes for many years.

Monument Motherland is calling.

For example, an outstanding monument dedicated to the struggle of our people against fascism - "Motherland - Mother Calls" (Volgograd, Mamaev Kurgan).

On the pedestal is a statue of a woman. In her hand is a sword. It is directed upward and forward. Turning back, with the other hand she calls for her sons to follow her.

Despite the large size of the statue (the figure is 52 meters, the length of the sword is 33 meters), there is a sense of swiftness and ease in movement. The image is convincing.

The amazing story of the creation of the Alyosha monument in the Bulgarian city of Plovdiv.

The monument is dedicated to Soviet soldiers - liberators.

Its prototype was a Russian soldier, Siberian Alexei Ivanovich Skurlatov.

In August 1941 he was drafted into the army. He was 19 years old. At first

He served in artillery reconnaissance, then, due to a wound, he became a signalman.

In the autumn of 1944, when Soviet troops entered Bulgaria, he was laying a connection from Sofia to Plovdiv.

The Bulgarian people welcomed the Soviet soldiers cordially.

Aleksey made friends with Sh.Vitanov, a member of the Bulgarian resistance, and gave him his photo, and he gave his photo to the local sculptor V. Rodoslavov. The photograph was used when working on the monument (1954-1957).

The monument is erected on Bunardzhik hill in Plovdiv "The Hill of the Liberators".

On a 6-meter pedestal stands an 11.5-meter figure of a soldier, you feel strength, calmness and inner purity. No bravado.

Bulgarians love "Alyosha" and try to protect against attempts to demolish the monument by some politicians who like to remake history.

They are irritated by historical truth. Indeed, on the pedestal there are bas-reliefs: “The Soviet army beats the enemy”, and “The people meet the Soviet wars”.

But the story goes on.

In 1966, the poet Vanshenkin and the composer Kolmanovsky wrote their famous song Alyosha, and it contains the words: “Alyosha is standing over the mountain - a Russian soldier in Bulgaria.”

A few years later, by chance, this song was heard in Altai, where Alexei Ivanovich lived and worked after the war. He remembered that he was there too.”

It turns out that the soldier has been wanted all over the country for a long time.

After a thorough check, it was officially confirmed that he was the prototype of Alyosha.

Aleksey Ivanovich lived for 91 years, both fought and worked, with full dedication of strength.

Recently, a new patriotic movement has arisen - the Immortal Regiment.

On Victory Day, demonstrators carry with them portraits of their relatives who took part in the Great Patriotic War, both at the front and in the rear.

In conclusion - the poem "The Immortal Regiment".

Immortal Regiment

Dedicated to the participants of the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945).

For a long time those battles rumbled,

The soldiers fell

For the motherland, freedom,

Otherwise they could not.

Many of them failed

Even at your wedding to take a walk,

And destined in mortal battles

at the cost of life

Defend your native land.

Motherland will never forget you.

For all time "Immortal Regiment"

It will be a living monument to you!

And every year, in the spring,

When the victorious May comes

Together with us across the country

"Immortal Regiment" will pass...

May 2017. Rybalkina M.S.

According to the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, human losses Soviet Union during the Great Patriotic War amounted to 26.6 million people. In memory of the fallen soldiers, major victories of the Army and the heroic deed of the Soviet people in the war, numerous war memorials and monuments have been erected not only in Russia, but also abroad.
Here are photos of the monuments of the Second World War, which I took during our travels since 2007. to 2015

1. Russian Federation, Volgograd. The main element of the ensemble "To the Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad" on Mamaev Kurgan is the sculpture "The Motherland Calls!"

2. Russian Federation, Volgograd. The Gerhardt Mill is a building destroyed during the Great Patriotic War, left in ruins as a memory to the descendants of the brutal battles of the Battle of Stalingrad

3. Russian Federation, Vladivostok. Monument to the sailors of the merchant fleet 1941-1945.

4. Russian Federation, Veliky Novgorod. "Victory Monument" installed on "Catherine Hill" in memory of the victory of the Soviet Union over the fascist invaders

5. Russian Federation, Republic of Tatarstan, Yelabuga. On the Square of Memory there is a bust of the Marshal of the Soviet Union - Leonid Alexandrovich Govorov.

6. Russian Federation, Moscow region, Odintsovo district. d. Troitskoye. Monument to the fallen Soviet soldiers who defended the approaches to Moscow. The names of the fallen soldiers are carved on the slabs of the memorial, among which is the name of my husband's great-uncle.

7. Russian Federation, Moscow region, Zvenigorod. Memorial to those who died in the Great Patriotic War.

8. Russian Federation, Kaliningrad region, Baltiysk. Mass grave on the street. Red Army.

9. Russian Federation, Kaliningrad region, Zelenogradsk. The grave of the Hero of the USSR Tkachenko I.F.

10. Russian Federation, Republic of Karelia, Medvezhyegorsk. Burial of Soviet soldiers.

11. Russian Federation, Republic of Karelia, Medvezhyegorsk region. Mass grave 9 km from the village of Povenets.

12. Russian Federation, Republic of Karelia, Medvezhyegorsk region. d. Kadmaselga. Brotherly grave.

13. Russian Federation, Kaluga region, Kondrovo. Monument to the heroes of the Great Patriotic War

14. Russian Federation, Kaluga region, regional center Przemysl. Monument to Soviet soldiers who died in the Great Patriotic War.

15. Russian Federation, Kaluga region, national park Ugra, Sukovsky bridgehead.

16. Russian Federation, Kaluga region, Yukhnov. Monument to the soldiers who died in the battles for the Motherland

17. Russian Federation, Kaluga region, Yukhnov. Monument to prisoners of Nazi concentration camps

18. Russian Federation, Kaluga region, Kozelsk. Memorial complex Heroes of Kozelsk square, Motherland monument.

19. Russian Federation, Voronezh region, p. Kochetovka. Military memorial "Memory", mass grave No. 305

20. Russian Federation, Moscow region, Kubinka. Memorial in the military-historical Museum of armored weapons and equipment of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

21. RF. Moscow region, Dmitrov. Monument to the line of counteroffensive

22. Russian Federation, Vladimir region. Murom. Alley of Heroes of the USSR in Oka Park.

23. Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod. Memorial "Gorky front"

24. Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don. Memorial complex "To soldiers for the liberation of the city from Nazi invaders"

25. Russian Federation, Yaroslavl region, Rybinsk. Memorial complex "Fire of Glory"

26. Russian Federation, Smolensk.

27. Russian Federation, Pskov. The monument-tank symbolizes the military glory of the tankers participating in the liberation of Pskov in 1944

28. Poland. Auschwitz-Birkenau (Auschwitz) concentration camp and death camp

29. Slovakia. Bratislava. Mount "Slavin" - a monument erected in honor of Soviet soldiers who died in battles with the Nazis for Bratislava in 1945

30. Belarus. Brest. Brest Fortress. Sculpture "Thirst"

31. Hungary. Budapest. "Monument to the Soviet soldiers-liberators"

32. Poland, Warsaw. Monument to the Heroes of Warsaw

33. Lithuania. Klaipeda city. Monument to fallen soldiers

34. Estonia. city ​​of Narva. Obelisk dedicated to the soldiers of the Soviet Army who fell in the Second World War

35. Bulgaria. town of Nessebar.

36. Norway. The grave of seven unknown soldiers of the Soviet army, near the town of Nesna.

37. Estonia. Tallinn. bronze soldier

In the Moscow region, there are about three thousand monuments and monuments dedicated to the battles of the Great Patriotic War. Some are famous all over the world, others, small, but personifying significant events, are not known even to local residents. On the eve of the Victory Day, we have selected for you several places with an unusual history.

"Feat 28"

Olga Razgulyaeva / Moscow region today

The memorial complex in Dubosekovo was created in May 1975, on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the Victory. On the commemorative plate is carved: "Defending Moscow in the harsh days of November 1941, at this turn in a fierce battle with the fascist invaders, 28 Panfilov heroes fought to the death and defeated." Six ten-meter figures personify representatives of six nationalities who fought here.

By official version When the German offensive began on Moscow, 28 soldiers from the personnel of the 4th company of the 2nd battalion of the 1075th rifle regiment, led by political instructor Klochkov, defended the siding near the village of Dubosekovo. During the four-hour battle, they destroyed 18 enemy tanks, while all were killed. Historians note a host of inconsistencies in this story; many are sure that there were more fighters, and that not all of them died. However, to this day, the story of the 28 Panfilovites remains one of the most famous stories about the war.

By the way, the famous phrase “Russia is great, but there is nowhere to retreat - behind Moscow” is attributed precisely to political instructor Klochkov.

"Peremilovskaya height"

Wilberus/Wikimedia.org

This place within the boundaries of modern Yakhroma received its current name in 1941. The Germans had no doubt that they would easily take this line, because the famous 7th Panzer Division, which immediately captured Paris, was on the offensive. Our soldiers had almost nothing to fight back: the company holding the defense along the western outskirts of Yakhroma did not even have hand grenades in its arsenal. The Germans captured the city, crossed the channel to them. Moscow, entrenched on its eastern shore and rushed to Peremilovo. Soldiers of the 3rd Battalion of the 29th Infantry Brigade, led by Lieutenant Lermontov, stood in their way. A fierce battle broke out: German tanks, accompanied by infantry on one side, and a handful of soldiers with two guns on the other.

At that time, the commander of the First Shock Army, Lieutenant General Kuznetsov, was in Dmitrov. At his disposal were only a rifle brigade, one armored train, a Dmitrovsky construction battalion and a Katyusha division with one ammunition load. With this stock and decided to go to the rescue. The first battle did not bring results, but on the morning of November 29, under the cover of darkness, Soviet soldiers broke into the village. The enemy, having lost several dozen soldiers from the 14th Motorized Division and 20 tanks of the 7th Panzer Division, retreated in disarray to the western bank of the canal. There was no more chance of a swift attack on Moscow from the north.

In 1966, in the year of the 25th anniversary of the Battle of Moscow, a bronze monument was erected at the Peremilov height. And later, the poet Robert Rozhdestvensky, at the request of the residents of Yakhrom, wrote a six-line poem, the lines of which are now carved on a granite pedestal:

Remember:
From this threshold
In an avalanche of smoke, blood and adversity,
Here in the forty-first the road began
In victorious
Forty-fifth year.

Monument to Podolsk cadets

wikipedia.org

It was erected in honor of the feat of the commanders and cadets of the military schools of Podolsk, who, together with the 43rd Army, defended the southwestern approaches to Moscow.

In 1939-1940, artillery and infantry schools were established in Podolsk. Before the start of the war, more than three thousand cadets studied there. On October 5, 1941, almost two thousand cadets of the artillery and one and a half thousand cadets of the infantry school were alerted and sent to the defense of Maloyaroslavets. For several days they held back the advance of the Germans, which were many times superior in strength. On October thirteenth, enemy tanks approached with red flags, but the deception was discovered, and the attack was repelled. Soon, German troops captured the defensive lines at the Ilyinsky combat site, and almost all the cadets who held the defense there were killed. Only on October 25, the rest were taken from the battlefield and sent on foot to complete their studies in Ivanovo. By that time, almost 2.5 thousand people had died.

Tank T-34 in Kalinovo

Tomcat / pomnivoinu.ru

A memorial in the Serpukhov region was erected in memory of the tanker Dmitry Lavrinenko and his crew. After the battles near Mtsensk, the 4th tank brigade was transferred near Moscow, to the Volokolamsk direction. However, 105 kilometers from the capital, one tank was missing: Lavrinenko's crew, which had previously been left to guard the headquarters of the 50th Army, arrived only a day later. It turned out that, although the tankers were released to catch up with the brigade, they failed to reach their own along the road clogged with vehicles.

When the crew arrived in Serpukhov, a large reconnaissance detachment was already on its way to the city - a battalion of Germans on motorcycles, three vehicles with guns and one staff vehicle. The city had only a fighter battalion in reserve, in which the elderly and teenagers served. And then one of the soldiers remembered - there are tankers in the city! The commandant set Lavrinenko the task of stopping the enemy.

Having disguised the car at the edge of the forest in the area of ​​present-day Protvino, the tankers began to wait for the Germans. They were so sure of themselves that they did not even send intelligence. Letting the lead car up to 150 meters, Lavrinenko shot the convoy at close range. Two guns were immediately destroyed, and the third German gunners tried to turn around, but Lavrinenko gave the command to ram. The tank jumped out onto the road and, crashing into trucks with infantry, crushed the last gun. The commandant of Serpukhov was handed over 13 machine guns, six mortars, 10 motorcycles with sidecars and an anti-tank gun with full ammunition and several prisoners. The German staff bus Firsov allowed to be taken to the brigade. There were documents and maps, which were immediately sent to Moscow.

Monument to Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya on the Minsk highway

histrf.ru

Installed near the village of Petrishchevo, where the partisan detachment of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was discovered by the Germans, and Zoya herself was tortured and killed. The body of the girl hung in the middle of the village to intimidate the inhabitants for more than a month (according to other sources, three days). She was buried in a nearby forest. In May 1942, the ashes of Zoya were transferred with military honors from Petrishchevo to Novodevichy cemetery to Moscow; Decree of the Presidium Supreme Council USSR she was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Now her memorial museum is open in Petrishchevo.

Anti-tank hedgehogs in Khimki

Snezny Bars/Wikimedia.org

Installed on December 6, 1966 at the 23rd kilometer of the Leningradskoye highway in honor of the 25th anniversary of the defeat of the Nazi army near Khimki. To put up this memorial of iron, stone and reinforced concrete, the swamp had to be drained on the spot and piles driven in. The composition is dedicated to four Moscow and one Ivanovo-Voznesensk divisions of the people's militia, which defended the capital in the autumn days of 1941.

Monument to the Soldier-Liberator in Serpukhov

memory-map.prosv.ru

The author's 2.5-meter model of the famous Vuchetich monument, installed in the German Treptow Park. The sculptor recalled how, after the Potsdam Conference, he was summoned by Klement Voroshilov and offered to prepare a project for an ensemble dedicated to the victory. Someone suggested that the declaration was signed by Stalin, which means that he should be in the center, the sculptor decided. He made a project, but he was dissatisfied with it. And then he decided, as an experiment, to create a second one - a Russian soldier carrying a German girl out of the fire in his arms. With his machine gun he breaks the swastika.

They say that Stalin studied both layouts for a long time. “Listen, Vuchetich, aren't you tired of this ... with a mustache?” He said, pointing to the main project with his mouthpiece. And chose the second one. He only advised me to give the soldier something more eternal, more symbolic than a machine gun. So the warrior-liberator got a sword.

In 1964, a model of the sculpture was brought from Berlin to Serpukhov, where since 2008 it has been installed on Cathedral Hill near the mass grave. There are also smaller copies of the monument in Vereya, near Moscow, in Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Region, and in Tver.

Vasily Terkin in gold

DeerChum/Wikimapia.org

The gilded monument to a soldier with an accordion in Orekhovo-Zuyevo actually represents a very specific person. This is Vasily Terkin, who, with the light hand of Tvardovsky, became the personification of a simple Russian guy in the Great Patriotic War. Tvardovsky began work on the poem and the image of the protagonist in 1939-1940, as a correspondent for the newspaper of the Leningrad Military District "On Guard of the Motherland" during the Finnish campaign. The name of the hero and his image were invented jointly by the editorial board of the newspaper. In particular, Samuil Marshak also helped. In 2015, the Russian Reporter magazine ranked the poem 28th in the Top 100 Most Popular Poems in Russia.

Markovskaya Evgenia, 5th grade, Nereiko Ruslan, 5th grade, Alexey Panov, 5th grade, Daniel Popov, 5th grade

IN Lately we often hear how Victory memorials are being dismantled in many cities and countries. In our project, we wanted to find, learn more about the history of the monuments, to whom and for what feats they were erected. Our duty is to honor the feat of every defender of our country, everyone who fought on the battlefield, in the rear brought the great Victory Day closer. The only thing our generation can do is take care of the monuments. And also remember the feat of our people and pass it on to their descendants.

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MO "Kuril City District"

municipal budgetary educational institution

secondary school with. Hot Keys

TOPIC OF PROJECT WORK

"MONUMENTS OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR"

Compiled by: Markovskaya Evgenia, Grade 5

Nereiko Ruslan, 5th grade

Panov Alexey, 5th grade

Popov Daniel, 5th grade

Pushkar Danil, 5th grade

Scientific adviser: Subbotina Svetlana Yurievna,

Deputy Director for UVR,

MBOU secondary school with. Hot Keys.

from. Hot Keys, 2015

Introduction 3

1. Monuments of WWII 4

Conclusion 12

Literature 13

Annex 14

Doing

This year we are celebrating the 70th anniversary of the Victory. Our people really won the most brutal war of the 20th century, saved our country, saved Europe from fascism and gave us all a future.

Recently, we often hear how Victory memorials are being dismantled in many cities and countries. In our project, we wanted to find, learn more about the history of monuments, to whom and for what feats they were erected.

Our duty is to honor the feat of every defender of our country, everyone who fought on the battlefield, in the rear brought the great Victory Day closer. The only thing our generation can do is take care of the monuments. At least three times a year (June 22, February 23, May 9) bring flowers to the foot of the monuments. And also remember the feat of our people and pass it on to their descendants.

The purpose of the work: to collect information about the monuments

Tasks:

Find out if monuments to war heroes are necessary.

Find out to whom and where the monuments were erected.

Hypothesis -

we assume that in our country there are monuments dedicated to the war of 1941-1945 in almost every city, even in villages and villages. The task of our generation is to know the feat of our grandfathers and great-grandfathers, to remember and be proud of them.

Methods:

Working with books and searching for information on the Internet;

Fiery forties. The harsh years of the Great Patriotic War will never be erased in the memory of the people. A bright page in the history of the war was written by the working people of the hero city of Moscow. Moscow was for them the personification of the will to win, the personification of heroism, resilience and courage. In bronze, granite and marble obelisks, sculptures, memorial plaques, and the names of streets and squares, Moscow immortalized the memory of glorious warriors.

1. Memorial "Tomb of the Unknown Soldier"

In December 1966, when the 25th anniversary of the defeat of the Nazi troops near Moscow was celebrated, the remains of the Unknown Soldier, who died a heroic death while defending the Soviet capital, were buried near the ancient Kremlin wall, in the Alexander Garden. Before that, the ashes of the hero rested on the 40th kilometer from Moscow along the Leningrad highway - at the turn, where in the fall of 1941. there were fierce battles. By accepting the remains of the hero into its sacred land, Moscow thereby perpetuated the memory of all those who gave their lives for the freedom of the Fatherland.

The monument is a monumental architectural ensemble (authors - architects D. Burdin, V. Klimov, and Yu. Rabaev). Above the burial place of the Unknown Soldier, in the center is a large area. Above it rises a tombstone with five steps made of red granite. Exciting words are inscribed on the slab: " Your name it is not known, your feat is immortal. A bronze lamp in the form of a five-pointed star is mounted at the base of the platform. In its center burns the fire of Eternal glory.

To the left of the grave there is a granite pylon with an inscription: “1941 to those who fell for the Motherland 1945”. To the right is a row of memorial blocks. Under their slabs are capsules with the sacred land of hero cities.

Here is land from the Piskarevsky cemetery, where the defenders of Leningrad, who defended the city during the blockade, are buried; from the mass graves of Kiev and Mamayev Kurgan, where the Great Battle of the Volga was fought. Here is land from the Malakhov Kurgan, from the “Glory Belt” of Odessa, and land taken at the gates of the Brest Fortress. The other three memorial blocks perpetuated the memory of Minsk, Kerch, and Novorossiysk. The tenth memorial block is dedicated to the hero city of Tula. This entire memorial row is made of dark red porphyry. The tombstone of the soldier forever covered the battle red banner, cast from ageless copper. A soldier's helmet and a laurel branch, a symbol of popular honor to the hero, are made of the same metal. At the Eternal Flame, blazing in the very center of Moscow, the words shine: Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Volgograd, Sevastopol, Odessa, Kerch, Novorossiysk, Tula, Brest Fortress. Behind each of these names is boundless devotion to the Motherland, boundless fortitude and heroism.

2. In memory of Leningrad children who died at the Lychkovo station

In the small village of Lychkovo, Novgorod region, there is an unmarked mass grave from the time of the Great Patriotic War. One of many in Russia. One of the most tragic and sad. Because it's a children's grave...

In July 1941, at the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the evacuation of the civilian population began from Leningrad. First of all, the children went to the rear. It was impossible then to foresee the course of hostilities ... Children were taken out of Leningrad in order to be saved, away from death and suffering. But as it turned out, they were being taken straight towards the war. At the Lychkovo station, fascist planes bombed a train of 12 wagons. In the summer of 1941, hundreds of innocent children died.

The number of dead little Leningraders is still not known. Fate smiled only a few. The rest after the bombing, local residents collected fragments. Since then, a grave has appeared in the civil cemetery in Lychkovo. A grave in which the ashes of innocent children are buried.

The sculpture consists of several parts. On a granite slab there is a flame of an explosion cast in bronze that threw a child into the air. At the foot of the slab are the toys he dropped. The author of the monument, for the construction of which the Lychkov House of Veterans from all over Russia received more than half a million rubles, was the Moscow sculptor, People's Artist of Russia Alexander Burganov. The height of the sculptural composition is about three meters.

It was a terrible tragedy. But the post-war unconsciousness is even more terrible: Lychkov's events were simply forgotten. Only a modest mass grave with the inscription "Leningrad children" reminded of them. The grave was cared for by local women from among the witnesses of the bloody bombardment for almost 60 years.

In 2003, a small monument was erected at the burial site - a bronze sculpture, which always has fresh flowers.

On May 4, 2005, on the eve of the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the Great Victory in the village of Lychkovo, a solemn opening ceremony of the memorial "To the Children Who Died in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" was held.

The monument was erected on the forecourt, not far from the site of the tragedy. Trains will pass by the monument every day, and children's voices will always be heard through the noise of the wheels. The memory of the terrible tragedy that claimed the lives of children will always be alive here.

The poet A. Molchanov wrote a poem "In memory of the Leningrad children who died at the Lychkovo station", there are these words:

Is it possible to forget

Like children in parts

Collected

So that in a mass grave,

Like fallen soldiers

Bury?..

3. Monument to children - a victim of concentration camps.

A monument to children who died in Nazi concentration camps was erected near the Makhovaya Tower in the city of Smolensk. The author is Alexander Parfenov. A monument in the shape of a fluffy dandelion made up of figures of children, and the names of concentration camps are written on the leaves of the flower: Auschwitz, Dachau, Buchenwald.

4. "Flower of Life"

In 1968, Tanya Savicheva's diary was immortalized in stone, being an integral part of the Flower of Life memorial complex on Poklonnaya Hill, dedicated to all the children who died in the blockade ring.

5. In memory of tens of thousands of Soviet prisoners of war

In the city of Vyazma, on the eve of the Day of Remembrance and Sorrow, a memorial was opened in memory of tens of thousands of dead participants in the defense of Moscow. It is installed on the site of mass graves of the victims of the German transit camp "Dulag-184". In March of this year, the Russian Military Historical Society took control of the situation with ownerless burials on the territory of the former Dulag-184 camp, responding to an appeal from the Vyazemsky Memorial public organization. The organization, which is engaged in restoring the memory of the victims of the German transit camp, includes relatives of the prisoners of the camp, search engines, veterans of the Great Patriotic War, historians, public figures, volunteers.

45 burial ditches 100 meters long and four wide with the remains of prisoners of war remained after the Nazi occupation of Vyazma (October 1941-March 12, 1943) at the intersection of Repin and Kronstadtskaya streets. Here, in the building of the current Vyazemsky meat-packing plant - then it was an unfinished aircraft factory without a roof, windows and doors, in October 1941 the invaders organized the Dulag-184 transit camp. In the first months of the war, it turned out to be encircled militiamen who survived in the "meat grinder" of the Vyazemsky cauldron. Many were brought from the battlefield in serious condition. Only in the first winter of 1941-1942, up to 70 thousand prisoners died. The dead were dumped into huge ditches. Seventy years later, the mass grave site has turned into a wasteland. At the request of local residents, in the 90s of the last century, a modest stele with a bell was erected in the wasteland in memory of the tragedy that happened here. There were five "death factories" on the territory of Vyazma.

The author of the project of the Vyazemsky monument in memory of the victims of the German transit camp is Salavat Shcherbakov, People's Artist of Russia, one of the leading sculptors of our country. The memorial consists of three concrete steles 3-4 meters high. On the central stele, in bronze relief, soldiers and civilians who died here are represented. Behind them are spruces and a camp tower. The composition is framed by photographs of people taken from authentic photographs of the dead, given to the sculptor by relatives and search engines. 50 photographic images are embedded in the surface of the monument.

The casting for the monument was made in the city of Zhukovsky, Moscow Region, the granite slab was ordered in St. Petersburg, and the concrete foundations were ordered in Smolensk. The foundation was made in Vyazma, the bronze relief - in Moscow. The total weight of all structural elements is about 20 tons.

Former prisoner Sofia Anvaer recalled: “Through the barbed wire, the inhabitants of the city saw our suffering and tried to help. Wrapped in rags, women and children approached the wire and threw over packages with some food. The prisoners rushed to them, machine guns pounded on the tower. People fell with outstretched hands for food. Women also fell on the other side of the fence. It was impossible for us to help. Thirst joined the pangs of hunger and cold. It was no longer possible to go into the basement, where there was water - the entrance to it was blocked by a mountain of corpses. People drank, filtering through a rag, liquid mud from the yard, mixed with thousands of boots.

6. "People of the world stand up for a minute"

The main components of the complex "People of the world stand up for a minute" installed in Moscow, in memory of prisoners of Nazi death camps during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, are three black granite slabs.

The first plate symbolizes juvenile prisoners concentration camps who were tortured there during the war.

The second plate is dedicated to all prisoners - men and women.

The third commemorative plate symbolizes prisoners - Soviet military personnel and is dedicated to the memory of those killed in the death camps of Buchenwald, Sachsenhausen, Dachau, Ravensbrück and Auschwitz.

7. "The Tragedy of the Nations"

In Moscow, on Poklonnaya Hill in 1997, a monument was erected "The Tragedy of the Peoples", its author is Zurab Tsereteli.

The sculpture commemorates the victims of the fascist genocide.

8. Sculptural composition "Come back with victory!"

On May 8, 2009 in the exhibition complex of the museum under open sky"Salute, Victory!" in the park. Frunze in Orenburg, the opening of a new sculptural

compositions. The sculptural group depicts an Orenburg woman with children mournfully seeing off the head of the family to the front, made by Moscow sculptor Vasily Nikolaev and dedicated to the feat of Orenburg women, workers, mothers in the harsh war years.

9. Sculpture "Motherland"

Sculpture "Motherland" is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the largest sculpture-statue in the world at the time of construction. Its height is 52 meters, the length of the arm is 20 meters and the length of the sword is 33 meters. The total height of the sculpture is 85 meters. The weight of the sculpture is 8 thousand tons, and the sword is 14 tons. At the moment, the statue takes 11th place in the list of the tallest statues in the world.

The silhouette of the sculpture "Motherland" was taken as the basis for the development of the emblem and flag of the Volgograd region.

At the foot of the Motherland monument, the commander of the 62nd Army is buried, who distinguished himself in Battle of Stalingrad, Marshal of the Soviet Union Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov.

The statue is an allegorical image of the Motherland, calling its sons to battle with the enemy!

10. Monument to a grieving mother

In Zadonsk there is also a wonderful monument to Mother - Maria Matveevna Frolova, the mother of 12 children, who lost everyone at the front.

11. Praskovya Eremeevna Volodichkina and her dead sons.

“Sometimes it seems to me that the soldiers,

From the bloody fields that did not come,

Not in our land once perished,

And they turned into white cranes .... "

Cranes of memory can be found more and more often on the ground. They set off for eternal flight from various places in our Motherland.

IN Samara region the maternal prowess of the remarkable Russian woman Praskovya Eremeevna Volodichkina and the feat of arms of her dead sons are immortalized. When the war began, all nine Volodichkin brothers left one by one to defend their Fatherland. Already in June-July 1941, they fought in different sectors of the front. Praskovya Eremeevna had to see them off alone, since the head of the family, Pavel Vasilyevich, had died by that time. But with the youngest, Nikolai, the mother did not even say goodbye. He only handed over a short note, folded into a tube: “Mom, dear mother. Don't grieve, don't grieve. Do not worry. We're going to the front. We will defeat the Nazis and we will all return to you. Wait. Your Kolka.

But Praskovya Yeremeevna never waited for her sons. No one. Five of them - Nikolai, Andrei, Fedor, Mikhail, Alexander - died in 1941-1943. After the fifth funeral, the mother's heart failed. The sixth - to Vasily, who died in January 1945, came to an empty house, in which all the wounded in the summer of 45 returned Peter, Ivan and Konstantin. But they, one by one, began to die from numerous wounds received at the front.

And on May 7, 1995, on a steep cliff not far from the house, located on the street with the symbolic name Krasnoarmeiskaya, a majestic granite and bronze memorial stood up. Nine bronze cranes rush into the sky from an 11-meter stele. And in front of her stands a sculpture of Praskovya Eremeevna. Ahead is a 7-ton granite monument with the names of all the sons and their mother and the text: "Grateful Russia to the Volodichkin family."

12. Patriot mother Anastasia Kupriyanova and her dead sons

In 1975, a monument to the patriotic mother Anastasia Kupriyanova and her dead sons was solemnly opened in Zhodino. The composition of the monument includes two parts: on one pedestal there is a figure of a mother escorting her children to the front, a little ahead - five sons leaving for battle. The younger one, falling behind and turning around, as if he wants to say: “Wait for us with victory, mother!”

We need to remember that there was once a terrible war, and the Mother lost five of her sons. Victory in this war came at a heavy price, and we all must keep the peace so that our mothers never again mourn their sons.

13. Monument to the "Mothers of War"

IN Leningrad region in the village of Bobrovka, Trinity district, a monument to the "Mothers of War" was opened

14. "Sorrow Square" in St. Petersburg

The sculpture of the memorial complex is a sculpture of a mother, located on the "Sorrow Square". It contains all the pain of mothers who lost their relatives in the war.

15. Victory Monument in Penza

One of the main regional monuments dedicated to labor and military exploits in the Great Patriotic War in the city of Penza is the Victory Monument. The memorial, erected on May 9, 1975 in a new microdistrict, which later became the central district of the city, has a height of 5.6 meters and is now part of the architectural composition of Victory Square. The authors of the monument were: St. Petersburg sculptor, who participated in the creation of the monument to the "First Settler", V.G. Kozenyuk, G.D. Yastrebenetsky, N.O. Teplov and architect V.A. Sokhin.

The Monument of Labor and Military Glory is presented in the form of a bronze figure of a woman with a child on her left shoulder and a defending warrior holding a rifle with one hand and protecting his mother with the other. The sculptural composition stands on pedestals of different heights, the highest point of which is a gilded branch in the hands of a child. The monument is located in the very center of five granite flights of stairs, having the shape of a five-pointed star, the continuation of which are five streets: Lunacharsky, Lenin, Karpinsky, Communist and Pobeda Avenue. In the niche of one of the walls of the ramp there is a unique book of memory of 114 thousand fellow countrymen who died during the Great Patriotic War, whose names were known at the time of the opening of the monument. Near the monument, the Eternal Flame burns, lit in Moscow at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier and delivered in an army armored car to Penza.

The Victory Monument, opened on the thirtieth anniversary of the Great Victory in Penza, and today serves as a place of service for the guard of honor on May 9, February 23 and on the day of memory and sorrow - June 22.

16. Monument to Misha Panikah

The monument to Misha Panikah was opened in May 1975 in Volgograd. The creators of the monument, architect Kharitonov and designer Belousov, portrayed Misha at the moment of his heroic throw with a grenade in his hands at the main Nazi tank.

17. Monument to Soviet soldiers who fell in the battles for the liberation of South Sakhalin and Kuril Islands in 1945.

18. Murmansk memorial "Defenders of the Soviet Arctic during the Great Patriotic War"

Represents a huge figure of a soldier standing on top of one of the Murmansk hills and visible from a great distance. In general, thanks to the song written in 1968, many single monuments began to be called "Alyosha" in the Soviet Union, including in Murmansk.

19. Monument to the Defenders of Moscow

40th kilometer of the Leningrad highway. The city of Zelenograd is one of the newest and most beautiful districts of Moscow. It spread freely in the forest near Moscow near the Kryukovo station. Here in November-December 1941. The defenders of the Motherland fought to the death. From here they began their victorious journey to the west. In the history of the great battle for Moscow, the battle near Kryukovo is one of its brightest pages. The soldiers of the Eighth Guards named after I.V. had a chance to defend Kryukovo. Panfilov of the rifle division, the second guards cavalry corps of General L.M. Dovator and the First Guards Tank Brigade, General M.E. Katukov. Desperately, despising death, they fought for every street, for every house. Our soldiers retreated only on the night of December 3rd. They understood that Kryukovo had become a stronghold of the enemy, wedged into our defenses near Moscow. To knock him out of these positions is a task of paramount importance. On January 4-6, attacks on the enemy dug in in Kryukovo were carried out by units of the 44th Cavalry and 8th Guards Divisions together with the 1st Tank Brigade. The Nazis stubbornly resisted, did everything to contain the onslaught of our troops. In these battles, our soldiers performed feats of unfading glory. Thousands of soldiers and officers died, throwing the enemy away from Moscow at the cost of their lives.

June 24, 1974 the opening of a monument to the defenders of Moscow, designed by architects I. Pokrovsky, Yu. Sverdlovsky and A. Shteiman, took place. At the grand opening there were those who had traveled the roads of the war to Berlin and those who, remaining in the rear, forged formidable weapons, and those who, having been born after the war, had never heard the thunder of cannons.

On the hill of Glory, which forever covered the ashes of the heroes, a forty-meter obelisk in the form of a trihedral bayonet rises. The contours of a five-pointed star are embossed on it. At an angle to the obelisk stands a monumental stele with a bas-relief of a warrior. A heavy helmet shadows his eyes, sternly looking out of the stone. A laurel branch is carved on one of the blocks. The words are inscribed next to it: “1941. Here, the defenders of Moscow, who died in the battle for their homeland, remained forever immortal.

At the foot of the hill on a black marble slab is a bronze bowl. On its inner side there is an ornament made of red copper - an oak branch - a symbol of eternal life. On the cup there is an inscription: "The Motherland will never forget its sons."

19. Monument to the "Defenders of Moscow"

On the Leningrad highway (23rd kilometer) there is another famous one - a composition of huge anti-tank Hedgehogs.

20. "Rear Front"

Monument located in the city of Magnitogorsk. Its height is 15 meters. The monument is a two-figure composition of a worker and a warrior. The worker is oriented to the east, towards the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works. Warrior to the west, to the side where the enemy was during the Great Patriotic War. It is understood that the sword, forged on the banks of the Urals, was then raised by the Motherland in Stalingrad and lowered after the victory in Berlin. The composition also includes an eternal flame in the form of a granite flower star.

The monument is complemented by two human-height trapezes, on which the names of Magnitogorsk residents who received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union in the Great Patriotic War are written in bas-relief.

On May 9, 2005, another addition was opened, made in the form of two triangular sections, symmetrically filled with elevations of their granite, on which the names of Magnitogorsk residents who died in the Great Patriotic War are carved. There are more than 14,000 surnames in total.

Conclusion

In the course of our work, we found out that the monuments are dedicated not only to heroic warriors who shed blood at the front, but also to children, mothers, and home front workers. Monuments have been erected not only in our country, but also in other countries, the liberators of which are Soviet soldiers. Their feat is remembered and honored there.

When we conducted a survey about the need to install monuments, everyone answered that it was very important. You need to remember and know your history.

In our work, we have collected information about many monuments. Particularly touched by sculptures dedicated to children and mothers.

Literature

1. https:// fishki.net

2. https://