Cosmonautics Day event

Prepared by: Petrova Tatyana Viktorovna, Tokkuzhina Dinagul Urazbaevna, Zhalekesheva Kulpan Zhumagazievna. KSU "Kostanay correctional boarding school No. 2 for orphans and children left without parental care" of the Department of Education of the Akimat of Kostanay region (April 2013)

Target:

• Expand the idea of ​​space as an infinite space, a world whose inhabitants are stars and planets, other space objects;
• emphasize the uniqueness of planet Earth, the responsibility of people for its future;
• create an atmosphere of cooperation and search, conducive to the development of cognitive abilities and the formation of a personal attitude to the environment;
• to form the ability to think logically, to make conclusions, based on acquired knowledge and experience;
• continue to form the ability of children to meaningfully, competently, coherently and consistently express their thoughts, activate the vocabulary of children;
• to educate children in moral feelings and attitudes: friendliness, readiness to help.

Preliminary work.

Acquaintance with famous cosmonauts: Yuri Gagarin, Toktar Aubakirov, Talgat Mussabayev. Reading books about space, watching cartoons on a space theme: "The Secret of the Third Planet" and others. Acquaintance with the solar system, the planets of the solar system. Examination of a map of the starry sky, constellations; viewing pictures of spaceships, space equipment, space clothes, food for astronauts. Learning poems with parents on space topics; exhibition of drawings; craft competition "My starship"; building games: "Space Station", "Lunokhod", "Cosmodrome"; production of attributes for plot-role-playing games; plot - role-playing games: "Rocket flies to the moon", "Future astronauts".

Course progress.

— Good afternoon, dear friends, guests of our space journey! You are greeted by the commanders of the ship: - Dina, Tatyana!

Guys, you already know a lot about space. We talked a lot with you on this topic, read books, looked at illustrations, drew, made.

Now let's take a look together Slideshow spaceflight.

— Since time immemorial, people have been striving for space. This dream was reflected in fairy tales, legends, fantastic works. In fairy tales, people took to the air on a magic carpet, in a mortar, flew on a broomstick. (Show pictures)

And finally, the dream came true. Scientists and designers created the first Vostok spacecraft. (Slide) Before a man flew into space, animals visited there.

The dog Laika was the first to go into space. At that time, people still knew very little about space, and spacecraft were not yet able to return from orbit. Therefore, Laika remained forever in outer space. (Slide) Three years after the unsuccessful flight of the dog Laika, two dogs Belka and Strelka are already sent into space.

In space, they visited only one day and successfully landed on Earth. (Slide) A monkey was the first in America to fly into space on a rocket. After a successful flight into space of animals, the road to the stars became open to man. Eight months later, on the same spaceship that the dogs Belka and Strelka flew, a man went into space.

April 12, 1961 at 06:07, the Vostok launch vehicle was launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome. For the first time in the world, a spaceship with a man on board broke into the expanses of the universe.

Guys, which of you will say what was the name of the first person who opened the road to space?

His name was Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin. (Slide)

People travel a lot around the world. They travel by train, steamboat, airplane, but not a single person before Y. Gagarin raced on a rocket ship to the stars.

Aubakirov and Musabaev are called Kazakh cosmonauts. Yes, indeed, in the fall of 1991, Toktar Aubakirov flew under the so-called Kazakhstani program. And his understudy was Talgat Mussabayev.

Poem Yura Kazanovsky and Andrey Shmelev will tell us about their dream of going to space.

I'll tell you a secret:

We built a rocket

From boxes, chairs, curtains,

They climbed in a crowd under the table,

We took juice and sandwiches,

Suddenly you have to fly ... years?

They started the engine and ... r-r-time ...

We flew to Mars.

We flew for a very long time

Days ... I don’t even know how many!

Rushing in a rocket over the Earth:

My friend, me and my dog.

They went out into space together -

Astronauts also need

Maintain hygiene there

And twist the antenna.

We landed for an hour...

Ate sandwiches at a time,

And then back home

Fled to rest...

After our flight...

Reluctant to leave.

The house is a complete mess

Mom comes in: “That's it, t-a-ak!

Maybe aliens

Arrived with you?

They messed up the dishes

Did they litter me everywhere?

Come on, astronauts quickly

Remove everything so that it is clean! ”

I'll tell you a secret:

In space... there is no order.

Tomorrow we will build a ship

To sail through the world by the sea ...

And today we will go with you on a space journey! What can go into space? (children's answers)

Competition 1. "We are building a rocket" (funny music).

The host invites two couples. One child stands up straight and raises his hands up with his palms together - this is a rocket. The other must wrap as quickly as possible with the paper towel given to them by the host. The result is a real rocket, and you can’t wrap your face, since they are “cosmonauts”. The pair that completes the task faster wins.

So, the rockets are ready, you need to stock up on food and drinks.

caregiver:

To work in space orbit will require a lot of power. And for this you need to eat right. But eating in zero gravity is a rather difficult task. To ensure maximum comfort for the astronauts, all the food for them is packed in tubes - you unscrew the cap and here you are, for lunch, borscht or mashed potatoes, and for dessert, apple jam awaits the astronaut in a small beautiful tube. Since we are still preparing for a future flight into space, then we will have fake, “training” tubes of space food. Of course, you know that it is very difficult to eat in space due to weightlessness. Therefore, astronauts have to eat special food from tubes and special jars. But they really want fresh fruit! Let's try to eat them in zero gravity.

Competition 2. "Cosmonaut's Breakfast" (music)

Two people are holding a rope on which four apples are suspended on threads. The host invites four participants who must eat as quickly as possible without touching him with their hands hidden behind their backs.

When preparing to perform various tasks in space orbit, in order to feel comfortable in a state of weightlessness, you need to practice properly. To do this, each player in conditions "as close as possible" to flight conditions will try to collect as many scattered parts as possible from one of the solar batteries of the spacecraft.

A group of boys will perform a song: "Star Song"

Spaceports rumble like distant thunderstorms.

Astronauts look at the blue ball.

And somewhere high stars shine (2 times)

What will be opened by me and you

They float somewhere in their own ways

Now they don't even know

What are named, they will be names.

And very possibly yours and mine.

Nothing disturbs the expanses of the homeland,

The earth dozed off and the city fell silent.

And the chief designer finished, perhaps

A drawing of your and mine starships.

Competition 3. Upside down

Before starting this exercise, three chairs are put together for each team. Team members alternately lie down on them so that the head hangs from the last chair. Closing their eyes with a bandage, the participants for a certain period of time assemble a designer into a box, scattered on the floor within reach. The victory is credited to the team whose players do not leave behind any "space debris". For safety reasons, two adults supervise the progress of this exercise.

Educator: Before launching a rocket into space, scientists calculate the trajectory of its flight. Is it possible to make a balloon move along a predetermined trajectory? What do you guys think? Let's check it out in practice.

Before the relay, the players of each team receive a balloon. It must be carried from start to finish, giving it acceleration with one hand and trying not to touch the floor. The winner is the team whose players finished the relay race first and at the same time made fewer mistakes.

Leading: Our ship is on its way to the planet "Dance", they live on this planet, you will now see for yourself who! /Aliens appear/

Alien: — We welcome you earthlings on our planet "Dance".

We, "Densy", are very pleased with our meeting, now we will show you what kind of humanoids live on our planet.

As they escorted you back to Earth, they gave the space crews this present. Do you want to know what's there? Then let's go back soon!

Emotional discharge "Rocket launch"

To launch space rocket get ready!

- There is! Get ready!!!(salute)

Fasten belts!

-Have fasten seat belts(clap in front of you)

Enable contacts!

- There are enable contacts(put thumbs together in front of them)

Start the motors!!!

— Yes, start the engines! !(thumbs twirl and rising rumble)!!!

When, the hum has become loud, the presenter on the fingers counts:

5,4,3,2,1 start!!

Everyone is screaming: Hooray! Hooray! Hooray!

Leading: And now, after a safe return home, you and I can find out what they gave us. The inhabitants of the planet presented a space suit as a memento of our meeting. And now a photo for memory.

Leading: Time flies, you can't lag behind

Let's go to the start together!

Everyone can become a navigator

Or even an inventor!

For life to pass without a hitch

To remember your name

Let discoveries and deeds

Be kind, not evil!

Sergei Sobyanin: Good evening, dear friends. I am sure that not all representatives of the rocket and space industry and Moscow enterprises are here. In general, tens of thousands of people work in this industry in Moscow. And Igor Anatolyevich Komarov and I (General Director of the state corporation for space activities "Roskosmos") We decided this year to invite you to the main Kremlin hall, the main hall of our country, to thank you and congratulate you on your professional holiday.

In fact, this is not just some narrow professional holiday. 60 years have passed since the rocket-space era began its history. This branch is one of the main, I would say probably the main leading scientific and technical branches of our country, which determines the development of science and technology, the place in the world of our country, sets the direction for the development of many, many industries. And of course, this industry is also a dream, a dream of millions of people who wanted to break out of the limits, go into space, fulfill the dream of mankind.

Of course, this is also an industry that provides us with protection and defense. Without you, without your inventions, technologies, missiles, our country would definitely not feel safe. It is the fusion of the Russian atom and the Russian space that provides the blue and peaceful sky.

And the Russian industry is, of course, people, it's you who are here in this hall, people who gave their whole lives, all their talents and skills in order to create unique devices, unique technologies. Thank you very much!

This industry has not always developed evenly. Once upon a time, all the possibilities of our country were aimed at its development. There were years when it was just on the verge of collapse. An example of this is our space pavilion at VDNKh. I came a few years ago, I saw a lot of things in my life, but what I saw there just shocked me to the core. When, against the backdrop of a portrait of Gagarin, grandmothers in sweatshirts were selling seedlings and brooms. Several years have passed, and I hope that on April 12 we will open the new Cosmos pavilion together with the Russian space corporation Roscosmos with the full support of the President of the country. It will be one of the best space pavilions in the world. So I invite you.

We see that the industry is getting back on its feet and starting to develop. Recall at least the launch of the Vostochny cosmodrome. These are world class events. And I am sure that our space industry has a great future. I am sure that our Moscow enterprises will live and develop. On behalf of Muscovites, I wanted to thank you and congratulate you on your wonderful holiday! Happy holiday, friends!

Igor Komarov: Dear colleagues! Dear friends! Dear veterans! I congratulate you on our holiday - Cosmonautics Day! It has become a good tradition to celebrate this holiday here in the Kremlin, and I hope this tradition will continue. I want to express my gratitude to the Government of Moscow and the Mayor of our capital, Sergei Semenovich Sobyanin, for tonight.

Indeed, this holiday opened a new page and a new era in the life of not only our country, but also humanity. And Sergei Semenovich quite rightly said that in life we ​​experienced different eras, and I wanted to say that VDNKh and the Cosmos pavilion are indeed a symbol of the attention of the Moscow Government to our problems. I was there recently, and we were several years ago. Of course, the feeling that was, on the one hand, in childhood, when one of the most vivid impressions was visiting VDNKh, and especially the Cosmos pavilion, and what Sergei Semenovich is talking about - with seeds, with the sale of seedlings in this pavilion. It was really amazing, and many did not believe that the pavilion could get a second birth, but really a lot was done.

And just the other day, having visited the pavilion, I understood the colossal work that was done by both the services of the city and the Moscow City Hall, I want to say that, indeed, the industrial enterprises, for their part, did not disappoint. And I wanted to thank the enterprises of Moscow and other cities that provided unique exhibits.

Your care was visible that they were in good condition. Indeed, our history was reflected in this pavilion. And I think that the work that was done by both the Moscow City Hall and personally by Sergei Semenovich will be appreciated not only among us and workers in the rocket and space industry in Moscow, but also from the whole country. And of course, you should definitely visit this pavilion.

I want to say that Cosmonautics Day is a day of great breakthrough. Thanks to the feat of Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin, who was provided with the work of hundreds of thousands, millions of people on Earth, the Russian language became the first language in space. And it is still, by the way, mandatory for knowledge on the International Space Station.

If we talk about this year, it is special for us: we are celebrating 20 years of the International Space Station - the greatest high-tech project in low Earth orbit, in which 15 countries participate, and I must say that this project is not only a necessary experience, but we are sure which is the basis. And we will definitely take a step. And we are discussing the projects of a near-lunar station, and subsequently - the formation of a lunar base, our flights both to Mars and into deep space. We will definitely do all this with you.

I want to congratulate you on this holiday, which is not only a holiday for space industry workers, but also for all those who love space! Dear friends! I want to wish you happiness and success, prosperity to you and your loved ones! Happy holiday!

Municipal educational institution

Secondary school in the village of Vozrozhdeniye

extracurricular activity

for elementary grades,

dedicated to Cosmonautics Day

"Journey to the land of astronautics"

Prepared

GPA educator

Filenkova Ludmila Valerievna

Explanatory note.

The extra-curricular event dedicated to the Day of Cosmonautics "Journey to the Land of Cosmonautics" for elementary grades is aimed at repeating and consolidating knowledge on this topic in a playful way.

Goals: 1. education of patriotism, a sense of pride in one's people;

2. expanding the horizons of students on the topic "Space";

3. development cognitive activity and creative abilities.

Tasks: 1. instill respect and pride in the achievements of Russian cosmonautics, the will to win on historical examples;

2. to conduct a game-journey that helps to expand the horizons of students on the topic "Space";

3. create conditions for the development of curiosity, perseverance in acquiring knowledge.

Equipment: computer, multimedia projector, screen, selection of literature about space and astronauts, presentation, musical accompaniment.

Event content

Introductory part 3-5 min.

Journey game 25-30 min.

Reflection 3-5 min.

“Mankind will not stay forever on Earth,

it is in pursuit of light and space

first timidly penetrates beyond the atmosphere,

and then it will conquer all the circumsolar space”

K.E. Tsiolkovsky

1 student(Slide #1)

I would like to fly to the moon
Plunge into the unexplored world.
And like a beautiful dream
Touch the brightest star.

2 student

Fly to distant orbits
Dimensions unknown to all of us,
Where the mysterious space keeps,
Many secrets of the vast universe.

3 student

Visit other planets
Which science does not know about.
And to see unearthly creatures, -
That they fly on strange saucers.

Leading: We are happy to greet you. The conversation will be about world day aviation and astronautics. This is a holiday of lofty dreams, quests and feats. We will make a trip to the unusual and interesting country of Cosmonautics. In the course of which we will talk about how people began to explore outer space, we will learn the names of many famous people who worked on the creation of spacecraft and made flights, exploring space, and why on April 12 we celebrate Cosmonautics Day. I hope that our journey will be interesting and exciting.

Leading: Meet the crews. Our astronauts have passed a rigorous selection process. (In 2 teams of 6 people) (music plays)

Leading: Throughout the flight, their work will be monitored by the flight control center (jury presentation)

The starry sky has always attracted people. People are so arranged that it is always not enough for them that they already know how: they know how to walk - they wanted to ride, they learned to ride - they need to fly like birds. People have long dreamed of flying. Remember the fairy tales that they came up with: who and what managed to fly there (student answers) On a magic carpet, in a mortar on a broomstick, Baron Munchausen flew to the moon on a core, and in Andersen's fairy tale, if you remember, a young man even flew in a chest to the princess. But it's all in fairy tales. There is no magic in life.

Leading: In order to fly we need interplanetary rockets. And our first Station "Design Bureau".

Exercise: each team has puzzles of an interplanetary ship in their envelopes. Which team will collect it first will receive a star. (Slide 2)

Leading: The interplanetary ship is built. (Slide 3).

Student: Distant stars in the sky are burning,

They invite boys and girls to visit.

It won't take us long to get on the road.

And now we are ready to fly!

Leading: Pilots check the calculations,

Fill the tanks with fuel.

Listen to the command: 5-4-3-2-1! Start!

Student: Drawing in an album

We are school and kindergarten.

Above the school, above the garden

The astronaut is flying.

To the starry sky

We take a long look:

go into space

We want too.

Now we'll get another pencil,

And our crew will rise into the sky.

Above the school, above the garden

Let's hit the road

So that from the sky not the earth

Take a look at your family.

Leading: To make time fly faster on the road, listen to a story about the history of the development of astronautics. (Music sounds) (Slide 4)

The first satellite was launched on October 4, 1957. It was just a metal ball about the size of a large ball with four antennae-ears. He weighed 85 kg. There are thousands of satellites flying in space today. They do a very important job. We watch TV shows from different countries The satellites help us. We can make a phone call even to the other side of the globe to America - these are also satellites. They predict the weather. Forest fires are reported in time. Study the starry sky. Can you list everything!

Leading: And we arrived at Starry sky station» (Slide 5).

Exercise: At this station you will have to answer the questions of the quiz. Teams take turns answering questions. For each correct answer, the team receives a star.

1. Boldly floats into space,
Overtaking birds flight.
The man controls it.
What's happened? (Starship) slide 6

2. There are no wings
But this bird
It will fly and land. (Lunokhod) Slide 7

3. Miracle bird - scarlet tail.
Arrived in a flock of stars. (Comet) Slide 8

4. Grew up, grew up,

He was horned - he became round.

Only a circle, this circle -

He suddenly became horny again. (Moon, month) Slide 9

5. The grain scattered at night,
And looked in the morning - there is nothing. (Stars) Slide 10

6. From which bucket
Don't drink, don't eat
Do they just look at him? (Constellation Ursa Major) slide 11

7. Whole track
Stuffed with peas. (Milky Way) slide 12

8. Wandering lonely
fire eye,
Everywhere that happens
Looks warm. (The sun) slide 13

9. Boldly floats in the sky,
Overtaking birds flight.
The man controls it.
What is this? (Airplane) Slide 14

10. A man is sitting in a rocket.
Boldly he flies into the sky,
And on us in your spacesuit
He looks from space. (Astronaut) slide 15

11. This red planet

Flying somewhere in space

We'll send a rocket there

To see it for yourself. (Mars) slide 16

12. Well, which of you will answer:

Not fire, but it burns painfully,

Not a lantern, but it shines brightly,

And not a baker, but bakes? (The sun) Slide 17

Leading: The teams are great. We continue our journey and acquaintance with space. (Music)

A month later, the second artificial Earth satellite entered orbit. On board was the first space traveler - the dog Laika. Scientists wanted to know if it is possible for a living being to stay in space. Can you live there or not? Without an answer to this main question: there was nothing to think about preparing a person for interplanetary travel. The flight gave the answer: you can! However, more checks and checks were needed. At that time, people still knew very little about space and spacecraft could not return from orbit. Therefore, Laika remained forever in outer space. 3 years after the unsuccessful flight of the dog Laika, two dogs are already sent into space - Belka and Strelka. They spent only one day in space and successfully landed on Earth. (Slide 18-19)

Leading: And next Station "Animals in Space".(Slide 20)

Exercise: Teams take turns naming animals that have been in space. The team that names the last animal wins and gets a star. (Slide 21)

Leading: We continue the journey. And finally, on April 12, 1961. The Vostok spacecraft launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome. In the cockpit sat the world's first cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin. One hundred and eight minutes, about 2 hours, the flight lasted. (Slide 22)

Leading: Do you think astronaut is a male profession? (Student answers)

After Yuri Gagarin, 436 earthlings have been in space. Among them were two women - Valentina Tereshkova and Svetlana Savitskaya. And for the first time, the famous cosmonaut, Alexei Leonov, went into open space. Astronauts spend many months in space. In the rocket, everything is arranged so that they are as comfortable as possible. (Slide 23)

Leading: To continue the journey, we need to refresh ourselves. But in zero gravity it is very difficult to do this. How difficult, you can experience for yourself.

Exercise: an apple that is suspended must be eaten, but at the same time, do not touch it with your hands. Participants receive a star for a successful attempt, or lose it.

Leading: We are in outer space and approaching an unidentified planet. Let's make a short stop and meet the aliens. By their habits it is clear that they are friendly, but they do not understand your language. How do you try to communicate with them? Try to do it with facial expressions and gestures. Each team will require 2 members. (Slide 24-25)

Exercise: you need to use gestures to explain the phrase:

“What is your name?"

“Let's be friends with you!"

“What time is it on your planet?

“Will you fly with us to Earth?

“Do you have a sea?

“I need a doctor"

(Each participant chooses a phrase by drawing lots and portrays it in pantomime.)

Leading: The journey continues. Pilots were the first cosmonauts. Then designers and doctors continued their work in space. Now space is the testament of those who know how to manage electronic computers. Today, work in space is scientific research and daily work in the name of progress throughout the world. That is why international crews fly into space. The next station is Star City. (Slide 26)

Exercise: you need to choose the correct answer to the question from the three proposed and raise the card with the correct answer. Having answered all the questions correctly, we will get to the Land of Cosmonautics.

1. The founder of modern astronautics? (Slide 27)

- K.E. Tsiolkovsky

- A.N. Tupolev

- S.P. Korolev

2. The world's first astronaut? (Slide28)

G.S. Titov

- Yu.A.Gagarin

V.Nikolaeva-Tereshkova

3. In what year was the first artificial satellite launched? (Slide 29)

1961

- 1957

1960

4. The first spacecraft? (Slide 30)

- "Sunrise"

- "East"

- "Union"

5. The first man to land on the moon? (Slide 31)

Edwin Eugene Aldrin

Michael Collins

- Neil Armstrong

6. What was the name of the first dog in space? (Slide 32)

Squirrel

Arrow

-Laika

7. When Yu.A. Gagarin flew into space?(Slide 33)

4.10.1957

- 12.04.1961

11-15.08.1962

8. How long did Yu.A. Gagarin's space flight last? (Slide 34)

1 day

-108 minutes

12 hours

9. The world's first female astronaut? (Slide 35)

- V.V. Tereshkova

S.E.Savitskaya

O.I. Orlova

10. How many monuments to Yu.A. Gagarin on Saratov land? (Slide 36)

-3

11. What is the name of the Russian orbital station? (Slide 37)

-"Peace"

- "Apalon"

- "Baikonur"

12. Who was the first to go into outer space? (Slide 38)

-A.Leonov

G. Titov

S.Korolev

Leading: We flew to the Land of Cosmonautics. You have learned a lot of new and interesting things about the history of space exploration.

Well done boys. Here our journey has come to an end. The path was not easy, but you all made it. And which of the teams knows the most about space, we will find out when counting the stars. (Counting the stars and awarding the winners.) Good luck and good luck to you! (Slide 39)

Used literature and Internet resources:

1. Yuri Gagarin on Saratov land; Authors: Yu.Zverev, G.Oksyuta; Volga book publishing house; Saratov 1972.

2. Gagarin's lesson;

3. Magazine "Ogonyok" No. 15, 1968.

Armstrong

Buran

http://moygagarin.narod.ru/bio.html

http://space.kursknet.ru/cosmos/russian/people

Sections: Extracurricular work

Form: oral journal.

Goals:

• To acquaint students with the biographies of the pioneers of the space age, which are an example of diligence, perseverance in achieving the goal.
• Expand students' understanding of the first steps in space.
• Involve students in the study of relevant literature to broaden their horizons.

1. Consider the main stages in the development of astronautics.

2. To draw attention to the history of space victories, not only older, but also younger students, the education of patriotism.

3. Consolidate the acquired knowledge on the questions of the quiz.

The facilitators open the magazine, then announce each next page of the magazine.

Design of each page: performance of students, presentation of the presentation "History of space victories". (Annex 1).

Equipment: portraits of the first cosmonauts; photographs of the detachment of the first cosmonauts; multimedia projector.

How did people imagine the Earth and heaven in ancient times.

Presenter: The ancient Greeks thought that the Earth was flat and looked like a huge dish. Mountains and plains, rivers and lakes are located on this dish. From above, an unusual dish covers the vault of heaven. Some peoples believed that the Earth lies on three mighty giant elephants. Our Slavic ancestors believed that the heavens and the Earth are like an egg laid by a huge "space bird". On what just did not go to heaven the heroes of fairy tales and ancient legends! And on golden chariots, and on fast arrows, even on bats! (Slide 2) Aladdin flew on a magic carpet-plane, Baba Yaga rushed over the earth on a mortar, Ivanushka was carried on the wings of swan geese. Centuries passed and people managed to conquer the airspace of the Earth. But humanity dreamed of flying not only in the air, but also in outer space, about which the great Russian scientist and poet Mikhail Lomonosov said this:

The abyss has opened
Full of stars
The stars have no number
Abyss - the bottom!

Nikolay Ivanovich Kibalchich

Host: Russia has made a significant contribution to the development space technologies that allowed man to begin the conquest of the universe. Since the middle of the 19th century, theoretical studies on the design and use of combat missiles began in the country. In this regard, mention should be made of the Russian inventor and revolutionary Nikolai Ivanovich Kibalchich. ( slide 3) 80 years before the first manned flight into space, he developed a rocket project aircraft. The work was carried out under very tragic circumstances. The fact is that Kibalchich was sentenced to death for participating in the attempt on the life of Tsar Alexander II. In prison, while awaiting execution, he laid out in five pages the idea of ​​a jet-powered spacecraft that would help humanity go into space (March 23, 1881). According to his plan, the engine of the aircraft was supposed to be powered by gunpowder, compressed into "cylindrical checkers". The inventor did not have the ability to carry out complex mathematical calculations. He concentrated his main attention on the presentation of the essence of his idea. The main difference between the Kibalchich project and others was that his “aeronautical device” could move even in a vacuum. Of course, there were shortcomings and errors in the proposed project. But that's not the point. The main thing is that at that time there was no theory of rocket propulsion. But the project of the 27-year-old Kibalchich was! The only thing he asked the court to submit his work for examination by scientists. However, this request was not granted. For 37 years, no one knew about the project he created. Only in 1918, when dismantling the secret archive of the tsarist secret police in the case of the executed Narodnaya Volya N.I. Kibalchich, the “Project of an aeronautical instrument” was found. And he entered the history of human penetration into space forever. He entered as a technical insight, as a great victory for the human spirit.

Tsiolkovsky Konstantin Eduardovich

Presenter: An outstanding Russian scientist Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky made an invaluable contribution to the development of rocket and space technology. ( slide4) His interests included many scientific problems, but the main ones are the exploration of world space and interplanetary travel. The plans of the self-taught scientist had a truly cosmic scope. Funds for equipment and experiments came from the family budget. The goal of Tsiolkovsky's whole life, by his own admission, was to do "something useful for people and move humanity forward at least a little."

He devoted his whole life to the dream of overcoming gravity, of the complete absence of gravity. . Tsiolkovsky K.E. said: "Humanity will not remain on Earth, it will win for itself near the solar space." "But a man will fly, relying not on the strength of his muscles, but on the strength of his mind," the scientist added. Tsiolkovsky proved that it is possible to master outer space only with the help of a rocket! He developed the theory of rockets, suggested using liquid fuel for rockets, thought out the structure of a rocket, and derived the basic formula for rocket motion. In addition, he predicted that in outer space there will always be a real space home, where astronauts will live for a long time, doing research!

Friedrich Arturovich Zander

Presenter: At the beginning of the 20th century, the research of another inventor, Yuri Vasilyevich Kondratyuk, took place. In the book "The Conquest of Interplanetary Spaces" he first put forward the idea of ​​​​creating a multi-stage rocket that runs on oxygen-hydrogen fuel. Flights beyond the atmosphere could not be carried out without jet engines. And in 1921, with the assistance of Nikolai Ivanovich Tikhomirov, the designer of the first domestic combat missiles, a special laboratory for the development of rocket engines was formed. Soon, a new engineer, Valentin Petrovich Glushko, appeared in it, who led the experiments with rocket engines that ran on liquid fuel.

Moderator: The next stage in the development of the theory and practice of rocket science is associated with the name of Friedrich Arturovich Zander. (Slide 5). He began working in the field of interplanetary communications as early as 1906. Researched, studied and tested everything that could be useful in space flight. He even grew cabbage in crushed charcoal: after all, the flight can last for many years, so you should take care of the astronauts' diet. Why in a corner? Coal is much lighter than earthen soil, so the entire greenhouse weighs less than one garden bed. In flight, where every gram counts, this is very important. Today, the method of growing on board plants is known as “aeroponics”. In May 1910, he came up with an original idea about the possibility of connecting the Earth and the Moon with a cable. He immediately made mathematical calculations, which showed the impossibility of the practical implementation of the idea. However, the term "space elevator" has already acquired the right to life. Nowadays, in the scientific literature, there are a fairly large number of proposals for all kinds of space tugs, cables, etc. “The time will come,” said Friedrich Arturovich, “and the mighty jet ships at cosmic speed will go to other worlds of the Universe.” He sought to convey this belief in the victory of human genius in his lectures and reports. “Engineer F.A. Zander will make a report about a new ship he has invented, which solves the problem of flying into world space. In the 20s of the last century, such announcements could be read in many cities of the country.

In July 1922, F.A. Zander even took an annual leave from work, during which he developed a project for an airplane ship. In 1931, the Group for the Study of Jet Propulsion (abbreviated as GIRD) began to work in Moscow. An active promoter of the flight to Mars, he became one of its organizers. The future creators of rockets also worked here - engineers Sergei Pavlovich Korolev, Mikhail Klavdievich Tikhonravov, aerodynamicist Vladimir Petrovich Vetchinkin. The group worked in conditions of a constant shortage of materials and tools, there were not enough measuring instruments, and wages were paid meager. As a joke, GIRD began to be deciphered as “a group of engineers working for nothing.” Zander worked hard. Sometimes he did not leave his workplace for days, periodically refreshing himself with crackers, a bag with which hung on a nail next to his desk. Korolev even issued a playful order obliging the last employee to leave the building to take Friedrich Arturovich, who was fanatically devoted to his work, with him. This close-knit group found engineering solutions that had no analogues in world practice. Among the jet engines and rockets they created was the famous liquid-fueled rocket called the GIRD-X. On November 25, 1933, this two-meter rocket took off into the air and, picking up speed, disappeared into the clouds. Only 22 seconds its engine worked, but this flight proved that a man will pave the way to the stars.

Korolev Sergey Pavlovich

Presenter: All the ideas of Tsiolkovsky were brought to life by Sergei Pavlovich Korolev. ( slide 6). Academician S.P. Korolev has never been in space. But he was well aware of the unusual conditions of outer space. For decades, he pondered his ideas from those unforgettable moments when he discovered the works of Tsiolkovsky, when for the first time a young man raised a glider of his own design into the sky, when he launched the first rocket in his life. Friends of his youth, the designers of the first rockets and aircraft, who later became well-known scientists, worked alongside Korolev. Hundreds of young designers, engineers, “hotheads” technicians worked together with them, ready to discuss any idea for days, weeks, months, as long as it takes for a new one to be born in an empty place. After all, there were no examples then, no samples in the entire world of technology! The famous wheel was even easier to invent than this one ... how can one call it ... a starship, a rocket ship ... “A ship - let's call it that,” Sergei Pavlovich once said to his comrades. Spaceship". And he explained: the spaceship will go into outer space, just like a sea ship goes into the expanses of the ocean. Here only everything is much more complicated than in the ocean. The main thing is that human life should be safe. Therefore, not the slightest mistake should happen.

In the spring of 1955, in the desert area near the Tyura-Tam junction (Kazakhstan), under the veil of the strictest secrecy, the construction of the future Baikonur Cosmodrome began. It was necessary to raise about a million cubic meters of soil and lay over 30,000 cubic meters of concrete, to build the top-priority facilities of the first space harbor. The work was carried out around the clock. And by the beginning of December, military builders handed over the launch facility for the installation of launch equipment.

Before SP. The task was set by Korolev and his associates: to create a rocket that would rise into space. Scientists decided that not the entire ship should be put into orbit, but only its head part, which will fly in space. In early 1957, the rocket, designated R-7, was ready for testing. On May 15, this 273-ton colossus was supposed to go into the sky from the launch pad of the test site. Everyone hoped for success. However, almost immediately after passing the command to start the propulsion system, a fire broke out in the tail section of one of the side blocks. The rocket exploded.

The first artificial Earth satellite (AES)

Host: But time passed quickly. Space rockets were tested not only here, but also in the United States of America. Everyone was in a hurry. Both countries wanted to be first. The so-called space race began. Finally, on August 21, 1957, a Soviet rocket successfully launched into space. October 4, 1957 an event occurred that shocked the whole world - the first artificial Earth satellite (AES) was launched at 22 hours 28 minutes 34 seconds Moscow time from the Baikonur cosmodrome (Slide7). It was the first man-made body that did not fall to the Earth, but began to rotate around it. Its weight was 83.6 kg, the body had the shape of a ball with a diameter of 0.58 meters. The equipment and power supplies were located in a sealed enclosure.

The launch had a stunning effect on the Americans. After all, back in 1948 they loudly declared that they would be the first to create a satellite. And then they will start creating a rocket that will fly into space with a person on board. We were ahead. People came out of their houses in the evenings, trying to see a small star in the sky, listening to the air. In order to hear the “voice” of the space first-born, our designers proposed to install the Anthem on the satellite as an audio signal. Soviet Union, but S.P. Korolev abandoned this idea, and the world heard the usual signals: “Beep-beep-beep...” The satellite existed in orbit for 92 days, made 1440 revolutions around the Earth and traveled about 60 million km in the process. During his work, various information was collected on the upper layers of the atmosphere and on the propagation of radio signals in the ionosphere. When, on January 4, 1958, it burned down at an altitude of about 500 km and someone made a wish, mistaking it for a shooting star, our second apparatus was already flying in orbit. And only a month later - in February 1958 - the United States launched its first satellite. In mid-1958, the Nobel Committee decided to award the creators of the world's first artificial Earth satellite with a prize. To a query from Stockholm: who is the author and chief designer of the spacecraft? The head of the USSR, Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev, replied that "the creator of new technology is the entire Soviet people." The world in those years did not know the names of its secret heroes ...

biological satellite

Host: On November 3, 1957, the world's first biological satellite was launched from the cosmodrome, in the pressurized cabin of which there was an ordinary mongrel Laika. (Slide 8) The dog got its nickname because it had a habit of barking especially often - demandingly and loudly. The flight showed that a living creature can live and work for a long time under weightless conditions. Prior to Laika, 42 dogs on rockets made a total of 29 flights into the upper atmosphere. After it, 10 more on six spaceships. In total, 53 four-legged friends of man experienced the effects of space, 20 of them, unfortunately, paid for it with their lives.

Host: The new year 1959 brought yet another victory in space exploration. On January 2, at 19 hours 41 minutes 21 seconds Moscow time, the Luna-1 spacecraft was launched. For the first time in the world, the Vostok launch vehicle, created in the design bureau of S.P. Queen, managed to overcome the force of gravity and carry the earth's body into space. "Luna-1" was supposed to become an artificial satellite of the Moon, but, having passed 6000 km from our natural satellite, it became the first artificial planet - an artificial satellite of the Sun - called "Dream".

In January 1960, flight tests of the R-7 (Vostok) missile were completed, and it entered service with the Strategic Missile Forces. Preparations for manned space flight began. The rocket, 38.76 long, had a launch weight of 287 tons and could “take out” almost 5 tons of payload into low Earth orbit.

Presenter: On August 19, 1960, the simple mongrels Belka and Strelka are the “masters” of the third “Vostok” ( Slide 9) - along with other crew members (two white rats, 40 mice and many fruit flies) became famous throughout the world.

The real nicknames of these dogs are Albina and Marquise. But at that time they seemed to someone bourgeois, not suitable for Soviet cosmonaut dogs, so they changed their nicknames to the well-known Belka and Strelka. During the flight, the dogs were wearing spacesuits - red and green. Sensors of the most sophisticated biomedical equipment tracked all changes in animal organisms. Having made 18 revolutions around the Earth, they not only endured huge cosmic overloads, but also returned safely to Earth and even brought healthy offspring. One of Strelka's puppies - Pushinka - was presented to the wife of US President Jacqueline Kennedy.

Gagarin Yury Alekseevich

Host: In our country, the decision to select people and prepare them for space flight was made on January 5, 1959. The main and controversial question here was one question: what profession should they have? Doctors argued that it was necessary to recruit candidates for the flight only from doctors, since they knew how to sacrifice themselves to save others. Space engineers believed that a person from their environment should fly into space, since he knows the ship well, made it, and therefore must test its work in space flight conditions. Even divers made claims, either jokingly or seriously alluding to the similarity of the work of an astronaut in a space suit with their work in water with weight loss. Or maybe because the Greek word “cosmonaut” is literally translated into Russian as “navigator in the Universe”. In the USA, England, France and other countries they are called astronauts, which means about the same thing - stargazers (“astro” - “star”). As a result, the choice fell on fighter pilots. Indeed, of all the professions on Earth, they are closer to space: they fly at high altitudes in special suits, endure overloads, they know how to parachute, keep in touch with command posts and among themselves, they are resourceful, disciplined, they know jet planes well, and in general they are military men. people.

Host: In the summer of 1959, a medical commission specially created from military doctors began to select candidates for astronauts in aviation units. What were the requirements for them? Firstly, excellent health with a double-triple margin of safety. Secondly, a sincere desire to do something new and dangerous. Thirdly, the ability to creative, research work. And, fourthly, they had to meet certain parameters: age - 25-30 years old, height -170-175 cm, weight - 70-72 kg, and no more!

The selection of candidates for space flight was approached very strictly. Of the three thousand fighter pilots, specialists selected only 20 people. Weeded mercilessly. Even for the slightest discrepancy in the body, which the pilot himself did not know about. For comparison: a year earlier, out of 508 test pilots, the Americans selected only 7 people for the astronaut corps.

In March 1960, future cosmonauts began their studies. Initially, they took place in Moscow at the former Central Airfield. M.V. Frunze, and then they were given a wonderful place in the suburbs, built a town and called it Star.

With the astronauts, they were daily engaged in preparation and hardening, conducted training flights on airplanes, monitored the state of the body, tested it in pressure chambers, thermal chambers and deaf chambers, rotated it in a centrifuge, and carried out short-term (30-40 seconds) flights in weightlessness. Doctors believed that in unusual conditions, the astronauts may have psychological or physiological breakdowns. In addition, much attention was paid to theoretical classes in astronomy, celestial mechanics, rocket technology, the design and construction of the Vostok spacecraft and its various systems.

On August 30, 1960, the Soviet government approved the Regulations on the USSR Cosmonauts, legalizing the new profession. The very first cosmonaut was a certain Ivan Ivanovich. In March 1961, he flew twice alternately with the dogs Chernushka and Zvezdochka on the 6th and 7th Vostok ships in a row. And they called Ivan Ivanovich a mannequin in orange overalls, sent by scientists into space. After returning from orbit, he looked quite “healthy”, which greatly contributed to the decision to send a living person into space.

Before the flight of the first man from the planet Earth into outer space, 18 days remained. In the created detachment of cosmonauts, Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin was one of the best. ( Slide 10)

Students' report on Gagarin's autobiography. (Annex 2)

Host: A person with such a simple biography had to open the way to space. The state commission appointed Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin as the pilot-cosmonaut of the satellite (as he was officially called in those years). On April 12, 1961, at 9:18 Moscow time, for the first time in the world, an artificial satellite of the Earth was launched into orbit - the ship "Vostok" with a man on board. ( slide 11-12) The highest flight altitude is 327 km. He passed through the earth's orbit for only 108 minutes.

For the whole 108 minutes, a man admired the Earth from space for the first time!

Gagarin passed into the microphone: “What a beautiful earthly horizon!” Yuri Alekseevich saw not only how beautiful the Earth was, but also how small and fragile it was. ( slide 13)

“People, take care of the Earth!” - he repeated many times later, after the flight into space.

The ship made one orbit around the Earth and landed on a field near the village of Smelovka in the Ternovsky (now Engelsky) district of the Saratov region. At an altitude of several kilometers, Gagarin ejected and landed with a parachute not far from the descent vehicle.

Yuri Gagarin brought glory to our Motherland. We can be proud of him. Cities, streets, squares and even flowers were named after the first cosmonaut of the Earth! There was not a single newspaper in the world, not a single magazine that would not have published a portrait of the first cosmonaut of the planet. Everyone remembers his charming face, open smile, clear look. This day entered the history of mankind as the beginning new era era of human spaceflight. How the whole world rejoiced! “Citizen of the Universe” - that was the name of Gagarin on all continents of the Earth. Every year on April 12, our country celebrates wonderful holiday - Cosmonautics Day.

In a spacesuit, according to the worker, as he was.
The Volga is in sight, familiar to him,
On the plowed ground he stepped
And he walked, trampling the clods.
I looked at the copses, arable land.
Land! And her appearance has not changed.
Today he took off from her into space,
Today, he returned to it.
All the same low clouds run,
All the same, the pines guard the sky.
All the same day
Hours are the same measure ...
It's only been a hundred
One hundred and a few minutes.
And on Earth it's a different era,
Which is called space!

space pioneers

Host: After Gagarin's flight, the conquest of space went at a different pace. Just four years later, it became clear that a person can work in outer space. On August 6-7, 1961, on the Vostok-2 spacecraft, German Titov. He made 17 orbits around the Earth. It was the world's first multi-orbit flight.

From June 14 to 19 and from June 16 to 19, 1963, two ships were again in space: Vostok-5, piloted by Valery Bykovsky, and Vostok-6, on which the world's first female cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova flew. (Slide 14) This joint flight lasted 70 hours. Tereshkova made 48 orbits around the Earth, being in orbit for three days, and returned safely to Earth. ( slide 15).A crater on the far side of the Moon, a minor planet and a star are named after Valentina Tereshkova.

Host: From October 12 to 13, 1964, the first multi-seat Voskhod spacecraft went into low Earth orbit. There were three people on board: commander Vladimir Komarov, doctor Boris Yegorov and scientist Konstantin Feoktistov. . (Slide 16). For the first time in space, people of various specialties worked, who carried out observations and study of outer space.

Moderator: The development of cosmonautics largely depends on the possibility of active human activity in open space. The first step in this direction was taken in the flight of the Voskhod-2 spacecraft by cosmonauts Pavel Ivanovich Belyaev and Alexei Arkhipovich Leonov. (Slide 17). The ship "Voskhod-2", launched into low Earth orbit on March 18, 1965, was equipped with an airlock and equipment for man's exit into outer space. In flight, at an altitude of about 500 km, cosmonaut A. Leonov in a special spacesuit with an autonomous life support system for the first time in the history of astronautics went into open space . (Slide 18). Outside the lock chamber, he was for 12 minutes, moving away from the ship at a distance of up to 5 meters. The cosmonaut completed the planned work, carried out technical observations. The flight of the ship lasted 26 hours. Its landing was carried out using a manual control system. The conducted experiment confirmed the possibility of a person being in outer space and fully maintaining his working capacity in special equipment.

Host: America was shocked by the success of the USSR in space exploration. A month and a half after Gagarin's launch on May 25, 1961, American President John F. Kennedy called on the US Congress and the American people to make a commitment: before 1970, to make a manned flight to the moon with a manned landing on its surface. ( slide19).The Americans decided to carry out a grandiose lunar program called "Apollo". On July 20, 1969, at 23:17:42 Moscow time, three American astronauts “landed” on the Sea of ​​Tranquility. After 6.5 hours, first Neil Armstrong, and 15 minutes later Edwin Aldrin left the cabin of the ship and went on a “moon walk”. They stayed on the surface of the moon for more than two hours. They planted the American flag, scientific instruments, had a two-minute communication session with US President Nixon, collected about 25 kg of soil. On the landing stage of the lunar module that remained on the surface of the Moon, a plate was reinforced with the Map of the Earth's hemispheres engraved on it and the words: “Here, people from planet Earth first set foot on the Moon. July 1969 new era. We come in peace on behalf of all Humanity.” After a seven-hour rest, the astronauts turned on the take-off stage engine and took off from the Moon. The long-awaited flight, which lasted 8 days 3 hours 18 minutes, was successfully completed. During subsequent landings on the moon, the astronauts traveled on it in an electric vehicle.

How many people have left their footprints in the dust of the lunar valleys? Ask this question to your friends, and you will hear the answer: two ... four ... And there were 12 of them! And 24 people flew around the moon! In total, American astronauts spent 300 hours on the Moon, including 81 hours outside the cabin, directly on its surface.

Unlike the Americans, our scientists decided to explore the moon with the help of automation. The Soviet automatic station "Luna-16" landed on the Moon in the Sea of ​​Plenty, took a sample of lunar soil on command and returned to Earth (September 1970). Later, a similar station "Luna-20" delivered a sample to Earth from the mountainous region of the Moon, where the astronauts could not get (February 1972). For almost a year (from November 17, 1970 to September 30, 1971), the world's first extraterrestrial vehicle, Lunokhod-1, worked on the Moon in the Sea of ​​Rains. ”.(Slide20) He surveyed 80,000 sq. m of the lunar surface, studied the properties of the soil at hundreds of points, and made a chemical analysis of its composition at 25 points. The television installations of Lunokhod, controlled from the Earth, transmitted over 200 panoramas and 20,000 photographs of the surface of our satellite. A laser reflector mounted on top of Lunokhod-1 made it possible to accurately determine the distance to it. In 1973, in the Sea of ​​​​Clarity, at the bottom of the Lemonnier crater with a diameter of 55 km, Lunokhod-2 was landed ( Slide 21). He traveled 37 km - almost four times more than Lunokhod-1, studying the relief and properties of the soil.

Docking in space

Host: In 1975, two world powers - the Soviet Union and the United States of America - adopted the ASTP program - the Apollo - Soyuz experimental flight. On July 17, 1675, the two ships docked. astronauts A. Leonov, V. Kubasov and astronauts T. Stafford, D. Slayton, W. Braundt shook hands in orbit. (Slide 22)

Space stations "Mir" and the ISS

Moderator: The next step in space exploration was the emergence of orbital stations - large research complexes. Soviet orbital station "Mir", (Slide 23) launched into orbit on February 20, 1986, worked for 15 years. During this time, 104 cosmonauts have been aboard Mir, and 109 spacecraft have docked with the station. In 1998, Russia and the United States began building the ISS - the International Space Station. This is a huge orbital complex, a laboratory for the joint work of Russian and American space explorers. Cosmonauts and astronauts conduct research, experiment.

women in space

Host: Space turned out to be a place not only for harsh men. (Slide 24).

Svetlana Evgenievna Savitskaya became the second woman to go into space only 19 years after Valentina Tereshkova. From August 19 to 27, 1982, as a research cosmonaut, she flew on the Soyuz T-5, Soyuz T-7 spacecraft and the Salyut-7 orbital station. Two years later, on July 25, 1984, Svetlana Evgenievna became the first woman in the world to go into outer space, and the first to weld and cut metal there. Outside the Salyut-7 station, she worked for 3 hours and 35 minutes. Before becoming an astronaut, Svetlana set three world records in parachuting in group jumps from the stratosphere and 18 aviation records in jet aircraft. Two minor planets (asteroids) are named after her: No. 4118 (Sveta) and No. 4303 (Savitskaya).

Narrator: The third Russian female cosmonaut and the first woman to make a long flight into space was Elena Vladimirovna Kondakova. Her first flight into space took place on October 4, 1994 as part of the Soyuz TM-20 expedition, returning to Earth on March 22, 1995 after a 5-month flight on the Mir orbital station. For the second time, Kondakova flew as a specialist on the American ship Atlantis (shuttle) v as part of the AtlantisSTS-84 expedition in May 1997. In total, 55 female cosmonauts and astronauts participated in space flights (as of June 16, 2010) (USA - 45, USSR and Russia - 3, Canada - 2, Japan - 2, Great Britain - 1, France - 1, Republic of Korea - 1).

space tourism

Host: Now space flights have become commonplace. Reports in newspapers and on television no longer surprise anyone. Today is characterized by new projects and plans for the exploration of outer space. Space tourism began to develop actively, which, as a phenomenon, belongs to XXI century. (Slide 25).

The term “space tourist” now means a person who intends to fly into space of his own free will, without imposing any tasks on him and, most importantly, for his own money. Arriving at the station, the tourist can do business according to his personal program: write a book, compose music, conduct communication sessions with the earth. You can use some of the equipment, but not to the detriment of the planned work of the astronauts.

The transportation of space tourists is provided by Russian Soyuz spacecraft, which deliver them to the ISS (International Space Station).

Now the cost of such a trip is 20-25 million dollars.

However, there are many who want to. Representatives of Rosaviakosmos can now guarantee no more than 1-2 places per year.

Moderator: There are other projects for less wealthy tourists. For example, a project based on the Russian interceptor MIG 31. For 10 thousand dollars, those who wish will be delivered to a height of 30 km, where the sky is completely black and from where you can look at the earth almost from the side. At the same time, a state of weightlessness is provided for a minute.

The first space tourist was an American businessman of Italian origin Dennis Tito. ( slide 26).He visited the International Space Station ten years ago - on April 28, 2001. During this time, about a dozen people have visited the ISS. And the American billionaire of Hungarian origin Charles Simonyi has already flown into space twice.

The space agencies of the USA, Europe and Russia are planning to engage in space tourism proper, to organize suborbital flights (at an altitude of 100-110 kilometers) on rocket planes. These will be ordinary tours - with guides and tourists. Everyone can make a two-hour flight in near-Earth orbit for 200 thousand dollars. Already, about 300 people have booked such tickets.

Types of HIS and their role

Moderator: Today, manned astronautics has again turned to the Moon. Particular interest in it was shown after it turned out that there is water at the poles. Therefore, many countries have returned to the idea of ​​creating manned stations on the moon. At the beginning of the third millennium, almost all the planets of our solar system were explored by spacecraft from different countries.

What is the purpose of launching numerous satellites?

Are they useful to humans? You provide food, and a lot of it. According to their purpose, modern artificial satellites are divided into telecommunication, meteorological, navigation geophysical, astronomical, defense, research, etc. satellites ( Slide 27)

Telecommunication satellites ensure the operation of satellite phones and other long-distance radio communications, the broadcast of television channels to any region of the planet, and the transmission of Internet data to any point on the Earth. V currently there are many such satellites. So much so that it becomes a problem for mankind.

Meteorological satellites are designed to predict weather conditions on Earth. C constantly transmit data to ground stations in the form of images of the Earth's cloud, snow and ice cover, information about the temperature components of the Earth's surface and various layers of the atmosphere, information about atmospheric pressure, chemical composition air, etc.

Navigation satellites are designed to quickly and accurately determine the location of an object (GPS system) on the planet. Thanks to the signals emitted by several dozen satellites containing data on their position and exact time, you can calculate your position on Earth with an accuracy of several meters.

Geophysical satellites are designed to study the Earth's surface. They take pictures of the Earth, and geologists determine from the photographs where rich deposits of oil, gas, and other minerals are located on our planet. With their help, they assess the radiation hazard, study cosmic radiation, study the atmosphere, the effect of solar activity on it, predict natural disasters, and much more.

Astronomical satellites are designed to explore outer space. Because they fly above the upper atmosphere, the light emitted by distant stars is not distorted. These functions are currently performed by the Hubble Space Telescope. It was with his help that scientists discovered the asteroid Apophis, whose orbit intersects with the orbit of the Earth, and are now working on a plan to prevent its collision with the Earth. The damage that can occur as a result of such an impact is several times greater than that caused by the fall of the Tunguska meteorite.

Purpose defense satellites is clear from the title. Since the beginning of the 70s of the last century, cameras have been installed on them that are capable of taking photographs of very good quality. Also used are infrared sensors that respond to gases generated during the launch of even small rockets. Highly sensitive radios listen to wide ranges of radio frequencies.

Research satellites are used to conduct all kinds of scientific research: biological, medical or engineering.

Spaceships and space stations, on which astronauts from around the world conduct various experiments, also belong to satellites.

What awaits humanity in the 21st century? It is difficult to answer this question. Forecasts are capricious. And predicting the cosmic future is considered a hopeless business. Maybe soon we will establish contact with extraterrestrial civilizations. We will fly to visit them and “be friends with the planets”. Perhaps soon space flight will become as affordable as a train ride or a bike ride. And we will all fly there on excursions. May the time soon come when anyone can go on a journey to distant planets! 2011 was declared the year of cosmonautics. ( Slide 28).

Teacher: To consolidate your knowledge, we will hold a quiz.

16. Quiz

1. On the national flag of which country is the Sun depicted?

a) Japan
b) France
c) Great Britain
d) Romania

2. What celestial body always faces the Earth on one side?

a) Mercury
b) Moon
c) Mars
d) the sun

3. Which planet is named after the God of War?

a) Jupiter
b) Uranus
c) Saturn
d) Mars

4. What celestial body eclipses the Sun when a solar eclipse occurs?

a) the moon
b) comet
c) Earth
d) an asteroid

5. On what celestial body are the seas of Clarity, Tranquility and the Ocean of Storms?

a) Mars
b) Venus
c) Saturn
d) the moon

6. What are the names of the first dogs that flew into space?

a) Bee and Fly
b) Dezik and Gypsy
c) Belka and Strelka
d) Laika and Bee

7. What is the name of the astronaut who first went into outer space?

a) Gagarin
b) Leonov
c) Tsiolkovsky
d) Korolev

8. What is the name of the ship on which Yuri Gagarin made the first flight into space?

a) Vostok-1
b) Soyuz-1
c) Apollo 1
d) Mercury-1

9. Which planet is called the morning or evening star?

a) Mercury
b) Venus
c) Mars
d) Saturn

10. What time period is determined by the rotation of the earth around its axis?

a) year
b) day
c) a week
d) month

Outcome of the event

Teacher: Today we opened a few pages from the history of astronautics. We hope that you will continue to be interested in space, follow space achievements, observe celestial bodies and dream of flying into space.

Explanatory note

According to this scenario, I twice held an extracurricular event dedicated to Cosmonautics Day: April 12, 2001 (on the 40th anniversary of the flight of Yu.A. Gagarin) and April 12, 2006, that is, exactly five years later, making, of course, the appropriate adjustments into the script. For the first time, 6th grade students (three teams) took part in KVN, and the second time this event was held for 8th grade students from four district schools (2 urban and 2 rural).

A month before the performance, each team received a list of questions that needed to be answered independently for a successful performance in KVN, a list of team members and a homework topic<Приложение 1 >.

It should be noted that it was more difficult to prepare the team for the second time, despite the fact that the age of the guys was older. This is due, in my opinion, to the fact that knowledge of astronomy is practically withdrawn from the school course. In 2001, the guys relied on the knowledge gained in the natural history course for the 5th grade, where the questions of the origin, development and structure of the solar system were quite fully and well stated, ideas were given about the geocentric and heliocentric systems of the world, and the scientific merits of K. Ptolemy, N. Copernicus, D. Bruno, G. Galileo and. other scientists. At present, these topics are absent in the natural history course both in the 4th and 5th grades, they are replaced by questions from the biology course. Thus, if the teaching of physics in the 7th grade is carried out according to the standard textbook by A.V. Peryshkin, and not according to the textbook edited by Pinsky A.A. "Physics and astronomy", then students of the 8th grade have practically no knowledge in the course of astronomy. So it turns out that holding such an event on Cosmonautics Day is not only a tribute to a wonderful holiday that all mankind is proud of, but also the opportunity to expand children's knowledge of the universe .

The leading KVN were high school students, the jury included teachers and students.

Portraits of Yu.A. Gagarin, other cosmonauts, S.P. Koroleva, statements of scientists. There were also models of rockets made of white cardboard, broken into pieces with a felt-tip pen according to the number of competitions.<Приложение 2 >. In the course of the performance of the teams, assistants from among the senior students attached colored parts to these mock-ups (each team created a rocket mock-up of a certain color) completely or truncated (in accordance with the points received for this competition). Fans could see from these models which team was ahead.

I would like to note that both the first and the second time the holiday was a success. Of course, those who were directly involved in it, that is, the members of the teams, liked it the most.

In 2006, the holiday was more massive, and it began with a slide show against the backdrop of songs performed by Yu. Gulyaev about Yu.A. Gagarin from the cycle "Gagarin's Constellation" by A. Pakhmutova and Y. Dobronravov. The slides were created in Power Point and projected onto a large screen using a multimedia projector.

KVN begins with a speech by a physics teacher who reads a poem by Boris Dvorny "Dream". This poem was published in one of the issues of the magazine "Technology - Youth".

Squeezing the window sill with your palms,
You stand with your head thrown back
And the call signs of thoughts fly
To distant stars - white doves.
Somewhere out there, in the endless darkness,
Beyond the stellar arctic,
In an inaccessible space and time
Other galaxies float by.
I'm sure in some constellation
There are planets like ours, green,
And your peers live there -
Astronauts, poets, scientists.
And on the same moonlit midnight,
Throwing back his head dreamily,
Sad young peer
On a planet in the constellation Pigeon.

Good afternoon friends! April is an unusual month, and today is a significant day. After all, it was on April 12 exactly 45 years ago that man first went beyond the limits of the earth's atmosphere.

For centuries, man has looked to the sky. He walked on land and was not afraid to swim far into the sea, but the sky was huge and incomprehensible to him. Man settled the gods in the sky. But the man wanted to go up there himself. And then there were legends about people who can fly, fantastic novels appeared, aircraft were designed, and remained on earth.

And then came the twentieth century. Airplanes were already flying in the sky, and the first rockets were launched into space. People believed that the day when a man will fly into space is not far off.

And finally, on April 12, 1961, like today, Wednesday, a normal working day. In the morning it was interrupted by a message: “All the radio stations of the Soviet Union are working! For the first time in the world! Man in space!

The day of April 12 became proof of the realization of any, the most daring, human dream. Since then, it has been annually celebrated by mankind as World Cosmonautics Day.

So, today is April 12, 2006, Wednesday, an ordinary working day, on which we decided to go on a great space journey. And now I give the floor to our presenters (calls the names and surnames of high school students, leading KVN).

1 presenter: We will fly on ships: "Dream 1", "Dream 2", "Dream 3" and "Dream 4". The road will be mastered by the walking one, and the stellar track will be mastered by true experts in astronautics, physics and astronomy.

We are sure that the crews of our space starships consist only of such guys. At the same time, do not forget that without a good joke, without a sense of humor, even in the very serious business, such as work in space, is indispensable. And now I want to introduce our star jury - the mission control center. The jury has a table in which they put down points for each competition. Watch<Приложение 3 >.

2 presenter: The jury has paper images of individual elements of the spacecraft. The team that will win in a particular competition receives full element, and the other two teams are cut in accordance with the points received. The team that "builds" for itself a model of a new spacecraft will become the winner of our space journey.

And now we ask the crews of the ships to go to the launch pad and tell a little about themselves before the flight. I ask the commanders to come up for the draw. (For an example of the output of a command, see<Приложение 4 >. After the presentation of the teams, the presenters begin the competitions).

1 presenter: “The first rule with us is to follow any order”

Working in space requires constant stress, both physical and mental. You need to be in good shape all the time.

This is helped by various simulators and sets of exercises.

Our first competition is a space warm-up.

Sports warm-up: one person from the team is invited to the warm-up. Everyone lines up in one line and, with their legs tied, make three jumps. Whose team will be ahead?

Intellectual warm-up: Teams in a circle exchange questions that they prepared at home for the opposing team. The team starts...

Practical warm-up: Teams need to choose the 5 most necessary items in your opinion in space travel and justify their choice. Do not forget that you and I are members of the club of the cheerful and resourceful, where good humor is valued above all else. So the time has come...

2 host: "To become an astronaut, you need to know a lot - a lot"

Now we will ask the teams questions, to which they must give short answers within 1.5 minutes. This competition tests the speed of reaction, knowledge of astronomy and astronautics. This competition is a kind of exam before the start. So we start. Questions for the team (names the team)

1. What does the word "astronomy" mean? (Science of stellar laws)
2. When was the first space satellite launched? (October 4, 1957)
3. When did American astronauts first set foot on the moon? (In July 1969)
4. How many stars are in the solar system? (one is the sun)
5. What science is astronomy closely related to? (with physics)
6. The main astronomical instrument for observations. (Telescope)
7. The proof of what is the change of day and night on the planet? (Rotation of the Earth around its axis)
8. In which direction does our earth rotate? (from west to east)
9. What does the word "zodiac" mean? (circle of animals)
10. Name the date of the spring equinox. (March 21)

1 host: Team questions...

1. What does the word "cosmonautics" mean? (Navigation)
2. What is the name of space transport? (Rocket)
3. Who is the founder of astronautics? (Tsiolkovsky)
4. What is the date of the first manned space flight? (April 12, 1961)
5. Name the birthplace of Copernicus. (Poland)
6. How many planets are in solar system? (9)
7. What force causes the planets to move around the sun? (Gravity forces)
8. Basic scientific method study of celestial bodies in astronomy? (Observations)
9. Name the date of the autumnal equinox. (23 September)
10. Are the polar and equatorial radii of the Earth the same? (No, the equatorial one is 21 km longer)

2 host: And now the questions for the third team.

1. What is a galaxy? (System of stars and clusters)
2. Name the main astronomical instrument. (Telescope)
3. Who created the geocentric system of the world? (Ptolemy)
4. The closest planet to the Sun... (Mercury)
5. Who was the first astronaut on Earth? (Yu. A. Gagarin)
6. Who was called the Chief Designer in our country? (S. P. Koroleva)
7. name the date summer solstice. (June, 22)
8. In what constellation is the North Star located? (Ursa Minor)
9. name natural satellite Earth. (Moon)
10. What is "zenith"? (highest point above head)

1 host: Questions for the fourth team:

1. What does the word "planet" mean? ("Wandering")
2. Which planet was only discovered in 1930? (Pluto)
3. What is the name of the world system created by Copernicus? (Heliocentric)
4. How many constellations are there in the sky? (88)
5. What planet was named after the god of war? (Mars)
6. How many zodiac constellations are there? (12)
7. Name the astronaut who first went into outer space. (Alexey Leonov)
8. What scientist, under pain of torture by the Inquisition, was forced to renounce his views? (Galileo Galilei)
9. What is the first and last name of the first woman in space? (Valentina Tereshkova)
10. Near which star does the Earth's axis of rotation pass? (Polar)

1 presenter: Well, well, the competitions showed that the crews are quite ready to fly. Key to start! Attention! Get ready! 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0!!! Start! (phonogram). The leader throws an airplane into the hall. Go!

We are entering the upper atmosphere. Attention crews!

What are you experiencing? (overload).

Yes, only the strong can take a starship into flight!

Attention! Competition! Two people from the team, the most trained. Standing up, with your back to each other, you must jointly perform squats. Who will do more? Well done!

2 host: We ask the doctors of the crews to get in touch. The commander must find a way out of a difficult, unforeseen situation, and the doctor can help him with this. Imagine that your flight lasts for the second day. Crew members complain of headaches and nausea. All the astronauts have swollen faces, swelling is observed. When you look in the mirror, you see the same thing in yourself. What would you advise the commander?

• interrupt the flight due to illness of the crew;
• to request the mission control center about the methods of treating astronauts;
• continue the flight, because you do not see anything special in this;
• continue the flight, as the authorities will be unhappy, because a lot of money was spent on the flight.

(After the answers of the doctors of the teams, the moderator continues).

The flight, indeed, must be continued, since astronauts have a rush of blood to the head, as a result of which similar phenomena are observed, the symptoms are a typical manifestation of weightlessness.

Our ships also enter the zero gravity zone (phonogram).

It is known that in space any body loses weight. During long flights, this leads to various changes in the state of the human body.

How to deal with weightlessness? Science is powerless in this matter. But our crews need to offer their recommendations. Attention, the contest “Weightlessness! How to deal with it? We ask the crews not to forget about the sense of humor. (Space music sounds).

1 presenter: While the teams are looking for a recipe to fight weightlessness, we are holding a competition for fans. You can earn points for your team if you solve the words in the crossword puzzle. (Solving a crossword puzzle on a space theme).

We give the floor to the teams. So, what advice can they offer us for dealing with weightlessness?

2 host: "Any space route is open to those who love work"

The crews got used to weightlessness, learned how to overcome it, what a job. Radio operators from the flight control center received radiograms. Please decipher them. (Example of a radiogram)

(Answer: Ahead of you is a planet where there is a thunderstorm, wind and no light.

Assignments (in envelopes) are also received by planetologists, navigators, astronomers, flight engineers, psychologists and doctors. Watch<Приложение 5 >.

Crew commanders please get in touch. Let's start the competition of captains.

You receive tablets with the names of scientists. We read out a quote, and you must raise a sign with the name of the person to whom these words belong. So pay attention, let's get started.

one). “Earth is only one of the planets, and all the planets revolve around

Sun" Answer: Nicolaus Copernicus

2). "The universe is infinite. The huge flaming Sun is just one of the stars."

Answer: Giordano Bruno

3). “The sun rotates on its axis. Rotation around an axis is characteristic of all celestial bodies." Answer: Galileo Galilei

And now the captains will listen to the poem "Zodiac". (The teacher reads the poem).

Looking at the belt of the Zodiac,
We will see Cancer in January,
And in February we will notice Leo.
His keeper was
In cold March, the evil Virgin,
Very similar to Eve.
I bought myself a scale in April,
They wanted to live in peace
But in May the terrible Scorpio
They were deprived of rest and sleep.
He was killed by the beautiful Sagittarius,
June's father's unfortunate son,
In July, brother Capricorn
The dream of the Lion and the virgin saved,
And in August for many days
Uncle Aquarius has arrived.
From Pisces ear it is in September
Cooked and ate in the yard,
Roasted Aries in October
Taurus slaughtered in November,
And in December, Eventually,
Gemini couple born
Valishin Yu.I.

In 1 minute, you must write out the names of all the constellations mentioned in this poem.

Give the sheets to the jury, and tell us only the number of constellations that you wrote down.

Lead 1: Navigators are called for communication. It is simply impossible to control a spacecraft and not know the location of the planets in the sky. The navigators had to arrange the correct celestial bodies on star map. They will now hand over their cards to the jury, and they themselves will name the planets in a circle in order of their distance from the Sun.

2 host: Please get in touch with planetologists. They were given descriptions of the planet they landed on. From this description, they were supposed to find out what kind of planet it was. So, a word to planetologists.

1 presenter: Radio operators are invited to communicate. Please decipher the radiograms you received.

2 leader: We invite flight engineers to communicate. They had to offer a certain way to solve a practical problem. Read the problem and offer your solution.

Lead 1: And now we have astronomers and psychologists in touch. They will also offer their own solutions to problems that astronauts may have in space.

2 presenter: “We live very friendly, we don’t take boring people into space”

While the teams are preparing to present their homework, space artists will perform in front of you, who will show us a space dance.

Lead 1: Our long, but hopefully fun and educational journey is coming to an end. Each crew of the ship chose their own path in the Galaxy and flew to their destination. And now they will present us their legend about the constellation. Scientific, artistry, originality, humor are evaluated. (For an example of a speech, see<Приложение 6 >).

2 host: (Space music sounds). We thank the teams for their performances, we thank their leaders who prepared the teams for the performance and cheered for them today, as well as all the fans who supported their teams throughout the “journey”. And now we ask everyone to stand up.

The jury announces the results of our space KVN and awards prizes.

Literature:

1. Extracurricular work in physics / edited by O.F. Kabardina, - M., Enlightenment, 1983, (Library of a physics teacher);
2. Lanina I. Ya., Not a single lesson: Development of interest in physics, - M., Enlightenment, 1991, (Library of a physics teacher);
3. Yufanova I. L., Entertaining evenings in physics in high school; Book. For the teacher, - M., Education, 1990;
4. Lykov V. Ya., Aesthetic education in teaching physics: Book. For the teacher: From work experience, - M., Education, 1986;
5. Vorontsov-Velyaminov;
6. Dagaev M. M., Observations of the starry sky. –M., Nauka, 1979;
7. Levitan E. P .. To kids about the stars, - M., Pedagogy, 1986.