Yuri Vyacheslavovich Fenenko
Year of birth - 1964
Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia. International Institute of Management.
• Deputy Dean for work with foreign students. promptly: http://www.wiw-rf.ru/memberPerson/40424
Graduated from the Leningrad Nakhimov Naval School, Kiev Higher Naval Political School, with honors from the Humanitarian Academy of the Armed Forces Russian Federation, postgraduate student of the Russian Academy public service under the President of the Russian Federation. 1985 -1991 - served on the ships of the Red Banner Black Sea Fleet, in various command positions. Member of 6 long-range military campaigns; 1991-1994 - Student of the Humanitarian Academy of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation; 1994-1998 - Deputy Commander of the Central Naval Radio Detachment OSNAZ of the Russian Navy; 1998-2001 - Lecturer at the Department of Humanitarian and Socio-Economic Disciplines of the Military Engineering University; Captain 1st rank reserve. Since 2001 he has been working at MGIMO of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia; 2001-2007 - Deputy Director at the International Institute of Management; since 2007 - deputy dean for work with foreign students.
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Fenenko Yuri Vyacheslavovich. Management activity of the military leader in the conditions of administrative reform: problems of style optimization: Dis. ... cand. legal Sciences: 12.00.14: Moscow, 2002 266 p. RSL OD, 61:03-12/688-9
Introduction
Chapter I
1.1 The essence and methodology of the analysis of the style of managerial activity of the military leader 15-34
1.2 The place and role of the style of managerial activity in the administrative and legal reform of the Russian army 34-61
Chapter II. State-administrative conditions and legal factors for optimizing the style of activity of a military leader at the stage of administrative reform
II.1 State and administrative conditions for ensuring the optimization of the style of activity of the command staff of the Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of Russia 62-87
II.2 Legal factors for streamlining military service relations ... 87-119
Chapter III. Modern technologies for optimizing the style of managerial activity of a commander: administrative and legal features and priorities
III. 1 Administrative and legal features of improving the style of a military leader in the context of modern reform ... 120-136
III.2 Priority use modern technologies management in the process of optimizing the style of activity of military personnel 136- 154
Conclusion 155-168
References 169-177
Applications
Introduction to work
The relevance of research is determined by the objective needs of studying and modernizing the management activities of executive authorities, their officials in the context of an administrative reform that affects the interests of Russian state and its armed forces.
The effectiveness of reforms in the command and control system of the Armed Forces
Force is unthinkable without optimizing the style of the military
professional managers, ensuring the compliance of functions
army apparatus to strategic tasks and modern science
management. Optimal, scientifically verified service style
the commander's activities, reflecting the quality of his thinking and actions, contributes to the professional regulation of legal, social and spiritual processes in units and subunits. Thus, the content of their combat readiness and life activity is enriched by the norms of administrative reform in accordance with the updated principles of work and building the executive power 1 .
At the same time, in the modern life of society and the state, including the Armed Forces, there is a significant contradiction between the demands for positive changes in the organization of troops and the inadequate actions of some of the leading cadres, who are distinguished by an outdated style of thinking and action that has nothing to do with the formation of a new type of army - mobile and compact, creating decent conditions for servicemen 2 .
The loss of legal and social values by such commanders, the loss of faith in the power of a professional army is one of the reasons for the administrative and military reform in Russia. The inconsistency and complexity of management processes in life Russian army make it difficult
"See: Russia needs to be strong and competitive. Message of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation// Russian newspaper, 2002, April 19. 2 See: Ibid.
4 determination of criteria for assessing the motives, content and results of the activities of military leaders. This circumstance actualizes the importance of the administrative-legal study of the style of managerial activity. Without scientific clarification and solution of legal problems of improving the management style in accordance with the administrative reform, it is impossible to understand and direct the actions of military commanders in non-standard situations, to analyze the legal knowledge of military personnel in work with personnel 1 .
The issues of institutionalization and optimization of the style of military management activity, in particular the command personnel of the Land Forces of the Armed Forces of Russia, are extremely relevant at the stage of administrative reform. Distinguished by novelty, administrative-legal nature and complexity, they require an urgent solution both in theoretical and practical terms based on the works of domestic and foreign lawyers, sociologists, and managers.
Degree of study of this problem characterized by a variety of approaches of scientists to the study of certain aspects of the leader's style. The analysis of many of them in the dissertation reveals the classical period of the formation of the foundations of style and clarification of its essence 2 , sociological and legal approaches to considering the role of style in management, which has developed to late XIX- the beginning of the 20th century in the works of domestic scientists N.A. Berdyaeva, A.D. Gradovsky, A.I. Elistarova, M.M. Kovalevsky, P.A. Sorokina, A.A. Tikhomirova, T.F. Shershenevich and others. The influence of foreign sociologists M. Weber, A. Adler, T. Veblen, A. Maurier and others on the legal science is noted.
1 See: Federal Laws “On Defense” dated May 31, 1996 No. 61-FZ//SZ RF 1996. No. 32. Article 2750 and “On Military
duties and military service "of March 28, 1998 No. 53-FZ // SZ RF 1998. No. 13. Art. 1475.
2 See, for example: Aristotle. Rhetoric. Book III "On Style". - St. Petersburg, 1894. S. 115-116, 151.
3 See: Weber M. Selected Works. - M., 1990. S. 20-21; State personnel policy and
mechanism for its implementation. /Under the general editorship of E.V. Okhotsky. - M., 1998. S. 380, 387 and others.
Some aspects of the choice of tools and methods for studying managerial activity, the typology of leader styles and the methodology for their classification are considered in the works of Yu.P. Averina, V.G. Afanasiev, L.P. Bueva, M.K. Gorshkova, V.V. Glushchenko, I.I. Glushchenko, A.A. Derkach, I.P. Litvinova, V.I. Lukyanenko, Z.I. Mikheeva, B.F. Usmanova, A.V. Filippova, V.V. Shcherbina, V.A. Yadova and others.
A special role in the scientific understanding of the activities of army leaders was played by scientific works military scientists V.M. Anisimova, R.N. Anichina, M.I. Borodina, L.G. Egorova, M.M. Zakarlyuk, A.G. Ivleva, A.F. Kostina, B.V. Kuzmenko, L.G. Lapteva, L.S. Maltseva, V.G. Malikov, A.N. Pisareva, K.E. Romanova, A.S. Skok and others.
The dissertation analyzes the topical issues of the topic under consideration, formulated in the works of scientists - lawyers S.A. Avakyan, S.S. Aleksev, A.P. Alekhina, G.V. Atamanchuk, D.M. Bakhrakh, I.L. Bachilo, K.S. Velsky, I.I. Veremeenko, V.G. Vishnyakova, R.V. Yengibaryan, Yu.M. Kozlova, Yu.M. Kolosova, A.P. Koreneva, Yu.K. Krasnova, B.M. Lazareva, Yu.M. Leibo, G.V. Maltseva, V.M. Manokhin, A.F. Nozdracheva, A.V. Obolonsky, D.M. Ovsyanko, M.I. Piskotina, Yu.N. Starilova, Yu.A. Tikhomirova, Ts.A. Yampolskaya and other scientists.
However, they have not received proper coverage in the literature and need scientific understanding, primarily from the standpoint of administrative and legal science, many problems associated with the style of managerial activity of military commanders, its optimization in the context of administrative reform.
Therefore, in the dissertation research, an attempt was made to develop the most relevant and insufficiently covered in the scientific
literature issues of administrative-legal theory and practice of optimizing the style of managerial activity of the head. At the same time, the management of military personnel is considered not only as a power-command process, but also as a legal process in which state structures and personality, subject-object and subject-subject relations develop, including: organizational-legal, managerial, defense-legal, human rights and socio-psychological processes.
The author proves that the optimization of military personnel management is not an end in itself, because it reflects the needs of modernizing state institutions and functions in unity with the interests of developing military collectives, each serviceman as a citizen who has the right to participate in managing state affairs 1. legal and empirical aspects of the study, to a comprehensive solution of the emerging problems of modeling the most appropriate ways to optimize the style of managerial activity of military commanders on the example of the Russian Ground Forces.
The relevance, theoretical and practical significance, insufficient development of the problem of the style of a military leader in the context of administrative reform determined the choice of the topic of the dissertation research.
As object of study the style of managerial activity of the leaders of the regimental level of the Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation was chosen, mainly its administrative and legal features.
Subject of study- the essence, content and features of the style of managerial activity of the commander; conditions, factors and methods
See: Article 32 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
7 optimizing the style of managerial activity of military leaders of the regimental level at the initial stage of administrative reform.
Purpose and objectives of the study - on the basis of theoretical and methodological approaches to understanding the essence of the style of activity, to identify and clarify the administrative and legal content and nature of the style of official activity of the leaders of the regimental level, state-administrative factors and the conditions for its institutionalization and optimization, determined by Russian reforms.
Realization of the set goal involves the consistent solution of the following tasks:
conducting a legal and sociological analysis of the essence,
institutionalization of the content of the managerial style
activities of regimental level commanders (general and special trends, priorities);
substantiation of criteria and methods of legal diagnostics of the real style of work of command personnel based on the powers of executive authorities;
determination of state-administrative factors and legal conditions for the formation of criteria for optimizing the style of the military leader of the regimental level;
substantiation of conclusions on the application of social and
administrative and legal technologies for optimizing the style of managerial activity of commanders at the stage of administrative and military reform; development of recommendations for managerial personnel, in particular employees and command staff of the Ground Forces, on optimizing the style of official activity of the head in modern conditions. The main hypothesis of the study. The starting position of the dissertation is that the optimization of the style of managerial work of the military
leader is the result of the institutionalization of military management relations, the manifestation of professional competence and the direct determination of the quality of military service activity. The administrative and legal orientation and the qualitative certainty of the process of style improvement imply the need to:
to ensure the correspondence between the purpose, tasks of the activity and the management situation, forms and methods of managing the relations of the subject and the object in solving current and strategic tasks;
to achieve a rational correlation between mobility and stability of goals and tasks, forms and methods, which excludes administrative stagnation, because the optimization of the leader's style is manifested under the condition of a minimum of goals, optimum tasks and forms of organization and maximum attention to the military team in the process of implementing command decisions;
take into account various factors that influence the style of thinking and
commander actions: personal(rational use
potential and actual abilities, level
professional readiness of the head);
organizational(selection and promotion of personnel capable of developing the ability to accurately perform functions structural divisions a shelf); managerial(mastering the basic skills and abilities of the manager to ensure interaction with subordinate personnel). Particular ones follow from the main hypothesis:- for the formation of the optimal style of the leader, it is necessary to diagnose the initial style of thinking and legal actions of the commander and his subordinates;
Depending on the content of the identified type of thinking
self-correction of the leader's style of activity is carried out
military collective, based on the functions of the position, the level of legal
consciousness and development of the military personnel;
Methods for optimizing the style of activity are also determined by the level
general and vocational education, the content of potential and
actual abilities of the activity style carrier.
The theoretical and methodological basis of the dissertation
research constitute the conceptual ideas of classical and
modern domestic jurisprudence on the rights and activity of the individual, the provisions of the theory of public administration, organization and management decision-making, comparative legal functional analysis. Based on them, a comprehensive, integrated approach to optimizing the style of managerial activity of the commander, identifying personnel management technologies in managing the professional and service development of military personnel under the conditions of administrative reform became possible. Moreover, the view on the style of managerial activity remains unchanged as a reflection of the quality of the process of thinking and action, the knowledge of the real situation by the subject of management, the maximum use in practice of positive and overcoming negative personality traits, the search for rational methods and forms of action leading to the realization of the goals of activity 1.
Administrative, legal and sociological information about the object-subject field of the dissertation research was obtained using statistical methods, a questionnaire survey of leaders and personnel of military units, content analysis, traditional analysis of legal documents, secondary comparison of military data. sociological research, input and output monitoring
See: Litvinov I.P. Style of managerial activity: theoretical aspects, methods of diagnostics and optimization. - Elista, 1997. P.18.
10 students' abilities educational institutions and training and retraining centers.
Empirical base of the dissertation compiled the results of specific sociological studies conducted in 2000 with the direct participation of the author in the framework of the KNIR commissioned by the General Staff and the Main Directorate of Educational Work of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation on the topic: "Social, psychological and legal aspects of retaining officer cadres in the context of reforming the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation" ( Code "Link").
Of the total number of respondents surveyed by various methods, 87 commanders of regiments of the Ground Forces were also examined.
The reliability and scientific validity of the study is ensured by a strict theoretical study of the problem, methodological clarity of the chosen concept of the study.
The scientific novelty of the dissertation is in concept development
optimizing the style of managerial activity of a military leader with
taking into account the administrative reform. The author used new
methodological approaches in the study, firstly,
institutionalization of this style and related administrative and legal relations; secondly, optimization of the style of activity of military leaders on the basis of the powers of the executive authorities in the field of defense. In a new aspect, the concept of "style of managerial activity of a military leader" is formulated, which is represented not by an unstructured abstraction, but by a variety of essential, meaningful elements that reflect its internal changes due to administrative and military reforms.
The author substantiated specific traits this style during the reform period: expanding the legal criteria for the development of style, strengthening professionalism, competence, legal education of military personnel and the legislative basis for their lifestyle.
The dissertation expresses the author's understanding of the content and forms of legal support for optimizing the style of military management relations. An attempt was made to give a deeper coverage of traditional and formulate a number of new problems, to propose ways to solve them using the mechanism of legal regulation of the activities and behavior of participants in military management relations at the stage of administrative reform.
In the international legal aspect, a new approach is formulated to determine the role of procedural managerial actions of the heads of military peacekeeping operations abroad, a detailed analysis of the system of legal guarantees for optimizing the style of their activities is given. one
Taken for defense proposals and conclusions obtained as a result of the study, reflecting the author's position on socio-theoretical, administrative-legal and practical issues of optimizing the style of the military-administrative activity of the head on the basis of the new powers of the executive authorities, due to the administrative reform, namely:
The author's concept of institutionalization and administrative-legal diagnostics of the formation of the democratic style of the leaders of the regimental level, ways of its optimization as a special section of managerial relations of a conscious-volitional and organizational-legal nature, which is formed in the process of exercising the powers of executive authorities in the field of defense. The participants in these relations experience a state-administrative influence corresponding to the goals of administrative and military reform. The administrative and legal properties of the style of the leaders of the regimental level of the Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of Russia have a complex structure and
See: Federal Law "On the procedure for the provision by the Russian Federation of military and civilian personnel for participation in activities to maintain or restore international peace and security" dated June 23, 1995 No. 26-FZ.//SZ RF. 1995. Art. 2401.
12 influence other managerial relations in the field of defense, taking into account feedback;
the conclusion that the style of a military leader is a reflection of the essential personality traits of a new generation of servicemen who implement the post-reform settings through: rejection of totalitarian means of influence, persuasion, legal education, collegiality, etc.;
revealing the interaction of legal, moral and other features of the commander’s optimal work style in the new conditions: competence, decency, decisiveness, innovative thinking, independent decision-making, organizational skills, readiness to act in the spirit of ongoing reforms, taking into account non-standard situations, a critical and self-critical approach to evaluating results reforms, etc.;
the development of a methodology for conducting a socio-legal analysis of the military style is guided in three main dimensions. First, the assessment and self-assessment of the personal traits of thinking and activities of the leader. Secondly, the legal assessment of the evolution of the living environment in which the personality of a serviceman is self-realized. Thirdly, the characteristics of the process of management and self-government, as well as legal relations arising from the interaction of the subject and the object, achieving the compliance of goals, objectives, forms and methods of activity with the results obtained;
determination of priority, primarily legal, directions and criteria for the democratic (as opposed to totalitarian) style of the commander. This is theoretical and methodological assistance to military personnel in mastering the knowledge and skills for legal orientation in market conditions; the operation of the principle of professionalism and competence in military service, especially in the system of professional selection and promotion of leading personnel. Then - the ethical and legal education of leaders and
13 guided, training in the technologies of social and legal "construction" of the military collective; the use of methods and means of administrative and legal stimulation of the business style of management;
Approbation, taking into account the managerial practice of the applicant,
system of factors influencing the legal orientation, dynamics and
the depth of improvement of the processes of mastering the leader
optimal, democratic style of action. Highlighted and reviewed
first of all, factors: objective, arising from military conditions and
commander's activities; subjective-personal, related to scientific
professional and administrative-legal training;
organizational factors due to the selection and promotion of personnel,
mastered an effective style. State-
managerial factors related to the skills and abilities to carry out
not only duties, but also the rights of the leader, with which they must
considered to be the authorities in the field of defense;
Making practical suggestions and recommendations on the development
a number of legal acts, the use of new technologies,
conducive to the consolidation in the style of management of the social value of law
and democracy. The meaning of the projects is seen in the resolution of conflicts and
crisis situations, optimal combination of centralization,
decentralization and legal rule incompatible with
lack of control, irresponsibility, corruption, violations
law and order.
The practical significance of the study is determined by the breadth of its possible application both at the interstate and at the federal level for military command and control bodies, including the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, in the development of targeted training programs for commanders, differentiated by levels of military education, types and branches of troops, and military command and control units.
The conclusions obtained in the course of the study and the proposals formulated on their basis can provide an increase in the scientific level of the legal consolidation of managerial relations arising from the use of the business style of military leaders. They contribute to a scientifically based approach to the development and implementation of the concept of optimizing the style of managerial activity in the process of reform.
Enriching the scientific and educational-methodical base for training specialists in working with military personnel, this study opens up the possibility of a wide application of its results to improve efficiency. personnel work in accordance with the Federal Law "On the status of military personnel" (1998) 1
Approbation of the research results. The main provisions and conclusions of the dissertation were approved and recommended for defense at a meeting of the Department of Public Administration and Law of MGIMO (U). Previously, they were discussed in the problem group of the Department of Civil Service and Personnel Policy of the Russian Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation.
Work structure. The dissertation consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, a list of references and references, as well as applications.
1 See: Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. 1998. No. 22. Article 2331.
The essence and methodology of the analysis of the style of managerial activity of a military leader
The legal status of a serviceman must be considered in all its diversity. public relations. A serviceman as a person performs an important social role in society, realizing specific functions within the competence of a certain public position.
In this capacity, military personnel become military personnel, whose personality traits are identified with their social and legal role as defenders of the Fatherland. At the same time, the style of activity of a serviceman, military personnel reflects not only personal qualities, but also the content, the nature of the social and legal role of the functions of the position of a serviceman. French academician Pierre Janet defines staff (personage - from French) as a person with a specific social role.2
In the process of service, military personnel are bound by numerous norms of law with relations existing in society: legal, economic, social, cultural and spiritual. In addition, the features of army life give rise to a specific area of relations inherent only military organization. It reflects all types of administrative and legal relations.
Since the main spheres of life of soldiers are combat training, service and everyday life, social relations in the team unfold as if in three interconnected planes: service-functional, social-organizational and interpersonal, everyday.
Each of these types of intra-collective relations has its own characteristics. Service and functional relations in the army, including in ground units and subunits, are built on a strict legal basis, unity of command, discipline, and high personal responsibility of each serviceman for the performance of his functional duties. areas of public works, sports, cultural leisure. Interpersonal relations of camaraderie and friendship are distinguished by their principles and norms. At the same time, the same person, as a rule, is a carrier of several social roles including it in various systems of intra-collective relations.
A deep understanding of the essence and nature of social ties and administrative and legal relations in the army, their accounting and regulation are becoming important today constituent element activities of commanders at all levels. This presupposes the development of a legal culture of relations between servicemen, the study and consideration of the interests of various categories of personnel, and knowledge of the social and legal mechanisms for rallying military teams.
Because of this, each military leader, having his own individual style of work, builds relations with his subordinate personnel on the basis of the rule of law, morality and other regulators. public relations. As our studies show, the style of activity is not a one-time act of action. Style is a reflection of the commander's participation in administrative and military reform, the qualitative implementation of instructions on legal work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, unity of thought and action, knowledge of the real situation by the subject of management, maximum consideration and use of positive experience and minimization of the manifestation of negative personality traits, the search for rational methods and forms of action leading to the achievement of the set goals.
The emergence of the category of "style" in social practice and science is closely connected with the search for ways out of chaos, confusion, uncertainty in the life of ancient society, the times of Socrates and Glavkon, Plato and Aristotle. Analyzing the structure and interconnection of crisis phenomena and processes in society and the state, they came to the conclusion that there is a need for harmony, consent between people, correspondence between the purpose of their activities and the means of their implementation. Just as the harmony between words, melody, rhythm and tempo gives rise to a good song, so the style of thinking and actions of people ensures the realization of their needs on the basis of the correspondence of the goals set to the legal means to achieve them.
Glavkon, in a dispute with Socrates, first introduced the word "style" into scientific circulation and substantiated the need for this category. The essence of style, they believed, is manifested in the correspondence of content and form, the harmony of goals and means in the thinking and actions of a person.1
Each historical era or period form their typical style of thinking and actions of people, nations and states. The point of view is sufficiently substantiated that in the fixed history of mankind, ancient, classical (Middle Ages) and modern styles of life and activity of people appeared.2
Style manifests itself as a conscious or insufficiently conscious need to search for methods and forms of transition from emotional, irrational to rational knowledge environment, conditions of activity, overcoming on a legal basis of contradictions in the process of setting and achieving goals.
The formation and development of style is associated with the search for harmony in the relations of people in the course of their activities: labor, research, military, entrepreneurial, etc.
The style is multifaceted and manifests itself in all areas of activity: in art, science, and at a later time - in management, management. Understanding the essence of style is specific in various branches of knowledge: philosophy, philology, economics, jurisprudence, sociology, management, etc.
The general understanding of the essence of style is that style is a qualitative characteristic of the measure of unity and interaction of subject and object in a certain situation.1
In the field of management, there are various definitions of style. So, some believe that style is a set of principles and methods for solving problems that arise in the process of implementing management functions.2 Others believe that style is a manifestation of the methods and techniques of thinking and acting of the individual, ensuring interaction in the team and with the team. 3
Administrative and legal analysis of understanding the style of management allows us to conclude that style is a category that expresses not only subject-object social relations, interaction relations in management, the level of unity of the organization and professionalism, morality, social usefulness of management activities, but also the process of implementing executive power .
Since the dissertation examines the style of activity of a modern military leader in the exercise of this power, it is advisable to consider points of view on the definition of the concept of "style of activity".
The place and role of the style of managerial activity in the administrative and legal reform of the Russian army
In the modern conditions of the administrative reform, as well as the reform of the Russian Armed Forces, complex problems arise, including in the field of administrative and legal improvement of the style of managerial activity. New conditions, tasks and expanding opportunities require the search for fundamentally new solutions, taking into account the experience of the combat use of the Russian Armed Forces in Afghanistan and Chechnya. Unfortunately, the managerial activity of commanders in extreme conditions does not always provide the required level of command and control of troops. One of the main reasons for this is the oblivion and inept use of the style of managerial and legal work in the Armed Forces, which was based on fighting spirit, camaraderie and steadfastness in command and control in the Great Patriotic war, local wars to protect the interests of the motherland.
It is no coincidence that numerous discussions on these and other issues of management style do not stop.
An analysis of the materials on this range of issues shows that the supporters of a "substantial revision" do not bring sufficient constructiveness to their solution. In particular, military researchers O.V. Sosyur and V.P. Pyatkov propose to revise the existing conceptual apparatus of control theory. Under the essence of control they see best use potential capabilities of troops in a specific situation in the interests of the successful completion of assigned tasks.1
This approach determines their interest in the problem of optimizing the style of managerial activity. Among other laws of control, they tried to formulate such as "the optimal correspondence of methods and means of control to the organizational structure, purpose and combat properties." Here, the legal elements, the principles that make up the essence of management, are expressed through non-formalized categories. The optimization mechanism, which should have been based on legal principles and traditions that reflect the “revealed” patterns, is categorically rejected by the authors. They point out that "unlike the laws of government... it is not at all necessary to follow the principles."3
The last decade reflects the special role of tradition in the development of an effective management style. In the process of forming the norms of law, one should not underestimate the place of tradition as elements of material and spiritual culture fixed in the mind of the subject of activity, performing the functions of personality development, and not its degradation. It should be noted that over the centuries, positive factors related to the traditions of the country, people, state and its constituent legal institutions have played an important role in optimizing the style of activity. The defining importance of tradition in the development of administrative and legal features of the management style is due to the fact that it: allows you to take into account the legal, social, political, economic, organizational, psychological consequences of management decisions and actions for their legal implementation; makes it possible to take into account legal values, the observance of which the subject of the action protects from negative consequences; develops a style of relationship between a leader and a subordinate, based on administrative and legal behavior, trust in the leader, because the latter satisfies the expectations and needs of the subordinate; ensures the optimal functioning of formal organizations as a source of protection and satisfaction of the needs of each of their members; has a huge advantage over unfair, illegal subjugation of the individual, especially if it is not authoritative enough; simplifies decision-making mechanisms, achieving their speed and predictability in actual implementation.1
For a military organization, the importance of traditions for the formation of an optimal command style can hardly be overestimated.
In Germany, for example, 5 laws governing the civil service have sections on the "Traditional Foundations of Professional Officials".
However, according to many scientists, a system based on tradition will collapse if state institutions stop encouraging supporters of traditions, patriotic performers, especially if its opponents are encouraged. Therefore, military command and control requires a system of information on the observance of traditions, legality and competence, which are of paramount importance in the system of military activity.
At the same time, the style of managing military collectives is based on a tradition in which the conservation of dogmas and stereotypes is unacceptable, which turns tradition into its opposite - the conservatism of thinking and action. Conservatism, dogmatism, stereotypes are in principle incompatible with military service.
Military service, based on traditions, patriotism, devotion to the Fatherland, is characterized by the constant readiness of a serviceman to prevent offenses and stay ahead of the plans and actions of a potential or real enemy. Therefore, the style of thinking and action of the commander, the regimental level in particular, is based on the preservation of military traditions, combined with legal culture and innovative thinking. Only such a combination allows us to act clearly, without mistakes and extremes, based on professionalism and legality.
State and administrative conditions for ensuring the optimization of the style of activity of the command staff of the Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of Russia
The labor of a military leader is a special type of labor, it contains both general and specific features, because it is carried out to implement the functions of military service as a special type of public service. In the process of analyzing this holistic phenomenon, such aspects as military professional activity, everyday communication with personnel, and the realization of specific goals are highlighted. In the military sphere, goal setting, purposefulness and goal achievement act as interrelated components of a single whole, united by the goals of military service. They influence the results and ideals of the managerial activity of a military leader, the main system-forming subject, and not a passive component in the system of activity, as their role is often presented, especially in the mass media. A purposeful approach to the status of a military leader makes it possible to single out general, special and individual components in the professionalism of a regiment commander. They cover knowledge, skills, experience, abilities, patriotism as structure-forming elements of military-professional activity.
An analysis of the legal status showed that the features of the manifestation of professionalism are revealed through the style of managerial activity1. In addition, in the course of a study conducted among the command staff of the Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of Russia, the conclusion suggests itself that the style of managerial activity of the commander, reflecting his personality, the style of implementing managerial functions and expressing the personal behavioral and situational foundations of the activity of the subject of his interaction with the object of control , develops under the influence of objective and subjective factors in the form of a real multidimensional - functional model.
Identification, understanding and use of these factors allows you to purposefully form the style of managerial activity. When conducting a legal and sociological analysis of the commander’s management style, as well as identifying factors for its optimization, taking into account the methods developed not only by sociologists, but also by legal scientists1, the following provisions were the initial methodological prerequisites: firstly, the need to take into account the dialectical relationship between methodology and methodology managerial and legal research of the style of a military leader, which allows taking into account the features of the object, subject and methods of research, determined by a whole complex of diverse conditions and factors due to the implementation of modern reforms;
Secondly, the definition of criteria, parameters of style optimization, the disclosure of the essential characteristics of its formation is accompanied by qualitative changes in the thinking and activity of the commander;
Thirdly, these changes are manifested in the atmosphere of interaction with subordinates, where the commander speaks dominant entity administrative legal relations, and subordinates are both an object and a subject of legal interaction.
The model developed in the course of this study for optimizing the style of managerial activity of the commander in the new conditions and its approbation make it possible to identify meaningful differences modern style leadership, to analyze the main factors influencing its formation. The managerial situation, the individual psychological characteristics of the commander, the system of legal values and attitudes used in style, and professional competence turn out to be decisive factors in the formation of new features of the style of a military leader1.
Moreover, the conditions and factors in terms of scale, as the analysis of scientific research shows, can be combined into the following groups: global; state-administrative; legal; military-political conditions and factors specific to the reform of the Armed Forces.
At the same time, global military-political problems and the tasks of ensuring military security Fatherlands are not always taken into account in the practice of military development3.
A study conducted in 2000 on the example of the Ground Forces convinces that the conditions and factors of the global military-political situation have a significant impact on the formation of requirements for command and control of troops and the management activities of command personnel, their style of thinking and action4. They determine the nature of military policy, affect all its components and the prospects for reforming the army, the style of life of personnel and command and control. The experience of military construction in various countries shows that it is carried out taking into account not only the influence of internal state-administrative prerequisites, but also external conditions and factors. It can be reasonably concluded that the military reform in Russia in general and the optimization of the style of managerial activity in particular can be successfully completed with full consideration of this circumstance.
Administrative and legal features of improving the style of a military leader in the context of modern reform
The established style of activity of the subject of management has the qualities of optimality within a certain time, space, functions of the position. The management situation in the army is constantly changing. The features of the style of its carrier are adequately developed. In the case of ensuring the harmony of the managerial situation and the style of the subject of activity, the tendency to optimize the style prevails.
In crisis, extreme conditions, the need to optimize the style of activity of management subjects increases many times, and the possibilities for this, in turn, are reduced to a minimum.
This feature of managerial activity requires the commander to maximize efforts associated with the choice of social technologies that provide the optimal style of thinking and action, optimal results.
In the scientific literature, the issues of optimizing the style of managerial activity of military leaders different levels insufficiently developed. The very concept of "optimization of the style of managerial activity" needs to be clarified, its content, volume, theoretical and practical value. You can call the work of Laptev L.G. , Malikova. V.G. , Romanova K.E. , in which the authors explore the concept of control optimization.
However, attempts to give a generalized interpretation of the role of optimal control do not largely reflect modern technologies for optimizing the style of managerial activity. Administrative and legal features and priorities in these technologies are not distinguished.
The need to establish public consent and the commitment of military leaders to actions in the interests of defense and the strengthening of Russian statehood puts forward a number of requirements for the style of managerial activity. Their essence is the approval of new technologies for optimizing style, arising from the administrative and legal features of improving the style of a military leader in the context of modern reform. Such technologies are based on the science of administrative law, information-analyzing systems and the responsibility of military command and control bodies, officials to the state.
The results of our research show that the style of managerial activity of the command personnel of the Ground Forces can be brought to an optimal state on the basis of the rational use of the requirements of administrative and military reforms. First of all, such requirements relate to the issues of bringing the style of managerial activity of command personnel in line with the general concept of development of state administration bodies and laws adopted in the field of defense.
Secondly, administrative and legal reform should be considered as the main component of military labor, as an independent, authoritative type of military professional activity based on innovative methods of mastering the legal and entire social space. Requirements of this order are of a fundamentally new nature, because they involve informatization, technologization, and intellectualization of military activity itself.
Thirdly, the interests of administrative and military reforms, the need to optimize the style of managerial activity of command personnel determine the requirements for military leaders, namely: to take into account the internal logic, their own interests in this activity and individual capabilities. Taken together, all the requirements determine the managerial activity of the commander on the legal, social and psychological levels. Any changes in the style of activity, projects and reform programs are not feasible without technological support, which has become an element of the implementation of administrative reform.
The advancement of a set of administrative and legal requirements gives guidance to command personnel in the approval of their new management technologies based on the reduction of redundant functions of the state apparatus. This is required by the tasks of the reform, progressive trends in the development of the Armed Forces and the legal management of their life.1
The Armed Forces at the stage of reform, along with the existing situational control systems, need professionally trained command personnel capable of mastering the optimal style of activity and using it in work with subordinates.
The optimal style, as the study shows, implies that the subject of management has such rational and emotional personality traits that allow him to quickly and deeply comprehend the legal situation, develop management methods that are adequate to it, ensuring the implementation of their functions, achieving optimal goals with the necessary effort for this. , means and time. With this style, professionalism and competence, managerial and legal culture and practical experience of an official, a scientific assessment of the objective and subjective factors of the situation are combined with the skills and ability to act proactively, creatively, and purposefully. This style reflects the high quality of the activity of the subject of management, his ability, skill, readiness and will to ensure that his methods in the management process correspond to a specific, particular purpose of action at a certain stage of reform.
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In accordance with the constitution of the Russian Federation on the delimitation of jurisdiction between the federal center and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, their representative offices are created to solve various problems.
Representative offices interact with the Presidential Administration, the Government of Russia, the Federal Assembly, state corporations, and other organizations.
In turn, the Representative Office of the Government of Sevastopol in Moscow opened at the end of 2014. It is supervised by the Deputy Governor of Sevastopol Alexander Reshetnikov.
Alexander Reshetnikov
Before joining the Government, he headed a group of security companies. In addition, he was active in social activities. Was involved in charity work patriotic education youth, supported youth sports, organized a number of sports and memorial events in different regions of Russia.
Combat officer, veteran of the Vityaz special forces detachment, member of the Council of Veterans of the 6th OSN Vityaz, Commander of the Orders of Courage, "For Personal Courage", medals "For Courage". In addition, he took part in the events of the Russian Spring, organized security on the peninsula.
The head of the representative office of Sevastopol in Moscow is Igor Chekulaev. He is a veteran of the special services.
Igor Chekulaev
He served in hot spots, was awarded combat awards. Over the past decade, he has been actively involved in military-patriotic themes, and has provided support to the veterans' movement. He repeatedly held memory watches in Moscow and St. Petersburg. In particular, on his initiative, in Peterhof, a monument to the defenders of the Fatherland was created and donated to the townspeople.
In turn, Yuri Fenenko was appointed his deputy.
Yuri Fenenko
Originally from Sevastopol. Graduated from the Leningrad Nakhimov Naval School, the Kiev Higher Naval Political School, the Humanitarian Academy armed forces Russian Federation, Russian Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation. He served on the ships of the Red Banner Black Sea Fleet. During the period of the officer's service, the units and ships led by him were repeatedly declared "excellent". Member of 6 distant sea voyages. Captain 1st rank reserve. From 2001 to 2012 - Deputy Director at the International Institute of Management MGIMO (U) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Deputy Dean for work with foreign students. PhD in Law, Associate Professor. In addition, he worked in the State Duma of the Russian Federation, a member of the expert council of the committee on economic policy, innovative development and entrepreneurship.
It is also worth noting that the press secretary of the Governor of Sevastopol Kirill Moskalenko also works in Moscow. This is perhaps an unprecedented case when a specialist in such a position manages to work remotely. At the same time, judging by the media rating of the Governor, we can safely say that Moskalenko knows his business.
Kirill Moskalenko
By the way, at the end of last year, Sergei Menyailo for the first time rose to 10th place (out of 85) in terms of citation in the Russian media. Prior to joining the Government, Moskalenko worked for more than 10 years in Moscow and federal media, both television and print. He started as a news correspondent, worked on the Stolitsa TV channel (now Moscow-24), on Channel 3, then moved to the country's main weekly Argumenty i Fakty. There he was immediately recognized as the best employee of the year. Headed the Federal Press Center "AiF".
In total, 6 people work in the Moscow Representative Office. Over the past year, they have prepared and held several significant events. The visit of the Ambassador of Nicaragua to Sevastopol is their work.
"Days of Sevastopol in Moscow" they developed and carried out together with the Department of National Policy, Interregional Relations and Tourism of the City of Moscow.
The Moscow representative office organized a presentation of the investment attractiveness of Sevastopol and a military-memorial conference dedicated to the 60th anniversary of the sinking of the battleship Novorossiysk on Poklonnaya Gora at the Russian Chamber of Commerce and Industry.
In addition, the office provided informational support for the visit of British veterans to Sevastopol. This event was discussed in many countries of the world.
A photo exhibition was held in the capital together with the Sevastopol community "Sevastopol - return home". It was held within the walls of the State Duma and was timed to coincide with the anniversary of the "Russian Spring", Victory Day and the 15th anniversary of the creation of the Sevastopol community in Moscow.
Employees of the representative office took part in the festival of Slavic art "Russian Field", where, as a sign of friendship between Moscow and Sevastopol, an ordinary temple was received as a gift from the capital. And, finally, they organized the arrival of Sevastopol residents and children of the Black Sea Fleet soldiers for the holidays in the capital, and together with the Moscow government, 12 New Year's performances were held for children in Sevastopol itself.
And this is only a small section of their activities - impressive, especially if the fate of more than a modest staff! The events held in 2015, according to the employees of the Moscow representative office, will certainly be continued in this area as well. They will rely on the possibilities public organizations Sevastopol residents in Moscow and St. Petersburg, who have recognition and authority among the residents of the two capitals.
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