Sergei Yesenin is perhaps one of the most famous poets in Russia, familiar to almost any lover of literature. Those who are more closely acquainted with the work of Sergei Yesenin know about his lyrical orientation. He was also an imagist, if we talk about his later work.

Biography of Sergei Yesenin

The father of Sergei Yesenin is the peasant Alexander Nikitich, his family was large, in addition to his parents, Sergei had two sisters. Yesenin studied at the Konstantinovsky Zemstvo School - the learning process took five years, after which he went to a church school. After the death of the poet, this school was converted into a museum of Sergei Yesenin. After four years of training, Sergei leaves his parental nest and goes to Moscow, where he continues his studies already in the role of an auditor, being a student at the Shanyavsky University.

Creative activity

Yesenin's first poems became known only thanks to their publication in the not-so-popular magazine of that time "Mirok", which was considered for children. One year after their first publication, Sergei read his works to more famous poets at that time, such as Blok or Gorodetsky. During the general military convocation of 1916, Sergei was forced to go to military service, but his influential friends and acquaintances tried to get him to serve on an ambulance train. It was there that he was able to publish his first collections of poetry, which served as the main reason for his wide popularity.

Sergei traveled extensively throughout Russia with his close friends and visited many significant cities. On such a journey, he met his future wife. Their marriage did not last long. After the divorce, his wife got into an accident - her scarf wound around the wheel when she got out of the car and her neck could not withstand such a load.

Numerous collections of the poet attracted the attention of all lovers of lyrics and poems of all times. The most famous collections of Sergei Yesenin, which deserve universal popular love:

• "I remember, darling, I remember."
• "Spring Poems".
• "The golden grove dissuaded."
• "I know the future."
• "Poems for Children".

Personal life

From his first wife - Anna Romanovna - Sergei had a son, Yuri. His fate is painfully tragic, as a young and healthy guy, Yuri was sentenced to death. After his execution, it turned out that the accusation was false. Daughter Tatyana and son Konstantin were already from his second wife Zinaida Reich. The third, and last, his wife, Sophia Tolstaya, was the granddaughter of the famous Lev Nikolaevich. Many scientists believe that it was the unsuccessful marriage with Sophia that served as the basis for the poet's suicide. After his death Sophia spent a lot of time preparing for the publication of his works., writing memoirs affecting their personal life and relationships, and also published unpublished works, later published in many magazines.

Death

In 1925, Sergei Yesenin was found dead in one of the rooms of the Angleterre Hotel in St. Petersburg (then Leningrad). The poet's body was discovered by his close friend Georgy Ustinov, who came to the hotel with his wife. The farewell and last poem, written by the poet, had the symbolic title "Goodbye, my friend ...", which Yesenin handed over to Wolf Ehrlich on the eve of his suicide. According to him, Yesenin complained about the lack of ink in the hotel room, and because of this, the poem was written in his own blood.

The official version says that it was suicide that was the cause of the poet's death. Being in the deepest depression, having recently completed a course of treatment at a neuropsychiatric hospital, Yesenin could not find any other way out of this situation, but to commit suicide - he hanged himself. The poet's body was buried in Moscow, where he was previously taken by train after the end of the funeral service and farewell.

However, almost half a century after the poet's death, various versions began to appear that supposedly suicide was just a staging, and in fact the death was violent. Its organizers are called the NKVD. The author of this theory is Eduard Khlystalov, who works as an investigator for the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department. The main assumptions for the emergence of such a theory were the photos, which, when viewed, showed the poet rather severely beaten before death: Sergei, who had a passion for fist fights, could give a worthy rebuff to the ill-wishers who attacked him. Later, after a number of expert examinations and deep investigations, it was proved that the staged version does not have sufficient grounds for its confirmation.

Sergei Yesenin is a wonderful Russian poet who in early period creativity was one of the key figures in the new peasant lyrics, and in the later - Imagism. Interesting facts about Yesenin prove that it is unthinkable to impose any restrictions and frameworks on such a large-scale personality. He was outside the literary trends of the beginning of the last century. His lyrics are a Russian soul wide open, passionate, rebellious and incredibly responsive.

Interesting facts from the life and work of Yesenin

• Not much is known about Yesenin's childhood and youth. One thing is certain that fate suggested that the famous poet choose a different path - to devote his life to pedagogy. In 1909, the training of Sergei Yesenin at the Konstantinovsky Zemstvo School came to an end. Excellent grades allowed him to enter a church teacher's school. But after a year and a half, he left the orderly boring school walls, because he could not imagine himself in the role of a teacher.
• Anna Izryadnova became the poet's first muse. They met when Sergei, an ardent self-confident youth of seventeen, came to conquer the capital. He had many plans and one goal - to become the brightest "servant of the muses" in immense Russia. This marriage was not happy. Esenin's wife and little son weighed heavily. Very soon he left them and went in search of fame in Petrograd.
• In 1918, a new publishing house appeared in Moscow - the Labor Artel of Word Artists.

  It was organized by the beginning poets of Soviet Russia - Lev Povitsky, Andrei Bely, Pyotr Oreshin, Sergei Klychkov and Sergei Yesenin. One thing was sorely lacking for successful work - paper. At that difficult time she was on strict account, but Yesenin promised to get it. Having changed into simple clothes and combed his hair in a peasant manner, he went straight to the Presidium of the Moscow Soviet. The paper was allocated exclusively for the "peasant poets".

• In Yesenin's life there were many beautiful women... The famous actress Zinaida Reich was one of them. She was so beautiful and charming that the poet could not resist and asked for her hand in 1917. In this marriage, Sergei Alexandrovich had two children - Tatiana and Konstantin. Three years later, the couple separated due to the endless betrayals of the head of the family. The wonderful poem "Letter to a Woman" is dedicated to the beautiful Zinaida.
• The poet also had many fears. One of the unknown to the general public is the horror of the police. Wolf Ehrlich recalled that one day he and Sergei were walking down the street, at the end of which the figure of a law enforcement officer appeared. The poet turned pale, then turned yellow, breathed heavily, asked to leave as soon as possible and not tell anyone about the panic that had suddenly gripped him.
• In the 20s, Yesenin's personal life was chaotic and somewhat disheveled. He drank a lot, often got involved in ugly stories and endless fights. Not without casual connections. But fate extended a helping hand to him in the person of Isadora Duncan, a brilliant American dancer. It was love at first sight, which stepped over many conventions. She was eighteen years older than him and did not speak Russian, and he did not speak English. But they got married, combining their names and their great feelings into one whole. From now on, they both signed Duncan-Yesenin.
• However, the marriage with Isadora Duncan was not entirely successful. They often quarreled, quarreled, dispersed and again met passionately. The final break was inevitable. In the poem “Rash, harmonica!

  Boredom ... Boredom ... "Yesenin conveyed what was happening in his soul at that time. Two years after the tragic death of the poet, Duncan died, suffocating herself with her own scarf.

• WITH short biography and the work of Yesenin, students get acquainted in the 5th grade. There is a widespread misconception about the alleged mutual hatred between Yesenin and Mayakovsky. Indeed, the poets often and passionately argued, reproached each other. Often it came to open skirmishes during public speaking... But this did not mean that they did not recognize each other's talent. On the contrary, they praised and admired. Once even Mayakovsky said that "darling Yesenin" was "terribly talented", while he asked not to pass these words to him.
• The last wife of the poet was Sophia Tolstaya - the granddaughter of the great Russian writer. She strove to be the ideal companion of the famous poet: she surrounded him with care, attention and helped him with the publication of his own collected works. But she never became his muse. He did not love her, and at the same time her aristocratic origin caused confusion and timidity in him. And yet Sophia's disgraceful heart fell grief to remain the widow of a shocking poet.
• The body of the dead Yesenin was found on December 25, 1925 in a room at the Angleterre Hotel. It is interesting to note that the day before he wrote a poem in blood "Goodbye, my friend, goodbye ...". There were two versions of his tragic departure. Officially, he ended his life by suicide, while writing a farewell verse-message. According to the other, it was a political murder, and the poem was written in blood, because there was no ink in the issue.

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We know Yesenin from school as a hooligan and drunkard, praising blue Russia and women. But there are those that remain outside the scope of the school curriculum. The genius poet always surprised his friends and family with risky actions that lifted him to the top of Olympus and dragged him into the abyss of hopelessness.

From childhood, Yesenin stood out among his peers, he was not particularly eager to be a worker, although he anxiously loved his homeland, he could wander through the fields for hours, enjoying the province. From the age of 5, grandfather Titov was engaged in the upbringing of the poet, he was distinguished by high intelligence and education. It was he who attracted Yesenin's love of literature, and his grandmother constantly told folk tales... In such an atmosphere, it was impossible not to grow up to be a sensual and loving person. Later he was brought up by his mother.

He went to study at the Parish School, graduated with honors and left for Moscow, to his father. The father worked in a butcher's shop, but the son could not withstand this activity for six months.

An interesting fact about Yesenin: from childhood, the boy believed that he would become a famous Russian poet. He began writing his first poems as a teenager. And now he told his father that he would earn money by rhyming, he would not go on studying, he would not stay in the butcher's shop. Yesenin got a job in a printing house as a worker, closer to publishing, and therefore to writing and Russian poets. At this time, he first read A. Blok's poems and began to consider him his teacher.

Yesenin tried to break into the circles of writers, he got acquainted with everyone who could somehow help him. As a result, he decided not to wait "for the weather by the sea", found out the address of Blok and came to him, declaring himself as a future famous poet. Blok became interested in such insolence, he met him, without lyrical digressions demanded to read poetry. An interesting fact is that Blok was delighted with Yesenin's work - this led the poet to the long-awaited literary circles.

Do not miss! Interesting facts from the life of Mayakovsky

• Yesenin was married 4 times (not counting numerous hobbies).

• Yesenin considered Galina Benislavskaya a friend and companion, and she loved him. After the death of the poet, Benislavskaya shot herself at his grave and was buried near Yesenin.

• Yesenin had two interesting phobias- a terrible fear of the police and a panic fear of contracting syphilis.

Yesenin biography: Interesting Facts about Yesenin

• At one time, Sergei Yesenin was a vegetarian.
• Isadora Duncan is the most famous woman Yesenina saw in him her son, who died in infancy. Duncan did not speak Russian, Yesenin did not speak English, but in passionate quarrels, their dialogue consisted of a linguistic mixture of swear words. Friends were very amused by this.

• After Yesenin's death, Isadora died tragically and absurdly: she got out of a taxi, and her long scarf pinched the car door, the car started and strangled the great dancer.

• Yesenin and Mayakovsky, although in public and showed disdain for each other, in fact, each admired the talent of his opponent. An interesting fact in Yesenin's biography: Mayakovsky, once reading his poems, exclaimed loudly: "Damn talented!" But from everyone in the room, he sternly demanded not to tell anyone about this.

• Before his death, Yesenin spent a month in a psychiatric clinic, at which time representatives of the Soviet government were looking for him under the pretext of saving Yesenin from alcoholism and sending him to a sanatorium. But they could not find the poet. On December 21, Yesenin left the clinic and settled in Angleterre, where on the 25th he was found dead.

Sergey Yesenin (1895 - 1925)

Russian poet, representative of the new peasant poetry and lyrics, and in a later period of creativity - imagism. He died at the age of 30, but during these small years he managed to do a lot for Russian literature.

Today we have written many interesting facts related to the life of the genius poet.

Facts from the life of Yesenin

Sergey Yesenin was born in the village of Konstantinovo, Kuzminskaya volost, Ryazan district, Ryazan province, into a peasant family.

In 1904, Yesenin went to the Konstantinovsky Zemstvo School, after which in 1909 he began his studies at the parish second-class teacher's school.

Sergei Yesenin graduated with honors from the zemstvo school, then the parish school. But it is interesting that while studying at Konstantinovo he was left for the second year in the 3rd grade due to bad behavior.

After graduating from high school, he went to work in a butcher shop.

In 1914, Yesenin's poems were first published in the children's magazine "Mirok".

In 1915, Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin decided to leave Moscow to conquer Petrograd.

In 1915-1917, Yesenin maintained friendly relations with the poet Leonid Kannegisser, who later killed the chairman of the Petrograd Cheka, Uritsky.

During the period of Yesenin's fascination with imagism, several collections of the poet's poems were published - "Treryadnitsa", "Confessions of a Hooligan" (both - 1921), "Brawler's Poems" (1923), "Moscow Tavern" (1924), the poem "Pugachev".

In 1924-1925, Yesenin visited Azerbaijan, published a collection of poems in the Krasny Vostok printing house, and was published in a local publishing house. There is a version that here, in May 1925, the poetic "Epistle to the Evangelist Demyan" was written.

In Baku, Yesenin stayed at the New Europe Hotel. He also lived in the village of Mardakan (a suburb of Baku). At present, his house-museum and a memorial plaque are located here.

Yesenin had 2 sisters: Shura and Katya. He was especially kind to Shura, the difference with which was at the age of 16. He called her Shurenko and Shurevna.

In 1924, Yesenin decided to break with Imagism because of disagreements with A. B. Mariengof. Sharply critical articles about him began to appear in newspapers, accusing him of drunkenness, debauchery, fights and other antisocial acts, although the poet's behavior (especially in last years life) sometimes himself gave grounds for this kind of criticism.

In 1924, several criminal cases were opened against Yesenin, mainly on charges of hooliganism; also known is the Case of Four Poets, connected with the accusation of Yesenin and his friends in anti-Semitic statements.

At the end of November 1925, Sophia Tolstaya agreed with the director of a paid neuropsychiatric clinic at Moscow University, Professor P. B. Gannushkin, to hospitalize the poet in his clinic. Only a few people close to the poet knew about this. On December 21, 1925, Yesenin left the clinic, canceled all powers of attorney at the State Publishing House, removed almost all the money from the savings account, and a day later left for Leningrad, where he stayed at No. 5 of the Angleterre Hotel.

Yesenin's poems sound even in the rap genre.

In the fall of 1921, in the workshop of GB Yakulov, Yesenin met the dancer Isadora Duncan, whom he married on May 2, 1922. At the same time, Yesenin did not speak English, and Duncan barely spoke Russian. Immediately after the wedding, Yesenin accompanied Duncan on tours across Europe (Germany, Belgium, France, Italy) and the USA. Their marriage was brief, and in August 1923 Yesenin returned to Moscow.

For the first time, Yesenin began to write poetry at the age of 5.

In 1923, Yesenin began an acquaintance with the actress Augusta Miklashevskaya, to whom he dedicated seven heartfelt poems from the "Hooligan's Love" cycle.

On December 28, 1925, Yesenin was found dead in the Leningrad hotel "Angleterre" by his friend G. F. Ustinov and his wife. His last poem - "Goodbye, my friend, goodbye ..." - according to the testimony of Wolf Ehrlich, was given to him the day before: Yesenin complained that there was no ink in the room, and he had to write with his own blood.

Yesenin's name in 2016 became the most popular among young people.

Yesenin was hostile to the Bolsheviks.

In 1995, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation issued a commemorative coin (2 rubles, silver, proof) in the series "Outstanding Personalities of Russia", dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of Sergei A. Yesenin.

On September 18, 1925, Yesenin married for the third (and last) time - to Sofya Andreyevna Tolstoy (1900-1957), the granddaughter of L.N. Tolstoy, at that time the head of the library of the Writers' Union. This marriage also did not bring happiness to the poet and soon fell apart.

Fedor Andreevich (Yesenin's grandfather) was strict with his grandson. From the age of five, the child learned to read. Spiritual literature served as a primer. His grandfather instilled in him a love of the book, became his guide to the world of poetry. Natalya Evteevna, grandmother, indulged in fairy tales and amazing stories.

At the time of Yesenin's death, his body was found hanged in a hotel. And until now it is not clear whether he was killed or committed suicide.

It is believed that it was Yesenin's alcoholism that became the basis of his departure from their life.

A year after Yesenin's death, Benislavskaya also shot herself at his grave.

Sergei Yesenin is one of the many Russian poets whose poems were used to make songs. IN different time songs based on Yesenin's poems were performed by Alexander Malinin ("Fun"), the Alpha group, Lyudmila Zykina ("Hear, the sleigh is racing"), Nadezhda Babkina ("The Golden Grove Dissuaded"), Galina Nenasheva "Birch", Nikolai Karachentsov ("Queen") , Oleg Pogudin, Nikita Dzhigurda, gr. Mongol Shuudan ("Moscow"), Vika Tsyganova, Zemfira and many others.

In the 1970s-1980s, versions arose about the murder of the poet, followed by a staged suicide of Yesenin (as a rule, OGPU officers are accused of organizing the murder). The contribution to the development of this version was made by the investigator of the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department, retired colonel Eduard Khlystalov.

Sergei Yesenin, who from his youth was fond of fist fights, was, according to the recollections of his contemporaries, a strong enough fighter who could actively resist the assassins who attacked him.

Imaginism (from Lat. Imago - image) is a literary trend in Russian poetry of the 20th century, whose representatives declared that the purpose of creativity is to create an image. The main expressive means of the Imagists is metaphor, often metaphorical chains, juxtaposing various elements of two images - direct and figurative. For creative practice Imagists are characterized by shocking, anarchic motives. The style and general behavior of Imagism was influenced by Russian Futurism. According to some researchers, the name goes back to English Imagism - the English-language poetry school.

In March 1915, Yesenin arrived in Petrograd, met with Blok, who highly appreciated the "fresh, clean, vociferous", albeit "wordy" verses of the "talented peasant poet-nugget", helped him, introduced him to writers and publishers.

Moscow State Museum of S. A. Yesenin - was opened on a voluntary basis in 1995 to the 100th anniversary of the poet's birth. In 1996 the museum received the status state institution culture. House number 24 on Bolshoy Strochenovsky Lane in Zamoskvorechye was Yesenin's only official address in Moscow - the poet lived and was registered there from 1911 to 1918.

In 2013, 611 squares, streets and lanes in cities and villages of Russia are named after Yesenin. There will be more of them today.

For many years, the poet's father, Alexander Nikitich, who worked as a senior clerk in a butcher's shop at the merchant N.V. Krylov, lived in the house that stood on this place. In 1911, it was here, to his father, who lived separately from his family, that young Yesenin came from the Ryazan village of Konstantinovo. The poet quickly quarreled with his father and fled from him, but a year later he registered in this house until 1918.

In 1975, the Ministry of Communications of the USSR issued an envelope with a portrait of S. A. Yesenin (artist A. Yar-Kravchenko).

Yesenin Park is a park in the Nevsky district of St. Petersburg, bounded by Bolshevikov Avenue, Dybenko Street, Podvoiskogo Street and Tovarishchesky Avenue, it is part of the Okkervil municipal district. On October 6, 2013, to the 118th birthday anniversary, a monument to Sergei Yesenin was solemnly unveiled in the park, and the Literators' alley was laid.

The house-museum of Sergei Yesenin and the street are in the village. Mardakian (Baku, Azerbaijan).

Poets of such a scale as Sergei Yesenin can be counted on one hand. At the same time, his poems, written mainly in a melancholic mood, brought him worldwide fame, although Yesenin enjoyed a peculiar reputation among his contemporaries, because not all of his poems today would have passed censorship.

1. Sergei Yesenin was born in the Ryazan province and graduated from a parish school in a nearby town. He stayed in third grade for his second year due to bad behavior.
2. His first poem is the future " peasant poet”Wrote at the age of 8.
3. After graduation, Yesenin left for Moscow, where he first worked in a butcher's shop, and then in a printing house. Already 2 years after his arrival in the capital, the poet published his poems for the first time.
4. When Yesenin was summoned to war, friends helped him to achieve an appointment on a military ambulance train under the auspices of the empress.
5. In 1917, Sergei Yesenin fell in love with actress Zinaida Reich, and soon the couple got married. The marriage lasted several years, and then the poet left his pregnant wife, who also raised their one and a half year old daughter. After the divorce, Reich remarried - director Vsevolod Meyerhold, who adopted and raised Yesenin's children, became her husband.
6. In 1922, Yesenin married the dancer Isadora Duncan, but the family soon fell apart.
7. The last wife of the poet was the granddaughter of Leo Tolstoy - at that time Sophia Tolstaya was in charge of the library of the Writers' Union. This wedding also did not make Yesenin happy, and the couple quickly separated.
8. In the last years of the poet's life, newspapers were full of exposing articles about him, which spoke of drunkenness, fights and Yesenin's rowdy. Unfortunately, most of this information was true.
9. Yesenin was involved in 4 criminal cases of hooliganism, in addition, the writer and his friends were accused of anti-Semitism.
10. Soviet officials were worried about the position of the poet - Dzerzhinsky wanted to send him to a sanatorium to recover from drunkenness, but his subordinate could not find Yesenin.
11. Only his wife managed to persuade Yesenin to go to a private neuropsychiatric clinic. Leaving there a month later, the poet withdrew all the money from his accounts and went to Leningrad, where he settled in the Angleterre hotel. In the fifth room of this hotel, he was found dead. According to the generally accepted version, he committed suicide under the influence of depression.
12. For some period of his life, Yesenin did not eat meat.
13. In 1995, Yesenin was featured on an Albanian postage stamp.
14. Yesenin's son from a civil union with Anna Izryadnova was shot in 1937 on a false charge: the informer claimed that the young man was preparing an attempt on Stalin's life.
15. Yesenin and another great poet, Vladimir Mayakovsky, publicly criticized each other and made derogatory remarks about the rival's poems, without hesitation in expressions. At the same time, it is known that both writers recognized each other's talent.
16. Yesenin's acquaintances claimed that the poet had two phobias - the fear of contracting syphilis and the fear of the police.