Day of the whale - this is the second name of the holiday World Day protection of mammals- The planet has celebrated every year on February 19 since 1986.
Forget earthly grief, selfish dreams.
Funny whales are walking in the blue sea.
They dance a dance, seen from afar
Green fountains storm the clouds ...
Alexander Gorodnitsky
What a kind, positive, optimistic poetic passage, isn't it? Meanwhile, the call that shines through in him and is addressed to all mankind has not been heard to this day. For some reason people do not want to admire noble animals - they want to kill.
In order to combat this problem, a holiday was established:
World day for the protection of marine mammals
history of the holiday
The reason for the establishment of the ecological date was a rather significant event for marine mammals: the official entry into force of a moratorium (ban) on whale fishing, which was documented back in 1982. The idea came from the International Whaling Commission.
Purpose of the law consisted in stopping the destruction of whales and other mammals of the sea, because the uncontrolled killing of innocent animals:
is a destructive force that interferes with natural ecosystems;
leads to the complete destruction of some species and the assignment of the status of rare to others.
By their actions, the leadership of the IWC believed, in all likelihood, once and for all to solve long-standing problems. In English, the name of the ecological date sounds like World Whale and Dolphin Day. Someone may find it strange the obvious presence of the word in it "dolphin".
However, the explanation for this fact is simple: cute creatures, along with porpoises and whales, belong to to the order of aquatic mammals Cetaceans.
The distinctive features of this category of animals are breathing through the lungs, warm-bloodedness and, of course, the ability to milk the offspring.
In our country, the World Day for the Protection of Marine Mammals began to be celebrated quite recently - only in 2002.
Russia needs this kind of ecological dates no less than other world states with access to the sea, because it has a sufficient number of warm-blooded aquatic inhabitants. This is not a dozen seals, dolphins, seals.
Live in the domestic seas and the main "heroes of the occasion" - whales.
The holiday is important, because many marine animals of Russia are listed in the Red Book in view of the constant danger of complete extinction. And the reason for this alignment is not so much the pollution of the environment and natural processes, as in the cruel, unreasonable human activity in relation to the defenseless "our smaller brothers."
Who is killing whales and why?
People know a whole galaxy of species of noblest animals, proudly called whales. Humpback whales, blue whales, beluga whales, sperm whales, minke whales- you can't list all of them. Each of the currently existing species is of great value, since it is, first of all, an integral part of nature. Unfortunately, humanity in any, the most beautiful phenomenon often sees only a way to make money ...
We have already said that the International Whaling Commission (IWC) introduced in the 80s. last century moratorium on whaling.
This prohibition did not apply only to killing in order to meet the food needs of Aboriginal people, catching whales for scientific experiments on animals with the permission of the IWC.
I must say that all these measures had a beneficial effect on the number of whale populations: many of them began to recover. However, there were dissatisfied with the actions of the ICC employees - Japanese.
Whaling in the Land of the Rising Sun arose around the 17th century. Of course, the locals did not want to lose a source of income that had existed for centuries. Therefore, from the moment the moratorium was introduced, Japanese whalers stood up to defend their interests. They attempted to formally revoke the IWC's ban by filing a protest, but the United States intervened, dampening the Asians' fervor.
As it turned out, only for a while: having stopped killing whales for commercial purposes, a year later the inhabitants of the “land of cherry blossoms” continued to perpetrate their previous blasphemy under the auspices of the so-called “scientific trade”.
For 18 years, the country has changed two programs, but disputes over the actions of Japanese representatives do not subside today.
Tell me, what kind of “scientific trade” is this, when whale meat is calmly devoured by both cheeks in local restaurants and freely sold in grocery stores?
Moreover, about 10 years ago, according to the IWC, almost a quarter of the implemented delicacies consisted of baleen whale meat, hunting for which is generally strictly prohibited.
To this day, Japan has stubbornly ignored the moratorium's rules, killing up to 1,000 marine individuals annually.
Russia is not sinless in this regard. She also made attempts to lift the ban on whale fishing. However, the domestic scale of killing is insignificant in comparison with the Japanese: only 150 gray whales per year - and the prey area is quite specific ( Chukotka Autonomous District).
By the way, activists continue to fight against whalers from the Land of the Rising Sun. Although, if you look closely, there is nothing illegal in their actions. The IWC charter states that disagreement with a document prohibiting the destruction of whales is the full right of this or that state.
In addition to Japan, the moratorium is rejected Iceland and Norway... Another thing is that it is inhuman ...
Save the dolphins!
If the whale fishing reluctantly is still somehow possible to understand and accept, then what is happening on The Faroe Islands, which belong to prosperous Denmark, are terrifying. There, on the land of the mighty Vikings, the "good-natured" locals organize a bloody massacre every spring, the victims of which are the black dolphins of the grinda.
They do it for fun, although they explain it by observing an ancient tradition. The barbaric ritual is performed by the male Faroese, while representatives of all ages, of any sex become witnesses of the mass murder of innocent animals - and, mind you, absolutely voluntarily.
They do not even hide that they get pleasure from the contemplation of this nightmare. The worst thing in all this is the absolute approval of the Danish government, as well as the indifference and complete inaction of organizations for the protection and protection of animals.
Defense Fund wildlife WWF refused to take part in the fate of dolphins, citing lack of competence in this matter. IN "Greenpeace" stated about the same: the grinds are not on the verge of total annihilation.
Currently bloggers collect signatures against the killing of dolphins in the Faroes within the framework of a group specially created for this. Everyone can leave their autograph there too.
In addition, anyone who is not indifferent to the fate of the grinds has the opportunity to support the organization. Sea Shepherd, dealing with this problem.
This is the most The best way Join the celebration of World Marine Mammal Day.
Long live humanity!
Bandurina Kristina, grade 9, MBOU-OOSh s. Lvovka Arkadaksky Saratovskaya district region
On February 19, the whole world celebrates World Whale Day. This day is considered the day of protection not only for whales, but also for all marine mammals. It began in 1986, when, after 200 years of ruthless extermination, the International Whale Commission imposed a ban on whaling. It is still in effect now, and means that hunting for large whales, as well as the trade of whale meat, is prohibited throughout the world.
Download:
Preview:
To use the preview of presentations, create yourself an account ( account) Google and log into it: https://accounts.google.com
Slide captions:
February 19 Day of Protection of Marine Mammals Prepared by a student of the 9th grade MBOU-OOSh s. Lvovka, Arkadak district, Saratov region Bandurina Kristina. Head, biology teacher Kosheleva Lidia Anatolyevna
Marine fauna The marine fauna is the kingdom of many millions of living creatures. Those who at least once had to descend into the depths of the sea were amazed by the charming beauty and forms. underwater world... Amazing fish, fabulous algae, creatures that are sometimes difficult to distinguish from plants.
Hunting for big whales and whale meat trade are prohibited. The ban came into effect on February 19, 1986.
Save Endangered Marine Mammals! Save whales, dolphins, seals from the hunters! The sea cows were knocked out In the world for the sake of profit - They do not bite And they are poorly protected. The whales, faithful to their habits, Do not attack first. And, although they are huge, But at sea they are very modest. Today I want to say: Let people take care of those who swim in the sea - Today this is the main thing. Elena Shvetsova
On February 19, the whole world celebrates World Whale Day. This day is considered the day of protection not only for whales, but also for all marine mammals. It began in 1986, when, after 200 years of ruthless extermination, the International Whale Commission imposed a ban on whaling. It is still in effect today and means that hunting for large whales, as well as the trade of whale meat, is prohibited throughout the world.
International Whale Commission This Day was established in 1986, this year came into force a moratorium on whale fishing, introduced by the International Whale Commission (IWC). This moratorium is still in effect.
Decline in the number of whales A decline in the number of whales and other marine animals leads to disruption of the biological balance in marine ecosystems.
Whale Sanctuary In 1994, a whale sanctuary was established in Antarctic waters, and now international non-governmental organizations are working to ensure that the waters of the world's oceans be declared a world whale sanctuary, or world whale park.
Marine mammals unite animals of different length and body weight. Here you can find small seals and dolphins weighing less than 50 kg, and large ones, such as a blue whale, whose weight can reach 160 tons. Whales, dolphins and seals are a peculiar group of marine animals that have adapted well to the external environment.
They have adapted to living in different climatic zones - arctic and antarctic, boreal and even subtropical. They can be found singly, in small scattered groups and large herds.
Currently, the greatest threat is threatened by the Okhotsk-Korean population of gray whales living in the waters of the Sea of Okhotsk.
Gray whales feed on benthic animals. Amphipods play an important role in the feeding of whales, annelids and molluscs, fish play a secondary role. The ability of whales to loosen sandy-muddy soil with a keeled ridge allows animals to get food objects that are buried in the surface layers. At the beginning of the 20th century, the number of the Okhotsk-Korean gray whale population in the Sea of Japan was approximately 2.5-3 thousand individuals (Sobolevsky, 1984). The current population size is about 10 times lower and is estimated at 250 animals.
Will gray whales remain off the coast of Sakhalin or disappear altogether? Today this question is asked by many residents of Sakhalin and the Kuriles. It is known that unique animals - gray whales - are listed in the Red Book. They were mercilessly exterminated, starting in the 16th century, first by Japanese, and then by European, American and Korean whaling ships. At the end of the 19th century, according to scientists, their number before the start of fishing did not exceed 2,000. And although in 1946 the International Whaling Commission took the gray whale under its protection and banned its fishing, many ignored the law. By the end of the 1960s, the gray whale population was considered almost extinct, however, the sea giants managed to survive. In the 1980s, they were discovered offshore Sakhalin.
Day of Whales Day of Whales is to draw the attention of all mankind to the issues of protecting this unique species of animals and in general all marine mammals, of which only 119 species have survived on our planet. Each extinct species is an irreplaceable loss - everything that disappears in the animal kingdom disappears forever.
In Russia, the Day for the Protection of Marine Mammals In Russia, the Day for the Protection of Marine Mammals has been celebrated since 2002. Several dozen species of whales, dolphins, fur seals and seals live in the seas of our country, many of which are endangered and are listed in the Red Book Russian Federation and the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Whale Sleeping on the waves swaying A very nice blue whale. It is huge, the most daring in the ocean. He drinks water, eats a planton, That's why he is strong. D. Rum Kit is a wonderful symbol of life at sea, large and powerful, but at the same time defenseless. And it is important to remember this ...
The whale lives in the ocean, The width of the ship. Like an island it is huge. And the whale is cold to the touch. O. Efimova To be as big as a whale, You need a good appetite. The whale weighs tens of tons! I like him very much. Have you seen a thin whale? So that the belly does not stick out, So that the skin was and bones? Quit looking for the bad! It is easy for Kit to become powerful- He drinks from the cradle mo-lo-cooo! T. Gette
B. Zakhoder Whale spends his whole life in water, Although he is not a fish. He eats in the sea and sleeps in the sea, For which thanks to him: It would be cramped on land From such a huge carcass.
World Whale and Dolphin Day. Every year on July 23, our planet celebrates the World Day of Whales and Dolphins. This holiday was established in 1986, when the International Whaling Commission, after 200 years of merciless extermination, imposed a ban on whale fishing. The ban means that whale hunting and trade in whale meat is prohibited throughout the world.
Whale fishing Whale fishing is not the only threat to these animals. Another major factor in the extinction of whales, dolphins and other marine mammals is their capture for dolphinariums, aquariums and circuses. The day, February 19, is considered the day of protection not only for whales, but also for all marine mammals.
February 19 - World Whale Day Every year, on this day, various conservation groups and organizations hold actions and demonstrations to protect whales and other marine mammals. Often, environmentalists unite and devote this day to the protection of one unique species that is in mortal danger or extinction.
Thanks for attention!
February 19 is World Whale Day, which is also considered the day of protection for all other marine mammals. World Whale Day has been celebrated since 1986, when the International Whaling Commission (IWC) banned whaling. Currently, only the fishing of whales is permitted solely to meet the needs of the indigenous population, as well as the removal of whales for scientific purposes with special permission from the governments - members of the IWC.
“WE SHOULD RELATE TO ANIMALS DIFFERENTLY - WITH GREAT UNDERSTANDING, AND MAYBE WITH BLESSING. MAN HAS LOST CONTACT WITH NATURE, BUILD HIS LIFE ON CYTHROMY AND INventiveness. WE TREAT ABOVE ANIMALS, BELIEVING THAT THEIR FATE WILL BE SORRY: IN COMPARISON WITH US THEY ARE VERY IMPROVED. BUT WE ARE LOOKING OUT! " “Animals are not our lesser brothers and not poor relatives, they are other peoples, who have fallen with us, into the web of life, into the network of time; the same as we are prisoners of earthly splendor and earthly suffering. " Henry Beston
The most, the most ... the most difficult; make the loudest sound; whales have the largest brains (up to 8 kg); they can go without food for 2/3 years; they may not sleep for up to 3 months; whales are able to stay under water for up to 40 minutes; whales are herd animals; it is the only mammal that sings;
Whales have the largest brains. Whales may not sleep for three months, not eat for eight, not breathe for up to two hours, and at the same time travel gigantic distances of up to several thousand kilometers. Whales constantly listen because they have no sense of smell and poor vision.
Humpback Whale Humpback whales sometimes swim up to and play around the ships themselves. Therefore, in most photographs, these whales are very playful. Gorbach is a slow-moving whale, its speed does not exceed km / h. Therefore, the natural enemies of humpback whales are killer whales and great white sharks. They are especially dangerous for cubs, since they are still completely defenseless, as well as for weak and sick individuals.
Blue whale This is the largest creature that has ever lived on earth! Its weight sometimes reaches 200 tons, and its length is 33 meters. This is truly a huge animal, just a giant. The speed of the blue whale is 9-13 km / h. If the whale is frightened or runs away, it develops a speed of 25 km / h and releases small fountains every 30 seconds.
During the day, the blue whale eats about 1 ton of krill - small crustaceans. This is about 1 million calories, that is, one whale needs as much food per day as 830 schoolchildren! Swimming through the krill colony, whales swallow colossal masses of these crustaceans, along with hundreds of tons of water. The krill are then filtered with a tongue that acts as a piston that propels water through the huge sieve-like structures (whalebone) hanging from the sky. The thickness of the tongue of a blue whale is more than 3 m, and the weight of the tongue is greater than the weight of an elephant!
Prefers open seas, lives alone or in pairs. Gives up to 5 fountains at a time. Dives for a period from half a minute to 12 minutes. Grazing sei whales move slowly, about 5 km / h, but frightened whales reach speeds of up to 50 km / h. Seyval food is diverse: crustaceans, fish (saury, sardine, smelt, gerbil), squid, octopus, cuttlefish. High speed movement allows saves to avoid attacks by killer whales.
Gray whale habitats are located along the coast in shallow water areas. They feed on organisms living on the ground and in the ground at depths of 5-50 m. The gray whale scoops them up together with the silty masses and filters them through a very rough and hard filtering apparatus. After feeding gray whales, numerous feeding pits remain at the bottom, 2.5 m long, 1.5 m wide and 10 cm deep. One gray whale leaves up to 6 digging holes at the bottom during one dive.
Narwhal is called a unicorn for one unique feature. The fact is that in male narwhal a very long, up to three meters long, straight thin "horn" sticks out of the head. In fact, this is not a horn, but a tooth, just greatly enlarged. It grows on the left side of the jaw and, surprisingly, is twisted, always counterclockwise. Narwhals with two "horns" are very rare.
Use of cetaceans by man The waxy substance in the whale's head was used to make cosmetics, candles, perfumes, ointments; margarine, lubricants, glycerin, soap, washing powder were made from subcutaneous fat; springs for sofas, brushes, fans were made from whalebone; manufactured drugs (for example, insulin); as well as printing ink, gelatin, glue and much more; meat as a food product;
Whales do not cry, dying, But they die in silence, Silently dispersing waves, And going to the depths. They are like icebergs mighty. They are like mountains are great. More formidable than any gray cloud, But like children, old people They are helpless and pitiful. Children with their backs barred, They will take a harpoon and sticks, They will destroy the ancient reef. Protecting their babies, the Whales replace fear with anger ... Whales do not cry, dying, Whales are submissive to silence. Nadezhda Pinchuk
Materials used: 1. Victor Sheffer. "Year of the Whale". 2. Christopher Ash. "The eye of the whale". 3.D.G. Lilly. "Cetaceans". 4. N.A. Makintosh. "Stocks of whales". 5.F.S. Fraser. Whales and Whaling. 6.D.Sluyper. "Whales". 7._kita 8.zashhity-kitov.htmlhttp: // zashhity-kitov.html
World Marine Mammal Day or Whale Day has been celebrated for 29 years. On February 19, 1986, the International Whaling Commission (IWC), after 200 years of ruthless extermination of sea giants, banned the commercial fishing of large whales and the trade in their meat. At present, within the waters of the IWC member countries, whale hunting is permitted only to meet the needs of the indigenous population.
However, in a number of countries that are not members of the IWC, fishing for marine mammals is still the basis of the economic structure of coastal residents. So, Grenada, Dominican Republic, Saint Lucia and other states continue to whale. A number of whale-hunting countries (Iceland, Greenland, Norway, the Faroe Islands and parts of Canada) have established the North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission – a separate organization that oversees the hunting of whales and seals.
The seas of our country are inhabited by several dozen species of whales, dolphins, fur seals and seals, many of which are endangered and listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and the International Union for Conservation of Nature, including the gray whale. A limited hunt for the gray whale is carried out by the indigenous peoples of Chukotka, for whom this type of fishing is a source of subsistence.
To protect rare animals in reserves and national parks of Russia, where there are sea areas, a special environmental regime has been created.
For example, more than 20 species of marine mammals live in the Kronotsky Reserve and the South Kamchatka Federal Reserve. Among them there are species listed in the Red Book of Russia and protected in a number of foreign countries. These are gray whales, sea lions, sea otters, anthurs and others. Every year, the migration routes of gray whales pass through the waters of the Kronotsky Nature Reserve (Olga Bay) and the South Kamchatka Federal Wildlife Refuge (Vestnik Bay), which are areas of summer animal feeding. In the water area of the Kronotsky Nature Reserve, there is also the only reproductive breeding ground for sea lions, numbering about 400 individuals off the coast of Kamchatka. Up to 100 cubs are born there annually.
Thanks to the special protection regime in the Kronotsky Nature Reserve and the South Kamchatka Federal Wildlife Refuge, the sea otter population has been fully restored. Because of its valuable fur, this animal has become the object of uncontrolled fishing inXIX century and was practically destroyed.
Fishing is prohibited on the Commander Islands secured territory has been installed within a 30-mile strip of sea water along the coast since 1958. In the coastal waters of the archipelago, 21 species of cetaceans have been recorded, of which 11 are listed in the Red Data Books of Russia and Kamchatka. In addition, there are about 70 breeding grounds of true seals (anthura and seals) and four large breeding grounds for eared seals on the islands. The number of northern fur seals alone is over 150 thousand individuals. The total number of sea lions is about 500 individuals, real seals - more than three thousand heads, sea otters - up to three thousand.
In the territory national park"Russian Arctic" is guarded by polar bears, walruses, seals, harp seals. In the nature reserve of federal significance "Franz Josef Land" - habitat and migration routes of bowhead whale, sea unicorn - narwhal, beluga whale.
In order to preserve marine life, public attention is constantly drawn to the problems of their existence, and on February 19, environmental organizations carry out all kinds of actions in defense of their "wards".
So, in the Darwin Museum in Moscow, a photo exhibition "Our neighbors - walruses, seals, polar bears" opened, dedicated to animals living in the eternal cold of the Arctic and Antarctic. Its visitors will be able not only to see unique photographs, but also to learn new facts from the life of these mammals. The organizer of the project is the Council for Marine Mammals.
The Museum of the World Ocean in Kaliningrad hosts an amazing in its content exhibition "The Lord of Ice". Its authors, Nikita Ovsyanikov and Irina Menyushina, are professional zoologists who have devoted their lives to the study of animals in the Arctic.
In the Commander Reserve on this day,
Which is also considered the day of protection of all marine mammals. The holiday has been celebrated since 1986, when the International Whaling Commission (IWC) imposed a ban on whaling.
The seas and oceans of the Earth were mastered by marine mammals long before the appearance of humans. The history of cetaceans begins in the Eocene era, 55 million years ago.
Cetaceans (Cetacea) are a group of aquatic mammals, which include whales, dolphins and porpoises. Whales breathe air with their lungs, are warm-blooded and
The blue whale is the largest creature on Earth, its weight can reach 150-200 tons. The whale is a wonderful symbol of life at sea, large and powerful, but at the same time quite defenseless.
International cooperation in the regulation of whaling began in 1931. A number of agreements have been adopted. The most important was the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (ICRW), adopted in 1946. As part of the convention, the International Whaling Commission was established on December 2, 1946 in Washington, DC to develop recommendations for member countries based on the activities of a special scientific committee.
Despite the activities of the IWC, the killing of whales reached a huge scale in the 60s of the twentieth century. They were exterminated for the sake of whale meat, whale ambergris, and whale oil.
In 1972, the United States passed the Marine Mammal Protection Act, which banned the production and import of marine mammals and their products. In the same year, the United Nations Conference on the environment proposed a ten-year moratorium on whale hunting. This initiative was initially not supported by the ICC, but pressure from the public and environmental organizations eventually had an effect. On 23 July 1982, IWC members voted to adopt a moratorium on all commercial whaling from the 1985-1986 season. As the majority of IWC member countries defended the remaining whales in the 1980s and 1990s, countries wishing to continue whaling in the North Atlantic, that is Norway, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland and Canada, created their own a similar organization is the North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission.
Japan, although it joined the convention, demanded a quota for scientific fishing, which is still a matter of much controversy. Opponents of the program argue that its true goal is to harvest whale meat for Japanese restaurants and supermarkets. In 1994, the IWC reported the results of research on whale meat and fat sold in Japan in 1993. The study showed that 10-25% of the samples belonged to the species of baleen whales, the fishing of which was prohibited by the IWC.
In Russia, the whaling commission gave indulgences for the sake of the Chukotka aborigines, for whom whale meat remains an important part of the diet.
Currently, only indigenous whaling is permitted exclusively to meet the needs of the indigenous population, as well as the removal of whales for scientific purposes with special permits from the IWC member governments.
The ICC includes 89 countries, including Russia.
The main task of the IWC: tracking and, if necessary, adjusting the measures indicated in the annex to the Convention and regulating whaling in the world.
Among other things, these measures are aimed at a complete ban on the capture of certain cetacean species; the designation of some areas of the world's oceans as "whale sanctuaries"; setting quotas for cetacean hunting; setting limits on the size of whales caught; opening and closing of whaling seasons and areas; the prohibition of the extraction of calves feeding on mother's milk, and of female whales with their calves.
Despite the fact that the hunting of whales is prohibited by the laws of many countries, the destruction of these animals does not stop. In addition, man, through his activities, has long negatively influenced nature, changing it. For example, fishing gear, as well as pollution of the oceans with oil products due to the expansion of the geography of oil production on the sea shelf, cause great losses to marine mammals.
This state of affairs does not suit the defenders of marine mammals and all people who are not indifferent to the future of the planet. For the preservation of marine life, public attention is drawn to this problem. In many countries, there are clubs and societies for lovers of these animals, marine reserves are being created, where nothing threatens their lives. And directly on February 19, various conservation groups, environmental organizations and the public are holding all kinds of actions to protect whales and other marine mammals, information events. Often, ecologists unite and devote this day to the protection of one unique species that is in danger of extinction.
In Russia, February 19 has been celebrated since 2002 and is of particular importance, since several dozen species of whales, dolphins, seals live in the seas of our country, many of which are endangered.
In order to preserve the Okhotsk-Korean population of gray whales, the Russian Ministry of Natural Resources established an Interdepartmental Working Group in 2009, which continuously monitors the population and controls compliance with environmental standards in the development and production of oil and gas on the Sakhalin shelf in animal habitats. One of the tasks of the Working Group is to implement a satellite tagging program for the Okhotsk-Korean gray whale to study its migration routes. The Ministry has approved a multi-year program of scientific research of the population.
The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources
