Today we will apply the knowledge we have already gained. Our vocabulary allows us to move on to reading texts. Let small, but still texts. They will contain personal information and information about family members. Before we start working with the text, here is a little reminder of how to read the text effectively and profitably:

How to work with text:

1. Review the text for new words. If you have met any, then you need to find their translation and pronunciation (transcription) in the dictionary.
2. Write down all the new words in your dictionary and learn.
3. Read the text. Try to understand what in question, catch main idea. Perhaps you missed some new words, then you need to go back to working with the dictionary.
4. Translate the text. Try to ensure that your translation is not literal, but a high-quality solid text. To achieve this, translation can be done in writing and edited.
5. Mark phonetic features in the text that you should pay attention to. (for example, do not deafen voiced consonants at the end of words or practice the pronunciation of the sound [θ].
6. Read the text again according to your notes. Don't try to read quickly. First of all, you need to take care of the correct pronunciation of words. When this goal is achieved, then it will be possible to work on the speed of reading. If audio is attached to the text, listen to the speaker and repeat after him. This will help you get rid of your Russian accent. Read the text until the moment when your speech becomes similar to the speech of the announcer. For comparison, you can record yourself on a voice recorder and listen to the recording. It will also help you spot pronunciation errors.

Now let's move on to the text itself:

My name is Emily Brown. I am fifteen and I am a student. My family and I live in California, in the USA. My favorite singer is Justin Bieber, he's American too.
My mom's name is Janette. She's thirty-five and she's a housewife. Her favorite film is Titanic and her favorite actor is Leonardo DiCaprio.
My dad is Peter, he's thirty-nine. He's a businessman. His favorite sportsman is David Beckham.
My sister's name is Kristie. She's eleven, she's a student too. Her favorite actress is Angelina Jolie and her favorite singer is Miley Cyrus.

Possessive

You are already familiar with possessive pronouns and you can easily say "my friend", "our home", etc. But what if the owner is called not by a pronoun, but by a name? There is a simple rule for this:

If the object is animate and is in the singular, then at the end we add 's.
For example: Jane's cat, dog's tail, boy's car

However, if the word already ends in s, then we add an apostrophe after the word.
For example: Charles' cat

If the object is animate and is in the plural, then the apostrophe is also placed after the end. If the plural of the word is formed according to other rules (the word exception), then we add ’ s.
For example: girls' dresses, tourists' buses, men's shoes, children's toys

If the object is not animate, then after it we put of.
For example: the leaves of the tree, the cover of the book

Verbs have got and has got

The verb have is translated into Russian as “to have, to possess”, respectively, we use it when we want to say that we have something or don’t have something, and also ask our interlocutor about the presence of this or that object. The verb has is its variation and is used in the third person singular (that is, the pronouns he, she it).

I have got(I' ve got)*
he has got(he' s got)
she has got(she' s got)
it has got(it' s got)
we have got(we' ve got)
you have got(you' ve got)
they have got(they' ve got)

* The abbreviated form is given in brackets

To create a negation, we need to insert the negative particle not after the verb have or has, followed by got.

I haven't got
he hasn't got
she hasn't got
it hasn't got
we haven't got
you haven't got
they haven't got

For a question, we put the verb have or has first, followed by the pronoun, got, and the rest of the sentence.

Have I got?
Has he got?
Has she got?
Has it got?
Have we got?
Have you got?
Have they got?

Examples :
I have got a brother. - I have a brother.
John has got a girlfriend. John has a girlfriend.
They haven't got money. - They don't have money.
Mary hasn't got a pen. Mary doesn't have a pen.
Have you got grandparents? - Do you have grandparents?
Has it got a name? Does he/she/it have a name?

Tasks for the lesson

1. Write a story about your family. Don't forget to mention the names, ages and favorite movies/actors/singers/athletes of your family members.
2. Translate the phrases:

Peter's cat, girls' dolls, boys' books, Rose's dog horse tail, dog food, children's shoes, granny's hat, Jane's bag, Anna's son.

3. Insert have got or has got, and then change these sentences into negative and interrogative ones.
1. You …two apples.
2. John … a book.
3. They … a brother.
4. He … a sister.
5. I … friends.
6. We … a house.
7. The teacher … a car.
8. They … watches.
9. Black … a helicopter.
10. You … a bicycle.

Answer 2:
Peter's cat
girls' dolls
boys' books
Rose's dog
horse's tail
dog's food
children's shoes - children's shoes
grandmother's hat
Jane's bag
Anna's son

• You have got two apples. You haven't got two apples. Have you got two apples?
• John has got a book. John hasn't got a book. Has John got a book?
• They have got a brother. They haven't got a brother. Have they got a brother?
• He has got a sister. He hasn't got a sister. Has he got a sister?
• I have got I haven't got friends. Have I got friends?
• We have got a house. We haven't got a house. Have we got a house?
• The teacher has got a car. The teacher hasn't got a car. Has teacher got a car?
• They have got They haven't got watches. Have they got watches?
• Black has got a helicopter. Mr. Black hasn't got a helicopter. Has Mr. Black got a helicopter?
• You have got a bicycle. You haven't got a bicycle. Have you got a bicycle?

Verb to have- one of the most commonly used English language. It can act as an auxiliary, semantic or modal. Also, with its help, many constructions and stable expressions are formed.

Education and use

In the simple present tense, that is present simple(or Indefinite), there are two forms of the verb: has, have. Use has limited to the third person singular. In other cases, the word remains unchanged. V past simple the verb takes the form had.

A table will help to understand the education scheme in more detail.

To have as a semantic verb

The meaning of this word is "to have, to possess". It is most often translated into Russian by turns "I have", "he has", etc.

1. An affirmative sentence. Word order in affirmative proposal standard: subject, predicate, and then definitions, objects or circumstances.

• He has a highly readable book. - He has an exciting book.
• She has a large library. - She has a big library.
• He had a beautiful picture - still life. - He had beautiful picture- still life.
• She has a cozy house with fireplace. - She has a cozy house with a fireplace.

2. Interrogative. The question can be formed as with the help of an auxiliary verb to do in the past tense, and without it. In cases where the sentence is constructed without a semantic verb is put in front. If there is an auxiliary verb, the question begins with it.

• Has she a yarn for knitting? Does she have yarn for knitting?
• Had she a mauve dress? Did she have a mauve dress?
• Did he have an easel and oil colors? - Did he have oil paints and an easel?

Variant with verb to do more usable.

3. Negation is formed using the particle not, and in the presence of uncountable nouns or plural the pronoun any also appears.

• I haven "t a scetchbook (any scetchbooks). - I don't have a sketchbook(s) for sketching.
• We hadn "t any desire to go there. - We did not have a single desire to go there.

Also, negation can be formed using to do in combination with the particle not. That is do not(for pronouns I, you, we, they) and does not for the third person (he, she, it). In an abbreviated version, the verb with a particle takes on the following form: don't and doesn't have in the present tense and didn't in the past.

• I don "t have any questions. - I have no questions.

Another way to form a negative sentence is with no.

• She has no sketchbook. She doesn't have a sketchbook.
• He has no desire to swim. - He has no desire to swim.

Features of the use of "have got"

This is a colloquial version, an analogue of the word to have as a semantic verb. That is, the concepts of "have" and "possess" can be conveyed through the construction have got or has got. This is the same as has, have. The use of this turnover has some features:

• have got: the use of this form is only in the present tense.
• This turnover is used only when it comes to a one-time action. For multiple, regular and recurring events, the main verb without "got" is used.
  
• The negative and interrogative forms are also different.
• As for the phrase has got, its use is similar to has: in combination with the pronouns he, she, it.

Comparative characteristics are presented in the table.

She hasn "t got any skeetchbooks. - She has no sketchbooks.

To have as an auxiliary verb

It acts as an auxiliary verb in all tenses of the Perfect group and Perfect Continuous.

Perfect tenses indicate the result, not the fact of the action.

• She has opened the window. - She opened the window.
• He has not closed the window. - He didn't close the window.
• Have they opened the window? - Did they open the window?

Perfect Continuous times imply a process that lasted until a certain point or over a specified period of time.

The affirmative sentence in the present tense implies the use of have been + doing (smth).

• She has been waiting for them for an hour. She has been waiting for them for an hour.
• He has been playing the piano since 6 o "clock. - He has been playing the piano since six o'clock.
• How long has she been teaching English? How long has she been teaching English?

Have to as a modal verb

This modal verb is very common in English. Use have to has some features.

Constructions are formed as follows: modal verb + infinitive + particle to.

Unlike the verb must, which conveys an obligation due to an internal impulse to action, a construction with have to expresses a necessity due to some external circumstances. It is usually translated into Russian with the following words: must, had to, forced, etc.

• She has to work a lot. - She has to work hard.
• He had to get up at 5 o "clock. - He had to get up at 5.
• She will have to study four languages. - She will have to master 4 languages.

Also, this modal verb is widely used in Russian translated "should be."

• The book has to be sent by post today. - The book should be mailed today.
• The landscape has to be painted tomorrow. The landscape needs to be painted tomorrow.

Interrogative and negative forms are formed with to do.

• Do you have to do homework? - Do you have to do your homework?
• We don "t have to write this book. - We don't have to write this book.

When negated between modal verbs must and have to there is a significant difference:

1. "Do not have to" implies that it is not desirable to do this, it is not necessary.
2. "Mustn"t" conveys a categorical prohibition.

• You don "t have to read this letter. - You don't have to read this letter.
• You mustn "t read this letter. - You are forbidden to read this letter.

Constructions with the verb to have

There are many constructions in which the verb can lose its original meaning. Such revolutions are translated by a single concept.

1. Design to have in combination with the noun and This turnover implies that the action is not performed by the person in question, but by someone else for him or instead of him.

• She has her hair done at that hairdresser "s. - She does (she does) her hair at that hairdresser's.
• He "ll has his portrait painted in the near future. - His portrait will be painted in the near future.
• He had his grand piano attuned the day before yesterday. The piano was tuned for him the day before yesterday.

The interrogative and negative forms of this phrase are formed with the help of the auxiliary verb to do.

• Do you have your violin attuned? - Has your violin been tuned?
• I don "t have my musical instrument attuned. - My musical instrument has not been tuned.

2. The construction of a verb in combination with a noun and an infinitive. With this construction, you can convey the intention to do something.

• She has something to do. - She wants to do something.
• He had an interesting story to tell you. He wanted to tell you an interesting story.

Question and negation are built without the auxiliary verb to do.

• Has she anything to tell us? Does she want to tell us something?
• He has not (hasn "t) anything to tell. - He has nothing to tell.

Set expressions with a verb

Set expressions are phrases that are perceived as a whole. Such constructions are not translated literally, but convey a single meaning. The following are a few topics in which there are many stable phrases with the verb has, have. The use of these turns is a common phenomenon in the English language.

Food and drink

Communication and relationships between people

daily activities

Relaxation and entertainment

Use of the verb have very versatile. This is one of the few verbs that can act as full-valued (that is, semantic), auxiliary or modal. In addition, in combination with some nouns, it forms stable expressions. To master this topic well, it is important to practice using verbs. has, have. The use of these words is simple and clear, but should be brought to automatism so that when speaking in English you do not have to think.

Verb " to have"(own) in English is used in quite different situations and can be translated into Russian in different ways. In this article you will learn the main situations when this verb is used. You will also learn about the verb " have got", which also means "to own".

verb to have

• To have - the main verb used to indicate ownership (property) of something (not only material), the properties of something (or its characteristics), kinship or connection, for example, the quality of one thing in relation to another:

I have a cat. → U Eat me cat.
I have a lot of free time these days. → Now at Eat me) a lot of free time.

Dmitry has a sister in France. → Dmitry there is sister in France.

He has three books by Hemingway. → He It has/U eat it three books by Hemingway.
She has fair hair. → She has blonde hair.

• Verb " to have" is also used to refer to a large number actions, here are some of them (the main thing is to understand the meaning, not to be scared and think "how to translate this"):

have a bath, wash, shower, etc → take a bath (lie in it), do laundry, take a shower (under running water), etc.
have → have breakfast, lunch, dinner.

have fun → have fun, "have fun".
have time available → have time for something.

have questions → have a question.
have a party → have a party.

have a walk, hike, ride, etc. → walking, hiking, riding, etc.
have a discussion, fight, argument, etc. → discuss, fight, approve...

Examples:

I usually have breakfast at seven o'clock. → Usually, I having breakfast at seven o'clock.

Anna is having a bath at the moment (time). → Anna now taking a bath.

• Used as . It is easy to identify by the design " have to". Here he expresses the requirement to perform (yet) some routine action (but not always). Often it is used by native speakers, as an action that carries a responsibility, duty .

This form " have"also has a similar meaning to the modal verb" must"- in a conversation about duties, native speakers prefer to use it (for example: I must talk to Peter. It's important). "

Verb " must"used when they want to say about very serious for the speaker(or if it is customary to consider them as such) duties (for example: I must feed my family).

A few examples:

They have to work hard on Saturdays (routine for them). → On Saturdays they must Hard to work.
I have to return books to the school library. → I must return books to the school library.

I must be rich (very important for the speaker). → I must to be rich.
I must defend my homeland. → I must defend your homeland.

verb have got

• verb "have got" more characteristic of British English. It also serves to indicate the possession (property) of something (not only material), the property of something (or its characteristics), kinship or connection. For instance:

He has got some friends in London. → He has some friends in London

Anna has got three sisters. → Anna has three sisters.

I have got a new car. → I have new car.

Americans also sometimes use " have got"but more often" got" or simply " (to) have" (consider it analogous/synonymous - it's easier that way).

I had a copy of that book. (). → I had copy of that book.

I have got a copy of that book. (). → I have copy of that book.

• The penultimate significant difference is the reduction. Verb " have" has no abbreviations, for example, you cannot say "I've a red bicycle" only "I have a red bicycle". have got"on the contrary, has abbreviations (in affirmation and negation):

I' ve got a red bicycle (I have got a red bicycle). → I have Red bicycle.

She hasn't got a dog (she has not got a dog). → She has no dog.

• And the last main difference, where confusion often arises, is the negative and interrogative constructions of these two verbs.

You can see these differences in the picture below. I'll just say " have got" does not need help (in this case, "do", because I remind you that "have got" is used in the present simple (Present Simple))

Since, according to the school curriculum, we have traditionally studied British English, it is still of paramount importance. On the other hand, the language of the Internet is more Americanized, so we should pay attention to this.

The verbs to have and have got behave differently in some circumstances, and the former is used more frequently in American English. To avoid confusion, let's look at the options from the point of view of the British.

verb to have

The verb to have means possession of something and is used mainly when it emphasizes the regularity of owning something, using something, or performing some procedure.

She usually has expensive cars. She usually has expensive cars.

I sometimes have coffee in a café. I sometimes drink coffee in a cafe.

I have a holiday in summer. I have holidays in the summer.

At present there are three forms of the verb to have - having, have and has, and the last of them is used only with the third person singular of nouns.

Having is the present participle or Participle I In addition, the verb to have is irregular and has the form had in the simple past tense. He has the same form of the past participle ( Participle II).

We are having dinner now. Now we are having lunch.

verb have got

There are only two forms of the verb have got - have got and has got, since it is not used in the past tense. Examples:

My nephew has got a turtle. My nephews have a turtle.

John has not got any siblings. John has no sisters or brothers.

Have you got a marker for a whiteboard. Do you have a whiteboard marker?

The verb have got is used in the sense when it refers to the possession of an object or some quality “here and now”. If a brother remains a brother, then today or tomorrow you may not have a fountain pen. Here are some examples of questions and short answers:

Have you got a sister-in-law? Yes, I have. Do you have a half sister? Yes, I have.

Have you got a sheet of paper? No, I haven "t. Do you have a sheet of paper? No.

You can use these sentences with the verb to have and with auxiliary verb do.

Do you have a sister-in-law? Yes, I do.

Do you have a sheet of paper? no? I don't.

These sentences are translated in exactly the same way.

Also, the verb to have in English can have the role of an auxiliary, by analogy with modal verbs. Examples:

She has a cold. She has a cold.

Has she a cold? Does she have a cold?

She hasn't a cold. She doesn't have a cold.

On the other hand, it is in the role of a modal verb that he "brings confusion" to the ranks of English learners. Example:

Pat has to go back to Moscow. Pat has to return to Moscow.

Logically modal verbs Here comes the interrogative sentence:

Has Pat to go…

but in fact, only the following option is possible here:

Does Pat have to go back to Moscow?

Respectively:

Pat doesn't have to go back to Moscow.

The correct form of the verb to have depends on the tense it is in and the person in the present tense. Here are examples of all forms:

He has a dog. He had a dog. They are having breakfast.

To better remember the verb use of the verb have got and other forms of this one of the most popular verbs in English, it will be useful to fill out the table:

When working with a table, use all forms of words. remember, that have got is used only in the present tense.

First, take sentences from the text, and then use the power of search engines. Also learn to work with different types dictionaries.

In various textbooks, you can read that in order to indicate that something belongs to someone or something, you need to use the verb “ to have” or construction “” (“ has got”) So what's the difference? Why is the design needed? ” if you can just use the verb “ to have”?

English language experts are constantly discussing this issue, but everyone agrees on one thing - this “unnecessary replacement” of the verb “ to have” is absolutely idiomatic. How often do people use “ " instead of " have”depends on where they come from. In America, they prefer to use just “ have", and in England they say more" .” In England they ask you " Have you got any relatives in England?” whereas in America you will be asked the same question in a different way: “ Do you have any relatives in America?”

Meanings of “have got”

But if in England ” is just a substitute for “ have”, in America this phrase is used for a slightly different purpose. First of all, if the speaker uses exactly “ ”, he wants to add emphasis to what has been said, emphasize what is said, for example, in the sentence “ I have got a golden watch”The speaker emphasizes precisely the gold watch that belongs to him, and in the sentence“ I haven't got any problems” The speaker wants to note that everything is fine with him. But, this rule only applies to the present, and if you want to talk about the past, just use the right intonation to strengthen the sentence.

Google shortcode

“” has another meaning, namely, to indicate a need or obligation (and in this case, this expression is synonymous). If you use " have got (to)"to that end, it will be stronger than saying" must". Therefore, if you have a task in front of you or you have to do something, you need to say “ I have got to complete this work within an hour,” and it will sound stronger than if you said “ I must complete this work within an hour”, i.e. “ ” expresses more commitment than “ must". If we are talking with friends, we can even omit the word “ have,” and leave only “ got", For example, " I got to go now.” Probably, you have heard a completely distorted form more than once “ I gotta go now.” However, this phrase is only for oral speech, you should not use it to express your thoughts on paper. To do this, when expressing the need and obligation, it is better to use “ must" and " have to”.