Chamomile pharmacy gf. Chamomile pharmacy: properties and contraindications. Description and characteristics of the plant

Chamomilla recutita

Family - Compositae - Asteraceae

Parts used - baskets, leaves, roots.

The popular name is uterine grass, medicinal chamomile, peeled chamomile, camila, blush, morgun, Romanov grass, girlish flower.

Pharmacy name - Chamomilla recutita L. (syn. Matricaria chamomilla L.)

Botanical description

Chamomile is an annual plant with a thin taproot, slightly branched, light brown. Stems erect, branched, 15-60 cm high, hollow inside. Taproot, slightly branched, light brown.

Leaves are alternate, twice pinnately dissected into narrow-linear segments, 15-60 mm long, 5-18 mm wide, sessile.

Flowers in baskets, equipped with long peduncles, baskets form a corymbose inflorescence. Inflorescences - conical baskets up to 25 mm in diameter, numerous, located on finely ribbed long peduncles up to 8 cm at the tops of stems and side shoots. Inflorescences together form a common corymbose inflorescence. Flowers in each basket of two types: marginal - false-lingual, white, female; median - tubular, yellow, bisexual. Basket wrappers are multi-row, with a diameter of 5-8 mm. The leaflets of the wrappers are tiled, small, oblong, obtuse, yellowish green, brownish membranous along the edges; the outer leaflets are narrower and slightly shorter than the inner ones. There are five stamens in tubular flowers, fused with anthers into a tube surrounding the style. The tops of the anthers have sharp triangular appendages. Pistil - with lower one-celled ovary, filiform column and two linear curved stigmas. The fruits are small, up to 1 mm long, brownish-green achenes without a crest.

Chamomile blooms in May-September, fruits ripen in June-October. It is found in the European part of Russia, in Siberia, in the Caucasus and Central Asia. It grows on fallows, in crops, orchards, vineyards, roadsides, garbage places, quarries. Cultivated as a medicinal plant.

Collection and preparation

They collect baskets at the beginning of flowering, when their receptacle has not yet acquired a conical shape, in May - June, manually cutting off with a part of the peduncle no longer than 3 cm. Dry in the shade, in attics or in dryers, spreading it in a layer of 2-3 cm on paper or tarpaulin, at a temperature not exceeding 35 ° C. Well dried raw material has pleasant aroma and bitter-spicy taste. Store dry raw materials for 2 years.

Active ingredients

Flower baskets contain essential oil, which includes chamazulene, various terpenes and sesquiterpenes, apigenin, prochamazulene, matricin, lactone matrikarin, umbelliferone, organic acids, resins, bitterness, carotene, organic acids, protein substances.

Use in homeopathy

In homeopathy, the essence of chamomile is used for dispensation in children, stomach cramps, and flatulence.

Healing action and application

It has analgesic, sedative, diaphoretic, disinfectant, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

V traditional medicine chamomile has found a very large use.

An infusion of chamomile flowers is taken orally as an analgesic and sedative for inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, enterocolitis, colitis), malaria, scrofula, insomnia, diseases of the liver and biliary tract, flatulence (as a carminative), spasms stomach and intestines as a regulatory menstrual cycle(with delays in menstruation). With colitis and hemorrhoids, enemas are made from infusion of chamomile. Externally, an infusion of chamomile flowers is used for rinsing with inflammation of the gums, oral mucosa, eyelids, tonsillitis, eczema, ulcers, abscesses, burns, bruises, rheumatic and arthritic pain in the joints.

In collections with other plants, chamomile is also used for prostate adenoma, chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic prostatitis and cervical cystitis. Powder from crushed chamomile inflorescences is used for migraines.

Chamomile oil is used in aromatherapy for insomnia, migraine, inflammation of the skin, as well as for eczema, it is recommended for asthma, bronchitis, cough, flu, cystitis, irritability, it is useful for children and the elderly. The oil is applied externally together with vegetable oil, internally with honey, as well as in the form of inhalations, baths, applications and compresses. The smell of chamomile oil is characterized as deep, slightly bitter, warm, heavy.

Chamomile - a favorite flower of cosmetologists, is considered an indispensable part of many medical and cosmetic masks.

Recipes

Pour 1 tablespoon of inflorescences with 1 cup of boiling water and let it brew for 2 hours. Strain and take chilled from 1-2 tablespoons 1/3 cup 3-4 times a day. (Gastritis, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, enteritis, colitis, diseases of the liver and biliary tract).
Mix and grind 4 parts - chamomile flowers, mint leaves and 3 parts of valerian root. Pour 1 tablespoon of this collection with 1 cup of boiling water and let it brew for 2 hours. Strain and take hot, 0.5 cup 2-3 times a day. (Delayed menstruation).
Brew 2-3st spoons of flowers with boiling water until a mushy mass is formed and put hot in a clean cloth and apply to the sore spot. (Bruises, rheumatic and gouty pains in the joints).
Pour 1 tablespoon of chamomile flower baskets with 1 cup of boiling water and let it brew for 1 hour. Strain and take 0.5 cup warm 3-4 times a day. (For gargling and washing purulent wounds, ulcers and abscesses).
25 g of dried chamomile flowers pour 0.5 liters of boiling water, boil over low heat for 5 minutes and let it brew for 15 minutes. Strain and take with honey or sugar in the evening. (Insomnia).
3 tablespoons of chamomile flowers pour 1 liter of boiling water and let it brew for 4 hours. Strain and apply 1-2 times a day for douching. (Acute vaginitis).
Pour 1 tablespoon of chamomile flowers with 1 cup of boiling water, wrap and let it brew for 1 hour. Strain and take 0.5 cup 3-4 times a day. (Dysentery).
6 tablespoons of dried flowers, pour 500 ml of boiled water in an enamel bowl and leave covered for 15 minutes in a water bath. Strain and top up with water to 500 ml. Drink for 2 days (course 1 week). (Gastritis, liver disease and flatulence).
Pour 10 g of crushed dandelion roots with 1 cup of boiling water and let it brew for 2 hours. Strain and take 50 ml of infusion 4 times a day 30 minutes before meals. (Allergy).
10g crushed roots and leaves pour 50ml vegetable oil and let it brew for 10 hours. Strain and use the resulting ointment externally. (Burns and bedsores).
Pour 50-200g of chopped chamomile herb with a bucket of boiling water and let it brew for 1 hour. Strain and pour into the bath, the duration of the bath is 15-20 minutes. (Scrofula in children).

Aster family - Asteraceae

Chamomile is an annual herbaceous plant up to 40 cm high. The stem is branched, bare. The leaves are alternate, sessile, twice pinnately dissected into narrow lobes. Flower baskets are solitary, large, located at the ends of the stem and branches. Baskets have white pseudolingual flowers located along their edges, and numerous internal bisexual yellow flowers. The fruit is a seed. The whole plant is fragrant.

Flowering from May to July, fruiting from June.

Reedless chamomile differs sharply from related species in the absence of white reed flowers in the basket. This is also an annual strongly branched plant, shorter, up to 30 cm high, with a thicker stem, a strong peculiar smell. The flowers are tubular, four-toothed, greenish-yellow inflorescences.

Flowering in July-September, fruiting in August-October.

Spreading

Chamomile is a species with a Holarctic range, distributed throughout the European territory of Russia, with the exception of the Far North. Isolated localities in Siberia are of adventive origin.

In the Far East, it does not occur in natural biocenoses.

The intensive resettlement of chamomile beyond the historically established area is associated with its widespread cultivation for medicinal purposes.

Chamomile tongueless - a species characteristic of East Asia and North America. In the European part of Russia, southern Siberia and the Far East, it has actively spread as a weed along transport routes.

habitat

Both types of chamomile cannot compete with turf grasses, therefore they are rarely found in natural phytocenoses. They prefer disturbed habitats: on wastelands, fallow lands, along roadsides and railways, near dwellings, on lands plowed and etched by cattle. Undemanding to the composition of the soil. Photophilous.

Reedless chamomile is a herbicide resistant and therefore difficult to eradicate weed in field crops.

Chemical composition

Chamomile flower baskets contain essential oil, which includes chamazulene. The essential oil is a thick liquid of dark blue color, hardly soluble in water. The blue color is associated with the presence of chamazulene. Storage essential oil chamazulene is oxidized by atmospheric oxygen and the oil first turns green and then brown.

The white reed flowers of chamomile inflorescences contain flavonoids, triterpene alcohols, coumarins, carbohydrates, phytosterol, polyacetylenic compounds, phenolcarboxylic acids and their derivatives, ascorbic acid, carotene, bitterness, mucus, gums, bitter substances.

Chamomile herb also contains an essential oil of similar composition and flavonoids. In terms of the content of the sum of flavonoids, the entire aerial part of fragrant chamomile is richer compared to pharmacopoeial raw materials (that is, inflorescences), therefore, harvesting of grass is allowed (during the flowering period).

Chamomile without reed has a similar chemical composition, however, the content of chamazulene in the essential oil from its flower baskets is much less than that of chamomile.

pharmachologic effect

Preparations from chamomile inflorescences have anti-inflammatory, diuretic, sedative, astringent, carminative, diaphoretic, hemostatic, wound healing, sedative, and disinfectant effects.

Liquid extract and essential oil of chamomile have a choleretic effect.

Chamomile preparations accelerate the processes of regeneration of the epithelium in ulcers.

Chamomile glycosides have an antispasmodic effect.

Dosage forms

Chamomile flowers, infusions, collections, briquettes, "Romazulen" preparation.

Chamomile flowers are included in SP XI as a medicinal raw material.

Application

Chamomile in the form of an infusion is taken orally as an antispasmodic, to stimulate bile secretion and improve digestion, with inflammatory diseases of the digestive system. Chamomile flowers are part of the carminative collection.

Chamomile infusion is taken for bronchopulmonary diseases, and is also used to rinse the mouth and throat with respiratory diseases.

In diseases of the joints, general or local baths with a decoction of chamomile, lotions and compresses on the joints, herbal poultices are used.

Chamomile is often combined with other medicinal plants.

Chamomile is a cosmetic product used to give the hair a golden hue, and the skin velvety and tender. In perfumery, chamomile flowers are used in the manufacture of nourishing creams, lotions and shampoos.

An infusion of chamomile inflorescences is used in the production of flavored wines.

Procurement of raw materials

Flower baskets are collected at the beginning of flowering (May-June) in good sunny weather. Raw materials collected after rain, with dew or fog, as well as under-dried, darken and lose their aroma. Overripe and overdried raw materials crumble and lose their presentation. Baskets are plucked together with a peduncle no more than 3 cm long.

The raw material is dried under a canopy, spreading it in a thin layer on paper or tarpaulin, or in dryers at a temperature not exceeding 35-40°C.

Raw materials are stored packed in plywood boxes lined with paper in dry rooms.

Shelf life up to 2 years.

Security measures

It is necessary to leave part of the plants during the collection for seeding, try not to trample them.

Resources

In connection with the intensive plowing of virgin lands, to which the main thickets of chamomile were confined, its reserves have been significantly reduced. The procurement of wild-growing raw materials in the USSR was mostly carried out in the forest-steppe and steppe regions of Ukraine, in Moldavia, in some regions of Belarus, in the Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories. The need for raw materials of chamomile is mostly covered from cultivated plantations.

The productivity of natural chamomile thickets in harvest years is 2-5 (up to 10) q/ha. High yields are observed in years with warm and humid spring.

Reedless chamomile is a widespread weed and its harvesting in small volumes is possible almost everywhere. There are large reserves of chamomile without tongue in the north-west of the European part of Russia, in the Novosibirsk and Chelyabinsk regions.

Chamomile, or as it is also called - medicinal chamomile, has been used in folk and scientific medicine since ancient times. For more than one millennium, this plant has not lost its popularity, as it has important beneficial properties. Chamomile extract is used in the manufacture of cosmetics, essential oil has also found its application in the manufacture of medicinal and cosmetic preparations.

Description

Chamomile is an annual herbaceous plant with a strong specific, but rather pleasant smell.
The root of the flower is either taproot or branched. Root color is light brown.
The stem is straight, erect, can reach a height of up to 60 cm. Branching of the stem from the base is possible. Inside the stem is hollow, outside it is ribbed - bearded, leafy to the very top.
Leaves sessile, alternate, up to 6 cm long.
The inflorescences look like conical baskets, their diameter is about 2.5 cm. They are located on the tops and on the side shoots. Collectively, all inflorescences form a corymbose inflorescence.
Petals are multi-row, have a diameter of up to 8 mm. The shape of the leaves is small, tiled, oblong.

Spreading

Chamomile is distributed throughout almost all of Europe, as well as in many parts of North America and Asia. In many countries, chamomile is cultivated as a medicinal plant, revering it for its beneficial properties. By selection, varieties with a high content of essential oil and aulene were bred. As for Russia, here chamomile grows in most European regions, except for the Lower Volga region and the Far North, also in the Ciscaucasia, in Dagestan, in Western and Eastern Siberia, in some regions of the Far East.

Chamomile grows in steppes and meadows, as well as a weed plant in gardens, on borders and wastelands, along roadsides, in row crops and grain crops.

Collection and preparation

The plant is harvested during the flowering period, when the white petals are arranged horizontally. The collection is carried out every 2 - 3 days, during the flowering period, which lasts up to 15 days.
Dry the flowers in the shade, in the open air, or in a ventilated area. When drying, the plants should be laid in an even thin layer.

It should be noted that during the collection it is necessary to separate the chamomile from other species of this plant. Otherwise, the impure collection loses many of its properties, moreover, it can be unsafe.

Store the dried plant in a tightly closed container, such as a glass jar. If the plant is stored in a rag bag, the essential oil will evaporate. In general, herbs should not be stored in plastic bags.
The shelf life of the dried plant is 1 year.

Application

The medicinal properties of chamomile infusion are used in the following cases:

As an anti-inflammatory agent;
As an antiseptic;
As an anesthetic;

For diseases:

Intestines;
bile ducts;
Liver;
With increased gas formation;
With angina;
With stomatitis;
With various allergies as lotions.

Chamomile is used for the preparation of home and professional cosmetics: creams, lotions, masks, shampoos.

Recipes

Decoction preparation:
Chamomile pharmacy - 10 gr. flowers (approximately 4 tablespoons of dry raw materials) are poured into a glass of very hot water, boiled for about 30 minutes in a water bath. The broth is cooled to room temperature, decanted and squeezed out the remaining raw materials.

The resulting broth should be stored in a cool place for no more than 2 days. After 2 days, the decoction loses its beneficial properties. It is necessary to take several times a day, after meals, half a glass.
The decoction is also used externally, for example, for washing cavities, gargling, medicinal baths, preparing cosmetic masks, rinsing hair.

For external use, you can also use an extract from the flowers. To prepare it, you need 3 tbsp. dry raw materials pour a glass of boiling water, and insist 1 hour in a closed glass container.

For the treatment of diseases respiratory organs and ways to apply inhalation. The therapeutic properties of this procedure are a sedative, analgesic, antiseptic effect.

Inhalations are prepared as follows:

For children under 7 years old: the infusion is brewed in a small teapot, a rubber tube is put on the nose, through which it is necessary to inhale the vapors of the broth for about 5 minutes.
Over 7 years old: the infusion is brewed in a saucepan, over which the child is planted and covered with a blanket over his head. Vapors are inhaled for up to 10 minutes. After that, it is advisable to give the child tea with honey and put to bed.

Essential oil

Chamomile oil has a dense texture, bluish color, the smell is slightly sweet. Natural oil is a rather expensive product. It has the following medicinal properties:

antiseptic;
painkiller;
antispasmodic.

Apply inside in the amount of 2 drops per 1 tsp of honey.

Application in cosmetics

The decoction is used to care for sensitive, dry skin. Chamomile has a whitening effect, eliminates inflammation, reduces allergic inflammation, gives the skin healthy look and color. Also, its properties are relevant for insect bites, thermal burns.

As for professional cosmetics, chamomile essential oil is added to creams. In combination with woody, lavender, citrus oils, they are used to create colognes.
Chamomile decoction is used to stimulate hair growth. It can also be found in the formulations of many professional shampoos. If chamomile is regularly used as a conditioner, then the hair will be strong and beautiful. In some cases, the medicinal properties of a decoction or oil can cope with dandruff.

Application restrictions

Contraindications:

Anacid gastritis;
stomach ulcer;
Tendency to diarrhea;
Abundant menstruation;
Mental disorders;
Treatment with homeopathic methods;

During pregnancy, chamomile tea should be taken no more than 2 glasses a day. The properties of this plant are such that it helps to stimulate the production of estrogen by the ovaries, and this can lead to miscarriage or childbirth. ahead of time. However, if you take a decoction in small quantities, it can help to cope with a toxic condition.

Overdose symptoms:

Headache;
Weakness;
cough and hoarseness;
Intestinal disorders.

flowerschamomile- Flores Chamomillae recutitae

Chamomile - Chamomilla recutita L. (syn.Matricaria chamomilla L.)

Familyaster- Asteraceae

Other names:

- mother grass

- medicinal chamomile

- peeled chamomile

- camila

- blush

- Morgun

- roman grass

Botanical characteristic. Annual herbaceous plant 15-40 cm high. Stem branched, glabrous. The leaves are alternate, sessile, twice pinnately dissected into narrow lobes. Flower baskets are solitary, large, located at the ends of the stem and branches. Baskets have white pseudolingual flowers located along their edges, and numerous internal bisexual yellow flowers located on a conical bare intrasexual bed. Baskets sit on long peduncles, bloom gradually: at the beginning of blooming, false-lingual flowers are directed upwards, then they are arranged horizontally and the bed is extended. The fruit is a seed. The whole plant is fragrant. Flowering from May to July, fruiting from June.

Spreading. It grows wild in the south and in the middle zone of the European part of the country, in the Caucasus. The main harvesting areas are Crimea, Kherson and Nikolaev regions. Cultivated in many state farms and collective farms. Cultivate the plant on lighted moist fertile soils. Fertilize the soil with rotted manure, phosphate and nitrogen mineral fertilizers. Propagated by seeds. Sow in early spring, summer or better before winter. During summer sowing, seeds are planted to a depth of 0.5-1 cm, before winter they are sown on top of the soil. Row spacing 45 cm. When the soil is dry, seedlings die easily. The soil is loosened, weeds are destroyed. The yield of dried inflorescences is 5-10 kg/ha. Field weed.

Habitat. On deposits, fields, in littered places, along roads.

Preparation of raw materials, primary processing, drying. The collection of chamomile baskets is carried out in dry sunny weather, when the marginal flowers are located horizontally or directed slightly upwards.

On natural thickets, baskets with the remainder of peduncles no longer than 3 cm are torn off by hand or with the help of special combs. On plantations, harvesting of raw materials is carried out by specially designed harvesting machines.

Chamomile flowers should be dried in dryers at a temperature not exceeding 40 ° C, as well as under sheds and in attics with good ventilation, scattering them in a thin layer and stirring occasionally. The yield of dry raw materials is 25-27% by weight of freshly harvested.

When collecting baskets, inflorescences of plants similar in appearance for chamomile, but not medicinal. These include odorless chamomile and umbilical species. Mayweed Matricaria perforata Merat (= M. inodora L.) have a hemispherical small tuberculate continuous (without cavity) inflorescence receptacle.

Umbilical dog Anthemis cotula L., field umbilical A. arvensis L. and Russian navel A. ruthenica Bieb. have a non-hollow receptacle from a cone-shaped to a cylindrical shape, on which membranous subulate bracts are visible.

Raw material standardization. The quality of raw materials is determined by the requirements of GF XI and Amendments Nos. 1-6.

Security measures. It is necessary to leave a few plants at the collection for seeding, try not to trample them.

signs and microscopically.

External signs. According to GF XI and GOST, chamomile chamomile baskets should have a hemispherical or conical shape without peduncles or with their remains no longer than 3 cm. False-lingual flowers are white. The median flowers are bisexual, tubular, with a five-toothed corolla on a conical, floor, bare receptacle. The wrapper of the basket is tiled. The taste is spicy, slimy. Chamomile baskets differ from fragrant chamomile in the absence of white reed flowers. The smell is strong. The quality of raw materials is reduced by long peduncles, baskets of a different color, crushing, weed impurities.

Possible impurities. Odorless chamomile - Matricaria inodora L., which, unlike pharmacy chamomile, has a solid and larger bed (up to 12 mm). Flower baskets are odorless. Field navel - Anthemis arvensis L. has a membranous conical incomplete bed. Baskets are larger, odorless. Dog's navel - Anthemis cotula L. in appearance almost does not differ from chamomile, but the bed is not hollow and membranous at the top. The smell is unpleasant. Thus, the main sign of the difference between chamomile and fragrant chamomile from impurities is the receptacle: in the former it is hollow inside, and in impurities it is solid.

Microscopy. For microscopic examination, surface preparations of flowers and leaflets of the involucre are used. Essential oil glands, consisting of 6-8 excretory cells arranged in 2 rows and 3-4 tiers, are of diagnostic value. They are present on the surface of the flowers and leaflets of the wrapper. In addition, secretory passages pass along the central vein of the leaflets of the involucre. The mesophyll of tubular flowers contains small crystals of calcium oxalate. Numerical indicators. The content of essential oil is not less than 0.3%, it is determined by SP XI (method 1 or 2); humidity no more than 14%; total ash not more than 12%; ash, insoluble in 10% hydrochloric acid solution, not more than 4%; leaves, stems, baskets with remnants of peduncles longer than 3 cm, not more than 9%; blackened and browned heads no more than 5%; organic impurities not more than 3%, mineral - not more than 0.5%.

Chemical composition. Flower baskets contain 0.2-0.8% essential oil, which includes chamazulene. The essential oil is a thick liquid of dark blue color, hardly soluble in water. The blue color is associated with the presence of chamazulene. During storage of the essential oil, chamazulene is oxidized by atmospheric oxygen and the oil first becomes green and then brown. The essential oil also contains sesquiterpenes, cadinene, farnesene, sesquiterpene alcohol bisabolol, caprylic and isovaleric acids.

From the white reed flowers of chamomile inflorescences, the flavone glycoside apiin (gives apigenin, glucose and apiose during hydrolysis), prochamazulene matricin and lactone matrikarin (with high temperature both of these substances are converted into chamazulene), dioxycoumarins, umbelliferone and its methyl ester herniarin, triacanthin, choline, phytosterol, salicylic acid, ascorbic acid, carotene, bitterness, mucus, gums. In addition, bitter substances are present.

In addition to the classic raw materials, raw materials for mechanized harvesting are allowed for use. FloresMatricariae contusae - threshed chamomile flowers.

Collected during the flowering period, dried and threshed flowers of a cultivated annual chamomile plant are used as medicinal product for outdoor use.

The quality of this raw material is regulated by VFS 42-974-80 and FSP 42-0045-0066-00 (Medipharm). According to external signs, this is a mixture of tubular and marginal flowers, a bed of inflorescences, less often whole baskets, as well as pieces of stems and leaves.

Numerical indicators. The content of essential oil is not less than 0.2%; humidity no more than 14%; total ash not more than 12%; particles that do not pass through a sieve with holes with a diameter of 5 mm, not more than 10%; particles passing through a sieve with holes with a diameter of 0.315 mm, not more than 8%; leaves, stem parts no more than 35%; organic impurities not more than 4%, mineral - not more than 1%.

Storage. In dry rooms, on racks, packed in plywood boxes lined with paper. Shelf life up to 2 years. Warranty period - 1 year.

pharmacological properties. Chamomile essential oil in animal experiments enhances reflex activity, excites the medulla oblongata, speeds up breathing and heart rate, dilates the brain vessels; In high doses, it depresses the central nervous system and lowers muscle tone.

Liquid extract, water infusion and essential oil in experimental studies reduce the intensity of contractions of an isolated segment of the small intestine, reduce its tone and relieve spasm caused by acetylcholine and barium chloride. The choleretic effect is provided by liquid extract of chamomile and essential oil.

Chamomile is a diaphoretic, carminative and antispastic agent, has sedative and analgesic properties. Chamomile preparations accelerate the processes of regeneration of the epithelium in experimental ulcers and delay the development of experimental inflammation.

Chamomile essential oil has disinfectant and anti-inflammatory properties due to the presence of chamazulene in it. Chamomile preparations reduce the processes of fermentation and putrefaction in the intestines. With chamazulene, it also associates the anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects of chamomile and essential oil preparations. Essential oil of chamomile, administered to animals inside in doses of 0.05-1 ml/kg, does not have a toxic effect on the general condition, hematological picture and internal organs, does not irritate the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract.

Chamomile glycosides have a weak atropine-like effect, relax smooth muscles, eliminate spasms of the abdominal organs. From chamomile obtained and experimentally studied the drug "Camilloside", which has ulcer-healing properties.

Medicines. Chamomile flowers, infusions, collections, briquettes, "Romazulan" preparation.

Application. Chamomile is released from pharmacies for the preparation of infusions, is included in medicinal fees. In the form of an infusion, it is used internally as an antispasmodic for gastritis, spastic chronic colitis, accompanied by fermentation in the intestine, to stimulate bile secretion and improve digestion. In case of peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, hyperacid gastritis, accompanied by pain, heartburn and nausea, chamomile infusion is prescribed 1 tablespoon 5-6 times a day before meals or a collection of chamomile flowers, calendula flowers and marsh cudweed grass, taken equally. To prepare an infusion from this collection, 1 tablespoon of the mixture is poured into 200 ml of boiling water, insisted for 3-4 hours, taken warm, 1 tablespoon 4-5 times a day before meals. Chamomile in diseases of the stomach is combined with yarrow grass, St. John's wort, peppermint leaves, lime blossom, flaxseed mucus or plantain flea. Chamomile flowers with valerian root and cumin fruits are included in the carminative collection.

With inflammation of hemorrhoids, paraproctitis, cleansing emulsion enemas are prescribed (1 tablespoon of vegetable oil, chamomile decoction 6.0: 200.0 per enema). For therapeutic microclysters for colitis, flatulence, proctitis, paraproctitis, inflammation of hemorrhoids, use 30-50 ml of warm chamomile decoction or infusion of chamomile, calendula and yarrow.

Chamomile infusion as a mild sedative and antispastic agent is prescribed to patients bronchial asthma 1/3 cup at night in a warm form to prevent attacks of suffocation. Patients with bronchial asthma and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases, provoking an exacerbation of the disease, undergo sanation of the nasopharynx, including inhalation of chamomile infusion. Chamomile infusion is used to rinse the mouth and throat with tonsillitis, tonsillitis, laryngitis. Chamomile is often combined with other medicinal plants, for example with linden flowers in equal parts (brewed like tea).

Romazulon comes from Romania, containing 96 ml of chamomile extract and 0.3 ml of chamomile essential oil. It is used as an anti-inflammatory and deodorant for rinsing the mouth with tonsillitis and chronic tonsillitis, stomatitis, gingivitis, glossitis, diseases of the teeth and gums, for preventive sanitation of the upper respiratory tract. For rinsing, dilute 1-2 teaspoons of romazulon in 1 glass of warm water. The same solution is used externally for skin diseases, neurodermatitis, urticaria, insect bites, trophic ulcers, small wounds. For installations and douching, romazulon solution is used for colpitis, vaginitis, cervical erosion, urethritis, cystitis, prostatitis and other diseases.

With exacerbations of gout, diseases of the joints, general or local baths with a decoction of chamomile (20 g per 1 liter of water), lotions and compresses on the joints from multilayer gauze moistened with a decoction of chamomile, herbal poultices are recommended (hot applied to the joints, covered with parchment or film, wrapped for 1-2 hours).

Inside, a decoction of chamomile is used hot (1 cup per reception) as a diaphoretic.

The infusion is prepared from 10 g of crushed chamomile flowers per 200 ml of water; heated in a boiling water bath for 30 minutes, cooled, infused for 3-4 hours, filtered, squeezed out the residue. Add boiled water to the original volume. Chamomile infusions are prepared by prolonged boiling, as matricine and prochamazulene at high temperature turns into chamazulene, which increases the activity of the drugs. The infusion is taken orally 1/2-1/3 cup 2-3 times a day.

Fragrant chamomile is used in medicine only for external use: poultices, lotions, rinses, enemas, compresses.

pharmaceutical camomile (medicinal) - a very famous and widespread plant in our latitudes. This is an annual belonging to the genus Matricaria, the Astrov family, it is found in different regions of North America, Eurasia, and other extratropical regions. Translated from Latin, the name of the plant means "uterine grass". The fact is that it was used earlier mainly for the treatment of female diseases.

Previously, chamomile grew mainly in the wild, but now this medicinal herb is actively cultivated. After all, chamomile flowers are a valuable medicinal raw material, in demand and used to treat many diseases. It is included in the composition of many drugs as an active ingredient, and is also widely used in cosmetology, being an ingredient in creams, soaps, shampoos, etc.

On average, it grows up to 20-40 cm. If the stem of a herbaceous plant is very long, then this is evidence of a lack of sunlight during the period when it was actively growing. The stem is erect, rather thin, hollow inside.

The length of the leaves is 2-5 cm, they are located on the stem in turn. On a narrow-linear sheet there are dissections with sharp lobules. The root is thin, taproot, practically without branching. Flower baskets are small, with white petals on the edges and yellow flowers.

How is medicinal chamomile different from its other varieties?

On a flower basket in a medicinal variety, the petals are either arranged horizontally or lowered to the bottom. The shape of the receptacle is conical, convex. The flower has a hollow head.

Chemical composition

The composition of flowers includes the following chemicals:

bioflavonoid derivatives apigenin , quercetin and luteolin ;
coumarins (umbelliferon, herniorin);
unrelated organic acids -salicylic , isovaleric , anthemis , caprylic ;
polysaccharides ;
phytosterols ;
vitamins ( , );
tannins;
protein substances;
carotene ;
mucus, gum, bitterness.

Dry baskets contain from 0.1 to 0.8% essential oil, it is called chamomile. This oil is bluish in color, it contains many components. The most valuable of these is azulene chamazulene (in oil it is about 1-9%). Chamazulene is synthesized during the distillation of raw materials with water vapor from lactones matricine and matricarin. Produces a pronounced anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, bacteriostatic effect.

Approximately half of the composition of the oil is a number of other sesquiterpenoids: bisabolol , farnesene and etc.

Medicinal properties of chamomile

The fact that this plant has pronounced medicinal properties has been known since ancient times. Even Hippocrates and Dioscorides used it to remove convulsions and elimination of pain. Avicenna believed that this plant is an excellent tonic. But Pliny the Elder used chamomile as an antidote if a person was bitten by a snake, and its decoction is used as a diuretic.

Currently, in medicine, both dry flowers (for the preparation of decoctions, infusions) and essential oil are very widely used.

Chamomile flowers - medicinal properties

anti-inflammatory;
disinfectant;
painkiller;
choleretic;
sedative;
antispasmodic;
anticonvulsant;
astringent (weak);
antiallergic;
carminative;
hemostatic.

Medicinal properties of essential oil

disinfects;
provides a diaphoretic effect;
reduces gas formation;
activates the digestion process, improves the functions of the gastrointestinal tract;
reduces the severity of pain, including migraine ;
reduces the intensity of inflammatory processes;
stimulates the central nervous system, while reducing stress, reduces manifestations;
has an antibacterial effect;
dilates the vessels through which blood enters the brain;
eliminates spasm of smooth muscles.

Beneficial features medicinal chamomile proven by scientists from different countries in the process of conducting research. A special study was conducted, during which scientists from the UK determined that chamomile is able to relax blood vessels, as well as smooth muscles. And American researchers have confirmed that the remedy from the plant produces an anti-anxiety and antidepressant effect. In addition, scientists have proven that the stem, leaves and flowers of the plant have radioprotective properties.

Other studies were conducted, during which scientists obtained evidence of the healing properties of this plant. About what chamomile is useful for and for what diseases it is used, we will discuss below.

Indications for use

In medicine, the following indications for the use of chamomile are determined:

inflammatory skin diseases, including burns , purulent wounds;
gallbladder disease;
diseases of the stomach, chronic and acute, in which inflammatory processes of the mucous membrane develop ( gastropathy );
diseases of the respiratory system, in which it bothers, spasm of the bronchi, swelling of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract;
inflammatory processes of mucous membranes;
inflammation of internal organs, in particular the genitourinary system;
allergic gastritis, and other diseases that develop as a result of increased sensitivity of the body;
connective tissue damage;
pain, including toothache and migraine .

Treatment with chamomile can last up to three months, addiction to chamomile preparations and allergic manifestations when using them, as a rule, are not observed.

Since the medicinal properties of chamomile are very diverse, it is used for various diseases and conditions. Chamomile flowers, the medicinal properties of which are described above, are used in the form of infusions, decoctions, etc.

Their use inside is indicated in such cases:

with diseases of the digestive system -, , enteritis, as well as biliary tract;
with stomach cramps, liver diseases;
high body temperature;
inflammatory processes respiratory system, ENT organs;
uterine bleeding, metrorrhagia after childbirth;
soreness of menstruation;
respiratory infections;
severe fatigue;
high excitability,;
deterioration in appetite.

The use of chamomile infusion is practiced externally:

as a rinse for diseases of the oral cavity (, gingivitis , inflammation of the gums), with toothache,;
as a lotion or compress for abscesses, ulcers, rashes, frostbite, burns, wounds that are difficult to heal;
as microclysters at;
for wiping with heavy sweating of the legs and hands;
for washing with inflammatory processes of the mucous membrane of the eyes;
as a means for wiping and washing with acne, acne;
as a poultice for bruises, , .

If you purchase chamomile flowers at a pharmacy, the instructions for use will contain recommendations on how exactly the herb is prepared in the form of a decoction or infusion.

Decoction

For a decoction, you need to take 4 tbsp. l. flowers and pour 300 ml of boiling water over them. Hold for half an hour in a water bath, then cool and strain, squeezing. Drink 3 times a day after meals. Honey should be added to the chamomile tea.

Infusion

You need to take 4 tbsp. l. flowers, put them in a thermos and pour 200 ml. boiling water. Infuse for 3 hours. You need to drink 4 times a day in equal portions.

Decoction and infusion are stored in the refrigerator for no more than 2 days.

Soothing tea

To prepare a tea that has a calming and carminative effect, use the following ingredients: chamomile (3 parts), cumin seeds (5 parts), valerian root (2 parts). After mixing the components, take two tablespoons of the mixture and pour two tbsp. boiling water. Strain after 20 minutes. Drink 100 ml in the evening and in the morning.

Slimming tea

1 tsp flowers, pour 200 ml of water and leave for 10 minutes. During the day you need to drink 4-5 glasses of tea. The course should not last more than two weeks.

Baths

For the preparation of baths, the entire ground part of the plant is taken. For one bath, you need to pour 500 g of such raw materials into 2 liters of water and boil for 10 minutes. Strain the broth and pour into the bath. Such baths are taken for two weeks, every other day. The procedure lasts 30 minutes. They are recommended for such diseases and conditions:

skin diseases - , wounds;
increased nervousness, poor sleep;
peeling and dryness of the skin;
cramps of the calf muscles;
liver ailments;
cracked heels;
consequences of x-ray exposure;
severe leg fatigue.

Cream

To prepare such a remedy, you need to melt in a water bath 50 g of not too fatty butter and 3 st. l. vegetable oil. Add 1 tsp. , 2 yolks, 30 ml of camphor alcohol, 50 ml of chamomile infusion, 2 tbsp. l. honey. After thorough mixing, everything must be poured into a glass container. Such a self-prepared remedy can be stored for up to six months in the refrigerator.

Cream with chamomile should be used in such cases:

with severe dry skin;
with the appearance of skin peeling, cracks;
in case of lethargy of the skin and turgor;
with redness and irritation.

douching

To prepare a solution of 1 tsp. flowers need to pour 200 ml of boiling water and leave for half an hour. The strained solution is collected in a syringe and vaginal douching is done at night. They need to be done every day for a week. Douching is done slowly. This procedure is indicated in the following cases:

inflammatory processes, however, not during exacerbations;
, non-specific and specific.

Such procedures are contraindicated in such cases:

after the age of 40, since at this age the moisture of the mucous membranes decreases, and douching can aggravate the situation;
during ;
during acute inflammatory processes;
in the first month after, gynecological interventions,.

Tampons

In the process of treating cervical erosion, tampons with chamomile are used. To prepare an infusion for soaking a tampon, you need to take 20 g of flowers and pour 1 liter of water, then insist in a thermos for a day. Next, you need to take aloe leaves, which have lain for 2 days in the refrigerator, grind them into gruel and squeeze. Mix these ingredients in equal proportions. Dip a hygienic tampon into the prepared solution and place it overnight in the vagina.

Contraindications for use are similar to contraindications for douching.

Cosmetic use

With freckles

Chamomile can help get rid of freckles and whiten your complexion. To do this, take 20 g of flowers and pour 500 ml of boiling water over them. After a while, strain, add the juice of 2 lemons and half a liter of yogurt to the liquid. All this must be mixed well. The resulting solution is impregnated with gauze napkins and put on those places of the skin where there are a lot of freckles and kept for one hour. Then you need to wash off the product with cool water and apply a greasy cream on your face. These masks are done three times a week.

With redness of the face

To reduce the severity of redness and irritation of the skin, prepare next remedy. One st. l. chamomile flowers should be poured with a glass of boiling water. After an hour of infusion, strain, add 1 tbsp. l honey. Soak gauze in the solution and apply to the skin. Keep for half an hour. When the napkin dries out, change it to a damp one.

For acne

To reduce the severity of the rash, take 2 tbsp. l. chamomile flowers and 1 tbsp. l. dry celandine and pour this mixture into 1 liter of boiling water. After the remedy has been infused for half a day, it is filtered and used to wipe those areas where acne constantly appears. This must be done at least 5 times a day.

For brittle and dry hair

You need to pour 4 tbsp. l. chamomile 0.5 l of boiling water. Strain after half an hour. Add egg yolk and apply the solution to the hair, distributing gently along the entire length. After half an hour, rinse your hair thoroughly. This procedure is carried out 2-3 times a week. throughout the month. Interestingly, if such a solution is used by blondes, then the hair will become lighter and acquire shine.

This tool is also used for various purposes.

For aromatherapy

Since this oil does not have a very sharp and intolerable smell, it is well received by both children and the elderly. This oil effectively disinfects the air and has a positive effect on the body as a whole. However, some people note that this oil has a bitter taste. To ensure a positive effect, a few drops of oil are added to the aroma lamp and such a session is carried out for about 20 minutes in the evenings.

Oral use

Inside, the oil is used together with honey - for one tsp. honey - 2 drops. Drink in the morning and in the evening, the course is one week. Such a remedy has a positive effect on the body with problems with, poor appetite, gastritis, ulcers (except for the period of exacerbation). It is also shown to be taken for violations of menstruation, during. The tool helps to reduce irritability, restore normal emotional background. Its use has a positive effect on mental activity. However, you should know that expectant mothers, women during lactation, as well as babies under six years old, cannot take oil inside.

Application externally

If necessary, the oil can be applied to the skin without diluting it first. But it should be applied pointwise: put a cotton pad with oil on the problem area for several minutes. This use of oil is practiced in the following conditions and diseases:

diseases associated with an allergic reaction -,;
inflammatory processes due to solar or thermal burns - during the healing period;
after insect bites;
ulcers, poorly healing wounds;
, acne;
small wrinkles;
ingrown nail - after surgery;
, - rubbed into the roots of the hair;
rosacea.

With these problems, chamomile oil is used up to 10 days. Also, essential oil can be added to any used cosmetic product - lotion, cream, etc. To correctly calculate the proportion, you need to add 3 drops of oil to 5 ml of cream or lotion.

You can also use it during the massage, mixing with the base - for example, with olive oil. For 10 ml of the base take 5 caps. essential oil.

To aromatize the bath, it is enough to add 10 caps. oils.

Also, chamomile oil can be combined with other oils, as chamomile enhances their effectiveness. These are oils of orange, lavender, geranium, sage, bergamot, marjoram, etc.

Chamomile for children

When using chamomile flowers for children, medicinal properties and contraindications must be taken into account.

Pharmacy chamomile as a tea is used for children after 1 year. For small children, tea should be diluted with water or buy special children's tea.

But outwardly, grass and chamomile flowers are used earlier, even before the baby is one year old. However, the concentration of the decoction should be low.

Parents of young children should consult a pediatrician on how to properly use chamomile flowers. Useful properties and contraindications to its use should be especially carefully considered by parents of infants.

Contraindications

Despite the fact that many consider this plant to be absolutely harmless, there are still contraindications for chamomile. First of all, it is important to consider contraindications for women - chamomile is contraindicated for pregnant women, and nursing mothers should drink it with caution. People suffering chronic diseases, as well as those who take vital medicines, you should consult a doctor before using decoctions, infusions or oils. Also do not use it for individual intolerance.

Side effects

When taken orally, the following negative manifestations may occur:

increase in pressure;
risk of bleeding;
vomit;
bronchospasm, - in people with intolerance.

For external use:

allergic rash,;

How to prepare and store

The flowers are harvested in the summer, doing it in dry weather. The highest concentration of essential oil in chamomile is observed from June to August. For external use, the whole plant is used, respectively, for this purpose, raw materials are harvested in this way.

You need to dry the grass in the shade, while well ventilating the room.

When using a dryer, the temperature should not exceed 40 degrees. During the drying process, the plant is not turned over to prevent shedding of the petals.

Store dried raw materials in paper or cloth bags in a dry and dark place. Used throughout the year. Since chamomile has a strong odor, it should not be stored near foods that can absorb this odor.

Chamomile is produced in the following forms: