Utegenova Bayan Nomirbaevna

In this essay, the student expresses her agreement with the point of view of the author of the article "Purpose and Self-Esteem" DS Likhachev, discusses the problems of youth.

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Essay "Choosing the Purpose of Life" on the article

DS Likhacheva "Purpose and Self-Esteem"

GBOU SOSH №6

Named after M.O. Auezov

G. Baikonur

Utegenova Bayan Nomirbaevna

Work supervisor:

Russian language and literature teacher

Nuralieva Raikhan Alenovna

Choosing a purpose in life

My acquaintance with Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev, or rather, with his works, took place recently. For me, a student of a Kazakh secondary school, the name of the largest scientist was little known. Having studied the biography and works of Dmitry Sergeevich, I realized that they open up great opportunities for thinking about the meaning of life.

I'm fifteen. It would seem that the most beautiful time ... However, at first glance it seems so. In fact, sometimes it becomes difficult for me because I do not find answers to the questions that torment me in sleepless nights and a little scary. Why does a person come to this world? How to find your place in life? How to make your dreams come true? How can a person not get lost in the stream of great changes? Are there any ready-made recipes happy life?

And I'm not the only one with such a state of mind among my peers. I have to hear words of hopelessness and despair from their lips. "I'm tired of living." “Tired of not understanding others. I do not know what to do?". In the work of Academician Likhachev, I found answers to these questions.

In the article, the author touched upon the urgent complex topic of choosing life goals, human self-esteem.To convey his position, emphasize the importance of the expressed thoughts, make them more convincing, the author uses journalistic style... He openly demonstrates his thoughts.about what the purpose of life should be, for the sake of which a person lives on earth. One cannot but agree with the author, who writes that "... a person consciously or intuitively chooses for himself some goal in life, a life task ...". Yes, it is quite difficult to achieve something in life without a specific goal. I often return my thoughts to the paradox of ancient Greek scientists: “If I know what I’m looking for, then why am I looking, and if I don’t know what I’m looking for, then why am I looking, and if I don’t know what I’m looking for, then how can I search ". Likhachev seeks to convey to us the main idea that “only vital necessary goal allows a person to live his life with dignity and receive real joy. " "By what a person lives for, one can judge his self-esteem - low or high." The position of the author seems to me convincing, because if for a person the main thing in life is material wealth (a beautiful car, running a profitable business, fashionable clothes, an elite country house), then he evaluates himself at the level of these benefits. For him, people who have neither a beautiful car, nor an elite house, nor a business seem to be small people. Beauty and wealth of the inner world ordinary people he does not evoke any sense of respect. He is never content with what he has, he seeks to chase after something. It seems to him that life is short, that he will be late somewhere, will miss something most important in life. Constant thoughts of purchasing material goods lead him away from earthly happiness, lead to chaos, grief, fear of the future. Dmitry Sergeevich tells us what awaits such people: "... - grief .... - grief .... - grief again .... more grief than joy ..." Thus, he does not have time for the simplest human joys, he can be left with nothing. Therefore, I am sure that a person needs to put in order his spiritual world so that there is no place for envy, greed, greed, fear.

Everyone makes mistakes on the path to achieving life th goal. Doctors, law enforcement officers, and maybe our good teachers are also mistaken. thereforeone cannot but agree with the world famous academician, who brings us to the understanding of a simple truth: in life, no one is immune from mistakes, fatal mistake- incorrectly chosen main task in life.

The author, using the verb in the imperative mood (call), invites the reader to think about the question: "Think: if a person sets himself the task of increasing goodness in life, bringing people happiness, what failures can befall him?" The most important thing, according to Likhachev, is that the good done comes from an intelligent heart, and not from the head, it would not be just one principle. I share the author's opinion that a good deed should not be done for someone or for something. The author makes us understand that a person needs an inner need, an inner voice that prompts him "Go, help your neighbor!" “... the main life task should not be limited only to your own successes, it should be dictated by kindness to people, love for your family, for your city, for your people, for the whole universe». In this sentencethe main idea of ​​the text is fully reflected. Dmitry Sergeevich draws the reader's attention to the fact that the main task in life should be dictated by love for the family. Indeed, goodness originates from the cradle of the baby, from the home.

Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev at the end of the article gives wise advice: “And this main life task should not be emphasized in the eyes of other people. It is not necessary to turn the secondary into the primary, and it is not necessary for the main goal to exhaust you where it is not needed. " True, learning to be kind is very difficult.

I am happy that my meeting with a wonderful person took place so unexpectedly. Thoughts, advice from a small book of the writer became my companions. To friends who complain that life has become boring, I say: “Do you have a purpose in life? What is she like? If you have nothing to say, then let's talk! "

“A person who does not think about himself at all is an abnormal phenomenon ...” Yes, I often think about my future. I have many plans: I want to successfully graduate from school, go to higher education educational institution, become a doctor like mom. I dream about how successful my career will be and how happy my family will be. And I know thatin the way of achieving my life goals, I will always be guided by certain moral principles. Because work, dedication, moderation in everything and decency, kindness will lead a person to achieve his goal, to success and harmony with himself. It is they, in my opinion, who make those around them more moral and happier.

I really hope. No, I'm sure.

Each person should have a goal in life, because if you do not have it, then the meaning of life is lost, something for the sake of which we exist in the world is lost. I believe that a person should have not one goal, but several. I have a lot of them, and they are periodically changed, added, corrected, and sometimes excluded from my list of goals in life. I want to talk about my three most important goals.

My main goal is to find my place in life, a vocation, something for which it will be interesting to live and move forward. I would like to be an architect, to build beautiful, modern, and maybe unusual buildings and structures. I think that with this profession it will be interesting for me to go through life, a new approach and creativity will be in each of my work, so I will not be bored. In addition, I love to draw, and maybe I will also succeed in this field, but still, I think drawing will just be my very pleasant hobby.

My other goal is to find a life partner, one that I would love, who would share my views and beliefs, with whom we could create a family, have children and so that we can live happily with her until our very last days.

Another big goal of mine is travel. I'm going to travel around the world, especially in our time, it's not so difficult to see the world, there would be a desire.

Why is my profession the main goal in my life? Because without it it is impossible to achieve other goals, for example, a family must be provided for, a house is needed, money is needed for other family expenses. To travel, you also need money, and money is big. Therefore, I understand that I need to unlearn well, become a professional in my field, this is very important, and only then realize my other goals in life.

A person in his daily life is subordinated to the goal and meaning predetermined by his biological and social nature. By nature, a person is endowed with the ability to receive pleasure. As a biological and social being, he has certain physiological and spiritual needs. Any need presupposes its satisfaction. In the process and as a result of satisfying his needs, a person experiences pleasure. Conversely, if it is impossible to satisfy any of his needs, the person experiences displeasure. Therefore, all people have the same purpose and meaning of life. The purpose of any person's life is to satisfy their needs. The meaning of life is to get pleasure from life. With the same goals and meaning of people's life, the number of all kinds of needs and the pleasures associated with their satisfaction for a person is unlimited. Each person has by nature unique inclinations determined by his heredity. On the basis of these inclinations, society forms the traits of a person's character, influences him with traditions, morality, morality, culture and art. As a result of this impact, a person develops a certain value orientation, which ultimately determines a person's individuality and a unique set of his needs. Having a unique set of needs, determined by his personality, each person seeks to satisfy them and get pleasure at the same time. The number of needs and the possibility of their satisfaction depends on the level of development of the productive forces and production relations in the society to which the person belongs.

Happiness

Happiness, as the pinnacle of pleasure, is the meaning of human life. Happiness is emotional condition, which is the result of the satisfaction of any need that is significant for a person, desired by him and suffered through. Any spiritual or physiological need without exception can become such a need. Whether a person will experience a state of happiness, having satisfied his need, depends on how long, how strongly the person consciously or subconsciously wanted to satisfy this need, on how long it remained unfulfilled. Even the satisfaction of any of the physiological needs can lead a person to a state of happiness or close to happiness. Which of these states a person experiences, having satisfied any of his significant needs, will also depend on how much the desired coincides with the reality. In case of coincidence of the desired with the reality, a person experiences happiness. In the case of incomplete coincidence of the desired with the reality, a person experiences satisfaction or pleasure, but not a state of happiness. Temperament, the degree of development of thinking, imagination have an important influence on a person's ability to experience a state of happiness. The state of happiness with the satisfaction of any of the spiritual needs of a person is possible provided that at this moment the physiological needs do not require satisfaction.

Realizing the arisen need, a person draws in his imagination a Model that contains the desired actions, sensations. A prerequisite happiness is the coincidence of the model with reality. Therefore, the simpler the model, the easier it is to implement, and therefore to achieve a state of happiness. People who are emotionally rich, prone to deep thought and experience, build a complex model. Therefore, they are rarely satisfied with the results of the realization of their needs, which means they are rarely happy. People who are superficial the world those who think concretely do not complicate the model with many details that are difficult to implement and do not depend on them personally. Therefore, it is easier for them to carry out their plans, they are more often happy.

Society as a system for meeting people's needs

It is impossible for a person alone to satisfy even the necessary physiological needs. Therefore, people were forced to unite into a society, creating uniform rules of the game for all. Production and production relations have changed in different historical periods, but the orientation of the social system to meet the necessary human needs remained unchanged. Only the ruling class was changing, the satisfaction of whose needs was due to the exploitation of the rest of the members of society. A society can be called humane if it can meet the needs of the majority.

Society as a system for satisfying human needs is primarily aimed at satisfying invariable physiological needs, such as the need for food and safety. Secondly, society contributes to the satisfaction of spiritual needs, such as the need for self-importance, development, etc. Society satisfies the need for development only at the level necessary for society as a system for its functioning and security.

Living in a society, a person must be included in the system of satisfying needs. Otherwise, he will not be able to enjoy the benefits of this system. In order for the system to work, it is necessary that every citizen of the society be an element of the system and perform a certain function, and in return have the right to enjoy the benefits of the system in proportion to the importance and magnitude of their functions. The importance of a function is determined by the degree of irreplaceability of its carrier. The number of functions required by the system is limited and defined. Fewer important functions, more unimportant ones.

Human desires and aspirations far exceed the number of functions required by the system. Therefore, there are two possible options for choosing a function by a person. In the first, most desirable case, the function chosen by a person on the basis of his own aspirations, motives coincides with the function necessary for the system. In the second case, the function chosen by a person, again on the basis of his own aspirations and motives, does not coincide with the functions necessary for the system. This means that a person needs to commit violence against himself and choose one of the functions assigned to him by the system. Otherwise, a person will not be able to fully enjoy the benefits of the system. Therefore, it will not have the conditions for development and self-realization.

Each person is naturally endowed with certain mental properties - inclinations. On the basis of the inclinations, under the influence of upbringing and the environment, a personality is formed. Personality strives for self-development, self-realization. This process presupposes certain favorable conditions: on the one hand, this is the satisfaction of physiological needs, on the other, the absence of any boundaries and limitations (physical, ideological, etc.)

As already noted, the social system can change, while the system for satisfying needs remains practically unchanged. The reason for this is the invariability of the physiological needs for food and safety, as well as the spiritual needs of a person as a social being. Society is not able to satisfy the entire spectrum of needs arising from the characteristics of human nature. Therefore, from birth to death of a person, it forms needs, aspirations in him, thereby, functions that are necessary for the system of satisfying needs. Due to its simplicity, the system cannot meet the needs high level to the fullest, therefore, it seeks to limit a person, orient him, first of all, to the physiological needs that are inherent in him by nature. Social life and social consciousness impose certain restrictions on a person. Social life determines the standard of living of a person, limiting his ability to consume goods. Public consciousness, including political ideology, law, morality, religion, science, art, philosophy, forms a value orientation in a person and a corresponding worldview. Each of the forms of social consciousness is associated with social life to a different extent. The most closely related to it is political ideology, to a lesser extent and indirectly through the activities of the state - morality, art, religion and philosophy. The latter are based on traditions, cultural heritage and spiritual achievements of past generations.

The system tries to form the physiological needs of a person, instilling in him the desire for comfort, craving for things, hoarding, wealth. By promoting "free love", society orientates a person to physiology, putting sex on a par with other physiological needs, and takes care of satisfying this need through prostitution and pornography.

Unable to satisfy all kinds of spiritual needs of people, society is forced to form them in a simplified form. Possessing an ideological body in the form of the media, the state forms mass consciousness society. A person is given the place of a soulless performer, without whom the system would not be able to function normally. Therefore, the task of the mass media is not to let a person think. For this, the mass media create opinions, beliefs, aspirations in people - everything that determines a person's individuality. In addition, tastes, fashion, value orientation of people are formed by means of mass culture. Developing in a person the qualities necessary for the system, it does not give a person the opportunity to show his individuality, making a person a voluntary slave, an element of the system that protects its interests. Living in society as a system for satisfying needs, a person does not even notice his slavery. He feels free within the bounds of the functions assigned to him. Being a social being, a person is inseparable from society. He is formed by the traditions and culture of his people, entering into social relations, assimilates the goals and aspirations of his people, acquires a function necessary for the system, is included in it as an element that separates its tasks and goals, and protects it. Otherwise, he feels superfluous and unclaimed.

Any human activity, like a person himself, is evaluated in terms of its usefulness to society. Human activity is always aimed at a certain circle of persons, otherwise, it is meaningless, useless for a person and society. Therefore, the meaning of any activity is to satisfy any human need. An activity that does not satisfy any of the needs of a person will not be in demand and accepted by society, it will be rejected and condemned. This explains the misunderstanding of mankind, the persecution and destruction of the great achievements of science, technology, art, which were subsequently appreciated in view of the need for them. Examples of such achievements are the works of Copernicus, Bruno, Leonardo da Vinci, Faraday.

The concept of the Earth as a sphere, substantiated by Bruno and Copernicus, became in demand by society only in the eighteenth century, during the first sea round the world to India by Christopher Columbus. The aircraft, invented by Leonardo da Vinci and which became the prototype of the future helicopter, was not in demand by society until the creation of a powerful internal combustion engine. Electricity discovered by Farad found its application after the creation of an electric generator, an electric lighting lamp and an electric motor. Energy- and resource-saving technologies have become relevant when energy and raw materials shortages appear.

The formation by the system through the media and culture of human needs and the censure and persecution of everything that is different from generally accepted norms has a detrimental effect on the development of individuality. Individuality strangles the environment and ruins the lack of space for it in the system. For society as a system for satisfying needs, morality, value orientation, attitudes, beliefs, and views of an individual are indifferent. Society is only interested in the function of a person, which he performs in the system of satisfying needs, and the quality of its implementation. On the contrary, society is not interested in the development of those personal qualities that go beyond the existing ideology and prevent a person from performing his functions in the system of satisfying needs. The consequence of this is the development of mankind exclusively along the path of technical progress.

The humanity of the system for meeting people's needs is determined by society. If the system is aimed at meeting the needs of the majority, then the system can be considered humane. If the system is aimed at meeting the needs of the ruling minority, then the system is anti-human.

There are two possible ways to build a system for satisfying needs. The first way: to build a system of elements with an unlimited set of functions. In this case, each individual would find a place in the system. However, such a system would be cumbersome, not optimal and, as a result, poorly cope with the satisfaction of basic human needs. The second way: to build an optimal system from a limited set of elements - functions that would well satisfy the needs of a minority. And subject to the development and improvement of human functions, it is possible to build the same system capable of satisfying the needs of the majority. The world community is following the second path, considering it the most humane, since the needs of the majority are satisfied. However, people - voluntary slaves, formed by the system, do not understand their slavery and all the monstrosity of such a system. Having no place for his individuality in the system, a person is forced to either choose one of the functions of an element of the system, or, while remaining an individual, not perform any of the functions of an element of the system and therefore not enjoy the benefits of the system. Having renounced the benefits of the system, a person is doomed to poverty or even death, while he again loses opportunities for the development of his individuality. It can be assumed that a person is doomed to a faceless existence in the system, to a closed space from which there is no exit.

There is an exit. Find your place in the system. Find what is close to your personality. That in which you could show it, at the same time with the benefit for yourself and for society. Although the development of a person's personality in this case will be incomplete, he will still be able to enjoy the benefits of the system, without which neither further development of the personality, nor physical existence is impossible. This means making the system work for itself, for its personality. A person who performs an important function in the system has the ability to influence public opinion, create conditions for the realization of his personality to the extent that it is possible in a particular society.

Equality

Equality is impossible between people, neither economic, nor social, nor any other. Man by nature is focused primarily on himself and his needs. Therefore, he does not allow the existence of anyone or anything more important than himself, thereby not recognizing equality between himself and other people. In some cases, it seems that people are guided in their actions not by their own interests and needs, but by the interests and needs of other people. However, this is just an appearance. A person who sacrifices his interests and needs for the interests and needs of another person, in fact, satisfies his need to give up personal interests in the interests of other people. Or, such behavior is a compromise required to satisfy any other human needs. Thus, a person who gives alms, provides help, shows compassion, worries about his child, does not switch to the needs of another person, but only satisfies his own need to pity, compassion, selflessly help, do good deeds, worry and care, or pursues his own interests, yielding to other people. Therefore, the vital activity of each person will be aimed primarily at meeting personal needs through the use of other people in their interests, which indicates the inevitable orientation of a person towards inequality.

The desire of people belonging to the ruling minority to satisfy their needs at the expense of the rest of society will always be legitimized and protected by any state and society whose task is to satisfy the needs of the minority. The satisfaction of the needs of the majority is at the level necessary for effective creation material values ​​and other benefits of civilization in society. Slaves under the slave system were also fed, but enough so that they would not starve to death. Under feudalism, the peasants were left with such a portion of the harvest to be enough for planting. Workers under pre-monopoly capitalism were paid so much so that they could work normally, enriching the capitalist.

Power

The inclinations determine the possibility of developing a person's abilities for observation, analysis, synthesis. The level of development of these abilities determines the way a person thinks. There are two such ways: rational thinking and reason. Reasonable thinking is a passive nature of thinking, which is understood as the ability to correctly classify facts and phenomena, build inferences and bring knowledge into a system. Reason is the active nature of thinking, comprehending objects and phenomena in the unity of opposite sides.

Thanks to reason, a person is able to understand the needs, aspirations and interests of people, find points of contact between them, establish mutually beneficial relationships, both with individuals and with groups in order to achieve personal goals and satisfy their needs. By highlighting and shaping in people such aspirations and interests, in the realization of which many would be interested, a person, thanks to his mind, is able to influence people and predetermine events, without having public power. If a person's way of thinking is not reason, but reason, then he will not be able to influence people and thereby predetermine events in accordance with personal goals, without having public power. The way in which a person will satisfy his need for self-worth depends largely on the way he thinks. If the way of thinking is reason, a person can influence people, prompting them to take action that is necessary for many. At the same time, he will have authority, recognition and influence, possessing hidden power over people. If the reason is the way of thinking, a person will be able to satisfy his need for self-worth due to the possession of visible power over a person or a group of people. Demonstration of visible power is often the result of unwillingness or inability to engage in constructive dialogue, mutually beneficial cooperation, and compromise. Therefore, visible power is always based on strength.

People with rational (passive) thinking, possessing such character traits as courage, composure, ambition, feeling a desire to satisfy the need for recognition, can strive for power. The simplest and fastest way to power for this kind of people is to serve in the structures of state power, which is a special kind of public power based on the army, law enforcement agencies, bodies of inquiry and punishment, prisons and other structures of coercion.

Society as a system for satisfying needs does not set itself the task of satisfying the needs of people equally. Creating benefits that only the ruling minority can fully enjoy, society is forced to rely on the state to preserve the inequality that exists in it. To this end, the ruling minority is endowed with the power to ignore the interests of the majority. This power reflects the unwillingness or inability of constructive dialogue and reasonable compromise between the ruling minority and the rest of society, which is the result of the non-overlapping of their interests. Power almost always relies on force, which is aimed at persecuting dissent, suppressing political and civil resistance.

Literature

1. Davidovich V., Abolina R.Ya. Who are you humanity? Theoretical portrait. - M., 1975

2. Druzhinin V.N. General ability psychology. - M., 1995

3. Isaev V.D. Man in the space of civilization and culture. - K., 2003

4. Levontin R. Human individuality: heredity and environment. - M., 1993

We all strive for something in our life. We want to become someone, to have something, to be somewhere. The purpose in life is a beacon, without which it is easy to get lost on life path... Therefore, it is very important to correctly determine in which direction it is worth moving. In my opinion, the goal in life can be what you want, which allows you to develop, and also benefits other people.

The goal usually means the end result. For example, we study in order to obtain the necessary knowledge and a certificate. However, in the learning process, we conduct many unforgettable

Minutes and hours, we experience positive emotions, we pass tests. The learning process itself is important and interesting, we develop our abilities, we learn to communicate. And those who simply "serve their number" go to school, just because they cannot help but avoid taking part in school life are losing a lot. It turns out that the path to the goal is as important as the goal itself!

It is also often said that a goal differs from a dream in that it requires active action from us. But it seems to me that dreams help us a lot in determining what we would like to achieve in life. Goals are born of dreams. In dreams you can be free, not

Think about the limitations and the inability to get what you want. And when you feel that this is it - what is important for you in life, it is time to turn a dream into a goal - to figure out how to achieve it and act!

Goals are big and small, noble and selfish, but they lead us through life. They say that a person stops in development when he has nothing to strive for. Each new goal is a way to learn something unknown, learn new skills, develop your abilities and talents. However, it is important that our goals do not harm us - they do not take all the time and do not spoil our relationship with loved ones, and also do not harm anyone.

As for me, my next big goal in life will be to get a good job. I think this is a very important and responsible step, because a favorite job makes a person's life truly interesting, and an inappropriate one turns into a heavy burden. I want my future profession to be connected with communication with people. Most likely, I will go to study to be a psychologist, I think I have the ability to understand and help people. Of course, I still have many less global goals - to buy things that I like, travel abroad, drive a car ... Some of them are still at the stage of dreams, but I believe that the dream gives us inspiration to achieve our life goals!

Essays on topics:

1. The adage that all means are good to achieve the goal is rather controversial, and its meaning is not always interpreted unambiguously. After all...

Usually it is written as part of the final essay. Accordingly, it is not enough to express your opinion, it is necessary to give arguments, achieve consistency in the presentation, and, if possible, give examples from life and literature. It is advisable to build a picture of the "happy end" and reflect the picture of what is happening in a positive way. That is, not to talk about how bad life is for people without a goal in life, but to write how well a goal is for those who have it. Contrasting examples can be cited, though. The recommended length is from 350 words. Next, we will talk about how to write an essay, what arguments to use and give examples of ready-made essays.

Criteria for evaluation

A good essay must meet the evaluation criteria. Your eloquence and strong authorial position will not play a special role if the review does not meet the criteria. If you think that the goal in life is not only not important, but also harmful, you should not write about it. You may be right, many psychologists would agree with you. But you will not get a high rating. Therefore, in this case, be a hypocrite and write the work according to all the rules. And you will still have the opportunity to express your true opinion, believe me.

According to the FIPI, the criteria for evaluating the final essay are:

• Compliance with the topic.
• Argumentation using literary material.
• Composition and logic of reasoning.
• The quality of written speech.
• Literacy.

The basic criteria are the first and the second. Here the pass or fail is set. Accordingly, the essay should reveal the topic, have a communicative intention. As an argument, it is important to use literature, preferably the one that you passed through the school curriculum. Quotations and examples from literary works must be cited correctly, as if finding confirmation of your arguments in the words of the author.

It is impossible to write an essay without attracting literary material.

The composition and logic of reasoning is actually the sequence of presentation, as well as the ratio of theses and evidence.

They put forward the thesis - provide evidence, support with examples.

The quality of speech design is understood as a variety of vocabulary. Try to avoid clichés and use appropriate terms. Not sure about the interpretation - do not use.

As for literacy, a failure is given in the case when grammatical errors make it difficult to perceive the text. Usually, no more than 5 errors are allowed per 100 words. We advise you not to use words that you are not sure of the spelling literacy. The Russian language, as you remember, is rich, flexible and picturesque - find synonyms.

Arguments and examples from literature

About unattainable goals... R. Gallego's novel "White on Black" confirms the idea that there are no insurmountable obstacles. The main character sick, separated from his mother, leading a difficult and joyless life. But, in spite of everything, he continues to study and does not give up, as a result he becomes a famous, recognized writer. By the way, the novel is autobiographical.

Great goal... It is aimed at achieving good not only for yourself, but also for the people around you. Moreover, it is not a utopia, but quite real from the point of view of common sense. An example is V. Aksenov's story “Colleagues”, where three friends become doctors and, realizing the importance of their lives, get the opportunity to save people's lives.

Lack of purpose... The heroes of the play "At the Bottom" by Maxim Gorky have no purpose in life. They live, guided by urgent desires - to drink, eat, and so on. One of the heroes, it seems, wants to find a goal and find a hospital, to return to the past (possibly fictional) glory and bright life, but does not find the strength in himself and eventually hangs up.

The end does not justify the means... Azamat from "A Hero of Our Time" M. Yu. Lermontov wanted by any means to get the horse Karagez, which belonged to Kazbich. Obsessed with this desire, he enters into a deal with Pechorin and steals for the sake of this venture Belu. As a result, he is forced to leave his home forever. His act leads to the death of Bela and the ruined life of Kazbich, who, possessed by grief, kills the kidnapped lover.

True and false... A true goal helps to become a happy person, a false goal makes a person unhappy or does not bring him any satisfaction. So Pechorin's goals are false - whatever he passionately desires, what he has achieved does not please him. He regrets that he violated the life of "honest smugglers", loses interest in Bela's love, kills Grushnitsky in a duel.

Above all, try to achieve a coherent narrative. It should be based on the main idea and logic of reasoning. State a main thought at the beginning, for example, "The purpose of life is important to a person." Next, provide evidence: what does aimless existence lead to and, conversely, what does the presence of meaningful desires lead to. Support what has been said with examples from literary works, provide quotes.

What is important to consider while writing:

• Articulate your thoughts clearly - there should be no vague wording in the text.
• Argument and support each thesis with evidence, avoid arguments.
• Do not go against public opinion, do not use sarcasm.
• Use at least 2 examples from literature.
• Express your position and correlate it with the position of the authors of the works.
• Reread what you have written to avoid mistakes.
• Keep track of the length of the essay, it should include about 350 words.
• Do not use terms that you are not completely sure of the interpretation.
• Do not use quotes and works in the names of the authors and heroes of which there are doubts.

It is very important that you can draw on a literary base. Usually, the direction in which the final essay will be written is known long before the exam itself.

Do not be lazy to look for as many relevant examples as possible and memorize some quotes. Practice shows that the same example from a literary work can be used in an essay on any topic from a given direction. Because the wider your literary base is, the better.

Examples of essays

Option 1. Why is it important to have a purpose in life?

Having a purpose in life means understanding what you really want to achieve. A goalless existence leads to the absence of aspirations, and sometimes to the absence of desires. The person does not understand what he really wants to achieve. He "rushes", quickly loses interest in what he is doing. He chooses a job that he then hates. He wastes time and, as a result, remains at the "broken trough", realizing that his life was wasted.

A terrible lack of purpose in life is the setting of false goals that do not bring happiness either to a person or to those around him.

A vivid example of this is the hero of M. Yu. Lermontov's novel "A Hero of Our Time" Warrant Officer Grigory Pechorin. His goals are spontaneous and more like impulsive desires.

He destroys Bela's life, gaining her favor and cooling off to her. He destroys the life of the inhabitants of Taman, forcing the girl to abandon the blind boy, whose fate can only be guessed at. Pechorin even understands this, saying: "And why was fate to throw me into a peaceful circle of honest smugglers?" At the same time, he does not find satisfaction in achieving the set goals in any of the situations.

Gregory's goals are not only false - they hurt the people around him. Bela's brother, Azamat, had the same goal, but no longer false. By all means, he wanted to get Kazbich's horse, which Pechorin promised to get him in exchange for Bela. Azamat was so obsessed with his desire that he did not think about the consequences. As a result, he received a horse, but was forced to leave his family forever. It is partly his fault that Bela dies at the hands of Kazbich - it is obvious that he was annoyed by the theft of the horse more than by the impossibility of marrying his girlfriend.

And we see a completely different example in V. Aksenov's story "Colleagues". There are three heroes, three young doctors, at first they do not even realize the purpose of their lives. Until one of the main characters, Alexander Zelenin, is seriously injured. Then his friends manage to snatch him from the clutches of death, and they understand how important and noble their work is - to save the lives of other people. She becomes their goal in life.

It seems to me that a person must find a great goal - aimed at creation. The one that makes his life and the lives of those around him better. At the same time, it is not so important whether it will be global. Perhaps I will never be able to become a president or a billionaire to change the lives of thousands of people for the better. But I will be able to become a doctor and be able to save dozens of lives. My goal will be noble, I will feel its value for other people and for myself. I will be really happy.

Option 2. Why is purpose in life important?

FM Dostoevsky wrote: "Life suffocates without a goal." And indeed it is. We see many people around us who spend their lives aimlessly. They don't want anything other than watching TV shows on the weekend. They do not strive for anything, except for the purchase of a new car on credit. The goal makes a person better, his thoughts are kinder and cleaner. Of course, if it is aimed at creation and development, it does not harm a person and the people around him.

The end does not justify the means. No matter how much it means to a person, and no matter how good it is in the end. The hero of FM Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment" Rodion Raskolnikov was obsessed with the idea of ​​killing an old woman-lender. On the one hand, his goal was good - he wanted to distribute her money to those in need. But it was achieved in a vile way - by murder. The abomination of this goal gave rise to an insane theory in Raskolnikov's head about "trembling creatures and having the right." This goal destroyed the life of Rodion, who was immersed in remorse and simply could not live normally until he found meaning in God.

Although it does not seem to me that the purpose and meaning of life should be identified with each other. The meaning of life is in life itself, and the goal sets the vector of our movement, directs life in the right direction. It forces us to act when our hands are lowered.

Suffice it to recall Alexei Meresiev from BN Polevoy's "The Tale of a Real Man". The pilot is seriously injured, as a result of which his legs are amputated. He believes that his life is over - he will never be able to fly again, and the woman he loves will marry him only out of pity. But his goal is so important to him that he does not give up - he believes in himself to the end, trains and eventually achieves desire. Overcoming pain, Meresiev trained to walk on prostheses. As a result, he was able to fly and during the first flight he could not hold back his tears. The commander, who only after the flight learned that Alexei had no legs, told him: "You yourself do not know what a wonderful person you are!"

A well-chosen goal is the foundation of a happy life. When we set the right vector for her, we are doing what we love and love everything that surrounds us. We are happy when we do what we really walk, and when the people around us are happy. I have chosen a goal that will change for the better not only my life, but also the lives of hundreds of people. I want to be a teacher. It will be a pleasure for me to understand that, in part, the fate of hundreds of children - hundreds of small personalities - is in my hands. And I will do my best to achieve my goals and become a teacher with a capital letter.

Conclusion

If you want to get a high mark on the exam, then remember the assessment criteria in advance. They are simple and logical. But even successful students often get carried away with reasoning and forget to support their thoughts with examples from literary works. The result is a failure. Be careful and try not to run counter to public opinion. Be sure to say that a purpose in life is necessary and important. Otherwise, you run the risk of falling out of favor and getting “failed” on the exam results.

Evgeniya Melnikova

Editor of the Info-Profi portal, a teacher with 16 years of experience, a practicing tutor.