Ore from the group of oxides, consisting of chromium and iron - the mineral Chromite. Found in sauna heaters. The high structural density of the stone ensures the functionality of the walls of the room, allows it to be used in various areas of human life.

general characteristics

Chromite is a black mineral with a brown tint that does not dissolve in acid. The specific combustion temperature is well above the maximum limits. The formula of the substance is Fe Cr2 O4. The composition contains iron - 35% and chromium - 65%. In natural conditions, in its pure form, it practically does not come across.

The crystal is classified as a dense, weighted structure with uneven fracture, no cleavage. The origin is magmatic. In rock deposits, it is often found in the vicinity of platinum, serpentine, and chrysolites. The composition of natural minerals chromite always includes magnesium, aluminum. Resistant to weathering, oxidizes at high temperatures.

Main characteristics:

• density - 4500 kg / m3;
• fine-grained structure;
• compressive strength 300-700 MPa;
• thermal expansion - 3.32;
• heat capacity 0.92.

The main mining areas of the mineral: the East of Yakutia, the Urals, the Murmansk region, Altai, India, Turkey.

magical properties

The property of chromite lies in the fact that it brings good luck to its owner in a certain area, but at the same time closes its possibilities for development in a different direction. Having reached the maximum in work, a person remains deeply unhappy in personal relationships with other people.

The mineral does not endow with additional strength, but realizes the capabilities of its owner. Stones of this kind redirect the energy flow in the right direction, leaving an empty energy window for another area of ​​life. The impact of the talisman is determined by the inner owner.

You can't wear it all the time. When you succeed in something, put it aside and use the power of your talisman. People with a weak energy ring should not use it. The stone will harm health, and desires will remain unfulfilled. It will take a long time to restore health after using it.

Medicinal properties

Chromite stones are effective for colds, increase immunity, improve mood, and help avoid stressful situations.

The action lies in the fact that the body concentrates all its forces on achieving a certain result, and the disease imperceptibly recedes. Using the stone wisely, you can cure the disease and continue your activities without compromising the work process.

Chromite is useful in the presence of nervous disorders, accompanied by sleep disturbances. Put it under your pillow and you can fall asleep quickly. For those who are overcome by constant fatigue, it helps to feel a surge of vigor, to get rid of obsessive thoughts.

Recommended for short-term wear by people who have suffered serious losses, who have shaken self-confidence, balance, violated life cycles. In the first days of use, people may constantly fall asleep on the go. This is how the mineral works. It will help a person get a good rest and restore nerve cells.

Scope of application

Application of chromite:

• chromium production;
• in the metallurgical industry, as a refractory material;
• creation of anti-corrosion coatings;
• in the medical field it is used to create artificial bones, joints;
• in the construction of baths, saunas.

Chromite is ideal for the construction of bath walls. Even after repeated heating and cooling, its structure remains intact. Chromite is characterized by high heat resistance, low thermal expansion, does not emit toxic fumes when heated. Chromite coating is stronger than diamond, does not wear out or wear off.

Being in a bath with chromite walls has a positive effect on reproductive functions. Black color is able to protect from the influence of dark forces. In lithotherapy, the treatment in a chromite bath is considered the most effective. Steaming, the minerals give the accumulated energy to the patient, which improves his condition. In magic, chromite is used as a material that enhances the effect of amulets. Protective figurines made of stone are put in a conspicuous place.

Compatibility of the stone according to the horoscope

In relation to the signs of the zodiac, Chromite is considered to be loyal. Unlike magicians who claim that only strong personalities can wear it, astrologers convince people of the opposite. The crystal will suit everyone who loves black. It will have a special influence on each sign of the zodiac, it will help to prioritize in life.

1. The component has the greatest influence on the earth signs: Capricorn, Taurus, Virgo. Rationalism is inherent in them, but they are kind, romantic natures. Talisman strengthens them positive traits. Allows you to achieve great success in your career. Black is considered the color of the Earth, which nourishes its wards.
2. For fire signs (Leo, Sagittarius and Aries), a chromite talisman will give self-confidence. It will allow you to moderate your unbridled nature, to properly distribute energy. It is especially important to wear it for those suffering from infertility and chronic diseases GIT.
3. Water signs (Pisces, Cancer and Scorpio), by purchasing Chromite jewelry, will have the opportunity to see their purpose in life. A chromite ring is able to point out mistakes to the owner, sending prophetic dreams. Will be a nice bonus for those who want to achieve financial independence. Having bought it, make a wish, and it will certainly come true.
4. Air signs (Gemini, Aquarius and Libra) will learn to control their emotions, stop intrigues and intrigues. The use of stone will improve the state of health. Reduce Negative influence stress. Chromite jewelry has a positive effect on the character of air signs.

Chromite is a mineral used in industry as a source of chromium. Alloying of steel, the main metal of modern technology, requires the introduction of chromium into the alloy. Certain types of stainless steel, smelted with the addition of chromium, end up in jewelry workshops. One of the main consumers of chromium - and, accordingly, ore chromite - is the defense industry. Armor plates of military equipment contain chromium!

From the history of the mineral chromite

A variety of chromium compounds is a highly demanded material both in today's industry and among artisans of a bygone era. An acute shortage of chromium was felt in Russia in the 18th century. The discovery of a chromium-containing mineral the next year after the extraction of metallic chromium from the Ural was a significant victory for the then Russian science.

The discovery was made by the works of Peter Ivanovich Meder, at that time a teacher at the St. Petersburg Mining School. Analyzing the finds made earlier on the banks of the Ural River Vyazga, P. I. Meder discovered a dense, dull gleaming mineral with a characteristic metallic sheen. When interacting with laboratory reagents, the mineral gave, among other things, chromic acid.

Considering the nondescript stone to be a natural ore of chromium, Meder named the mineral "Eisenchrome", that is, chromium iron ore. It happened in 1798. Half a century later, in 1845, Wilhelm Haidinger renamed eisenchrom to "chromite". The name stuck.

Chromite Properties

Chromite is a dark, dense, lustrous mineral of medium (5 Mohs) or high (up to 7.5) hardness. Chromite color - brown, black; in a thin layer, chromite can shine through with a muted red color, although more often the mineral does not transmit light at all.

In the chemical aspect chromite is iron oxide of chromium with the formula FeCr2O4. It is a compound of iron oxide FeO and chrome green Cr2O3. In terrestrial nature, pure chromite is practically not found, however, pure chromite is sometimes found in metallic ones. Together with magnesiochromite MgCr2O4, it is included in the isomorphic series of chrome spinels (Fe,Mg)(Cr,Al,Fe)2O4.

Isolated chromite crystals - small, black, poorly formed or badly damaged octahedrons - are rarely found. More often, chromite appears before the observer in the form of a dense grain that has grown into the accompanying rock. Chromite crystals have a muted metallic sheen.

The use of chromite

In mining, it is customary to call chromites rocks, most of the composition of which falls on chrome spinels, and, and pyroxene occupy no more than 10% of the mass of the stone. Both chromite itself, and magnesiochromite, and aluminochromite Fe (Cr, Al) 2O4, and chromium picotite (Mg, Fe) (Cr, Al) 2O4 contain a considerable amount - from 14% to 62% - of oxidized chromium and are considered chromium ore.

In the jewelry industry, crystalline chromite is not used, however, chrome garnets, sometimes found in ores, arrive at cutting workshops without delay. Contain chromite rocks and some metals

Chromite is a fairly common mineral belonging to the spinel group and a subclass of complex oxides. It is the extreme member of the isomorphic series of variable composition magnesiochromite - chromite. The name was given according to its composition. In 1945, it was first discovered in southern France. The chemical formula is FeCrO4. Magnesium, aluminum are typical mineral impurities. Sometimes titanium and manganese impurities may be present in the composition. Magnesium analogue of chromite is magnesiochromite - MgCrO4. and chromite - characteristic impurities of magnesiochromite, which are isomorphic with each other.

In ultramafic rocks, chromite occurs in the form of rounded grains or continuous granular masses and is very rarely found in the form of small octahedral crystals. The crystallization of the mineral occurs in the cubic syngony. Chromite is black in color. Sometimes it is brownish black. Hardness - 5.5-7.5; specific gravity - 4.2 - 4.8. The line is brown. The break is uneven. Fragile. The mineral has a metallic luster. There is a lack of cleavage. Weak magnetic properties. When combined with acids, it does not dissolve.

The formation of chromite occurs during the magmatic process. The mineral is formed in rocks of ultramafic composition, where it is found together with , and . Chromite is resistant to weathering, so it is often found in placers. However, in countries where the climate is hot, as well as during the process of serpentization, it oxidizes and breaks down. In Russia, chromite is mined in the Southern Urals and Yakutia. Abroad, mineral deposits are found in Turkey, Finland, Albania, India, South Africa, and Cuba.

Chromite is the main mineral of the chromium ores used in the production of ferrochromium. Ferrochrome is widely used in high-quality metallurgy. Low-grade chromium ores are used to make refractory bricks.

In jewelry, chromium is used in alloys as a ligature. It is coated with metal jewelry to avoid corrosion and give a beautiful appearance. This plating process is called chromium plating. Well-formed crystals of the mineral, which are very rare, are of particular interest to collectors.

The mineral belongs to the class of oxides and is an oxide of iron with chromium. It is sometimes referred to as chrome ironstone. Chromite stone has studied properties, meaning, but does not affect various signs of the Zodiac.

Chemical formula FeO Cr2O3.

In nature, Chromite can be found in the form of continuous granular masses or inclusions. In rare cases, chromite occurs in the form of placers. The color scheme of most specimens is iron black or brown. By appearance chromite is confused with magnetic iron ore. But the first one has a brown color, and the samples have a weak magnetism. Chromite is classified as a distant relative of spinel, a group of chrome spinels. It includes 20 stones and their varieties.

To date, pure mineral without various impurities is found only in meteorite samples. Usually, different elements are found in its composition. The stone is resistant to acids.

Description	Characteristic
Typical impurities	Mg,Mn,Zn,Al,Ti
Molecular weight	223.84
Dash color	Brown
Shine	Metal
Hardness	10.01.1900
Microhardness	VHN100=1278 - 1456 kg/mm2
kink	Uneven
Strength	Fragile
Type	isotropic
Maximum birefringence	δ = 0.000 - isotropic, does not have birefringence
Cell Options	a = 8.344Å
Syngony	cubic
Unit cell volume	V 580.93 ų

Origin

We can safely say that the stone has a magmatic origin and is formed with platinum during the cooling and solidification of magma during tectonic processes. May occur in clusters, veins in ultramafic igneous strata and placers. Often the companions of the mineral are platinum, dolomite, talc.

Field

Russia is the world supplier of chromium. There are also deposits in Kazakhstan, South Africa, Turkey and the Philippines.

History

For the first time the stone was discovered on the territory of the Southern Urals. This event was captured by P. Meder in 1799. The description of the mineral occurred in 1845 by the Austrian mineralogist Wilhelm von Haidinger.

In old villages, the local population calls the stone "bath" and uses it for its intended purpose. In the process of research, chromite, which is present in the stones, has a non-toxic form. Even when heated, various harmful elements are not released into the air, therefore it is ideal for baths and saunas. Thanks to high temperature melting, Chromite does not crack due to temperature fluctuations.

Practical use

• The main purpose of the stone is to be used as an ore. Low-grade specimens are suitable for manufacturing refractory bricks. This is the first material for metallurgy.
• Also, the stone is part of the anti-corrosion coatings. This element increases the hardness of steel, therefore it is used in military affairs.
• It is known in the chemical industry for creating artificial bones or joints.
• During temperature exposure in a vacuum environment, chromium is actively combined with carbohydrate, resulting in the formation of hard carbides, which is important for coating diamonds, which are used in the metalworking industry. Diamonds processed in this way do not know wear.
• Chromites created under artificial conditions are actively used in electronic technology.
• In jewelry, chromite is also a welcome guest. It creates a beautiful tandem in combination with silver or other light metal. Given the fact that the color of the mineral is black, it is likely to look gloomy. Since ancient times, men have been wearing jewelry with this stone. Beautiful rings and cufflinks are still part of the fashionable image of young people today.

Therapeutic effect

Modern lithotherapists work little with this stone, because its effect on the human body is little studied. But in general, its energy helps to cope with colds. In particular, they give the body endurance and strength to continue doing the usual things during an illness.

magical influence

This aspect has not been fully explored either. It simultaneously attracts good luck and destroys family ties. Therefore, it is not suitable as a talisman.

It does not affect the Zodiac signs either. Chromite is a stone whose energy can only be controlled by strong magicians.

Stones and minerals and semi-precious stones of the world
Spinels (oxides): Chromite

Diagnostic card.
On the picture. Rare chromite crystals from Rio Creves (Italy)

FeCr2O4
Syngony cubic
Hardness 5.5
Specific gravity 4.5-4.8
No cleavage
Fracture irregular, conchoidal
Black color
Color in powder brown
Luster semi-metallic

Chromite (chromium iron ore) is an oxide of iron and chromium with constant impurities of Mg, Al, sometimes Ti, Mn, V. Metallic luster, opaque. Color black, brownish black. The line is brown. The fracture is conchoidal, brittle. Cleavage is absent. Chromite deposits are genetically related to ultramafic igneous rocks (dunites, etc.). Crystals (cubic syngony) are rare, often dense, granular masses. The most important ore of chromium. Deposits: in Turkey, Greece, CIS, Zimbabwe, Cuba, South Africa.

It is named after the chemical element it contains. A typical mineral of ultrabasic igneous rocks. Chromite is an oxide of iron and chromium. If it does not contain other elements, the chromium content is more than 50%. In fact, it almost always contains some magnesium and aluminum. The mineral crystallizes in cubic syngony; but its showy crystals (usually small octahedrons, black and opaque) are extremely rare. Mostly massive granular accumulations are found. The luster is semi-metallic, the color in the powder is brown. Cleavage is absent, the mineral is brittle, hard, heavy.

diagnostic signs.
The brown color in the powder and the fact that chromite exhibits weak magnetic properties distinguish it from magnetite. The latter also has a black powder color, and its dust particles are easily attracted by a magnet.

Origin.
Chromite is characteristic of a number of igneous intrusive rocks rich in olivine. These are peridotites and dunites, which are separated from the main magma by early stages its crystallization. This phenomenon is called "magmatic segregation". Chromite is also found in serpentinized rocks formed by the transformation of igneous rocks. In addition, as a result of weathering and destruction of chromite-containing rocks, the mineral can accumulate in deposits of the alluvial type, the so-called placers.

Place of Birth.
Large deposits are being actively developed in Turkey, South Africa, Zimbabwe and the Philippines. Finally, chromite is being mined in Macedonia and Albania (the Kukosh zone).

Application.
Chromite is the main ore mineral for obtaining chromium, which is necessary primarily for the manufacture of some stainless steels and hard alloys used in the processing of metals, which implies the presence of characteristics such as gloss, polishing and non-corrosion.

Chromite. Ural, Russia. Photo: A.A. Evseev.

Chromium- a vital element that in the human body activates the enzymes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates; in synthesis fatty acids, cholesterol and proteins (of which the human body consists). Chromium regulates blood sugar levels, increases insulin activity, people with high level chromium in the body are less prone to diabetes and atherosclerosis. It affects the processes of hematopoiesis and the breakdown of fat, promotes the resorption of atherosclerotic plaques (acrylic), lowers cholesterol on the walls of the aorta, protects myocardial proteins from destruction. A supply of chromium helps to overcome stress.

Chromium levels decrease in women during pregnancy and after childbirth. This chromium deficiency may explain gestational diabetes, although this is hardly the only cause. Chromium deficiency in the body, in addition to increasing the level of glucose in the blood, leads to an increase in the concentration of triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood plasma and, finally, to atherosclerosis. Chromium compounds enter the body with food, water and air.

The bioavailability of chromium from inorganic compounds in the gastrointestinal tract is low, only 0.5-1%, but it increases to 20-25% with the introduction of chromium in the form of complex compounds (picolinate, asparaginate). Hexavalent chromium is absorbed 3-5 times better than trivalent chromium. Dietary factors influence the bioavailability of chromium. Thus, the absorption of chromium increases in the presence of oxalates and decreases in iron deficiency. Absorption is influenced by physiological factors such as exercise or aging.

Chromium improves muscle tone, performance and physical strength. It helps lovers of weightlifting and bodybuilding build muscle (cell volume, retain water in the body) and improve strength endurance. The lack of chromium leads to growth retardation, causes neuropathy and disruption of higher nervous activity (brain), reduces the fertilizing ability of spermatozoa (in men). Sugar abuse increases the need for chromium and its loss in the urine. Zinc and iron in the form of chelating compounds can act as chromium synergists. Chrome is needed: when diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis.

Signs of chromium deficiency. Anxiety, fatigue, insomnia, headaches, fatigue, neuralgia and reduced sensitivity of the limbs, impaired muscle coordination, trembling in the limbs, glucose intolerance (especially in diabetics and in middle-aged and elderly people), changes in blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia), increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus, inadequate metabolism of amino acids, increased levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood (increased risk of developing atherosclerosis), increased risk of developing coronary heart disease, changes in body weight (weight loss, obesity), impaired reproductive function in men. Now chromium deficiency is quite common. Chromium deficiency can develop in people who consume diets high in simple carbohydrates(mental work of the brain, computer work).

Chromium affects lipid metabolism, causing the breakdown of excess fat in the body, which leads to the normalization of body weight and prevents obesity. The effect of chromium on lipid metabolism is also mediated by its regulatory effect on insulin function. Given the above, chrome has great importance for the prevention of diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Chromium improves muscle tone, performance and physical strength. It helps weightlifting and bodybuilding enthusiasts build muscle and improve strength endurance.

Chromium is necessary: ​​for diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis. Chromium deficiency leads to growth retardation, causes neuropathy and disruption of higher nervous activity (nerve activity of nerve trunks from the brain), reduces the fertilizing ability of spermatozoa. It must be emphasized that the abuse of sugar increases the need for chromium and its loss in the urine. With a deficiency of chromium, the ability to include 4 amino acids (glycine, serine, methionine and aminobutyric acid) into the heart muscle is impaired.

An excess of chromium in the body can lead to a significant impairment of human health. Although chromium is vital important element, with excessive intake of chromium compounds into the human body, they are very toxic. The main manifestations of excess chromium: inflammatory diseases with a tendency to damage the mucous membranes (perforation of the nasal septum), allergic diseases, in particular asthmatic bronchitis, bronchial asthma; dermatitis and eczema; astheno-neurotic disorders, increased risk of cancer.

In the form of a natural complex, chromium is present in brewer's yeast, and in this form it is absorbed almost completely. When taken orally in the form of mineral salt, only 3% is absorbed. A catalyst for the breakdown of sugar (fuel for the brain), a lack of chromium in the body is a disease of manual workers. Absorption of chromium increases in the presence of oxalates and decreases in iron deficiency. Assimilated chromium is excreted from the body through the kidneys (80%) and to a lesser extent through the lungs, skin and intestines (about 19%). Absorbed inorganic trivalent chromium is excreted by the kidneys, in small amounts - with falling hair, sweat and bile. Large amounts of chromium may be lost in the bile.

Food sources of chromium: beer, brewer's yeast; cheese, dairy products; meat, veal liver; eggs; mushrooms (champignons, porcini mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, chanterelles, boletus, mushrooms); vegetables: potatoes (especially with skins), white cabbage, hot peppers (chili), sweet peppers, radishes, beets, tomatoes, Jerusalem artichoke, garlic; greens: green onions, chives, parsley, rhubarb (petioles), arugula, dill, garlic greens, spinach; legumes and cereals: beans, peas, corn, oats, millet, soft wheat, durum wheat, rye and other whole grains, beans, lentils, barley; black pepper; fruits: quince, pineapple, cherries, figs, viburnum, sea buckthorn, peaches, feijoa, persimmons, cherries, blueberries, mulberries; dried fruits: raisins, dried figs, dried apricots, dates, prunes; nuts and seeds: peanuts, sesame, poppy, macadamia, almonds, Brazil nuts, pine nuts, pumpkin seeds (garmelon), pistachios, hazelnuts (hazelnut); vegetable oils: corn oil, olive oil; red algae (in cinnabar). In the form of a natural complex, chromium is present in brewer's yeast, and in this form it is absorbed almost completely. When taken orally in the form of mineral salt, it is absorbed by 3%. To reduce chromium deficiency, avoid sugar, sodas, candy, refined white flour products, dry cereals sweetened with sugar substitutes. With excessive consumption of sugar, the loss of chromium in the urine increases, and the need for it increases.

ADR 5.1
Substances that are oxidized
Risk of violent reaction, fire or explosion on contact with flammable or flammable substances
Do not mix cargo with flammable or combustible substances (e.g. sawdust)
Yellow rhombus, ADR number, black flame over circle

ADR 8
Corrosive (caustic) substances
Risk of burns due to skin corrosion. They can react violently with each other (components), with water and other substances. Spilled/scattered material may release corrosive vapours.
They pose a risk to water environment or sewer system
White upper half of the rhombus, black - lower, equal in size, ADR number, test tubes, hands

Name of especially dangerous cargo during transportation	Number UN	Class ADR
Chromium nitrate, see CHROME (III) NITRATE	2720	5.1
Chromium trifluoride, see CHROME FLUORIDE, SOLID	1756	8
Chromyl chloride see CHROME OXYCHLORIDE	1758	8
CHROME (III) NITRATE	2720	5.1
CHROME (III) basic sulfate	2923	8
CHROME nitrate see CHROME (III) NITRATE	2720	5.1
CHROME OXYCHLORIDE	1758	8
CHROME TRIOXIDE ANHYDROUS	1463	5.1
CHROME FLUORIDE, SOLID	1756	8
CHROME FLUORIDE SOLUTION	1757	8

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