GRU, NHEMIAH
(Grew, Nehemiah) (1641-1712), English botanist and physician, one of the founders of plant anatomy. Born September 26, 1641 in Atherstone (Warwickshire). He graduated from the University of Cambridge, in 1671 received a doctorate in medicine from the University of Leiden. Member of the Royal Society of London, since 1677 - its secretary. The main works are devoted to the structure and sex of plants. Conducted microscopic studies of roots, stems, leaves, fruits, seeds. He was the first to describe stomata, the radial arrangement of xylem in roots, the morphology of vascular tissue in the form of a dense formation in the center of the stem of a young plant, and the process of forming a hollow cylinder in old stems. Introduced the term "comparative anatomy". Studying the structure of flowers, I came to the conclusion that they are the organs of fertilization in plants. I singled out the calyx, corolla, pistils and stamens in the flower. He developed the idea of the unity of the structure of tissues, believing that they consist of "bubbles" (cells), fibers and tubes. The main results of Grew's research are presented in the books The Anatomy of Vegetables Begun (1670), An Idea of a Philosophical History of Plants (1672), Anatomy of Plants (The Anatomy of Plants, 1682). Grew died in London on March 25, 1712.
Collier. Collier's Dictionary. 2012
See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what is GRU, NEHEMIA in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:
- GRU NEHEMIA
Gro (Grew) Nehemiah (26. 9. 1641, Atherston, - 25. 3. 1712, London), English botanist and physician. Secretary … - GRU
(Grew) Nehemiah (1641-1712) English botanist, one of the founders of plant anatomy. He described the microstructure of the root, stem, leaves, etc., some species ... - GRU in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
Grew Nehemiah (1641-1712) botanist, one of the founders of the anatomy of districts. Described the microstructure of the root, stem, leaves, etc., some species ... - NHEMIAH
(whom Jehovah comforts): 1 Ezra 2:2 - from the heads and leaders of the Jews who returned from captivity with Zerubbabel. Nehemiah 3:16 - son of... - NHEMIAH
one of the Jewish patriots who worked hard to restore Jerusalem and the temple after the Babylonian captivity. He was the butler of the Persian king Artaxerxes. … - GRU in encyclopedic dictionary Brockhaus and Euphron:
(Nehemiah Grew, 1628-1711) - famous English. botanist, considered next to Malpighi the founder of the microscopic anatomy of plants. G. was a doctor, but mostly ... - NHEMIAH
? one of the Jewish patriots who worked hard to restore Jerusalem and the temple after the Babylonian captivity. He was the butler of the Persian king... - GRU in the Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron:
(Nehemiah Grew, 1628-1711) ? famous English botanist, considered next to Malpighi as the founder of microscopic plant anatomy. G. was a doctor, but mostly ... - GRU in Modern explanatory dictionary, TSB:
(Grew) Nehemiah (1641-1712), English botanist, one of the founders of plant anatomy. He described the microstructure of the root, stem, leaves, etc., some ... - NHEMIAH aka TEERSHAFA in the Bible Encyclopedia of Nicephorus:
(Nehemiah 8:9). Tirshafa - the title of the head or governor of the Persian in Judea, used in the sacred. books as applied to Zerubbabel and ... - NEHEMIA AND ATHARIA in the Bible Encyclopedia of Nicephorus:
(2 Ezra 5:40). In a parallel place (1 Ezra 2:63), instead of Nehemiah and Atfarius, only: ... - CYTOLOGY
- OLD TESTAMENT - MASORETIC CANON.
According to the Masoretic canon, the Old Testament consists of three sections: 1. Pentateuch (Five Books of Moses, or Torah: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers… - OLD TESTAMENT - CANON OF THE SEPTUAGINT. in the Concise Religious Dictionary:
According to the Septuagint, the Old Testament consists of the following components: The Five Books of Moses, or the Torah: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy), Joshua, ... - SAMARIAN in the Bible Dictionary:
- a people formed from a mixture of colonists resettled by Sargon in Samaria conquered by him (2 Kings 17:24), with insignificant remnants of the local Israeli population (2 Chronicles 30: 6, 10, 18; ... - SHEMAIA in the Bible Encyclopedia of Nicephorus:
(God hears): 1 Chronicles 3:22; son of Shehaniah, from the line of David. 1 Chronicles 9:14 - the son of Hashub, from the Levites, from the sons of Merar. 1Pair … - TOVIA in the Bible Encyclopedia of Nicephorus:
(God is good) - the name of several persons: Tov 1:9 - the son of Tobit, about whom it was said above. 2 Chronicles 17:8 - one... - KEDRON in the Bible Encyclopedia of Nicephorus:
(black, dark) - the name of the stream, valley and place mentioned in the Bible: 2 Kings 15:23, 1 Kings 2:37, etc. The name of the stream that flowed ... - GAHALIA in the Bible Encyclopedia of Nicephorus:
(perhaps the adornment of the Lord; Nehemiah 10:1) - the father of Nehemiah, who undoubtedly came from some famous Jewish family, since he ... - Cupbearer in the Bible Encyclopedia of Nicephorus:
(Gen 11:1) - The position of butler was considered very important in the ancient eastern countries, such as in Egypt, where, as you know, ... - NEEM 8
Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Bible. Old Testament. Book of Nehemiah. Chapter 8 Chapters: 1 2 3 4 5 ... - NEEM 3 in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Bible. Old Testament. Book of Nehemiah. Chapter 3 Chapters: 1 2 3 4 5 ... - NEEM 10 in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree.
- 2 MAC 1 in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Bible. Old Testament. The second book of Maccabees. Chapter 1 Chapters: 1 2 3 4 ... - 2 RIDE 5 in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Bible. Old Testament. The second book of Ezra. Chapter 5 Chapters: 1 2 3 4 ... - 1941.11.01
U.S. Ambassador to Japan Joseph GRU warns the U.S. government of an impending attack... - 1940.10.23 in Pages of History What, where, when:
The American ambassador to Japan, the GRU, reports that military extremists are coming to power in the country. Once the most capable naval commander,... - GRU N. in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
see Gru... - CYTOLOGY in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
(from cyto ... and ... ology), the science of the cell. Z. studies the cells of multicellular animals, plants, nuclear-cytoplasmic complexes, not dissected ... - THERMODIFUSION in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
(thermal, or thermal, diffusion), the transfer of components of gas mixtures or solutions under the influence of a temperature gradient. If the temperature difference is kept constant,... - NECHEMIA in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
Nehemiah, dignitary (cupbearer) of the Persian king Artaxerxes 1, in 445-433 BC. e. was the leader (foot) of the Jewish civil-temple community in the Persian ... - CELL THEORY in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
theory, one of the major biological generalizations, asserting the common origin, as well as the unity of the principle of structure and development of the world of plants and the world ... - JUDAISM in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
religion that arose in the 1st millennium BC. e. in Palestine; common among Jews. About the number of believers (Jews) of reliable statistics ... - DENMARK in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
(Danmark), Kingdom of Denmark (Kongeriget Danmark). I. General information D. is a state in Western Europe, located on the Jutland peninsula, the Danish archipelago, ... - HISTOLOGY in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
(from the Greek histos - tissue and ... ology), the science of the tissues of multicellular animals and humans. Anatomy is the study of plant tissue... - BOTANY in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
(from the Greek botanikos - related to plants, botane - grass, plant), the science of plants. B. covers a huge range of problems: patterns ... - BIOLOGY in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
(from bio... and...logy), the totality of the sciences of wildlife. The subject of study of B. is all manifestations of life: structure and ... - PLANT ANATOMY in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
plants, a branch of botany that studies internal structure plants. A. r. is part of a more general botanical discipline - plant morphology, ... - HEVRON in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
one of the oldest cities in southern Palestine, 31 km southwest of Jerusalem, at 920 m above sea level. seas, in... - MALPIGI MARCHELLO in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
(Marcello Malpighi) - the famous Italian anatomist, physiologist, botanist and physicist, b. in 1628 near Bologna, studied at the University of Bologna, ... - CELL in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron.
- JERUSALEM in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
b26_656-0.jpg (lat. Hierosolyma, in Ursalimmu cuneiform inscriptions, in Schalam hieroglyphs, Hebrew Jeruschalajim, Turkish Soliman or K?dsi Sch?rif, Arabic EI-Kuds, vol. …
Cell.
A cell is an ordered structured system of biopolymers (proteins, nucleic acids) and their macromolecular complexes limited by an active membrane, participating in a single set of metabolic and energy processes that maintain and reproduce the entire system as a whole. The cell is a self-sustaining and self-reproducing system of biopolymers. This definition gives a description of the basic properties of "living" - the reproduction of what is similar to itself from what is unlike itself.
History of microscopic technology.
It is impossible to determine exactly who invented the microscope. According to one version, the inventors of the microscope were the Dutch eyeglass maker Hans Jansen and his son Zachary Jansen in 1590, but this was a statement by Zachary Jansen himself in the middle of the 17th century. The date is not exact, as it turned out that Zechariah was born around 1590. According to another version, the first microscope was invented by Galileo Galilei in 1608-1609. He developed the "occhiolino" or compound microscope with convex and concave lenses.
1600- Christian Huygens invented a simple two-lens eyepiece system, which achromatically adjusted.
1608 - 1609 Galileo Gililei invented the convex telescope.
1625 - M. Adams introduced the term "microscope".
1632 - Anton Van Leeuwenhoek is credited with being the first to bring the microscope to the attention of biologists, handmade, Van Leeuwenhoek's microscopes were very small items with a single, very strong lens. They were inconvenient to use, but allowed very detailed viewing of images.
2006 - German scientists Stefan Hell and Mariano Bossi developed an optical microscope called the Nanoscope, which makes it possible to observe objects as small as 10 nm and obtain high-quality 3D images
The first microscopists
Robert Hooke. He published the results of his microscopic studies in 1665 in the monograph "Micrography or physiological description of the smallest bodies examined with a microscope." Hooke studied, among many other objects, thin sections of plants. Studying cork sections, Hooke found closed bubbles - cells and called them "cells".
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek. He discovered the world of microscopic animals - ciliates, first described erythrocytes and spermatozoa.
Caspar Friedrich Wolf - in 1759 in his dissertation "Theory of Origin" for the first time tried to explain the emergence of new plant cells during growth. He believed that a liquid substance in the form of a droplet is squeezed out of the already existing sac cells, the surface of the drop hardens and the drop turns into a new sac cell.
Xavier Bichat - back in 1801 gave a classification of tissues at the macroscopic level - identified 21 tissues; organs are formed by a combination of different tissues.
Jan Purkinje and his school in 1830-45 used coloring, clarification of sections with balm, created a microtome; all this made it possible to study the cells of animal tissues under a microscope.
German scientists Leydig and Kelliker in 1835-37 tried to create the first microscopic classification of tissues.
Matthias Schleiden in 1838 created the theory of cytogenesis.
Theodor Schwann in 1839, based on Schleiden's theory of cytogenesis, created the cell theory.
Rudolf Virchow - had a great influence on the further development of cell theory and in general on the doctrine of the cell.
E. Strasburger (1884) put forward a hypothesis about the significance of the nucleus as a carrier of hereditary properties. He proposed the terms prophase, metaphase, anaphase, haploid and diploid number of chromosomes - i.e. studied the process of mitosis.
Kovalevsky is one of the founders of comparative embryology, experimental and evolutionary histology; established a unified plan for the development of multicellular organisms; substantiated the theory of germ layers as formations underlying the unity of development of all mammals.
Zavarzin - proposed the theory of "parallel rows in tissue evolution" - the evolution of tissues in different types and classes of animals occurs in a similar way, in parallel rows, therefore, in different animals, tissues with related functions have a similar structure.
Khlopin - created the theory of "divergent tissue evolution" - tissues develop divergently in evolution and ontogenesis, by divergence of signs. Therefore, in each of the 4 main groups of tissues, it is proposed to distinguish subgroups or types of tissues according to their origin, source of development.
Description of the plant cell and tissue by R. Hooke (1665), M. Malpighi (1671) and N. Grew (1671).
In 1665, the Englishman Robert Hooke built his own microscope and, trying to understand why the cork tree floats so well, he began to examine thin sections of cork. He found that the cork was divided into many tiny cells, which reminded him of monastic cells, and he called these cells cells. Thus, he established the cellular structure of tissues. In 1671, Malpighi and Grue simultaneously and independently confirmed Hooke's discovery by showing that plants are composed of closely spaced "vesicles" or "sacs". Malpighi called his work "Review of plant anatomy", and Grew - "The beginning of plant anatomy". The greatest merit of these scientists is that they founded the doctrine of plant anatomy, although Robert Hooke as early as 1667 pointed out the cellular structure of some parts of plants. They began to talk about the cell as a "bubble filled with nutritious juice." Malpighi and Grew formulated the first foam-cell theory: just as foam is made up of bubbles, tissue is made up of bubble-cells. The cell was considered as an element, as an integral part of the fabric. Cells are separated from each other by common partitions and therefore cannot be conceived outside the tissue, outside the organism. After the studies of Hooke, Malpighi and Grew, the existence of cell-cells in plant cells was not in doubt, but due importance was not attached to this fact. That is, the role of the cell as the basic structural unit of all living organisms has not yet been recognized. The first cytologists gave great importance the structure of the cell membrane, underestimating the value of the contents of the cell - the protoplast. These misconceptions dominated biology for nearly a hundred and fifty years. Meanwhile, the development of the theory of the cell progressed as the structure of the microscope improved, which first had a tripod with a movable tube, then an illuminating mirror and an achromatic lens - a complex lens consisting of diverging and converging lenses.
Hooke's propaganda of the microscope and the facts he discovered did their job.
Two of his contemporaries are already systematically studying the microscopic and revealing the cellular structure in various plant organs. The simultaneity of their work, due to which even a dispute over priority arose between them, is an indicator that the need for the use of a microscope for studying plants has matured enough and the value of a new instrument for scientific research is no longer in doubt.
Marcello Malpighi(Marcello Malpighi, 1628-1694) - Italian scientist, one of the most remarkable naturalists of the 17th century. - presented in December 1671 to the Royal Society of London the first part of his work, entitled "The idea of plant anatomy" (Anatomes plantarum idea). This work is one of the first works where the microscope was used for the systematic study of a specific biological problem. The success of the new instrument was brilliant.
Malpighi was a type of scientist-encyclopedist, characteristic of the initial period of the development of natural science. His interests include practical medicine, anatomy, zoology, and botany. At the same time, for Malpighi, the facts are in the first place, this is a scientist working with the inductive method of Bacon and not in a hurry to generalize the data obtained.
Italy, where Malpighi was born and worked, was in the 17th century. a country of advanced science, with numerous universities and academies. Medicine was at that time in its infancy. Medical practice was not based on rational grounds, but rested on rough empirical evidence and traditional, in most fantastic teachings, not based on data from anatomy and physiology. Malpighi was fortunate to have teachers who were not satisfied with this scholastic medicine based on authorities. One of his teachers, Massari, organized the "Anatomical Choir", where the young Malpighi took an active part. Here he received a scientific education and a taste for independent research.
Shortly after graduating from the university and receiving the degree of doctor of medicine, Malpighi becomes a professor in Bologna, and then in Pisa and Messina. Beginning in 1662, over the next five years, Malpighi engaged in a systematic study of the structure of plants. Not limited to studying the features available to the naked eye, Malpighi is studying the microscopic structure of various plant organs.
What tool Malpighi used in his research is unclear. Möbius (1937) suggests that this was an instrument made by Divini.
The mentioned work of his, like the later work "Anatomy of Plants" (1672-1675), lays the foundations of this area of botany and rightly belongs to the classical scientific literary heritage. Describing the structure of various parts of plants (leaves, bark, wood, etc.), Malpighi notes that they consist of microscopic sacs and tubes. He does not use Hooke's term "cell" and speaks of sacs or vesicles (utriculi, sacculi), denoting by this name the same that Hooke described under the name of cells. As the tables with drawings attached to Malpighi's writings show, he clearly saw the cellular structure in various parts of plants. Nevertheless, Malpighi does not generalize from the observations made, and the facts concerning the cellular structure of plants remain scattered and unsystematized.
Malpighi also did a lot of microscopic examination of animal and human organs. Until now, a number of histological structures bear his name. But the elementary structure of the tissues of the animal organism remained unrecognized by Malpighi. The microscopes of that time, and most importantly the lack of rational methods for preparing organs for microscopic examination, did not make it possible to see cells or at least outline some commonality in the microscopic structure of organs and animals.
The same applies to embryology. Like Harvey, Malpighi is one of the first embryologists; in 1672 he published his treatise on the development of the chicken, which he studied using a microscope. But even here there are no observations about the elementary structures of a developing embryo, which, however, is quite understandable, since it is even more difficult to see embryonic cells than tissue cells of a formed organism.
Summing up, we can say: Malpighi saw cells, but he did not see the cellular structure of plants. N. A. Kholodkovsky (1923) is right when he notes in Malpighi’s biography that the latter “was an active and talented pioneer in the field of histology, embryology and botany, but he can rather be called the forerunner than the founder of these scientific disciplines.”
Malpighi's fame as a pioneer in the field of plant anatomy was challenged by his contemporary, an English scientist Nehemiah Grew(Nehemiah Grew, 1641-1712). Gru started his career as a practical doctor. From 1667, he became secretary of the Royal Society of London, to which in 1671, almost simultaneously with Malpighi, he presented his essay "The Beginnings of Plant Anatomy."
Malpighi and Gru were in many ways opposite figures. Gru justified his studies in science primarily with orthodox motives - comprehension of the work of the creator; Malpighi openly said that the desire to explore is a subjective impulse, which he calls the human itch for knowledge. Möbius (1937) believes that Malpighi was more brilliant, but Grew was more thoroughly and deeply interested in the subject of research. One must agree with this opinion G. Unlike Malpighi with his encyclopedic interests, Gru is mainly engaged in plant anatomy.
Regardless of Malpighi, Gru discovers cells and vessels in plants, describing them in even more detail than the first. To designate cells, he uses the same term "sacs", "vesicles", and under this name cells appear almost up to early XIX in. According to Grew, the "vesicles" of the parenchyma of plant organs are closed, their walls are not penetrated by pores. Gru compares the cellular structure of the parenchyma to beer foam. And again - this is so characteristic of the biology of the century under consideration - Grew does not make any generalizations regarding the structure of plants from "bubbles", although he saw them everywhere, which can be concluded from the numerous and beautifully executed drawings attached to his writings. However, compared with Hooke, Gru takes a decisive step forward, since he shows that "pores" (that is, cells) are characteristic of all plant organs.
Gru for the first time introduces the term "tissue" into biology, which plays such a important role in modern morphology. However, Grew's concept of tissue meant only that he imagined the structure of plants like the weaving of a textile fabric, as an interweaving of thin fibers running up and down and forming a finely looped network. These fibers bind the sacs, fibers and vessels of plants together. Gru was led to such an idea by the small dangling fibers that he observed when dissecting plants.
Comparing the works on plant anatomy by Malpighi and Grue, almost simultaneously presented to the Royal Society of London, Sachs (J. Sachs, 1875), the author of an excellent history of botany, notes that Malpighi's work was rather an ingeniously made sketch, where the author established only the basic structure of plants; on the contrary, Gru's work was a manual, carefully worked out in every detail. For the history of cell theory, Grew's works were important primarily as a work that aroused the idea that various plants and their various organs have some kind of common fine structure. But, of course, Gru was far from thinking that the sacs that he observed had the value of an independent elementary anatomical unit. Like Hooke and Malpighi, Gru saw the cellular structure of plants, described it and depicted it in his excellent illustrations, but he did not understand this structure and, in fact, did not know the cell.
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GRU Nehemiah
(Grew, Nehemiah)
(1641-1712), English botanist and physician, one of the founders of plant anatomy. Born September 26, 1641 in Atherstone (Warwickshire). He graduated from the University of Cambridge, in 1671 received a doctorate in medicine from the University of Leiden. Member of the Royal Society of London, since 1677 - its secretary. The main works are devoted to the structure and sex of plants. Conducted microscopic studies of roots, stems, leaves, fruits, seeds. He was the first to describe stomata, the radial arrangement of xylem in roots, the morphology of vascular tissue in the form of a dense formation in the center of the stem of a young plant, and the process of forming a hollow cylinder in old stems. Introduced the term "comparative anatomy". Studying the structure of flowers, I came to the conclusion that they are the organs of fertilization in plants. I singled out the calyx, corolla, pistils and stamens in the flower. He developed the idea of the unity of the structure of tissues, believing that they consist of "bubbles" (cells), fibers and tubes. The main results of Grew's research are presented in the books The Anatomy of Vegetables Begun (1670), An Idea of a Philosophical History of Plants (1672), Anatomy of Plants (The Anatomy of Plants, 1682). Grew died in London on March 25, 1712.
Collier Encyclopedia. - Open society. 2000 .
See what "GRU Nehemiah" is in other dictionaries:
Grew (1641-1712), English botanist, one of the founders of plant anatomy. Described the microstructure of the root, stem, leaves, etc., some types of cells (1682). Introduced the concepts of "tissue" and "parenchyma". * * * GRU Nehemiah GRU (Gru) (Grew) Nehemiah… … encyclopedic Dictionary
Nehemiah Grew Grew, Nehemiah ... Wikipedia
Grew, Grew (Grew) Nehemiah (26. 9. 1641, Atherston, ≈ 25. 3. 1712, London), English botanist and physician. Secretary of the Royal Society of London (since 1677). Along with M. Malpighi was the founder of plant anatomy. In the work "Plant Anatomy" ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Grew, Nehemiah Nehemiah Grew Grew, Nehemiah Date of birth ... Wikipedia
GRYU (Gru) (Grew) Nehemiah (1641 1712) English botanist, one of the founders of plant anatomy. Described the microstructure of the root, stem, leaves, etc., some types of cells (1682). Introduced the concepts of tissue and parenchyma ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Nehemiah Grew- (1641 - 1712). English botanist and physician, microscopist, founder of plant anatomy. The main works are devoted to the structure and sex of plants. Along with M. Malpighi was the founder of plant anatomy. First described stomata, radial ... General Embryology: Terminological Dictionary
Plan:
- Introduction
- 1 Biography
- 2 Main achievements
- 3 Interesting Facts
- 4 Works by Nehemiah Grew Sources
Introduction
Nehemiah Grew(Grew, Nehemiah; 1641, Atherston - 1712, London) - English botanist and physician, microscopist, founder of plant anatomy. He graduated from the University of Cambridge, in 1671 received a doctorate in medicine from the University of Leiden. Member of the Royal Society of London, since 1677 - its secretary.
1. Biography
He received a licentiate degree from Pembroke Hall, University of Cambridge in 1661, a doctorate in medicine from Leiden University (Netherlands) in 1671. First he practiced in Coventry, later moved to London. Animal anatomy classes led him to the idea of applying the same approach to the study and classification of plants, which resulted in his first work. Anatomy of Vegetables Begun, which was presented to the Royal Society of London in 1672 simultaneously with M. Malpighi's manuscript on the same subject.
2. Main achievements
The main works are devoted to the structure and sex of plants. Along with M. Malpighi was the founder of plant anatomy. He was the first to describe stomata, the radial arrangement of xylem in roots, the morphology of vascular tissue in the form of a dense formation in the center of the stem of a young plant, and the process of forming a hollow cylinder in old stems. Introduced the term "comparative anatomy", introduced the concepts of "tissue" and "parenchyma" into botany. Studying the structure of flowers, I came to the conclusion that they are the organs of fertilization in plants.
In The Anatomy of Plants, 1682. described the microscopic structure of the root, stem, leaves, fruits, seeds, etc. He developed the idea of the unity of the microscopic structure of various organs, which he reduced to three elements: “vesicles” (cells), fibers, tubes. described the stomata. He considered flowers to be the reproductive organs of plants.
In 1695, for the first time, he isolated from the water of a mineral spring in Epsom a substance called Epsom salt - magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, known as Epsom salt, magnesia (zharg).
3. Interesting facts
- The idea of calling the [stamen] with pollen the male organ of plants, and the [pistil] the female, expressed in The Anatomy of Plants was prompted by Sir Thomas Millington, a surgeon.
4. Works by Nehemiah Grew
- Anatomy of plants and their development. - (English) The Anatomy of Vegetables Begun ), (1670).
- Philosophical history of plants. - (English) An Idea of a Philosophical History of Plants ), (1672).
- Plant anatomy. - (English) The Anatomy of Plants), (1682).
This abstract is based on an article from the Russian Wikipedia. Synchronization completed 07/14/11 07:46:18
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