Did it happen that you went to the Republic of Tatarstan on vacation or for work? Then you are in luck, Tatarstan, this is a wonderful place where you can relax even during a business trip. The incredible landscapes with which this republic is filled cannot but sink into the soul and please the eye. Arriving for work or on vacation, for example, in Kazan, you can visit one of 7 theaters, one or several museums, there are 388 of them throughout the republic, or admire the wonderful rivers Volga and Kama.

Undoubtedly, in big cities, the local population knows Russian well, but what if you need to communicate with the inhabitants of the provinces? In this case, our Russian-Tatar phrasebook will help you, which consists of several useful topics.

Appeals

The language barrier

Numerals

Properties

Colors

Character traits

Time

Pronunciation

Acquaintance

Appeal

Congratulation

Invitation

Parting

Thanks, please

Apology, consent, refusal

In hotel

At the hairdresser

Dream

In the town

Journey

In transport

In a restaurant, cafe

Mail, phone

Meeting, greeting, acquaintance - here you will find suitable words to get to know a person, say hello or make an appointment, and all this is in the Tatar language.

Language - words that will help you better understand what the other person is saying.

Account - translation and correct sounding of the account in Tatar, from 1 to billion.

Properties - words and phrases that will help you characterize a person by his external and psychological characteristics.

Colors - pronunciation and translation of colors and shades.

Character traits - with the help of the words presented here, you can describe the character traits of any person or your own.

Time is a translation of words that are directly related to time.

Pronunciation - phrases and words that will help you find out from the locals whether you have the correct pronunciation of Tatar, you can also ask to write a particular word on a piece of paper or explain how to pronounce the words of interest to you.

Acquaintance - a list of phrases through which you can start an acquaintance.

Appeal - words that help start a conversation or call someone.

Congratulations are all you need for congratulations in the Tatar language.

Invitation - words that will help you invite a person to visit.

Farewell is a list of parting words and phrases.

Gratitude, request - if you need to thank a person or ask for something, you will find the right words in this section.

Apology, agreement, refusal - words that will help you in different form agree on something with the interlocutor, refuse him or ask for an apology for something.

Hotel - if you have arrived in Tatarstan for a long time, you will probably have to rent a hotel room, with this task and throughout your stay, this section will help you to cope.

Barber - words with which you can explain what kind of haircut you prefer.

Sleep - phrases that sometimes have to be used before bedtime.

City - a list of phrases that will help you find everything you need in the city, asking passers-by where to go or where this or that building is.

Travel - If you are traveling in Tatarstan, this list of words will definitely come in handy for you more than once. With the help of them, you will find out where it is better to go, what is the history of this or that building or monument, and so on.

Transport - words related to the rental of transport, travel by buses, trains and other types of transport.

Restaurant - if you are hungry, you will want to have a hearty meal, but if you do not know the Tatar language, you will not even be able to call a waiter and order a dish. For such cases, this topic was created.

Mail, phone - do you need to replenish your phone card, send a parcel, or just find out something at the post office? Then open this section, and you will definitely find the right words.

Did it happen that you went to the Republic of Tatarstan on vacation or for work? Then you are in luck, Tatarstan, this is a wonderful place where you can relax even during a business trip. The incredible landscapes with which this republic is filled cannot but sink into the soul and please the eye. Arriving for work or on vacation, for example, in Kazan, you can visit one of 7 theaters, one or several museums, there are 388 of them throughout the republic, or admire the wonderful rivers Volga and Kama.

Undoubtedly, in big cities, the local population knows Russian well, but what if you need to communicate with the inhabitants of the provinces? In this case, our Russian-Tatar phrasebook will help you, which consists of several useful topics.

Appeals

The language barrier

Numerals

Properties

Colors

Character traits

Time

Pronunciation

Acquaintance

Appeal

Congratulation

Invitation

Parting

Thanks, please

Apology, consent, refusal

In hotel

At the hairdresser

Dream

In the town

Journey

In transport

In a restaurant, cafe

Mail, phone

Meeting, greeting, acquaintance - here you will find suitable words to get to know a person, say hello or make an appointment, and all this is in the Tatar language.

Language - words that will help you better understand what the other person is saying.

Account - translation and correct sounding of the account in Tatar, from 1 to billion.

Properties - words and phrases that will help you characterize a person by his external and psychological characteristics.

Colors - pronunciation and translation of colors and shades.

Character traits - with the help of the words presented here, you can describe the character traits of any person or your own.

Time is a translation of words that are directly related to time.

Pronunciation - phrases and words that will help you find out from the locals whether you have the correct pronunciation of Tatar, you can also ask to write a particular word on a piece of paper or explain how to pronounce the words of interest to you.

Acquaintance - a list of phrases through which you can start an acquaintance.

Appeal - words that help start a conversation or call someone.

Congratulations are all you need for congratulations in the Tatar language.

Invitation - words that will help you invite a person to visit.

Farewell is a list of parting words and phrases.

Gratitude, request - if you need to thank a person or ask for something, you will find the right words in this section.

Apology, consent, refusal - words that will help you in various forms to agree on something with the interlocutor, refuse him or ask for an apology for something.

Hotel - if you have arrived in Tatarstan for a long time, you will probably have to rent a hotel room, with this task and throughout your stay, this section will help you to cope.

Barber - words with which you can explain what kind of haircut you prefer.

Sleep - phrases that sometimes have to be used before bedtime.

City - a list of phrases that will help you find everything you need in the city, asking passers-by where to go or where this or that building is.

Travel - If you are traveling in Tatarstan, this list of words will definitely come in handy for you more than once. With the help of them, you will find out where it is better to go, what is the history of this or that building or monument, and so on.

Transport - words related to the rental of transport, travel by buses, trains and other types of transport.

Restaurant - if you are hungry, you will want to have a hearty meal, but if you do not know the Tatar language, you will not even be able to call a waiter and order a dish. For such cases, this topic was created.

Mail, phone - do you need to replenish your phone card, send a parcel, or just find out something at the post office? Then open this section, and you will definitely find the right words.

Tatar is spoken by over 5 million people living in the national republic, as well as in and other regions of the Russian Federation. In Tatarstan, the full functioning of the national language is ensured by teaching in educational institutions, in particular, at Kazan University, teaching in Tatar was introduced at the Law, Philology and Faculty of Journalism. Numerous printed publications, television and radio broadcasts, etc., contribute to the maintenance of the language.

History of the Tatar language

At the origins of the Tatar language are the languages ​​of the Turkic group: Bulgar, Kypchak, Chagatai. The process of formation took place simultaneously with the development of the culture of the Tatars, who settled in the Volga and Ural regions. In close communication with representatives of the indigenous and newcomer population of the inhabited lands, there was a mutual enrichment of languages. In Tatar, the influence of the Russian, Mordovian, Udmurt, Ugric, and Persian languages ​​is clearly traced. Particularly indicative are the phonetic features of the Tatar, adopted from the Finno-Ugric languages ​​and distinguishing it from other representatives of the Turkic group.

The most ancient monument of Tatar literature is the poem "Kyssa-i Yosyf", written in the first half of the 13th century. Kul Gali. In the poem the Bulgaro-Kypchak elements are combined with the Oguz ones. During the time of the Golden Horde, the Volga language Türks was used in the territories inhabited by the Tatars. Under the rule of the Kazan Khanate, the Old Tatar language was formed with many borrowings from Arabic and Persian. The language was available to literate representatives of society, ordinary people did not know this form of language. Russisms penetrated into Tatar language as a result of the conquest of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible.

At the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. the intelligentsia mastered the Ottoman vocabulary. The modern Tatar language based on the Kazan dialect began to take shape in the second half of the 19th century. After the revolution of 1905, there was a fusion of the literary and colloquial forms of the language. The active development of terminology took place in the 20-30s of the last century, when the language was replenished with new words of the Arab-Persian, Russian and international vocabulary. At the same time, there was a transition to the Cyrillic alphabet.

• In, and Basque languages ​​"Tatarstan" is written "Tartaristán, Tartaristão, Tartaria". The double letter "p" is used in (sauce tartare), (Strait of Tartary), (Stretto dei Tartari), (Tartarsundet) and some other languages.
• The British call the stubborn boys Tartar - "young tartar".
• The decisive act of the Japanese was called the "Tatar step".
• IN explanatory dictionary Dahl and the Brockhaus and Efron encyclopedia say that the cry "hurray" is a form of the Tatar word "ur" - bey.
• Tatar writing until 1927 was based on the Arabic alphabet, in 1927-1939. in Latin, since 1939 - in Cyrillic.
• The Constitution of Tatarstan enshrines the right of every citizen to receive a Russian passport with an insert in the Tatar language.
• Kul Gali's poem "Kyssa-i Yosyf", written in the XIII century, until the XIX century. passed down in manuscripts. The literary work was so popular that the book had to be in the dowry of every Tatar girl.
• The first printed book in the Tatar language was published in Leipzig in 1612.

We guarantee acceptable quality, since the texts are translated directly, without using a buffer language, using the technology

The speech behavior of Tatar speakers depends on age. Traditional and specific features are most clearly and relatively pure in the older generation. Probably, some phenomena in the speech behavior of the Tatars are also explained by the influence of Islam. The speech behavior of the younger generation is often characterized by the influence of the Russian language.

Welcome

Establishing contact during communication begins with greetings that are dependent on the participants. Greetings "assalamyagalyaikem!" and the answer is "Vägalyaykemyassalam!" used in the speech of old people, although they can also occur among young people. The Tatars greet the hand, shaking both hands. It is considered disrespectful to give only one hand to the elderly. Most commonly used is "Isyanmesez!" (Hello!). Greetings to Hayerle Irtya! Haerle Kon! Haerle kitsch! (Good morning! Good afternoon! Good evening!) Are used in formal setting, among the intelligentsia. A handshake is optional.

Are Nihal's greetings somewhat colloquial and familiar? (How are you?) Saums? (lit. Are you healthy?), Saumisez! (lit. Are you healthy) Syalam! (Hey!). Among the students, under the influence of Russian speech, Chao is used in a joking style! Salute!

Appeal

To close acquaintances, relatives, the appeal is always "you". The polite form of addressing "you" spread under the influence of Russian speech and acquired a normality when addressing strangers, while observing the subordination between the interlocutors, as an expression of respectful attitude.

A peculiarity for Tatar speech is the appeal to relatives using the term of kinship: apa (sister), aby (older brother), enem (younger brother), apam (my sister), senel (sister), life (uncle), baldyz (sister-in-law) ... Earlier, such appeals to close relatives as "chibar apa" (beautiful sister), "alma apa" (apple-sister), "shikar apa" (sugar + sister), "bialakiai abyi" (little brother), " erak abi "(distant grandmother) and others.

The appeal of children to their grandfather and grandmother was preserved in the form of abi, babai, dyau ani, dyau ati (in dialects there are forms zur ani - zur ati, kart ati - kart ani).

Names of loved ones

The Tatars have developed a whole system of appeals to loved ones, close people, characterized by benevolence, emotionality: kaderlem - my dear, soykly - my dear, altyn - my gold, kugarchen - my dove, was old - my nightingale, akosh - my swan, akyll - my clever , zhanim - my soul, zhankisagem - a particle of my soul, byagyrem (literally my liver) - dear, byagyrkyem - my dear, etc.

It is also peculiar that strangers and relatives are addressed in the form "name + generic term": Kamil aby, Alsu apa, Myarfuga abystay, Gafur enem, etc.

In a formal setting

In the 30-50s, there was a custom among young people to name officials according to their uniform: Abdullin aby, Shakirova apa.

Under the influence of the Russian language, the address in official communication in the form of a name and patronymic was included: Timur Arslanovich, Shiaukat Kadyrovich, Luiza Mardievna, Alsu Giniyatovna, etc. This tendency is currently somewhat decreasing.

Formality is also distinguished by the form of address: iptyash Salikhov (comrade Salikhov), iptyash Kyarimova (comrade Karimov). This form is no longer active.

Before the revolution, the wife's address to her husband was characterized by the fact that it was impossible to pronounce the husband's name aloud: it was taboo.

Instead of a name, they spoke atise (his father), anise, anasy (his mother), sin (you), sina aityam (I say to you), etc. At present, men refer to their wives by name, and so do wives to their husbands. ...

However, the name cards (literally old man), karchyk (literally old woman), khatyn (wife), etc. are widely used.

At present, appeals in the form of Galia khanim, Mansur afyand, Fyaridya tutash (khanym - khanum, afyande - lord, tutash - young lady) are becoming more and more widespread.

Among the Tatars, nicknames were widespread, which were given based on ethnic characteristics, the originality of social and external characteristics personality, peculiarities of his behavior, speech, clothing, profession, character of the dwelling, curiosities associated with man, etc. There are many nicknames by the names of animals and birds: Ayu Vyali, Saeskan Safura, Tolke Gata, Tavyk Gafur, etc. There are more nicknames endowed with men than women. Nicknames are often used before the names of individuals.

You can also greet the interlocutor with a nod of your head (forward and downward), raising your headdress, raising your hand.

Polite conversation

The conversation takes place while sitting, talking while standing is considered a little indecent. Usually Tatars do not start the business part of the conversation right away. As a rule, it takes place at the table, at tea, which is a sign of both respect and hospitality. The non-informative part of the conversation is followed by the business part, which sets out the purpose of the speaker's visit. The conversation ends with gratitude for the treat, wishing the owners of well-being (Syegyzga ryakhmyat - thanks for your treat; kormyategezgya ryahmyat - thank you for your respect). When a guest leaves, he usually apologizes in the form of "Gayep ittep kalmagyz" (literally, "Don't blame me"), to which the host replies "usegez gaep ittep kitmyagez" ("Do not leave yourself with condemnation").

Communication takes place in the form of a dialogue, where non-informative questions play an important role in order to start a conversation, particles for maintaining and continuing the conversation, modal words. When parting, the Tatars say hush - hushygyz (goodbye - goodbye), sau bul - sau bulygyz (literally, be healthy - be healthy), isyan bul - isyan bulygyz (literally, be alive - be alive). More vernacular are hush ittek (said goodbye), isyanlektya (literally being healthy). When parting for a limited period, they began to use phrases from the Russian language kichka kadar (until evening), irtyagya kadar (until tomorrow), khyazerga (for now). Accompanying wishes are tynych yoky ( Good night), haerle ton (good night), onytyp betermyagez (do not forget), kilegez (come), kergyalagez (come in), shylyratygyz (call), aniennyargya syalam (ait) - (say hello to your mother), tagyn kilegez (still come). When the interlocutor leaves, wishes of a good journey are used: khaerle syagattya (in a good hour), izge syagattya (in a good hour), haerle yul (good journey), haerle syafar bulsyn (let it be a good journey), yulyn (yulygyz) un bulsyn (let the road will be successful), ak yul sezgya (lit. white path to you). When an unwanted interlocutor leaves or leaves, there is a wish - yulyna ak zhyaymya (like a tablecloth). Farewell is accompanied by gestures: waving a raised hand either forward or slightly in different directions.

Congratulations and wishes

The well-manneredness of the speakers is clearly manifested in congratulations. The word kotlyim (congratulations) is often omitted, as in Russian: byyram belyan (happy holiday); Yana ate belyan (Happy New Year); Tugan konen belyan (happy birthday); zhinu kone belyan (happy Victory Day).

At the birth of a child, congratulations are accompanied by wishes: ozyn gomerle bulsyn (lit. let it be long-term), tyaufygygy belyan tusyn (lit. let him be born decent), mobaryak bulsyn (let it be stately).

Congratulations on the renewal are also accompanied by wishes such as boilers bulsyn (literally, let it be happy), zhyly tianandya tuzsyn (literally, let it wear out on your warm body), ostyaule ciy (mal) bulsyn (literally, let there be clothes (wealth) with additions), ryahyaten kurergya nasyip itsen (literally, let you have to experience pleasure), igelege (khaere) belyan bulsyn (lit. let it be with kindness, with kindness), ostennyan ostyalsen (let it be added), ostend kiep tuzdyryrga yazsyn (let it happen to wear it on yourself) ...

When congratulating, there are also words expressing the degree of good wishes: chyn kuneldyan tyabrik itam (kotlym) (from a pure heart), chyn yoryaktyan tyabrik itam (from the bottom of my heart).

Good wishes always have their place in conversation. When they see diners, they usually say: tamle bulsyn (let it be tasty), ashlarygyz (chyailaregez) tamle bulsyn (let your food, tea be tasty).

When the bride appears in the house, they usually say tokle ayagyn belyan (literally with a hairy leg), jinel ayagyn belyan (with a light foot), bakheten-tyaufygyn belyan (with happiness and decency).

If someone starts the first job, they say to him: kulyn zhinel bulsyn (let your hand be light), kul-ayagyn zhinel bulsyn (let your hand and foot be light).

At the sight of workers, they sometimes say alla kuyat birsen (literally, may Allah give strength), alla yardyam birsen (may Allah give help), kuyategez kup bulsyn (may there be a lot of your strength), eshlyar unsyn (may things be successful). The beginning of the work itself is accompanied by expressions such as tapshyrdyk (literally handed over), allag tapshyrdyk (handed over to Allah), haerle syagattya (good hour).

Wish for longevity: yoz yashya (live a hundred), men yashya (live a thousand), kup yashya (live a lot), ozyn gomerle bul (be long-lived).

Many wishes were accepted at the wedding: tuylarygyz boilers bulsyn! (let your wedding be happy), kazanyn orele bulsyn (literally, let your cauldron be fat), chumergyanen may bulsyn (drink only butter), ashaganyn bal bulsyn (eat only honey), nigezegez nykly bulsyn (let the base be strong), toshkyan zherendya tash bul (lit. where it turned out to be - freeze with a stone, that is, do not leave this house), etc.

There are also bad wishes: chyachyak Kyrgyz (let smallpox kill you), mur Kyrgyz (let the pestilence kill you), kulyn korygyry (let your hand dry out), uz bashyn (on his head), avyzynnan lived alsyn (literally, let the wind blow away from your mouth), suksyn will kick (sukkyry, toshkere) (let the curse fall on you).

If they want to convince their interlocutor, the Tatars use the oath formulas: ipinen chyraen kurmim (literally, let me not see the face of bread), baskan grease the fat of yotsyn (let the earth swallow me where I stand), koyashtyr me (here is the sun), ikmakter me (here is bread), issem (...) bulmasyn (let me not be called by my name ...), chyachryap kitim (let me crumble), ike kuzem chyachryap chyksyn (let both my eyes pop out), ant me (that's the oath), etc.

Expressions of gratitude usually take place in the second line. This is usually the word ryahmyat (thank you). Options - ryahmyat sezgya (thank you), ryahmyat sina (thank you), bulyagen very ryakhmyat (thanks for the gift), chygyshygyz very ryakhmyat (thanks for the speech), men-men ryahmyat sina (thank you thousand-thousand), ryahmyatlyar ukyym ( I say thank you). The gratitude is accompanied by good wishes avyzyna ball yes may (literally in your mouth - honey and butter), igelek kurgere (let you only have to deal with kindness), ayak-kulyn syzlausyz bulsyn (let your legs and arms not hurt), kulynnan kuan (rejoice in your hands ), ryahmyat yaugyry (toshkere) (lit. let it pour (fall) thank you). Gratitude is often accompanied by the expression nindi genya ryahmyatlyar aitim ikyan sina (sezgya) (how can I thank you (you).

An apology is usually expressed in the words gafu it (forgive), gafu ittegez (sorry), kicher (forgive), kicheregez (forgive), to which the word zinhar (please) is added. Sometimes the reason for the apology is indicated: boguem ochen gafu ittegez (sorry to bother you), songa kalgan ochen gafuit (sorry for being late).

The request is usually conveyed by verbs of the imperative mood, to which the particles -chy / -che, -sana / -syanya, -la / -la are added, the modal word zinhar (please): birche (dai-ka), kalsana (stay), soramagyz la (do not ask), ayt, zinhar (tell me please). In addition, particles of ale, ind are used: achulanmagyz inda (do not get angry), biregez ale (give), karagyz ale (look). A more sophisticated request is expressed in the form of aitmyassezme ikyan (won't you tell me), karap chykmassism ikyan (don't you look at it), avyrsynmasagyz, kilegez ale (if it's not difficult for you, please come). The highest degree requests for ducklings (I ask), yalvaras (I beg). The answer, the reaction to these requests is the words and expressions ardent, yarar (okay), yakhshy (good), bash oste (literally top of the head), albattya (of course), khyazer (literally now), buldyra almyim (I can't), bulmy (won't work), bully (okay), bulma st (will), etc.

Invitations also depend on who the speech is addressed to, where they are invited and why they are invited. In common parlance, the invitation form is verbs in the imperative mood of the 2nd person singular and plural: kil bezgya (come to us), bezgya kerep chygygyz (come to us), irtyagya khyatle kal (stay until tomorrow).

In official speech, the verb chakyru (to invite) is used: min sezne irtyagya syagyazgya kunakka chakyram (I invite you to visit tomorrow at eight o'clock). In relation to older people, the official invitation will look like this: Sezne bougain theater chakyryrga rokhsyat ittegez (let me invite you to the theater today).

At the entrance to the house, they say keregez (enter), utegez (pass), turgya uzygyz (go ahead), aiduk (go - more vernacularly), ryahim ittegez (welcome), ryahim ittep utyrygyz (please sit down).

Away

Tatars are hospitable people. The person who entered during lunch, they meet with the words maktap yorisez ikyan (you praise us, it turns out), rumble toshkere, maktap yorisen ikyan (may you be blessed, you, it turns out, praise us, walk).

A more categorical proposal to sit down at the table is accompanied by the words utyrygyz, ashtan oly tugelsezder bit (sit down, you are not above food). At the table, the expressions avyz ittegez (taste), zhiteshegez (literally, have time), ashtan (nigmyattyan) avyz ittegez (taste food, dishes) are used.

An invitation to go somewhere is accompanied by the word ayda (ayda), which occurs with the verbs of the desired, imperative and indicative moods: ayda, kittek (ayda, let's go), aydya, baryik (let's go), aydez, barabyz (let's go) ...

A non-binding invitation can also be expressed with verbs with an interrogative particle: bam kinoga? (are you going to the cinema?), bezgya keryasenme? (will you come to us?). For the invitation, they usually thank the words ryakhmyat (thank you), riza (I agree), ardent (okay), bik telyap (willingly).

Compliments

Approval, compliment support the interlocutor. When meeting middle-aged people, the following expressions are possible: ses khaman yash (you are all young), ses ber dya kartaymagansiz (you are not old), ses bik aybat kurenyasez (you look good), ses khaman yashyarasez (you are getting younger), ses khaman shul uk (you are still the same). With approval appearance, clothes usually say: sezgya bu kulmyak bik kilesha (this dress suits you very much), sezgya bolay bik kilesha (so it suits you very much). Approval of actions is expressed in the words well done, shyap (good), yakhshy (good), Afyarin (bravo), gazhyap (amazing).

In some cases, the words of praise expressed are accompanied by the expressions: aitmyagyanim bulsyn! (I didn't say that!). Tashka we will cheer! (I equate to a stone!). Kuz timyasen! (let him not jinx it!), etc., which was explained by the magic of the word and taboo (prohibition on the word).

Telephone etiquette

A conversation on the phone is accompanied by clichéd expressions - tracing copies from the Russian language: hello (hello), aye (yes), tynlyim (listening); Boo kassama? (is it a cash register?); Galia, sinme? (Galia, is that you?); sez yalgyshkansyz (you were wrong), yuk, bu Galia tugel (no, this is not Galia); Tamaran telefonga chakyrygyz ale (Call Tamara to the phone); Marat Karimovich, sezne soryilar (Marat Karimovich, you are asked); khyzer chakyram (I will call now); khyazer (now), khyazer ul keela (now it will do); st going yuk (he is not at home); ul chykkan ida (he left); ischetel's head (hard to hear); tagyn shyltyratygyz (call again), etc. Naturally, talking on the phone, the choice of words and expressions depend on the degree of proximity of the speakers, on their culture of communication, etc.

Interrupting each other in conversation is considered impolite.

It is considered indecent for children to interfere in the conversation of their elders (it was previously considered indecent to talk to a daughter-in-law with her father-in-law).

Forbidden Words

Until now, the prohibitions on the use of individual words have been preserved: you cannot talk about the deceased mesken (unfortunate, poor) - you need myarhum (deceased); the bug is called not a shackle, it is necessary to say kibyak (with a desire to dry); you cannot talk about barley in the eye of an arpa - you need to say botak bark (dry branch); you cannot say elan (snake) - you need to say kamchy (whip), you cannot speak in the house where there are kids and lambs, kuyan (hare) - instead of this word you need to say ozyn kolak (long ears), miran; you cannot say ayu (bear) - you need to say huja (owner), st (he), etc. Naturally, the younger generation often does not know such prohibitions of words, and this phenomenon is familiar to people of the middle and older generation.

Facial expressions and gestures

The speech of the Tatars of the older generation is not rich in gestures and facial expressions. The following gestures of the Tatars can be noted: head nod to the right - to the left - refusal; head nod from top to bottom - agreement; hand forward - an indication; patting your hips with your hands - surprise, shock; movement of the palm away from oneself is a rejecting gesture: with the hand toward oneself - an invitation, etc. Previously, during gatherings, girls used to mimic their eyebrows with the guys, snapped their knuckles to attract attention.

Tatar speech is very emotional, which is achieved in part by the use of interjections, especially by women. Interjections express admiration, joy, surprise, satisfaction, fear, doubt, displeasure, etc .: and-and-and, ah, ah, oh, uh, uh, well, oho, byai, bakchi, abau, a-z -I, oh-oh-oh, ay-ay-ay, them-ma, byalesh, pyaryamyach, chu, etc.

Tatar speech is melodious (especially in Mishar dialects), somewhat faster in tempo than Russian.

From the book of F.S. Safiullina, K.S. Fathullova "Tatar language"