The speech behavior of Tatar speakers depends on age. Traditional and specific features appear most clearly and in a relatively pure form in people of the older generation. Probably, certain phenomena in the speech behavior of the Tatars are also explained by the influence of Islam. The speech behavior of the younger generation is often characterized by the influence of the Russian language.
greeting
Establishing contact in communication begins with greetings, which depend on the participants. Greeting "Assyalamagalyaykem!" and the answer "Vyagalaykemyasyalam!" are used in the speech of the elderly, although they can also occur among young people. The Tatars greet each other by the hand, shaking both hands. Giving only one hand to old people is considered disrespectful. Most common is "Isyanmesez!" (Hello!). Greetings Hyaerle irtya! Häerle con! Hyaerle kitsch! (Good morning! Good afternoon! Good evening!) are common in official setting among the intelligentsia. A handshake is not required.
Somewhat colloquial and familiar are the greetings of Nihal? (How are you?), Saums? (lit. Are you healthy?), Saumysez! (lit. Are you healthy), Syalam! (Hey!). Among the students, under the influence of Russian speech, Chao is used in a playful style! Firework!
Appeal
To close friends, relatives, the appeal is always on "you". The polite form of addressing "You" has spread under the influence of Russian speech and has become normative when addressing strangers, while maintaining subordination between interlocutors, as an expression of respect.
A peculiarity for Tatar speech is the appeal to relatives using the term of kinship: apa (sister), aby (elder brother), enem (younger brother), apam (my sister), senelem (sister), life (uncle), baldyz (sister-in-law) . Previously, such appeals to close relatives as "chibyar apa" (beautiful sister), "alma apa" (apple-sister), "shikyar apa" (sugar + sister), "byalakyay aby" (little brother), " yerak abi" (distant grandmother), etc.
The address of children to their grandparents has been preserved in the form abi, babay, dyau ani, dyau ati (in dialects there are forms zur ani - zur ati, kart ati - kart ani).
Names of loved ones
Tatars have developed a whole system of appeals to loved ones, close people, distinguished by benevolence, emotionality: kaderlem - my dear, soeklem - my dear, altynym - my gold, kugarchenem - my dove, was the former - my nightingale, akkoshym - my swan, akyllym - my smart , zhanym - my soul, zhankisyagem - a particle of my soul, byagyr (lit. my liver) - dear, byagyrkaem - my dear, etc.
It is also peculiar that strangers, as well as relatives, are addressed in the form "name + generic term": Kamil aby, Alsou apa, Marfuga abystai, Gafur enem, etc.
In a formal setting
In the 30-50s, there was a custom among young people to call officials in the form: Abdullin aby, Shakirova apa.
Under the influence of the Russian language, official communication in the form of a first name and patronymic entered: Timur Arslanovich, Shaukyat Kadyrovich, Luiza Mardievna, Alsu Giniyatovna, etc. This trend is currently somewhat declining.
Officiality is also distinguished by the form of address: iptyash Salikhov (comrade Salikhov), iptyash Karimova (comrade Karimov). This form is no longer active.
The appeal of a wife to her husband before the revolution was characterized by the fact that it was impossible to pronounce the name of the husband aloud: it was tabooed.
Instead of a name, they spoke atise (his father), anise, anase (his mother), sin (you), sina aityam (I tell you), etc. At present, men address their wives by name, and wives also address their husbands .
However, denominative cards (lit. old man), karchyk (lit. old woman), khatyn (wife), etc. are widely used.
Currently, the appeal in the form of Galia khanym, Mansur afyande, Fyaridya tutash (khanym - khanum, afyande - master, tutash - young lady) is becoming more common.
Nicknames were widespread among the Tatars, which were given on the basis of ethnic characteristics, the originality of the social and external characteristics of the individual, the characteristics of his behavior, speech, clothing, profession, the nature of the home, curiosities associated with a person, etc. Many nicknames are based on the names of animals and birds: Ayu Vyali, Saeskan Safura, Tolke Gata, Tavyk Gafur, etc. Nicknames are given to men more than women. Nicknames are often used before the names of persons.
You can greet the interlocutor with a nod of the head (forward and down), raising the headdress, raising the hand.
polite conversation
The conversation takes place while sitting, talking while standing is considered a bit indecent. Usually Tatars do not immediately start the business part of the conversation. As a rule, she passes at the table, for tea, which is a sign of both respect and hospitality. The non-informative part of the conversation is followed by a business part, which sets out the purpose of the speaker's visit. The conversation ends with gratitude for the treat, wishing the owners well-being (Syegyzga ryahmyat - thanks for your treat; hormyategezgya ryahmyat - thanks for the respect). When a guest leaves, he usually asks for an apology in the form "Gaep itep kalmagyz" (lit. "Do not blame me"), to which the host replies "uzegoz gaep itep kitmyagez" ("Don't leave with condemnation yourself").
Communication takes place in the form of a dialogue, where non-informative questions play an important role in order to start a conversation, particles to maintain and continue the conversation, modal words. When saying goodbye, the Tatars say Khush - Khushygyz (farewell - goodbye), sau bul - sau bulygyz (lit. be healthy - be healthy), isyan bul - isyan bulygyz (literally be alive - be alive). More vernacular are khush ittek (saying goodbye), isyanlektya (lit. being healthy). When saying goodbye for a limited period, the expressions tracing from the Russian language kichkya kadyar (until the evening), irtyagya kadyar (until tomorrow), hyazergya (for now) began to be used. Accompanying wishes are tynych yoki ( Good night), hyaerleton (good night), onytyp betermyagez (do not forget), kilegez (come), kergalagez (come in), syltyratygyz (call), aniennyarga syalam (ayt) - (say hello to mother), tagyn kilegez (come again). When the interlocutor leaves, wishes of a good journey are used: hyaerle syagatya (good hour), izge syagatya (good hour), hyaerle yul (good journey), hyaerle safyar bulsyn (let the journey be good), yulyn (yulygyz) un bulsyn (let the road will be successful), ak yul sezgya (literally, a white path to you). When an unwanted interlocutor leaves or leaves, there is a wish - yulina ak zhaimya (tablecloth path). Farewell is accompanied by gestures: waving with a raised hand either forward or slightly in different directions.
Congratulations and wishes
The upbringing of the speakers is also clearly manifested when congratulating. The word kotlym (congratulations) is often omitted, as in Russian: byairyam belyan (happy holiday); Yana ate Belyan (Happy New Year); Tugan konen belyan (happy birthday); zhinu horse Belyan (Happy Victory Day).
At the birth of a child, congratulations are accompanied by wishes: ozyn gomerle bulsyn (let it be long-lived), taufiygy belyan tusyn (lit. let it be born decent), mobaryak bulsyn (let it be majestic).
Congratulations on the renewal are also accompanied by wishes such as kotly bulsyn (lit. let it be happy), zhyly tyanendya tuzsyn (lit. let it wear out on your warm body), ostyaule kiem (small) bulsyn (lit. let there be clothes (wealth) with additions), ryahyaten kuergya nasyp itsen (literally, let them have to experience pleasure), igelege (hyaere) belyan bulsyn (literally, let it be with kindness, with kindness), ostennyan ostyalsen (let it be added), ostendya kiep tuzdyryrga yazsyn (let it happen to wear it out on yourself) .
When congratulating, there are also words expressing the degree of good wishes: chyn kuneldian tabrik ityam (kotlym) (congratulations from a pure soul), chyn yoryaktyan tabrik ityam (from pure heart Congratulations).
Good wishes always have a place in conversation. At the sight of diners, they usually say: tyamle bulsyn (let it be tasty), ashlarygyz (chaylyaregez) tyamle bulsyn (let your food, tea be tasty).
When a bride appears in the house, they usually say tokle ayagyn belyan (lit. with a hairy leg), zhinel ayagyn belyan (with a light foot), byakheten-tyaufyygyn belyan (with happiness-decency).
If someone starts the first work, they say to him: kulyn zhinel bulsyn (let your hand be light), kul-ayagyn zhinel bulsyn (let your arm and leg be light).
At the sight of workers, they sometimes say alla kuyat birsen (literally, may Allah give strength), alla yardyam birsen (may Allah give help), kuyategez kup bulsyn (may there be a lot of your strength), eshlyar unsyn (may things be successful). The beginning of the work itself is accompanied by expressions like tapshyrdyk (literally handed over), allaga tapshyrdyk (handed over to Allah), hyaerle syagatya (good luck).
Wish for longevity: yoz yashya (live a hundred), men yashya (live a thousand), kup yashya (live a lot), ozyn gomerle bul (be long).
Many wishes were accepted at the wedding: tuylarygyz boilers bulsyn! (may your wedding be happy), kazany orele bulsyn (literally, let your cauldron be fat), chumergyanen mai bulsyn (drink only oil), ashaganyn bal bulsyn (eat only honey), nigezegez nykly bulsyn (let the base be strong), toshkyan zhirendya tash bul (literally, where did you find yourself - freeze with a stone, that is, do not leave this house), etc.
There are also unkind wishes: chyachyak kyrgyry (let the smallpox kill you), mur kyrgyry (let the pestilence kill you), kulyn korygyry (let your hand wither), knots of the bashyn (on your head), avyzynnan lived alsyn (literally, let the wind blow you away from your mouth), sukksyn (sukkyrs, toshkeres) will kick (let the curse fall on you).
If you want to convince your interlocutor, the Tatars use oath formulas: ipinen chyraen kurmim (literally, let me not see the face of bread), baskan zhiremdya fat yotsyn (let the earth where I stand swallow me), koyashtyr me (here is the sun), ikmyakter me (here is bread), isemem (...) bulmasyn (let them not call me by name ...), chyachryap kitim (let me crumble), ike kuzem chyachryap chyksyn (let both my eyes pop out), ant me (here is an oath), etc.
Expression of gratitude usually takes place in the second replica. This is usually the word grunt (thank you). Variants - ryakhmyat sezgya (thank you), ryakhmyat sina (thank you), bulyagen very ryakhmyat (thanks for the gift), chygyshygyz very ryakhmyat (thanks for the performance), men-men ryakhmyat sina (a thousand-thousand thanks to you), ryakhmyatlyar ukyym ( say thank you). Gratitude is accompanied good wishes avyzyna bal da may (literally, honey and butter in your mouth), igelek kurgere (may you only deal with kindness), ayak-kulyn syzlausyz bulsyn (let your feet and hands not hurt), kulynnan kuan (rejoice in your hands ), the yaugyrs (toshkeres) rumble (lit. let it pour (fall) thank you). Gratitude is often accompanied by the expression nindi genya rakhmyatlyar aytim ikyan sina (sezgya) (how can I thank you (you).
Apology is usually expressed by the words gafu it (sorry), gafu itegez (sorry), kicher (sorry), kicheregez (sorry), to which the word zinhar (please) is added. Sometimes the reason for the apology is indicated: borchuym ochen gafu itegez (sorry for the trouble), songa kalgan ochen gafu it (sorry for being late).
The request is usually conveyed by imperative verbs, to which are added the particles -chy / -che, -sana / -syan, -la / -la, the modal word zinhar (please): birche (give me), kalsana (stay), soramagyz la (don't ask), ait, zinhar (please tell me). In addition, particles ale, inde are used: achulanmagyz inde (do not be angry), biregez ale (give me), karagyz ale (look). A more refined request is expressed in the form of aitmyassezme ikyan (can you tell me), karap chykmassyzmy ikyan (can you look it up), avyrsynmasagyz, kilegez ale (if it’s not difficult for you, please come). Highest Degree requests to ducks (I ask), yalvaram (I beg). The answer, the reaction to these requests are the words and expressions ardent, yarar (okay), yakhshy (good), bash ost (lit. top of the head), albatya (of course), hyazer (lit. now), buldyra almyym (I can’t), bulmy (will not work), bula (okay), bula st (will), etc.
Invitations also depend on who the speech is addressed to, where they are invited and why they are invited. In common speech, the form of invitation is verbs in the imperative mood of the second person singular and plural: kil bezgya (come to us), bezgya kerep chygygyz (come to us), irtyagya hyatle kal (stay until tomorrow).
In official speech, the verb chakyru (invite) is used: min sezne irtyagya syagat sigezgya kunakka chakyram (I invite you to visit tomorrow at eight o'clock). In relation to older people, the official invitation will look like this: Sezne bugen theaterga chakyryrga rohsyat itegez (let me invite you to the theater today).
At the entrance to the house, they say keregez (come in), utegez (come in), turga uzygyz (go ahead), aiduk (go ahead - more colloquially), ryakhim itegez (welcome), ryakhim itep utyrygyz (please sit down).
Away
Tatars are hospitable people. They greet the person who entered during lunch with the words maktap yorisez ikyan (you praise us, it turns out), ryakhmat toshkere, maktap yorisen ikyan (may you be blessed, you, it turns out, praise us, go).
A more categorical proposal to sit down at the table is accompanied by the words utyrygyz, ashtan oly tugelsezder bit (sit down, you are not above food). At the table, the expressions are used: avyz itegez (taste), zhiteshegez (lit. have time), ashtan (nigmyattyan) avyz itegez (try food, dishes).
An invitation to go somewhere is accompanied by the word ayda (ayda), which is the case with the verbs of the desirable, imperative and indicative moods: .
A non-binding invitation can also be expressed by verbs with an interrogative particle: barasynmy kinog? (going to the cinema?), without gya keryasenme? (will you come to us?). For an invitation, they usually thank with the words ryahmyat (thank you), riza (agree), ardent (okay), bik telap (willingly).
compliments
Approval, compliment support the interlocutor. When meeting middle-aged people, expressions are possible: sez haman yash (you are all young), sez ber dya kartaimagansyz (you are not old), sez bik aybyat kurenyasez (you look good), sez haman yashyasez (you are all getting younger), sez haman shul uk (you are still the same). Upon approval appearance, clothes usually say: sezgya bu kulmyak bik kilesha (this dress suits you very well), sezgya bolai bik kilesha (so it suits you very well). Approvals of actions are expressed by the words well done, shyap (good), yakhshy (good), Afyarin (bravo), gazhyap (amazing).
In some cases, the laudatory words expressed are accompanied by expressions: aitmyagyanem bulsyn! (I didn't say that!). Let's kill Tashka! (I equate to a stone!). Kuz thyme! (let him not jinx it!) etc., which was explained by the magic of the word and taboo (a ban on the word).
telephone etiquette
A telephone conversation is accompanied by cliched expressions - tracing papers from the Russian language: hello (hello), aye (yes), tynlym (listen); Bu casham? (Is this a checkout?); Galia, sinme? (Galia, is that you?); sez yalgyshkansyz (you made a mistake), yuk, bu Galia tugel (no, this is not Galia); Tamarans telefonga chakyrygyz ale (Call Tamara to the phone); Marat Karimovich, sezne soryylar (Marat Karimovich, you are asked); khyazer chakyram (now I will call); khyazer (now), khyazer st keel (now he will come); st oydya yuk (he is not at home); chykkan ide st (he left); nachar seeker (hard to hear); tagyn shyltyratygyz (call again), etc. Naturally, talking on the phone, the choice of words and expressions depend on the degree of closeness of the speakers, on their communication culture, etc.
Interrupting each other in a conversation is considered impolite.
It is considered indecent for children to interfere in the conversation of elders (it used to be considered indecent for a daughter-in-law to talk to her father-in-law).
Forbidden words
There are still prohibitions on the use of certain words: you can’t talk about the deceased mesken (unfortunate, poor) - you need markhum (deceased); the bug is not called a shackle, it is necessary to say kibyak (with a wish to dry); you can’t talk about barley in the eye of an arp - you need to say bark botak (dry branch); you can’t say elan (snake) - you need to say kamchy (lash), you can’t speak in the house where there are kids and lambs, kuyan (hare) - instead of this word, you need to say ozyn kolak (long ears), miran; you can’t say ayu (bear) - you need to say worse (owner), st (he), etc. Naturally, the younger generation often does not know such word prohibitions and this phenomenon is familiar to people of the middle and older generations.
Facial expressions and gestures
The speech of the Tatars of the older generation is not rich in gestures and facial expressions. The following gestures of the Tatars can be noted: a nod of the head to the right - to the left - refusal; a nod of the head from top to bottom - consent; hand forward - an indication; patting hands on the thighs - surprise, shock; a movement of the palm away from oneself is a rejecting gesture: a hand towards oneself is an invitation, etc. Earlier, girls, during gatherings, explained themselves with the guys with eyebrows, clicked their knuckles to attract attention to themselves.
Tatar speech is very emotional, which is achieved in part by the use of interjections, especially by women. Interjections express admiration, joy, surprise, satisfaction, fear, doubt, displeasure, etc. -I, oh-oh-oh, ah-ah-ah, ih-ma, byalesh, paryamyach, chu, etc.
Tatar speech is melodious (especially in the Mishar dialects), somewhat faster in pace than Russian.
From the book of F.S. Safiullina, K.S. Fatkhullova "Tatar language"
TATAR LANGUAGE IN THE PHRASEBOOK!
Very easy to learn and start speaking!
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Ruscha-Tatarcha sөylәshmәlek! Russian-Tatar phrasebook!
Meeting. Greetings. Acquaintance
Hello! Isanmesez!
Welcome dear guests! Rakhim itegez (khush kildegez), kaderle kunaklar!
Guests of Bezgә kunaklar kilde came to us
Good morning! Khärle irte!
Good day! Khärle kon!
Good evening! Khärle kitsch!
Meet Tanysh Bulygyz (Tanyshygyz)
My surname Khairullin Surname Khairullin
Allow me to introduce you to my friend (companion) Sezne iptash (yuldashym) belan tanyshtyryrga rokhsat itegez
We are glad to meet you! Sezneң belәn tanyshuybyzga shatbyz!
Meet, this is my family: Tanysh bulygyz, bu minem gailam:
my wife, my husband Khatyn, Irem
our children are balalalybyz
our grandmother, our grandfather әbiebez, bababyz
our mother-in-law, our father-in-law kaenanabyz, kaenatabyz
How are you doing? Eshlaregez nichek?
Thank you, good Rakhmat, aibat
Where can you get a job here? Monda kaida urnashyrga bula?
Where did you stay? Sez kaida tuktaldygyz?
We stayed at the hotel "Kazan" Without "Kazan" hotel synda tuktaldyk
How long have you been here? Sez ozakka kildegezme?
Why did you come? No öchen kildegez?
I came on a business trip
How is your family? Gailagez ni khalde?
Are you not very tired from the road? Yulda bik arymadygyzmy?
Language-Tel
I study Tatar language Min Tatars telen өyrәnәm
I want to learn how to speak (read, write) in Tatar
Do you understand Tatar? Sez Tatar anglysyzmy?
I understand a little Tatar Min Tatarcha beraz anlym
I understand a little, but I can’t speak
You speak too fast Sez artyk tiz soylisez
You are in a hurry Sez bik ashygasyz
Please repeat again Tagyn ber tapkyr kabatlagyz ale
Please speak slower! Zinhar, akrynrak soilagez!
What did you say? Sez ni didegez?
What is he/she talking about? Ul nәrsә turynda soyli?
What she said)? Ul or dide?
Please tell me Әitegezche (әtegez әle)
What is it called in Tatar? Tatarcha bu nichek dip atala?
Good (correct) am I talking? Min әybat (döres) soylimme?
You speak well (correctly) Sez әybat (dөres) soylisez
I don't know such a word Min andy suzne belmim
Do you understand me? Sez mine anladygyzmy?
Can you hear me well? Sez mine yakhshi ishetәsezme?
Please repeat again Tagyn ber tapkyr kabatlagyzchy (kabatlagyz ale)
How to pronounce this word? Bu suzne nichek әtergә?
Do you pronounce this word correctly?
Please write this word in Tatar
Write here on this sheet Menә bu bitkә yazygyz
How would it be in Tatar? Tatar bu nichek bula?
Please speak to me in Tatar
You have Russian-Tatar dictionary? Ruscha-Tatarcha suzlegegez barmy?
I want to find a book for learning the Tatar language
What textbooks are needed to study the Tatar language? Tatar telen өyrәnu өchen nindi daresleklәr kirk?
Do you have easy books to read in Tatar? Sezda җiңelrәk ukyla torgan tatarcha kitaplar barmy?
Yes, I'll bring you a Bar tomorrow, irtәgә alyp killermen
Consent-Rizalik:
Yes ye
I agree (I agree) Min riza
Possibly Ichthymal
Can Momkin
It's quite possible Bu bik mömkin
I don't mind Karshi kilmim
Of course albattә
Necessarily Һichshiksez (әlbәttә)
Okay Yary
Good Yakhshy (Aybat)
With pleasure! Bik shatchanyp (rәkhәtlәnep)!
That's right Busy dores
Wonderful! Bik әybat (bik shәp)!
Quite right! Bik dores!
And I think so
Undoubtedly Һichshiksez
You are right Sez hakly
I am sure of this Min mona yshanam
Disagreement. Refusal
I do not agree with this (I do not agree)
I object to Min Karshi
No, it's impossible Yuk, bu momkin tugel
This is incredible Akylga syymaslyk bu
I don't want Telemia
I can't Buldyra almyym
No, don't do that Yuk, alai eshlәmәgez
Excuse me, this is not so Gafu itegez, boo alai tugel
No, thanks Yuk, rakhmat
Rөhsаt itelmi is not allowed
You can't Yaramay
It's a pity, but you have to refuse Bik kyzganych, lakin bash tartyrga tours killer
Unfortunately, you can't
I just can’t take Nichek ta ala almyym
Sorry, I'm busy
You don't have to go Baryrga tours kilmayachak
You are wrong Sez hakly tugel
It is excluded Bolai buluy momkin tugel
Invitation
May I invite you to the theater (museum, restaurant, visit, park) Sezne theatrega (museiga, restaurant, kunakka, parkka) chakyryrga mömkinme?
Welcome! Rakhim itegez!
Please sit down Rakhim itep utyrygyz
Please, to the table Tabynga rakhim itegez
May I come in? Kerergә rөkhsātme?
Sign in (come in) Keregez
Come here Monda uzygyz
Take off your clothes, hang your coat right here
Feel free to Tartinmagyz
Come to us again Bezgә tagyn kilegez
Come to us again, we will be glad to meet you
Could we meet tomorrow? Without irtәgә ochrash almabyzmy ikәn?
Be at home Өegezdage kebek bulygyz
May I smoke? Tartyrga rokhsätme?
Light up, please Rakhim itep, tartygyz
Can I invite you to dance? Sezne dancing (bierga) chakyryrga momkinme?
Would you like to go on an excursion with us (to the stadium, to the club)? Bezneң belәn excursion (stadionga, ball) barasygyz kilmime?
With pleasure I accept (we accept) your invitation from Chakyruygyzny bik telep kabul itam (kabul itabez)
Gratitude
Thanks! Rakhmat!
Many thanks! Zur rakhmat!
Thank you for your help! Bulyshuygyz өchen rәkhmat sezgә!
Thank you so much, you have done so much good for us! Zur rakhmat, sez bezneң өchen shul kadar kүp yakhshylyk eshlәdegez!
I am very obliged to you Min seznen alda bik zur burychlymyn
I will not forget your kindness
Thank you from the bottom of my heart for the food! Syi-khөrmәtegez өchen chyn kүңeldәn rakhmәt sezgә!
Thanks for the gift! Bүlәgegez өchen rakhmat!
Thank you for the invitation! Chakyruygyz өchen rәkhmat sezgә!
Thank you very much for the warm welcome! Җyly kabul itүegez өchen chyn kүneldәn rakhmat sezgә!
Wish. Request
What would you like? Sez nәrsә telәr idegez?
I would sleep (rest) Min yoklap alyr (yal itar) let's go
I have one request minem ber utenechem bar
I beg you, Min sezdan bik utenep soryim
I want to go to the store (to the market, to the cinema, to the club, to the park)
I want to eat (drink) Minem ashysym (echasem) kil
If it’s not difficult for you, please show me (us) your city (village, museum, river) Sezgә kyen bulmasa, mina (bezgә) shәһәregezne (avylygyzny, museogyzny, elgagyzny) kүrsәtegez әle
Tell me, please, how to get to Chekhov Street? Aitegez Ale, Chekhov uramyna nichek baryrga?
I wanted to take a walk Saf havada yörep kaitasy ide
I need to buy (ask, give, receive) Mina satyp alyrga
I want to watch the new movie Minem Yana movie Karyysym Kiley
I would like to meet with my comrade (friend) Iptash (dusty) belan ochrashasy ide
I want you to be a real person Min sinen chyn keshe buluynny telim
Regret. Apology
Excuse (sorry), please! Zinhar, Gafu Itegez (Kicheregez)!
It's not my fault (a) Minem ber gaebem da yuk
Don't be angry (don't be angry)! Achulanma (achulanmagyz)!
Don't be offended! Ypkälämägez!
It's a pity Bik kyzganych
Sorry for being late
I'm sorry, I didn't mean to offend you
Don't worry, it doesn't matter Borchylmagyz, bu һәmiyatle tүgel
Sorry, this will not happen again Gafu itegez, bu butan kabatlanmas
I didn't think it would turn out like this Shulay bulyr deep uylamagan let's go
Parting
Goodbye! Sau bulygyz (khushygyz)!
Happy journey to you! Khärle yul sezgä!
See you soon! Tizdan kүreshүlәrgә kadęr!
Say hello to everyone! Barysyna yes bezdan salam tapshyrygyz!
Say hello from me (from us) to your parents (relatives)! Minnәn (bezdәn) әti-әniegezgә (tugannarygyzga) sәlam tapshyrygyz!
Don't forget us! Bezne onytmagyz!
We are waiting for letters from you Sezdan hatlar kotabez
Farewell, dear (respected) friends! Khushygyz, kaderle (khörmätle) duslar!
Age. Family
How old are you? Sezga nichi yash?
I am twenty (thirty, forty, fifty, seventy) years old Mina egerme (utyz, kyryk, ille, zhitmesh)
I was born (was born) in 1957
It turns out that we are the same age
Are you married (married)? Sez өylәngәnme (kiyaүdәme)?
I am married (married)
I am single (not married)
Do you have a large family of Gailagez zurma?
Our family is large (small) only 7 people: grandmother, grandfather, father, mother, me, brother, sister Gailәbez zur (kechkenә), barlygy zhide keshe: әbiem (dәү әniem), women (dәү әtiem), әү аtiem, uzem, enem, senelem
Do you have children? Balalarygyz barmy?
I don't have children Balalareem yuk
I have only one child Ber genә balam bar
How old is your son/daughter? Ulygyzga (kyzygyzga) nothing?
Are the kids big? Balalarygyz zurlarmy inde?
No, little Yuk, kechkenәlәr әle
Yes, big aye, zurlar
Are the children studying or working? Balalarygyz ukyylarmy, eshlilarme?
Studying (working) Ukyylar (eshlilar)
The little ones study, the big ones work
What are your children's names? Balalarygyz or isemle?
The son's name is Zulfat, and the daughters are Zulfiya and Gulfiya Ulymnyn iseme - Zөlfәt, e kyzlarimnyky - Zөlfiya һәm Gulfiya
You have parents? Әti-әniegez barmy?
Yes, they live in the village (in the city)
Father is a machine operator, mother is a milkmaid Ati is a machine operator, Ani is a syer savuchi
Health. Disease
How is your health? Sәlamәtlegegez nichek?
Thank you, good Rakhmat, aibat
I am healthy Min sәlamәt
What are you complaining about? Nәrsәdәn zarlanasyz?
I have a runny nose, cough and chest pain
Head (stomach, heart, throat) hurts
I have dizziness
When did you get sick? Kaychan avyryp kittegez?
Today (yesterday, recently, long ago) Bugen (kichә, kүptәn tүgel, kүptәn) avyryp kittem fell ill
Have you had the flu for a long time? Influenza, sore throat belan kүptәn avyrgan idegezme?
Is there a temperature? The temperature of the barmy?
Temperature high temperatures Yugars
You can't walk, you just have to lie down
I suffer from insomnia Min yokysyzlyktan җәfalanam
It is necessary to call a doctor Doctor chakyryrga kirk
It is necessary to be treated Davalanyrga kirak
Do you have medication? Darularygyz barmy?
We must go to the doctor
Now I will go to the hospital (polyclinic, first-aid post), to the doctor (paramedic, sister) Min Khazer hospital (polyclinic, first-aid post), doctor (paramedic, nurse)
Ask your doctor for a bulletin Vrachtan bulletin sora
Did you leave (leave) for work? Eshkә chyktyңmy әle?
With going to work! Eshkә chyguygyz belәn!
Where did you rest? Sez kaida yal ittegez?
Rested at the resort Kurorta yal ittem
Did you like it? Sezga oshadymy son?
Yes, it’s very, good Әye, anda bik yakhshy
What resort did you visit? Kaisa resort yal ittegez?
How many days did you rest? Niche kon yal ittegez?
How do you feel now? Khazer үzegezne nichek his itasez (khәlegez nichek)?
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Relaxation. Cinema. Theatre. Concert
What will you do on Sunday? Sez yakshәmbe kөnne nishlisez?
I'll go to the cinema (theater) Kinoga (theatre) bars
We must go to the beach Pljazhga baryrga kirak
I will go hunting (fishing) Auga (balykka) to bars
I will go skiing (skating), play hockey (volleyball, football) Changy (timerayakta) shuarga, hockey (volleyball, football) uynarga) baram
I will read a book (newspapers, magazines) Kitap (gazetalar, journallar)-ukyyachakmyn
Can I go along with you? Seznen belәn bergә baryrga momkinme?
What films do you like best? Sezga nindi filmnar kubrak oshiy?
I like to watch historical (musical, adventure, documentary) films Min tarihi (music, majara ly, documentary) filmnar kararga yaratam
What picture (performance) is on today? Bugen nindi picture (performance) bula?
When does the session start? A session of nichade bashlan?
Who is the director of this film? Who are film directors?
Can I buy a ticket? Alyp Bulama ticket?
Can I book tickets in advance? Biletlarga aldan order birge momkinme?
Bought two (four) tickets Ike (durt) ticket aldym
How much does the ticket cost? Ticket of the cupmeter?
I invite you to the cinema Ming season kinoga chakyram
How do you spend your free time? Bush vakytygyzny nichek үtkәrәsez?
I would like to rest at home
I like to walk
Is there a cinema (club, library) here? Monda cinema (club, kitaphanә) barmy?
How to get to the cinema (club, library)? Movie theater (tangle, kitapkhanәgә) nicek baryrga?
Kazan has six theaters Kazanda alty theater bar
There are more than ten museums Unnan artyk museum bar
What's on at the theater today? Bugen theaterda nәrsә bara?
Concert bula in progress
I want to go to a concert of the Song and Dance Ensemble of the Tatar State Philharmonic. G. Tukaya Minem
Do you often go to concerts? Sez concertlarda esh bulasyzmy?
I like Tatar folk songs performed by I. Shakirov, A. Avzalova, G. Rakhimkulov
Soon the premiere will take place at the Academic Theater named after G. Kamal, at the Opera and Ballet Theater named after M. Jalil, at the Bolshoi Drama Theater named after V.I. Kachalova, in the theater of drama and comedy, in the puppet theater Tizdan G.Kamal isemendage academy theatrynda, M.Zhalil isemendage opera һәm ballet theatrynda, V.I. Kachalov isemendage Zur drama theatrynda, drama һәm komediyar theatrynda, kurchak premiere bula
Who is the author of the play? Who are the authors of the play?
When does the performance start? The performance is nichidә bashlan?
Tatar is spoken by over 5 million people living in the national republic, as well as in and other regions of the Russian Federation. In Tatarstan, the full functioning of the national language is ensured by teaching in educational institutions, in particular, at Kazan University, teaching in Tatar was introduced at the Faculty of Law, Philology and Journalism. Numerous printed publications, television and radio programs, etc. contribute to the maintenance of the language.
History of the Tatar language
At the origins of the Tatar language are the languages of the Turkic group: Bulgar, Kypchak, Chagatai. The process of formation took place simultaneously with the development of the culture of the Tatars, who settled in the Volga and Ural regions. With close communication with representatives of the indigenous and alien population of the inhabited lands, the languages were mutually enriched. In Tatar, the influence of Russian, Mordovian, Udmurt, Ugric, and Persian languages is clearly traced. Particularly indicative are the phonetic features of Tatar, adopted from the Finno-Ugric languages and distinguishing it from other representatives of the Turkic group.
The most ancient monument of Tatar literature is the poem "Kyssa-i Yosyf", written in the first half of the 13th century. Cool Gali. In the poem, the Bulgaro-Kypchak elements are combined with the Oguz ones. During the Golden Horde, in the territories inhabited by the Tatars, the Volga language of the Turki was used. Under the rule of the Kazan Khanate, the Old Tatar language developed with many borrowings from Arabic and Persian. The language was accessible to literate members of society, simple people did not know this form of language. Russianisms penetrated Tatar as a result of the conquest of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible.
At the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. the intelligentsia mastered the Ottoman vocabulary. The modern Tatar language based on the Kazan dialect began to take shape in the second half of the 19th century. After the revolution of 1905, there was a merging of the literary and colloquial forms of the language. The active development of terminology took place in the 20-30s of the last century, when the language was replenished with new words of Arabic-Persian, Russian and international vocabulary. At the same time, there was a transition to the Cyrillic alphabet.
- In , and Basque, "Tatarstan" is written "Tartaristán, Tartaristão, Tartaria". The double p is used in (sauce tartare), (Strait of Tartary), (Stretto dei Tartari), (Tartarsundet) and some other languages.
- The British call stubborn boys Tatar - "young tartar".
- The decisive act of the Japanese was called the "Tatar step."
- Dahl's explanatory dictionary and the encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron say that the cry "cheers" is a form Tatar word"ur" - bey.
- Tatar writing until 1927 was based on the Arabic alphabet, in 1927-1939. in Latin, since 1939 - in Cyrillic.
- The Constitution of Tatarstan enshrines the right of every citizen to receive a Russian passport with an insert in the Tatar language.
- Kul Gali's poem "Kyssa-i Yosyf", written in the 13th century, until the 19th century. handed down in manuscripts. The literary work was so popular that the book had to be in the dowry of every Tatar girl.
- The first printed book in the Tatar language was published in Leipzig in 1612.
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