Acupressure massage is the oldest oriental method of treatment. It appeared, apparently, on the territory of modern China, Korea, Mongolia and Japan. It is based on the same principles as in segmental massage: treatment should be complex (a disease of an organ is a disease of the whole organism); treatment should be unhurried, thorough; finally, it must be individual. But if the basis of segmental massage is the schematic division of the human body into segments, then acupressure appeared after the discovery of certain points on the body that are closely related to the internal organs and systems of a person.
Acupressure also has a lot in common with acupuncture, since both exposure to a needle and pressure with a finger on certain points restore impaired functions and improve the patient's condition.
The points involved in acupressure are called "vital points" or - in modern science- "biologically active points" (BAP). Studies have shown that these points have specific features. Firstly, they have low electrical resistance, secondly, high electrical potential, thirdly, high skin temperature, as well as high pain sensitivity, increased oxygen uptake and high level metabolic processes.
The basic rules of acupressure are associated with the most ancient concepts of "vital energy" - "chi", according to which "chi" moves along a certain trajectory along invisible meridian channels and provides each organ with "nourishment". The vital energy moves from one channel to another, in total there are 12 paired and 2 unpaired such channels. Under normal circumstances, when each channel receives a certain amount of vital energy, a person is healthy. As a result of the violation of the "tides" of vital energy in one part of the body, there is an excess of energy, and in the other - a lack. In this case, any disease develops.
From a scientific point of view, this theory does not have sufficient substantiation, but it echoes the ancient Eastern ideas about the division of nature into two parts: "yin" (negative) and "yang" (positive). Day is yang, night is yin; the sun is yang, the moon is yin.
Yin is the maternal principle, which is characteristic of everything cold, moist, dark, secretive, passive, changeable. It carries a negative charge. Yang is the paternal principle, which, on the contrary, is inherent in everything warm, dry, light, obvious, initiative, constant. The paternal principle carries a positive charge. And since every person's body has both maternal and paternal principles, then a person is a combination of yin-yang, and all processes taking place inside the body can be both positive and negative.
Oriental medicine has long sought to bring "yin" and "yang" to harmony. According to the views of ancient Eastern physicians, the five primary elements of the earth have correspondences with sleepiness, increased oxygen uptake and a high level of metabolic processes.
Pressing on the "vital points" causes a feeling of aches, numbness, even pain, which is absent when pressing on other areas of the skin. Studies have shown that these sensations are constant, therefore they serve as a criterion for the correctness of finding such points.
Acupressure massage has a positive effect on the functions of various organs and systems: it soothes or stimulates the nervous system, increases blood circulation, improves tissue nutrition, regulates the activity of the endocrine glands, relieves pain, and reduces muscle tension.
The widespread use of acupressure is largely due to its simplicity, small area of influence. Acupressure massage is also good because it can be used as first aid, as well as in conjunction with medical therapy.
Why does this or that disease occur? The disease occurs because the flow of "vital energy" is disturbed. And it is possible to restore the normal inflow of this energy by acting on the points located along the meridian channels.
The total number of "vital points" is 365. Their location does not depend on where the diseased organ is. In other words, in order to relieve pain in the heart, it is not necessary to affect the region of the heart - biological points are located, for example, on the foot. Moreover, there are points on the foot that affect many other organs and are used for various diseases. Often, to eliminate pain on the right side, you have to massage the points on the left, and vice versa.
Theoretical foundations of acupressure
Acupressure massage is a mechanical action with fingers or devices on strictly defined areas of the body.
Acupressure massage is a type of method traditional medicine China - Zhen Chiu therapy, called acupuncture (acupuncture) in most countries. The term "acupuncture" comes from the Latin words "acus" (needle) and "punctura" (puncture, point). In China, acupuncture is called "zhen", and moxibustion "tszyu". These two types of treatment are almost always combined, the method is considered as one and is called zhen-chiu-therapy. The basis of acupuncture and acupressure, or digital zhen, is the doctrine of acupuncture points (TA) of the body surface, the total number of which, according to the latest data, is more than 1500. Of these, 695 are called classical, that is, fully recognized. However, in practice, approximately 100-150 points of influence are used.
On average, the diameter of a classic point is 0.2-5 mm. There are no special cellular structures in TA. According to the latest biology, looser connective tissue gravitates to the points, the fibers of which are located in the form of a mesh (GD Novinsky); they have a little more bodies and flasks that act as receptors (G. Kellner); there are small groups of mast cells that, due to the release of active substances, affect metabolism (F.G. Portnov). The affection points have their own signs: they absorb oxygen more and more infrared radiation is registered, are more sensitive to pressure and have their own electrical status. Indicators of electrical individuality in TA are manifested by a lower electrical resistance of the skin (J. Nyboyet), an increasing value of the electrical potential, especially in cases of illness (A.K. Podshibyakin).
The boundaries of the hotspots are vague. In a sleeping person, the diameter of the point decreases to 1 mm, after rest it reaches 1 cm, and in case of illness it increases to several centimeters.
The theoretical justification for Zhen-Chiu-therapy is the theory of "Jin-Lo", or the meridian theory of the physiology of the organism. Jin-lo is a system of invisible channels (meridians) that connect acupuncture points with similar (when exposed to) healing effects and reactions. There are many channels: 14 main - 12 paired and 2 unpaired, 15 secondary and 8 miraculous canals, bypassing paths connecting the points assigned to the main canals. Despite such an abundance of channels, a considerable number of TA (281) are not covered by them. The main channels are called (from the standpoint of Chinese medicine) internal organs. The lungs, the liver, etc. have their own canal. The shortest canals - the heart and the pericardium - each have 9 points, the longest canal - Bladder: there are 67 points of influence on it and it covers the entire head, neck, back and goes down to the 5th toe. The vital energy "CHI" (or "CHI") circulates along these meridians in the human body, the philosophical interpretation of which is difficult even from modern scientific positions. According to one of the leading Russian specialists V.G. Vogralik (1961), CHI is an integral function of all body activity, its energy, vitality tone. Each organ and system has CHI as an expression of exchange and function at a particular moment. The resultant of all these CHI is the CHI of the body.
According to the theory adopted in oriental medicine, vital energy enters the body through acupuncture points with food, from the environment and circulates through the body, passing through all the organs in sequence and making a full circuit during the day. This position on the circulation of energy is consistent with research on biological rhythms, which are increasingly recognized in modern medicine and biology.
The form of manifestation of vital energy is the interaction and struggle of two opposites, or "polar forces" - YANG (positive force) and YIN (negative force). On the principle of YANG-YIN, the founders of oriental medicine base the relationship of organs with each other and their connection with the integuments of the body. Disease is considered as an imbalance in the normal distribution of energy between Yang and Yin. If the symptoms indicate a "lack of energy," then the organ is in a YIN state and needs to be toned. In the presence of signs of "excess energy" corresponding to the state of the YAN, the latter should be reduced (dissipated). This change in energy distribution is achieved by acting on acupuncture points (see Appendix, Table 3).
From the point of view of modern knowledge, the idea of channels, vital energy, proposed since ancient times in the East, looks naive and archaic. But the positive effects of the therapeutic method force scientists from all countries to study the constructions of Chinese natural philosophy.
Depending on the tasks of acupressure, a targeted effect on the TA of certain zones is applied:
1) to influence the central nervous system, they act on points of a general or broad spectrum of action;
2) to influence the cervical autonomic apparatus, the points of the collar zone (C V 1 II —T) are used;
3) so-called segmental points are used to influence the function of internal organs;
4) to influence the radicular syndrome and peripheral nerves, acupressure is performed at regional points along the paravertebral lines;
5) to act on joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, mainly local points are used.
In addition, a number of meridian points have certain functions and are called standard. There are six of them on each meridian:
1) tonic point;
2) inhibitory (sedative) point - serves to enhance the inhibitory process;
3) point - "accomplice" - is used to enhance the exciting or inhibitory effect;
4) a stabilizing point is a point of transition of energy from one system of the body (meridian) to another (LO-point);
5) sympathetic, or point of agreement, - located outside the meridian and is also used to enhance the impact on the first two points;
6) the herald, or the point of alarm, has a diagnostic value.
The toning and inhibitory points of the meridian are processed, respectively, by inhibitory or stimulating methods of influence, a description of which will be given below.
Thus, acupressure is a method of reflexology, the area of influence of which is acupuncture points; the method of influence is massage. The founder of acupressure is E. D. Tyko-chinskaya (1969), who first developed and introduced this method for the treatment of patients with movement disorders. In sports practice, we began to use acupressure massage since 1975, and already in 1977 at the Republican Scientific Conference in Minsk, the results were reported confirming the feasibility of using this method in order to affect muscle tone (V.I. Vasichkin, G.N. . Vygodin, A. M. Tyurin).
General about acupressure
Massage as a healing and restorative remedy has been known for a long time. One of the first mentions of massage is found in Chinese manuscripts dating back to the 9th century. The great Greek physician Hippocrates wrote: "Massage can bind a joint that is too relaxed and soften a joint that is very tight."
Just like acupuncture and moxibustion, massage can be considered the oldest creative discovery Chinese medicine. The difference between these methods, in fact, lies only in different ways impact on biologically active points of the human body. So, in acupuncture, various needles made of metal alloys are used. In ancient times, sharp edges of stones, fragments of porcelain, bamboo needles were used as irritating objects, and only later, with the appearance in the 6th century. BC metal, began to make iron, silver and gold needles. Currently, acupuncture is carried out by means of the thinnest metal round needles, which are inserted at different depths depending on the place where the irritation is applied. The tip of the needle is somewhat blunt so as not to injure the tissue, violate its integrity and not cause painful sensations. However, the methods of administration and the acupuncture technique itself are available only to specialist doctors who have completed the appropriate training course.
Moxibustion is carried out with a red-hot metal stick, applying pieces of garlic to certain areas of the skin. However, wormwood cigars are the most widely used. For their production, dried wormwood is crushed and cigars with a diameter of 1 to 20-30 mm are made from it. Sometimes medicinal substances are added to wormwood: dry ginger, garlic, etc. In ancient China, it was believed that the key to success when using moxibustion is the formation of bubbles, in the absence of which the effect does not occur. However, the absence of sterile conditions during these procedures led to the appearance of purulent complications in the area of burns. The safer and more painless use of acupuncture and acupressure has led to the fact that the moxibustion method is currently practically not used.
As a special method of point exposure, used under certain conditions instead of acupuncture and moxibustion, pressure with a finger or the tip of a nail on the skin in the area of the biologically active point is used. This method is known in the East as "finger zhen", in Western countries - as a method of pressing, and in our country - as a method of finger point pressure. This method is especially indicated as a self-massage for children and adults who are afraid of injections.
The mechanism of action of massage is the same as for all of the above methods (acupuncture, moxibustion) of reflex therapy. It is based primarily on irritation of the mechanoreceptors of the skin (nerve endings that perceive mechanical irritation), subcutaneous tissue, muscle fibers, and nerve plexuses around the vessels.
Depending on the purpose, they allocate different kinds acupressure - hygienic, cosmetic, therapeutic, restorative, etc. The use of acupressure is shown as self-massage for various diseases, as well as a means to relieve physical fatigue.
The effectiveness of the massage depends on the correct choice and definition of the point and on the massage technique.
Before you start acupressure, you need to learn how to locate biologically active points. For this purpose, two methods are used that complement each other. The first method is to determine the location of points by anatomical landmarks (for example, ear, eye, spine, nail, various skin folds, etc.). Another method for determining biological points is the use of tsuni. According to the ancient Chinese technique, the entire human body is divided into puni. Tsun is not a specific distance, but a value that is individual for each person, depending on a person's height, fullness, physique, etc. In modern clinical practice, the basis for finding points is finger cun. To determine the length of one tsun, it is necessary to bend the middle finger so that, closing with the thumb, it forms a ring. The distance between the skin folds of the second phalanx of the middle finger will be equal to 1 tsun. The width of your thumb, measured slightly below the nail fold, is also 1 tsun.
It should be noted that the second method is not suitable for people with deformed altered joints. Thus, having measured your individual cun, you can get a universal, personal unit of measurement with which you can find biologically active points of the body. To facilitate the task, it is advisable to take a white ribbon or a narrow ribbon and apply up to 15 divisions on it (each is equal to 1 tsun). It is advisable to determine tsun in men on the left hand, and in women on the right.
Armed with the knowledge of the individual tsun, you need to get acquainted with the techniques of acupressure. For a layman, the most accessible and easily digestible are the three main techniques of acupressure: light touch, stroking, light and deep finger pressure.
Finger pressure during acupressure should always be strictly vertical, without displacement. The movement of the finger can be rotational or vibrating, but it must be non-stop. The stronger the impact on the point, the shorter it should be. One of the main acupressure techniques is thumb pressure. Many modern authors believe that the impact should be made with the pad of the thumb, but other experts recommend that pressure be produced by the joint between the first and second phalanges of the thumb. In their opinion, with this method, it is easier to regulate the strength of the impact, and besides, the finger gets tired less. However, regardless of the method of exposure, pressure with the tip of the finger should be excluded in all cases, as this can lead to injury to the skin, the appearance of micro-abrasions and the development of infectious complications. It should be noted that there is a special technique that is used in acupressure and is called "finger-needle" - when the action is carried out precisely with the tip of the finger.
There are several methods of thumb pressure.
1. Normal pressure. This method consists in one constant pressure on the point for 3-5 s, then the pressure is gradually stopped.
2. Repetitive pressure. The essence of the method is that the pressure is carried out in several stages. First, pressure is applied to the point for 5-6 s, then, without taking away the finger, the pressure is stopped and again resumed, repeating this procedure 3-4 times.
3. Pressing with two thumbs at the same time. In this method, the thumbs touch either the outer edges or the nail ends.
4. Pressing with overlapping thumbs. When using this method, the thumbs are not next to each other, as described in the previous case, but one on top of the other, and the pressure is made simultaneously with two fingers. This technique is used when massaging points located in those parts of the body where there is a large muscle mass.
When massaging different areas of the body, it is advisable to use different methods of massaging points. So, when acting on the back of the nose, supra- and infraorbital regions, it is convenient to press with the pads of two or three fingers at once. When massaging the back, the influence of the palm or its edge can be used, however, such an effect is not on the point, but on the entire reflex zone. In some cases, it is possible to use the technique of grasping the skin over the area of the point with three fingers, like a pinch.
Using the finger-needle method requires certain skills in its application. The end of the thumb or middle finger is set strictly vertically above the active point and "thrusting" is carried out, which is performed until an expanding feeling of aches of heaviness in the "finger-needle" appears. Typically, pressing continues for 4-5 s. Three-finger thrusting is also used - with the thumb, forefinger and middle finger.
When conducting acupressure, in addition to the correct technique, the tactics of its use are of paramount importance. It is advisable to carry out acupressure no longer than 10 minutes. Feet zones can be massaged several (3-4) times a day. For a therapeutic effect, it is usually enough to hold a few clicks on the points for several seconds. In case of acute pain (headache, toothache, etc.), the effect can be continued for 1-2 minutes. It is extremely important to adhere to the most important principle of medicine “do no harm”. When performing acupressure, a person should not experience any unpleasant, and even more so pain... If during the massage there are palpitations, sweating, feeling of heat or nausea, the effect must be stopped.
The most effective use of acupressure for preventive purposes: to relieve feelings of fatigue, anxiety, excessive stress, etc. It is possible to successfully treat functional diseases of internal organs with acupressure: neurocirculatory dystonia or cardiac neurosis, initial manifestations of hypertension, functional indigestion, etc. Less effective use of acupressure in the treatment of organic diseases.
There are also a number of conditions and diseases in which acupressure is contraindicated.
These include tumors of any localization, acute diseases accompanied by high fever, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, blood diseases (leukemia, lymphogranulomatosis), pregnancy, conditions associated with severe dysfunction of internal organs (heart failure, stroke, heart attack, severe disorders heart rate, etc.), as well as active forms of tuberculosis and varicose veins of the lower extremities. It is completely unacceptable to massage inflamed joints. In any case, when you are going to start treating a disease using acupressure, you need to consult your doctor. It should be remembered that there is no single remedy for all diseases and acupressure can be used in a complex of therapeutic measures. It can complement ongoing drug therapy or physiotherapy treatments.
After the massage, it is advisable to lie down for a while and relax.
Finding points
In order to correctly find the location of certain points, it is first of all necessary to determine the individual "tsun". "Tsun" - proportional segments, the size of which depends on the distance between the ends of the folds of the bent middle finger (Fig.).
This distance is different for each person, for a woman it is determined by right hand, for a man - on the left.
So, in order to determine where a certain point is, you need to divide all parts of the body into several tsuns. The following rules will also help to find this or that point:
1. The point is, as a rule, on the border of these segments.
2. Most often it coincides with a groove that you can feel with your finger.
To correctly find a particular point, you can also use the following landmarks (Fig.).
Landmarks for finding points: 1 - anterior median line; 2 - zygomatic arch; 3 - auricle; 4 - tragus; 5 - clavicle; 6 - supraclavicular fossa; 7 - subclavian fossa; 8 - subulate process of the radius; 10 - rear of the hand; 11 - the front surface of the thigh; 12 - the front surface of the lower leg; 13 - inner ankle; 14 - rear of the foot; 15 - the base of the I metatarsal bone; 16 - the head of the I metatarsal bone; 17 - arch of the foot; 18 - posterior midline; 19 - supraspinal fossa of the scapula; 20 - scapula; 21 - wrist; 22 - the back of the thigh; 23 - the back surface of the lower leg; 24 - outer ankle; 25 - heel tendon
The most important thing in locating points is accuracy. Only if the point is precisely determined can the desired effect be achieved. If you act on neighboring points, you can harm the body.
Another important condition for acupressure is a systematic impact on a specific set of points. It is important here both the systematic nature of the impact and the fact that it is necessary to massage the whole complex of points, and not one point. Only if all these conditions are met can the greatest effect be achieved.
Technique and methods of acupressure
Before starting, you should learn the basic rules. First, before starting a massage, you need to be examined and diagnosed.
Secondly, work only with warm hands. Thirdly, press with such force that the pressure is clearly felt, but at the same time it does not hurt.
The process of influencing BAP should not be long - it is enough to spend 10 minutes for the entire session, but it should be carried out regularly. Massage should be done in a calm mood, you need to relax and tune in to success.
The massage procedure itself is carried out as follows.
1. Put the pads of the index and (or) middle fingers on the desired acupressure points, which in most cases are located symmetrically. often in small depressions.
2. Gently feel for the "vital" points with your fingertips, press them with your fingertips and slowly increase the pressure.
3. The pressure should not be rough and sharp, should not leave bruises. The finger should be applied gently, perpendicular to the skin surface and strictly at the indicated point.
4. The average duration of the pressure should be between 10 and 30 seconds.
5. Pressing should be finished as soon as there is a feeling that the body no longer perceives irritation.
6. One point can be pressed successively 3-5 times, but after each pressing it is advisable to make a short pause.
7. When self-massage, do not press on a large number of points. It is necessary to monitor the reactions of your body.
8. Having selected the BAPs that affect the disease, the sequence of their pressing can be determined by yourself. In this case, you need to focus on the needs and reactions of your body. At the same time, the positive effect of the procedure manifests itself in different ways: for some, the effect is noticeable immediately, for others - only after a few sessions.
The main techniques of acupressure include rotation ("zhu"), vibration ("zeng") and pressure ("tsia").
Receiving rotation performed mainly by the palmar surface of the terminal phalanx II, III or the I fingers of the hand (with the pads of the fingers), less often the back of the middle phalanges, the terminal phalanx of the first finger, the base of the palm and the fist. Rotation takes a large place in almost any type of massage, and symmetrical points are processed simultaneously with two hands. Therefore, in order to correctly do the rotation with two hands, it is necessary to master this technique separately with the right and left hand.
The reception of rotation can be conditionally divided into three phases.
1. "Screwing in" - the imposition of a finger pad or other massaging area of the hand on the acupuncture point and then penetration through smooth, slow rotational movements into body tissues (skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscles) to different depths depending on the location of the point. Slow circular movements are performed without sliding on the skin, but always with an increase in pressure.
In the literature there is information that the shift of potassium-calcium balance occurring in the tissues affects the neuro-reflex mechanism (V. Natsuk, V. S. Goidenko). If you massage, that is, perform circular movements in a converging spiral, potassium ions will begin to collect from the surrounding tissues towards the center, which will give an exciting effect. When performing circular movements along an unfolding spiral, the same ions, as more mobile ones, will scatter, leaving inactive calcium ions in the TA, which will give an inhibitory effect. This opinion is difficult to argue scientifically, but practice confirms it.
2. Cessation of rotational movements and holding the finger at a depth with pressure.
3. "Unscrewing" - the return of the finger to its original position. In the third phase, slow circular motions
are also performed without sliding on the skin, but with a decrease in the pressure force. At the end of the phase, the finger does not come off the massaged area, and the first phase of a new intake cycle begins immediately, etc.
The frequency of rotational movements is on average one per second.
At a depth of pressure, the so-called anticipated sensations in the form of distention, numbness and soreness should occur. The number of rotations, the degree of pressure, the delay time of the finger at a depth with pressure depend on the goals of the massage. The direction of rotational movements can be different, although in the works of Japanese authors it is indicated that clockwise rotation of the massaging finger has a tonic effect, and counterclockwise - sedatively.
When performing a rotation technique, there are errors: rough, painful rotations with a tense hand, causing discomfort and pain; movements on the skin, and not with the skin, which reduces the effect of the technique; trauma to the skin with a nail; uneven pace of rotational movements; constant (small or large) force of pressure on the tissues in the first and third phases of reception, which is unpleasant for the massaged person and quickly tires the masseur.
Receiving vibration consists in the application of vibrational-shaking movements to a point or painful areas of the body, produced by the pads of one or more fingers, the palm, the elevation of the first finger or all fingers clenched into a fist. The fingers are usually placed perpendicular or at an acute angle to the acupuncture points. On painful areas of the body, vibration is performed with the palm, fist or elevation of the 1st Finger. In all cases, the massaging surface should fit snugly to the massaged place, and the vibrational-tremulous movements are directed into the depths of the tissues.
The force of pressure on the tissue can be constant or variable, then increase, then decrease. Therefore, the foreseen sensations can be different - from the feelings of bloating to painful ones with irradiation.
Vibration is produced stably, that is, in one place, or labile - along the meridian or the entire painful area of the body (see "Linear massage"). In addition, vibration can be intermittent. In this case, the masseur's hand, touching the massaged surface of the body, each time breaks away from it, as a result of which the technique takes on the character of separate vibrational-tremulous jerks following each other.
The vibration amplitude should be minimal, and the frequency - maximum, on average 160-200 vibrations per minute.
Vibration reception can be combined with rotational movements, mainly in the phase of delay at depth with pressure.
Vibration is a tedious technique for manual execution, and therefore special devices can be used to transmit vibration to the massaged area with different frequencies.
Most common mistakes when performing vibration reception: large amplitude and non-maximum rate of oscillatory movements; trauma to the skin with a nail.
Acceptance of pressure It is mainly carried out with the help of the first finger, and you need to press on the point with the second phalanx from the shoulder, arching the finger, with the arm straightened (Fig. 76). If you need to press on a point with more force, you need to put your fingers crosswise so that the force of both fingers passes along the same line, but the lower finger would be more rounded. In addition to pressing with the first finger, the following types are used in acupressure: the second phalanges of the II-IV fingers, the elevation of the first finger, the edge or base of the palm, with the burden of the first finger with the ulnar edge of the hand.
The direction of efforts when performing a pressure reception.
PTFE tip (1) with handle (2).
The pressure on the tissue can be constant or variable, then increase, then decrease. The force of pressure is different - from weak to strong, so the provided sensations are also different - from the appearance of a feeling of warmth and the appearance of redness to numbness.
The reception is laborious for a masseur, and in this regard, in acupressure, spherical tips with a diameter of 1 to 20 mm, made of plexiglass, hard wood (oak, boxwood), duralumin, ebonite, fluoroplastic, can be used. The upper figure shows a fluoroplastic tip with a handle, which we use on large muscles (rationalization proposal No. 51020 dated 06/05/86).
The main mistakes when performing a pressure reception: pressing the first phalanx of the finger, which can lead to injury.
Three methods of acupressure are used: strong, medium and weak.
Strong- inhibitory, providing analgesic and relaxing (decrease in muscle tone) effect. Allowed pressure with a force necessary to penetrate through all tissues to the skeletal system and reaching the intensity of the pain threshold and irradiation. Rotational movements, vibration and pressure are performed periodically, that is, 20-30 s with increasing force and 5-10 s and with decreasing pressure on the point. The total exposure time for each point is 5 minutes or more. As guidelines for dosage, you can use the appearance of a vasomotor reaction in the form of the disappearance of the pale spot after the cessation of pressure or the onset of muscle relaxation, clearly felt by the massaging finger.
In sports practice, a strong, inhibitory version of acupressure is mainly used for myogelosis, distinct muscle hypertonicity.
Middle method - a braking option that has a relaxing effect. The pressure is applied with a force that penetrates the muscles until the intended sensations are obtained in the form of bursting, numbness and aches. The frequency of movements is small, 10-12 s with an increase in efforts and 3-5 s with a decrease in the force of pressure on the point. The total exposure time is 2-3 minutes per point. The dosage criterion can be a vasomotor reaction in the form of a noticeable reddening of the skin at the sites of massage.
It is widely used for all conditions and diseases associated with increased muscle tone.
Weak- an exciting option that has a stimulating effect in the hypotonic state of the muscles. To achieve the stimulating effect, the finger, rotating, vibrating or pressing, deepens into the skin and subcutaneous tissue for 4-5 s, after which it is torn off the skin for 1 - 2 s. The duration of exposure at each point is 1 min on average. It is used mainly in medical practice in combination with complexes of physiotherapy exercises.
With deep pressure in the area of the point under the finger, a small fossa should form.
Applying this or that technique, you should carefully act on a point perpendicular to the surface of the skin. Stroking and pressing should not break the skin, cause sharp pain.
Stroking should be continuous, and the movement of the fingers should be horizontal-rotational clockwise or vibrating. The vibration or rotation must be done at a specific pace (slowing down or speeding up). Rotation can be combined with light pressure. Strong pressure should be short-lived. Typically, pressure is applied with the pad of the thumb or middle finger, sometimes with the other fingers. Depending on the duration and intensity of the effect, it has a tonic or calming effect. Hence, there are two main methods of acupressure: tonic and soothing.
The tonic method is characterized by short, strong pressure and the same rapid elimination of the finger from the point. Intermittent vibration is also common with this method. The duration of exposure to a point by this method is from 30 to 60 seconds.
The soothing method is characterized by smooth, slow rotational movements (not shifting the skin) or pressure with the fingertips with a gradual increase in the pressure force and a finger retention at a depth. The movements are repeated 3-4 times, while the finger does not come off the point. The impact on the point with the sedative method is continuous. The duration of exposure to each point is from 3 to 5 minutes.
The conditions for carrying out a massage by one method or another are the same: before the massage, take a comfortable position, completely relax, distract from extraneous thoughts, focusing all attention on the massage. The desired result sometimes occurs during a massage session, sometimes after it, in some cases - after a massage course consisting of several sessions. Often it is enough to act on 2-3 points to feel the positive effect of the massage. Therefore, one should not rush to massage all points. Firstly, it is necessary to follow a certain sequence, and secondly, do not rush to move from one point to another.
Indications and contraindications for acupressure and linear massage
Point and linear massage has a number of advantages over other types of reflexology:
1) learning to finger massage is much easier than, for example, acupuncture;
2) hygienic requirements during massage sessions are minimal and do not require any complex devices, disinfectants;
3) these types of massage can be carried out on an outpatient basis and in any forced conditions (on the street, in industrial premises);
4) the effectiveness of the impact of experienced massage therapists is not inferior to acupuncture;
5) finger massage is very convenient when providing emergency, as well as in the form of self-massage;
6) point and linear self-massage is very effective for restoring performance and physical fatigue.
The hygienic requirements for acupressure and linear massage are similar to those for classical manual massage and are widely described in the literature.
When using reflexology methods in medical and sports practice, one should focus on the indications and contraindications for these types of massage.
Basic indications
The main indications for the use of acupressure and linear massage in practice are painful sensations of functional genesis and hypertonicity of the muscular system, as well as the following diseases:
1. Neuroses.
Anxiety neuroses.
Hysterical neurosis.
Depressive neurosis.
Neurasthenia.
Certain neurotic syndromes such as hiccups, aerophagia, etc.
2. Diseases of the nervous system.
Neuritis of the facial nerve.
Trigeminal neuralgia.
Neuritis of the radial, ulnar, median nerves, brachial plexitis, sciatica.
Vegetative-vascular syndromes.
3. Diseases of the circulatory system.
Essential benign hypertension stage I.
Reflex angina pectoris.
Cardiac arrhythmias (extrasystole), not associated with severe pathology of the heart muscle. Hypotension.
4. Diseases of the digestive system.
Functional disorders of the esophagus.
Functional stomach disorders.
Functional bowel disorders.
5. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system of the connective tissue.
Spondyloarthritis.
Osteoarthritis, deforming arthrosis, spondylosis, traumatic spondylopathy.
Arthritis (rheumatic, allergic).
Lumbago, intercostal myalgia, periarthritis of the shoulder scapula.
6. Osteochondrosis of the spine.
Neurodystrophic syndromes of cervical and lumbar osteochondrosis.
Brachial sciatica.
Cervical sciatica.
Thoracic sciatica with visceral pain.
Lumbosacral sciatica.
Relative indications
Point and linear massage can be considered as symptomatic therapy for organic diseases of the nervous system and internal organs, in which there are structural changes in organs and systems. However, in some cases, positive shifts and even delays in the disease process may appear, not to mention the general strengthening and psychotherapeutic effect of reflexotherapy.
Contraindications
The main group of contraindications are:
1) benign tumors;
2) all malignant neoplasms of the organs of the lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue;
3) diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs;
4) acute infectious diseases and febrile conditions of unknown etiology;
5) myocardial infarction;
6) thrombosis and vein embolism in the acute period;
7) severe exhaustion;
8) physical stress;
9) acute inflammatory processes of the musculoskeletal system;
10) tuberculosis;
11) stomach and duodenal ulcer;
12) mental disorders;
13) pregnancy;
14) old age.
It is not recommended to carry out acupressure for severe heart diseases, in the presence of pathology in the work of the kidneys, lungs, as well as at high body temperature. You should not resort to acupressure during menstruation, in a state of alcoholic intoxication and on an empty stomach. Sudden changes in atmospheric pressure can also negatively affect the body if acupressure is performed.
It is forbidden to drink coffee, strong tea, alcoholic beverages, spicy and salty foods during the entire course of the massage. It is also not recommended to take a bath during a therapeutic massage course. It is best to take a short warm shower or wash each part of the body separately, taking a break of several hours.
In matters of indications and contraindications for the use of acupressure and linear massage, it is not enough to be guided only by the nosological principle, it is necessary to take into account individual symptoms and syndromes of diseases, individual reactivity. For example, acupressure as a method of analgesic (pain-relieving) action can be used for benign tumors with a sharp pain syndrome and for other diseases.
Additionally, it should be borne in mind that acupressure and linear massage after physiotherapeutic procedures can be carried out 3-4 hours and no earlier than 3 months after X-ray therapy, taking large doses of narcotic, psychotropic drugs and steroid hormones.
Acupressure massage against nausea and vomiting
All points are shown in the figures (see below)
Nausea and vomiting are symptoms that accompany many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. It is completely futile to treat them without knowing the reasons that caused them, since the main cause of these conditions will not be eliminated. However, using acupressure, you can relieve your condition. To do this, it is advisable to massage the following points:
3.36 - Tszu-san-li.
8.21 - Yu-men. The point is symmetrical, located 2 tsun below the junction of the sternum with the xiphoid process and 0.5 tsun away from the midline.
9.6 — Nei-guan ("Inner Discoverer"). The point is located 2 tsunya above the wrist fold on the midline of the forearm, between the tendons in the depression between the ulna and the radius. Refers to points of general action. The location of the point corresponds to the median nerve passing in depth.
The point is also used in the treatment of pain in the heart, tachycardia, myocarditis, pain in the elbow joint and shoulder, with increased blood pressure, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, as well as bronchial asthma and neuroses.
12.2 - Xing-jian. The point is located on the foot, 0.5 tsunya outward from the interdigital fold, between the thumb and second toes.
14.12 - Chzhong-wan ("Middle Channel"). The point is located 4 cuns above the navel along the midline of the abdomen.
Acupressure massage for chronic gastritis
Treatment of chronic gastritis must be comprehensive. Acupressure massage can be successfully used in the treatment of chronic gastritis in combination with other traditional methods.
When treating chronic gastritis, the following points should be massaged.
3.25 - Tien Shu. The point is used in the treatment of chronic diseases of the stomach, intestines, chronic cholecystitis, menstrual irregularities, urinary retention.
3.36 - Tszu-san-li. The point is stimulated in the treatment of gastric ulcer, gastritis, functional diseases of the central nervous system, diseases of the oral cavity, hypertension, psoriasis.
8.21 -Yu-men.
12.2 - Xing-jian. The point is located on the foot, 0.5 tsunya outside the interdigital fold between the thumb and second toe.
13.14 - Yes-chzhui.
14.12 — Zhong-wan. Refers to points of general action.
In the area of the point are the epigastric artery and branches of the intercostal nerves.
The point is also used in the treatment of pain in the stomach, intestines, tosh-iota, gastric ulcer, gastroduodenitis, gastritis, cholecystitis, asthenic conditions and neuroses.
14.14 — Ju-tsue. The point is located 2 cuns below the junction of the sternum with the xiphoid process.
It is advisable to massage the lower thoracic spine with your hands or a massager. Using a rolling pin, massage your feet.
To do this, while sitting on the floor, put your feet on a rolling pin and roll it.
The following exercise has a beneficial effect on the work of the digestive tract.
Massage your index fingers.
Then sit on a chair, rest your palms on the seat, straighten your arms, raise your legs, keeping them parallel to the floor, and try to lift your body away from the chair. If you succeed, stay in this position for 5 seconds and repeat the exercise 5 times, and then after a short break, do the exercise again.
Acupressure massage for neurocirculatory dystonia
Neurocirculatory dystonia is a functional disease of the cardiovascular system, which is accompanied by pain in the region of the heart; an increase or decrease in blood pressure is possible. The diagnosis of neurocirculatory dystonia is established by a physician. Pain in neurocirculatory dystonia is burning, shooting, pulling, piercing, as a rule, it is localized in the region of the heart, does not radiate, lasts for a long time, is stopped (removed) by taking validol, corvalol, and also with physical exertion. In the complex of measures for the treatment of neurocirculatory dystonia, along with the normalization of the lifestyle, the reduction of stress loads, the observance of the work and rest regimen and the use of medications an important role can be played by acupressure, which helps to relieve pain or get rid of it. In this disease, massage of the following points is recommended.
5.5 - Tun-li. The point is located 1 cun above the proximal fold of the wrist joint, between the flexor tendons.
5.7 — Shen-men ("Gates of the Spirit"). The point is located on the arm, in the anterior region, in the inner part of the proximal wrist fold, between the flexor tendons of the fingers.
9.6-Nei-guan.
It is also possible to use other points.
3.36 - Tszu-san-li.
4.6 - San-yin-jiao.
13.48 — Bao Huang. The point is located outward from the center of the gap between the rudiments of the spinous processes of the 2nd and 3rd lumbar vertebrae.
2.37 - Wow. The point is located outward from the center of the gap between the spinous processes of the 3rd and 4th thoracic vertebrae.
Contrast foot baths also help relieve pain in the heart. To do this, you need to take two basins, one of them with water at a temperature of 40-42 ° C, and the other half as much (20-21 ° C). The feet are lowered into a hot bath; when they get warm, put their feet in cool water; as soon as there is a feeling of chilliness, they again lower their feet into hot water. This procedure is repeated several times, ending with cold water, and then rubbing the legs with a terry towel until reddening. For older people, the water temperature can be reduced to 37 ° C, while the use of a contrast shower can be recommended for younger people.
To relieve pain, you can use a hot bath (41-42 ° C) for 7-10 minutes for the right hand.
Acupressure massage for hypertension
The use of acupressure can be a powerful adjunct in the treatment of hypertension. However, before
use acupressure, it is imperative to consult with your doctor, as only he can determine the presence of contraindications to such treatment. In the process of treating hypertension, it is necessary to control the level of blood pressure. It is necessary to take into account the individual reaction, as well as the dynamics of blood pressure when exposed to certain groups of points and use the most favorable of them for repeated impacts. It is not recommended to carry out acupressure on your own in case of cerebrovascular accident and other complications of hypertension.
Most often, for the treatment of hypertension, massage of the following points is used.
3.36 - Tszu-san-li.
9.b-Nei-guan.
4.6 — San-yin-jiao.
The point affects both the maximum (systolic) and minimum (diastolic) blood pressure and is one of the most important in the treatment of hypertension.
2.11 - Qui-chi.
3.44 — Nei-ting ("Lower Hall"). The point is located between the heads of the II and III metatarsal bones. This is where the dorsal artery and the dorsal nerve are located. The point is used for diseases of the stomach, small intestine, oral mucosa, headache, inflammatory diseases of the joints of the feet, sleep disorders.
2.15 - Tszyan-yu ("Shoulder bed"). The point is located above the shoulder joint, between the acromial process of the scapula and the greater tubercle of the humerus and corresponds to the depression formed during passive abduction of the arm. The location of the point corresponds to the middle of the deltoid muscle.
Point massage is recommended for diseases of the upper extremities, radiculitis, shoulder plexitis, neuritis, arthritis and arthrosis of the shoulder joint. The point is part of the collar zone, which is why it is used for vegetative disorders, pelvic pathology.
12.14 - Qi-men 403].
5.7 - Shen-men. Point massage is carried out with a decrease in appetite, pain in the heart, paroxysmal tachycardia of a neurogenic nature. The impact on this point is especially shown in case of neuroses, depression, anxiety, fears, loss of memory and attention.
1 and 5-Tszyu-wei.
9.7 - Da-ling ("Big Hill"). The point is located in the middle of the wrist fold in the area of the wrist joint, between the tendons of the palmaris longus and the radial flexor of the hand. At the location of the point, the median nerve passes.
The point affects the maximum (systolic) blood pressure.
Acupressure massage for osteochondrosis of the spine
All points are shown in the pictures (see the article in general about acupressure)
Osteochondrosis is one of the most common diseases of the ligamentous-articular apparatus. The development of the disease is associated with a sedentary and sedentary lifestyle, improper posture, excessive physical activity... Using acupressure at home can be an effective treatment for this ailment.
Before starting a massage session, it is advisable to use universal points that are used for various diseases:
3.36 (Tszu-san-li). Then you should begin to massage the points located on the meridian of the bladder. They are all located on the back.
7.22 - San-jiao-shu. The point is symmetrical, located 1.5 tsun away from the depression under the spinous process of the 1st lumbar vertebra.
7.23 - Shen-shu. The point is used in the treatment of kidney diseases, pain in the lumbar region, menstrual irregularities, hearing impairment, diabetes mellitus, hemorrhoids and intestinal colic.
7.24 - Chi-hai-shu.
7.25 - Da-chan-shu.
7.26 - Guan-yuan-shu. The location of the point is the same as 7.25 (Da-chang-shu), just under the 5th lumbar vertebra.
7.60 - Kun-lun ("The name of the mountain in Tibet"). The point is located in the middle of the indentation between the center of the outer ankle and the heel tendon, at the level of the ankle apex. Refers to points of general action. The location of the point corresponds to the location of the short peroneal muscle, the posterior ankle artery and the sural nerve.
Point massage is indicated for headaches, dizziness, pain in the neck, back, lower back, diseases of the pelvic organs, ankle joint, arterial hypertension, neuroses and insomnia.
13.4 — Ming-Men ("The Gate of Life"). The point is located directly between the spinous processes of the 2nd and 3rd lumbar vertebrae. In this area are the posterior branches of the lumbar artery and the posterior branches of the lumbar plexus.
The point is massaged for headache, radicular pain syndrome of lumbar localization, neuroses, especially combined with insomnia, asthenic conditions, hemorrhoids, intestinal colic, dysfunction of the pelvic organs.
Acupressure massage for neurasthenia
Neurasthenia is one of the most common types of neurosis, which is manifested by increased excitability and irritability, combined with rapid fatigue and exhaustion. A patient with neurasthenia quickly falls asleep, but also quickly wakes up from the slightest rustle, reactions of irritation, resentment and anger easily arise, but they are short-lived, since exhaustion quickly sets in. In some cases, neurasthenia is a consequence of mental fatigue or chronic action of a traumatic situation. There are two main forms of neurasthenia: a) hypersthenic, which is clinically manifested by symptoms of increased excitability, and b) hyposthenic, characterized by lethargy, apathy, and drowsiness. The choice of formula for acupressure depends on clinical manifestations disease and is determined by the leading pathological symptom. The principles of treating neurasthenia and the main points for acupressure are as follows.
13.14-Da-chzhui.
7.60 - Kun-Lun.
13.20 -Bai Hui.
2.11 - Qui-chi.
In the case of severe tearfulness, emotional instability, a good effect has an effect on the following points.
2.4-he-gu. 7.10 - Tien-chu 399].
7.15-Gao-huang.
7.34 - Xia-liao. The point is located below the lumbar region, above the 4th sacral foramen.
14.4 - Guan-yuan. The point is located on the median line below the navel at 3 tsunya.
Insomnia
If you suffer from insomnia, instead of using sleeping pills, we recommend massaging the following points before bed.
4.6 - San-yin-jiao.
5.7 - Shen-men. 7.10 - Tien-chu 399]. 9.6 - Nei-guan. 11.20-Feng-chi. .SH4-Da-chzhui)
