It is written -N-:

It is written -НН-:

In full passive participles formed from perfective verbs	purchased notebook (from perfective verb buy)
In full passive past participles	abandoned a rock
In a sacrament that has dependent words with it (i.e. in participle turnover)	dyed(with what?) oil paint door; boiled(where?) Potatoes in a pot
With prefix (except non-)	painted, broken
In participles on -ovanny (-evanny)	marinated in vinegar pecked bird
In participles expressing a temporary state	He, wounded waiting for help

NOTES:

1) With all the many cases when NN is written in the full passive participle, they are all united by one circumstance: in all cases these are past participles. Therefore, it turns out that the past tense - sufficient condition spelling NN in full participles. Moreover, we can say this: full passive participles are always written with two H. If there is one letter H in the word, then this is not a participle, but a verbal adjective (for example, baked potato, fused cheese).

2) Do not forget that participles can turn into adjectives - and in this case one letter H is written in the word. Therefore, it is important not to confuse participles and adjectives.

Examples :

called brother - called brother
(participle transition named into an adjective named th);

planted father - planted in the yard
(participle transition planted into an adjective planted).

Spelling Н and НН in nouns

In derived nouns n or nn is written depending on the morphemes with which nouns are formed, or in accordance with the stem from which they are derived.

1. nn it is written:

1) if the root of the word ends in n, and the suffix starts with n: elder-nick (elderberry), squad-nick (druzhina), raspberry-nick (raspberry), swindler-nick (purse), aspen-nick (aspen), mountain ash-nick (mountain ash); dowry-nits-a (dowry), sleepless-nits-a (sleep), ringing-nits-a (ringing), log-nits-a (log);

2) if the noun is formed from an adjective with nn, or from a participle: soreness (painful), agitated-awn (agitated), hryvnia-ik (hryvnia), power of attorney (trusted), covetousness (coy), spoiled-awn (spoiled), chosen-ik (chosen), exiled-ik (expelled), konn-itsa (equestrian), root-ik (indigenous), larch-itsa (deciduous), inadvertent-ost (unexpected), educated-ost (educated), public-ik (public), organized-ost ( organized), captive-ik (prisoner), sent-ik (sent), privileged-ost (privileged), production-ik (production), millet-ik (millet), craft-ik (handicraft), related-ik (related ), priest-ik (sacred), seed-ik (seed), own-ik (own), modern-ik (modern), coherent-awn (harmonized), fog-awn (foggy).

2. H written in words: crimson-itsa (crimson), varen-ik (boiled), windy-awn, windy-ik, windy-itsa (windy), gostin-itsa (living room), drovyan-ik (wood-burning), hemp-ik (hemp) , smoked-ost (smoked), bone-ika (bone), maslen-itsa (oily), mudren-ost (tricky), oat-itsa (oatmeal), peat-ik (peat), smart-awn (intelligent) and etc., as well as in the words olsha-nik, omshan-ik.

Spelling Н and НН in suffixes of denominative adjectives (formed from a noun)

1. N is written:

1) for adjectives formed from nouns with the help of suffixes -enn-, -onn-: artificial, cranberry, straw, operating, session, station and etc.; adjectives formed from nouns for me (time, flame, etc.) can also be included here: temporary, fiery, seed, nominal, tribal etc.

In adjective windy one is written n , since it is not formed from the noun wind, but from the verb wind with a suffix -n- , which does not contradict the spelling rule n in verbal adjectives: weathered, weathered, weathered- formed from verbs;

2) for adjectives formed from adjectives with a suffix -enn-, indicating a large measure of the sign: tall, hefty, broad and etc;

3) for adjectives formed from nouns based on n(second -n- adjective suffix): long(length), true(true), millionth(million), vintage(old), canvas(canvas) and etc.

Type adjectives lamb, carp, seal written from one n , since they are formed from nouns with a stem on n by adding a suffix -j- .

The words spicy, ruddy, youthful are written with one n (non-derivative adjectives); in words derived from them, one n is also written: spice, blush, blush, youth(but: junior, since this word is formed from the combination young naturalist).

2. H is written with adjectives formed from nouns using suffixes -in-, -an-, -yan- : pigeon(pigeon), goose(goose), chicken, aquiline, swan, leather(leather), sandy(sand), cereous(wax), linen(canvas) silver, wood burning and etc.

Exceptions: glass, pewter, wood.

It is necessary to distinguish between adjectives, the spelling of which depends on their meaning:

a) windy- “accompanied by the wind, with the wind” (windy weather), “frivolous” - trans. (windy girl, youth); wind- “driven by the force of the wind” (wind turbine, pump, mill); in combination with chicken pox, the adjective has a suffix -yan- , compare: chickenpox- colloquial;

b) oily- "soaked in oil, oiled, stained with oil" ( butter pancakes, porridge, hands), trans. ( oily eyes, oily voice, also: oily week - carnival); oil- “for oil, from oil, in oil” ( oil cookie, oil paint, oil engine, pump etc.); compare: oily bottle("designed for oil") and oily bottle("soiled with oil");

v) silver- "subjected to silvering, covered with silver" (silver spoon); silver- “made of silver” (silver spoon);

G) salty- “containing salt” (salted fish); hydrochloric- "consisting of salt" ( salt mine, hydrochloric pillar). In combination hydrochloric acid in the adjective is written with a suffix -yan- .

Spelling Н and НН in verbal adjectives and participles

Full Forms

Spelled with nn suffixes of the full forms of passive past participles: -nn- and -yonn- (-enn- ). Adjectives correlative with them in form are written in some cases also with nn in a suffix, in others - with one n .

1. Spelled with nn participles and adjectives -wounded, -wounded, -wounded(formed from verbs in -ovate, -evate), For example: spoiled, uprooted, lined, painted, organized; uprooted, spoiled, painted, lined, reorganized.

2. They are also written with nn communion not on -ovanny(- evanny, - evanny) verbs perfect look and related adjectives; the vast majority of such verbs contain a prefix.

a) Examples of forms formed from prefixed verbs: bleached, washed, knitted, roasted, scribbled, dyed, peeled, scolded, dyed, counted, untangled, made.

b) A list of forms of native non-prefixed verbs, as well as some verbs, the prefix in which can only be distinguished etymologically: abandoned, given, finished, bought, deprived, captive, forgiven, let go, decided, seized, revealed; met, ventured, offended, found, obligated, visited, supplied.

Forms are written according to this rule. two-species(meaning both perfect and imperfect) verbs to marry, to bequeath, to promise, to execute, to give birth: married, bequeathed, promised, executed, born.

Exceptions. are written with one n correlative adjectives with participial forms in the following stable combinations: finished man, named brother, named sister, planted father, planted mother, Forgiveness Sunday .

3. Communions are not on -ovanny(- evanny, - evanny) verbs imperfect form(they are formed only from non-prefixed verbs) and adjectives correlative with them are written differently: participles with nn , adjectives - with one n , For example: wagons laden with firewood, fish fried in oil, oil painting, hair cut by a barber and short-cropped hair, benches dyed with green paint, a floor not swept for a long time, walls not yet whitewashed, money counted more than once, an offer made many times; but: loaded barge, fried fish, written beauty, cropped hair, painted benches, swept floors, whitewashed walls, a few minutes, feigned indifference; likewise knitted and knitted, ironed and ironed, braided and braided, brushed and peeled; are also written: chewed and chewed, pecked and chiselled, forged and forged.

According to this rule, the forms of two-part verbs are written concuss, baptize and hurt. Wed: soldier shell-shocked in the head, seriously wounded soldier, soldier wounded in the leg, just baptized baby, but: shell-shocked commander, wounded soldier, baptized child.

As can be seen from the examples, the participle is recognized by the presence of dependent words. There are, however, rare cases when the dependent word is not a sign of the sacrament. For example, you should write: his mustache is clearly dyed(obviously artificial where the word clearly used with an adjective); the walls, previously whitewashed, are now covered with green paint(walls used to be white).

In words with the prefix non-, in compound words and in some combinations? repetitions of the form of participles and adjectives are written in the same way as in a separate (without a prefix and not as part of a compound word or a repetition combination) use .

Examples:

1. Words with a prefix not- :

Spelled with nn : uneducated, unlined, untested, unfinished, unbought, unforgiven ;

Spelled with n : unbleached, unironed, uninvited, unforged, unfed, undyed, unmeasured, unpaved, unplowed, unbidden, uncounted.

2. Compound words:

Spelled with nn : Highly Skilled, Solid Forged, Acquired, Freshly Painted, Purposeful, Born Blind, Insane;

Spelled with n : plain dyed, homespun, finely crushed, self-styled, seriously wounded, one-piece .

3. Combinations-repetitions with a prefix re- in the second part, having amplifying value. In them, the second part is written in the same way as the first (with nn or n ), For example:

Spelled with nn : mortgaged-re-mortgaged, solved-resolved ;

Spelled with n : patched-re-patched, washed-re-washed, mended-re-mended, read-re-read, darned-re-darned.

Exceptions. Spelled with nn instead of n :

a) adjectives desired, longed and (as part of stable combinations) seen case?; is it a heard thing? They are formed from imperfective verbs wish, wait and see, hear .

Special cases: adjectives put on spilled sea; they are formed from prefixed imperfective verbs put on, pour, i.e. from verbs with the suffix - wa- , which naturally do not form passive past participles;

b) adjectives with a prefix not-: unknown, unseen, unexpected, unwanted, unexpected, unseen, unexpected, unheard of, unexpected and (as part of a stable combination) watchful eye;

c) compound adjectives long-awaited, homegrown and (as part of own name) Andrew the First-Called.

The second parts of these prefixed and compound adjectives also correspond to imperfective verbs.

Short forms

Short forms of passive past participles are written with one n , For example: chitan, chitana, chitano, chitany; read, read, read, read; labeled, labeled, labeled, labeled; marked, marked, marked, marked. The forms of the neuter gender are also written in impersonal usage, for example: smoky, littered, worn, worn, worn-run, worn-crossed .

Short forms (except for the form male) adjectives with a qualitative meaning, coinciding in form with the passive participles of the past tense of perfective verbs, written with nn , For example: educated, educated, educated(from adjective educated‘discovering the results of a good upbringing’); spoiled, spoiled, spoiled(from adjective spoiled‘accustomed to the fulfillment of his whims’); lofty, lofty, exalted(from adjective exalted‘full of high content’). These adjectives have comparative forms: more educated, more spoiled, more sublime.

Compare the following examples in pairs with short forms of participles and adjectives: She was raised by a distant relative . – She has good manners she is educated. She is spoiled good conditions – She is naughty and spoiled.

Short forms of adjectives on -ny written with one n , if these adjectives require dependent words and do not have a comparative form. Examples: attached to someone‘attached’ She is very attached to him; filled with something‘full, imbued’ – The soul is full of sorrow; heard of something‘well-informed’ We've heard about his tricks..

Some adjectives have different meanings differently spelled short forms. For example, different spellings of short forms of the word devotee: She is kind and dedicated and She is dedicated. In the first example devoted- same adjective as educated, spoiled, exalted, it has a comparative degree more devoted; the second is the same as attached, performed, heard(requires dependent words: someone, something).

Short forms of adjectives, expressing various emotional states, can be written with n or with nn depending on the conveyed shades of meaning. For instance: She's excited(she gets excited) Her speech is excited(her speech reveals, expresses excitement). In the first case it is also possible to write excited(which would emphasize that her appearance expresses excitement), and in the second case, the spelling excited impossible (because speech cannot ‘feel agitated’).

In difficult cases of distinguishing such short forms, one should refer to the academic Russian Spelling Dictionary.

Short forms of complex adjectives, the second parts of which coincide with participles on -ny, are written with n or nn depending on the value. Adjectives expressing signs that can be manifested to a greater or lesser extent, i.e., forming forms of a comparative degree, have short forms (except for the masculine form) with nn ; adjectives that do not allow comparative forms in meaning have short forms with one n , For example:

well-bred, -nno, -nny; well-maintained, -nno, -nny; self-confident, -no, -no; purposeful, -no, -no; purposeful, -no, -no(there are comparative forms more well-bred, more comfortable, self-confident, more purposeful, more purposeful);

interconnected, -but, -ny; interdependent, -but, -ny; generally recognized, -but, -us; contraindicated, -but, -us(no forms of comparative degree).

Short forms of adjectives with a qualitative meaning, the full forms of which are transmitted in writing with one n , are written in the same way as full ones. For instance: done, done, done(from done‘unnatural, forced’); confused, confused, confused(from confused‘illogical, confusing’); scholar, scholar, scholar(from scientist‘thoroughly knowing something’). Comparative forms are written in the same way ( smarter, more confused, more learned) and adverbs on -O(done, confused, learned).

Such adjectives are few; the vast majority of correlative adjectives with participles in -ny have no qualitative value; these are boiled, boiled, soaked, dried, chiseled etc.

SPELLING H-NN IN ADVERSE SUFFIXES

Adverbs for -O , formed from adjectives and passive participles, are written with a double n or one n - depending on how the corresponding adjective or participle is written.

For instance:

Spelled with nn : unintentionally, unheard of(from accidental, unheard), excitedly, excitement(excited), confidently;

Spelled with n : confused(talks confusedly), confusion, confusion(from confused), learned(very learned),windy(it's windy outside today).

NN is written in the passive past participles:

If participles are formed from prefixed verbs: a read manuscript, a pasted picture, a painted fence, a path traveled, a film watched;

If the sacraments have a dependent word with them: a recently mowed meadow, a painted picture three years ago, a roof painted by a house painter, a cobbled road;

If participles are formed from non-prefixed verbs of the perfect form: abandoned (throw), given (give), executed (execute), bought (buy), deprived (deprive), captive (captivate).

H is written in verbal adjectives:

If adjectives are formed from imperfective verbs (without prefixes, not containing suffixes - ovann-, - ёvann-): whitewashed house (to whiten is an imperfective verb), mad dog, boiled potatoes, blued steel, red-hot bayonet, dried berry;

If adjectives do not have a dependent word with them: painted floor (but: oil-painted floor), loaded barge (but: sand-laden barge). Note. The distinction between passive participles and verbal adjectives in some cases is carried out not only by the presence or absence of prefixes and dependent words, but also by meaning. For example, in the phrases “captive oven and melted fat”, the signs denoted by the words “captive and melted” are of different properties: in the first case, the verbal meaning is preserved (there is a time limit), that is, the definition is expressed by participle; in the second case, a constant sign is named (cf. also: baked milk, baked butter), that is, the definition is expressed by an adjective. A semantic difference is also observed in such sentences: Being wounded, the commander still gave orders (the word being introduces a temporary meaning into the form wounded, thereby reinforcing its verbality). - Soldiers appeared at the edge, carrying out their dead and wounded comrades (the sign is indicated by an adjective).

In short passive participles, in contrast to full participles, it is written H, in short verbal adjectives, as well as in denominatives, it is written NN:

With a short participle, there is (or is thought of) a noun in the form of the instrumental case with the meaning of the agent; cf .: The territory near the new house has not yet been landscaped (communion). - The territory near the new house was small, undeveloped (adjective); Sons were always lucky, and they were spoiled by fate (communion). - Sons were capricious and spoiled (adjective); Article read for taping (communion). - The girl was musical and well-read (adjective); The population was excited by the message on the radio. - The sea is excited today;

Brief passive participles are used in constructions with a dependent infinitive: The student intends to answer the question; with dependent addition: Athletes were sure of victory; (but: Basketball players' shots were accurate and confident - no padding). Note 1. Some verbal adjectives in short form are written with n (if they are formed from prefixed verbs, which makes them closer to participles): Her eyes were tearful (cf .: tearful eyes); His coat was worn (a worn coat). Note 2. In nouns and adverbs formed from participles and verbal adjectives, as many n are written as they were in the generating basis: pupil (educated), chosen one (chosen), priest (sacred), protege (set), dumpling (boiled) , smoked products (smoked), martyr (tormented), ice cream (from the adjective ice cream - to freeze); enter in an organized way (organized), answer confusedly (confused), look surprised (surprised).

The spelling of participles includes several types of rules:

1) spelling of participle endings;
2) spelling of vowels in participle suffixes;
3) spelling nn and n in participles (and in verbal adjectives).

Since the spelling of nn and n in verbal adjectives is similar to the spelling of nn and n in participles, these rules are considered in one paragraph. For the same reason, this paragraph also discusses the rules for spelling nn and n in nouns and adverbs formed from participles and verbal adjectives.

1. Spelling of participle endings:

Participles have the same endings as adjectives. Therefore, the spelling of vowels in the endings of participles, like that of adjectives, is checked by questions.

Wed: v[which ?] raging sea; v[what?] raging sea; With[what?] raging sea.

2. Spelling of vowels in participle suffixes:

a) present time depends on the conjugation of the verb from which this participle is formed:

v real participles present tense: -usch-(-yusch-) - I conjugation; -ashch-(-box-) - II conjugation. These vowels coincide with the vowels of personal endings of single-root verbs in the form of the 3rd person plural;

Wed: decide t(I question) - decisive; building t(II question) - building.

Note!

In a word future(by origin - participle) the suffix -yush- is added to the stem bud-, therefore, before the suffix, you should not write an extra vowel u (!).

v passive participles present tense: -om-(-em-) - I conjugation; -im- - II conjugation. These vowels coincide with the vowels of the personal endings of single-root verbs in the form of the 3rd person singular.

Wed: solve t(I question) - solved; build t(II question) - build.

b) spelling of vowels in participles past tense does not depend on the conjugation, but on the final vowel stem of the infinitive (past tense) of the verb from which this participle is formed:

• v real participles;

Glue - glued, melted - melted.

v passive participles before the suffix -nn- (-n-) are written:

• vowels a, i, e, if the stem of the verb ends in a, i, e;

  Hanging - hung; sow - sown, see - seen.

  vowels e, e, if the stem of the verb ends in and (the verbal suffix -i- is truncated) or in a consonant.

  Wed: hang up - hanged; build - built, sweep - swept, shoot - shot.

3. Spelling n and nn in full participles and full verbal adjectives:

a) H is written in full participles and verbal adjectives:

if they do not have prefixes, dependent words, a combination of suffixes -ovann-, -evann- and if they are formed from an imperfective verb;

Paint[what to do?] - painted floor; mow[what to do?] - mowed meadow, write[what to do?] - painted portrait.

• in phraseological units:;

in a substantiated verbal adjective: dowry (of the bride).

b) NN is written in full participles and verbal adjectives:

• if there is a prefix (other than non-).

  To mow - from a mowed meadow, to write - a painted portrait.

  The prefix non- does not affect the spelling of n and nn;

  Wed: not mowed meadow - not mowed clover; unpainted floor - unpainted floor.

• if there is a dependent word;

  Cohen[when?] last Friday meadow; painted[when?] last Friday floor; written[how?] oil paints portrait.

if the participle and the verbal adjective are formed from a perfective verb (regardless of whether there are prefixes and dependent words);

Wed: decide[what to do?] - solved problem; quit[what to do?] - abandoned mine.

if participles and verbal adjectives end in -ovanny, -ovanny, and -ova-, -eva- are part of the verbal suffix.

Wed: pamper - spoiled, arrest - arrested, uproot - uprooted.

Exceptions: forged, chewed(-ov- is part of the root: kov-, chew-);

v exceptions(in some non-prefixed verbal adjectives or adjectives with the prefix non-): given, done, slow, sacred, desired, cutesy, conceited, chased, pecked, desperate, cursed, unseen, unheard, unintentional, unexpected, unexpected, awake.

Note!

1) When forming a participle (verbal adjective) from a two-species verb, wound without a prefix and a dependent word, as a general rule, one letter n is written; in the presence of a prefix or dependent word - nn.

Wed: wounded soldier - a wounded soldier, a soldier wounded in the hand.

2) In compound words, where the second part is a verbal adjective, general rules apply. The presence of the first root does not matter: if there is no prefix before the second root, then one letter is written n, if there is a prefix before the second root, then it is written nn.

Wed: freeze - freshly frozen fish; freeze - freshly frozen fish.

3) The words forged and chewed obey the general spelling rules n and nn: without a prefix, a dependent word is written one n, with a prefix or dependent words - nn.

Wed: forged chest, shod horse, forged on all four legs horse.

4) Do not confuse the main participle (verbal adjective) word and the participle dependent (adjective) words! The main part for the participle (adjective) is the word from which the question is asked to this participle: horse[which?] forged; horse[which?] savvy. The presence or absence of the main word does not affect the spelling of n and nn! For a dependent word, the participle is already the main one, and it is from the participle that the question is asked: horse, shod[by whom?] a blacksmith. The presence or absence of a word dependent on the participle affects the spelling of n and nn!

5) One letter n is written in combinations planted father, named brother only if they are phraseological units. Outside of such combinations, participles with prefixes planted, named are written with two letters n.

Wed: It was planted by my father at my wedding. - The father, seated to the left of the groom, was gloomy; You will be called my brother. - Sergei, named after his grandfather, was proud of this.

6) Spelling n and nn in participles and verbal adjectives, unlike adjectives formed from nouns, does not depend on the vowel before n, compare:

adjectives formed from nouns: silver - solemn;

verbal adjectives and participles: written - written, wounded - wounded.

7) For memorization words in which one letter is written n, you can use the following sentence:

On a windy day at Shrovetide in a cozy living room, the planted father introduced the named brother to a smart girl, a hard worker, a hand-written beauty with a large dowry.

4. Spelling n and nn in short participles and adjectives:

a) in brief participles one letter n is always written;

Wed: tied knot - knot tied; styled hair - hair is styled.

b) in brief adjectives as many letters n are written as in full forms.

Wed: valuable thing - a valuable thing; green crops - crops are green.

Note!

In order to distinguish between a short participle and an adjective, the following must be considered:

1) If the short form is not formed from a verb, then it is certainly a short adjective (and it will be written as much as in the full form):

sultry - sultry; worthy - worthy; valuable is valuable.

2) The short verbal form can be either a short participle or a short adjective.

a) The short verb form will be communion(and one letter n will be written in it) if:

• this form carries the dependent word in the instrumental case:

  the house was built by workers; the tour is organized by a well-known company; the child is spoiled by the parents;

• this form has a dependent infinitive, a dependent circumstance (except for the circumstance of measure and degree):

  she intends to go to university; she was brought up[where?] in a monastery;

• a combination with a participle can be paraphrased using a verb.

  Wed: the child is frightened - the child was frightened; she was brought up in a monastery - she was brought up in a monastery;

b) short verbal form would be adjective(and it will contain as many letters n as in the full form), if it has a qualitative meaning, it gives a constant (qualitative) characteristic of a person or an inanimate object.

Wed: children are naughty and spoiled(this is their constant quality); the girl is modest and educated (this is her constant quality).

5. Spelling n and nn in nouns and adverbs in -o, formed from participles and verbal adjectives:

a) in nouns and adverbs in -o, formed from participles and verbal adjectives, as many letters are written n as they are written in full participles and verbal adjectives, cf .:

ONE letter H: confused th → confused ik, confused about; boiled y → boiled ik; smoked → smoked osti; ice-cold → ice-cold; martyr y → martyr ik; scientist y → student ik, student itza;

TWO letters H: given → given; dowry → dowryless; chosen → chosen one, chosen one; recessed → recessed ik; sacred → sacred ik; made → made;

b) should remember noun spelling: hard worker, dowry oe - dowryless, put ik.