An integral part of every scooter is starting enricher carburetor or, as it is also called - scooter carburetor solenoid valve.

What is a starter

Starting enricher (electrovalve)- this device is designed to supply an additional amount of air-fuel mixture to the combustion chamber during a cold start of the scooter engine. The fact is that when starting the scooter on a cold one, the engine needs an enriched mixture. Just the supply of such a mixture provides carburettor solenoid valve. With a good starting enricher and no breakdowns in other elements of the motor, the scooter engine starts easily even at temperatures around zero degrees.

Scooter starter device

There are two types of starting enrichers - manual and automatic.

Manual (mechanical) starting enricher requires adjustment - it must be opened at startup and closed after the engine has warmed up using a cable on the steering wheel. But manually opening and closing the additional mixture supply channel is inconvenient. Automatic starting enricher (thermoelectric valve) is installed on most modern 2t and 4t scooters. We will learn about the device of the automatic starting enricher further.

The scooter carburetor has a small additional fuel chamber 7, which is connected to the main float chamber 8 through the start jet 9. The tube from the chamber 7 leads to the mixing chamber into which air is supplied and from which the air-gasoline mixture enters the engine. In the mixing chamber, damper 6 can move, similar to carburetor throttle, only much smaller. Just like a throttle valve, there is a spring-loaded needle in the starting valve that closes the fuel channel when the valve is lowered. Valve body 1 is wrapped with thermal insulation (polyethylene foam) and closed with a rubber boot. Such concentrator design used on almost all modern scooters.

Older models may use design without electric heater, heat is transferred to the drive through a copper heat-conducting cylinder directly from the scooter engine cylinder, and instead of powder with a heating element, membrane. One cavity of the bulb, where it is located, is connected through a thermal valve to the intake manifold, which is fixed to the cylinder head.

Working principle of scooter carburetor solenoid valve

When engine cold damper with spool needle 6 is raised as high as possible (open). The needle opens the fuel supply channel, and the shutter opens the air supply hole. At the first engine speed, a vacuum is created in the emulsion channel and the gasoline in chamber 7 is sucked into the engine through channel A, causing a strong mixture enrichment and facilitating the first flashes in the engine. After the engine has started but not yet warmed up, it still needs rich mixture. The enricher works at the same time as a parallel carburetor - gasoline enters it through jet 9, mixes with air and enters the engine.

When the engine is running, alternating current from its generator is always supplied to the contacts of the ceramic heater 2 of the thermal electrovalve of the start-up system. Heater 2 warms up drive 3. As engine warm-up and drive, the stem gradually extends by 3 ... 4 mm and through the pusher 5 drives the damper. In this way, the engine warms up together with the thermoelectric valve, the spool with the needle lowers and blocks the air and fuel channels, and the mixture gradually becomes leaner. After 3 ... 5 minutes, the damper closes completely and the degree of enrichment of the mixture on a hot engine is regulated only carburetor idle system.

When the engine is stopped valve stops heating, the damper drive cools down (the powder is compressed) and under the action of the spring 10 the pusher 5, the stem 4 and the damper 6 return to their original position, opening the channels for subsequent start-up. Cooling and return to its original position also occurs within a few minutes.

The disadvantage of the enricher of this type is that it functions separately from the engine. For example, very often, especially in warm weather, while the engine is still hot and it still does not need to enrich the mixture, the thermocouple is already cooling down. We start the engine and it gets a rich mixture.

The principle of operation of the start-up enricher of the second type (with a membrane)

Cold valve open. After starting the engine, a vacuum occurs in the collector and through thermal valve supplied to the membrane. As a result of low pressure, the membrane rises and opens the channel for additional air supply. As the cylinder head warms up, the valve closes and the damper with the needle lowers under the action of the spring, blocking the additional fuel supply.

With this design principle, the connection with the actual temperature of the engine is maintained, and fuel dosage performed more correctly.

It is time to deal with such a device as an electrovalve. Such devices are probably available in almost every apartment - in washing machines. But besides washers, valves can and are used in water supply systems, for example, for emergency shutdown of water, or in automation systems for water management. So How Is the electrovalve arranged and working?

Of course, the designs are different, but let's consider this one:

I bought it on eBay, but I've seen it in our stores too. This is a normally closed solenoid valve with a 220V coil, i.e. now he does not pass water. If you apply voltage to the coil, then the water will be able to pass. To begin with, we will analyze the valve, and then I will explain how this miracle technique works.

Under the cap is an electromagnet

We see in understandable Chinese that the coil is 220V AC. On the other side there is an arrow - the direction of fluid movement - and an inlet filter plug:

Let's start by unscrewing the underwater pipe with the inlet filter:

The filter is a plastic insert with small holes, although such a “mesh” will be a great resistance to liquid, so this is a minus of the design.

At the outlet there is a check valve that prevents the reverse movement of the liquid.

Now unscrew the electromagnet. We will see the following:

The insert into the coil is pulled out and there is an anchor with an elastic band at the end.

The case is equipped with a rubber membrane and special inserts and holes. The hole is where the spring is and in the center.

Only the body remained, there is nothing more to disassemble. Here is what the body itself is like:

We have on the table :)

Now we know what's inside. You just need to figure out how it works. To explain the principle of action, I drew the following diagram:

Designations: 1 – fluid inlet channel; 2 - membrane; 3 - a hole in the membrane (where the spring is); 4 - camera on the reverse side; 5 - anchor; 6 - anchor spring; 7 - elastic band at anchor; 8 - central hole in the membrane; 9 - outlet channel for liquid.

In the normal state, when the electromagnet is turned off, the armature 5 is accustomed by the spring 6 to the membrane, and the rubber tip 7 covers the central hole 8. The liquid is supplied to the inlet channel 1 under pressure p1, and through the hole 3 enters the chamber 4. The same is created in the chamber pressure, i.e. p1. Therefore, the liquid acts on the membrane from above and below with the same pressure, but the area of ​​action of the force on the membrane 3 is different - it is larger from above, and, therefore, the force is greater. The membrane is pressed against the fluid pressure. I want to note right away that the valve will only work when the pressure at the outlet is less than at the inlet, which is why there is a check valve.

What happens when voltage is applied to an electromagnet? The anchor 5 retracts and the central hole 8 opens, the liquid flows into the channel 9, the pressure is equalized from above and below the membrane and under the action of the flow it goes up, thereby allowing the liquid to flow directly from the channel 1 to the channel 9, i.e. to the exit.

When the electromagnet is turned off, under the action of the spring, the armature is pressed against the membrane and blocks the central hole. The pressure in channel 9 drops and the membrane is pressed down, blocking the fluid flow.

To control the fuel supply, in the system gas equipment on the car, a HBO solenoid valve is provided. Its main function is to open and close the flow of gas from the cylinder to.

In this article, we will consider the types, device, installation options, main malfunctions and methods for repairing an electrovalve of a gas-cylinder installation.

The 2nd generation HBO device, on a carburetor engine, provides for the presence of two solenoid valves:

1. gasoline (for supplying / shutting off regular fuel);
2. gas valve (EGK).

The scheme of the gas system for injection engines (HBO of 2-4 generations), where gasoline is supplied to the cylinders using injectors, assumes the presence of only a gas valve.

Gas and petrol valves

Device and principle of operation

The design of all EGCs is identical:

• Electromagnetic coil (solenoid).
• Sleeve (core tube).
• Spring.
• Core (anchor).
• Rubber cuff.
• Sealing rings.
• Valve body with seat.
• Inlet and outlet.
• Coarse fuel filter.

HBO gas valve device

The principle of operation of all devices is also the same. The only difference is that the solenoid valve is controlled by the gas system ECU (electronic control unit). In the second generation, the signals to the EGC come from the equipment power button.

In the absence of power at the coil contacts, the core, under the influence of a spring, presses the cuff to the seat, so the valve is in the closed state. As soon as voltage (12 V) appears at the solenoid terminals, under the influence magnetic field the armature moves along the sleeve, thereby unlocking the valve.

Installation and connection

According to the type of location, gas valves are:

1. Remote;
2. built-in.

The HBO remote solenoid valve, as a rule, is mounted in the engine compartment of the car, or placed directly on the gas reducer through an adapter. Built-in, located in the evaporator housing.

Built-in and remote solenoid valves

Sometimes, for greater safety, two valves are installed at once, after the multivalve (in the flow line to the evaporator) and on the gearbox.

The connection is made using the wiring of gas equipment, according to the diagram, which is attached to the LPG kit. When the harness is laid from the control button to the solenoid. In the course, the cable goes from the HBO control unit to the valve. There is no difference where to connect the terminals on the coil.

Possible malfunctions

Often, due to breakdowns of the gas electrovalve, failures occur in the operation of gas equipment. Such as the:

• unstable idling of the engine;
• failure of the gas system due to lack of pressure.

Causes of malfunctions due to which the unit does not hold and passes gas:

1. clogged ;
2. jamming / sticking of the core;
3. wear (loss of properties, weakening) of the return spring;
4. failure of the rubber seal or valve seat;
5. coil failure.

In the carburetor scheme, where there is gasoline el. valve, to everything else, an overestimated consumption / leakage of gasoline or failure of the engine to operate on standard fuel may be added.
You can detect a leak by removing the gas hose from the carburetor with the car running or by blowing the valve (in the closed state) with a pump / compressor.

Do-it-yourself HBO solenoid valve repair

To repair the solenoid valve, you must first stock up on a repair kit and a set of tools.

However, in some cases, the usual cleaning / flushing of the solenoid armature helps.

So, in order to repair the gas valve, the first step is to tighten the valve to shut off the fuel supply from the cylinder. Then drain the remaining gas from the flow line, remove the assembly.

• filter element cover and remove the element itself;
• coil;
• core solenoid sleeve.

After cleaning all the parts, you need to troubleshoot them and, if necessary, replace them.
It is important if copper lines are used in the system, oxide particles of such tubes are most often the cause of sticking of the solenoid armature.

Also, do not forget about the frequency of replacing the filter element. It is recommended to change the filter once every 7-10 thousand km. run.

It is advisable to check the resistance of the coil with a multimeter and compare the parameters with those indicated on its body (the norm is about 9-13 ohms). In addition, rubber seals and the valve seat have their own resource.

Your carburetor may be equipped with a solenoid valve that prevents the engine from idling when the ignition is off, the solenoid valve is usually located on the outside of the carburetor. If your car won't start at all or starts with great difficulty, then the problem is probably the carburetor solenoid valve that needs to be adjusted.

Tools and materials:

• carburettor solenoid valve
• tachometer
• screwdrivers

Process:

1. Install a tachometer.
2. Start your car's engine and let it warm up.
3. Using the nut located on the end of the carburetor solenoid valve, you need to set a certain number of idle speeds (about 700 per minute).
4. Next, you must disconnect the wiring that comes from the carburetor solenoid valve, after which the speed will decrease.
5. Adjust the position of the thrust screw of the throttle actuator by turning the screw with a screwdriver (clockwise - increase the speed, counterclockwise - decrease) until the tachometer needle stops at the desired value (see your car's operating instructions).
6. If a lean air mixture screw is installed (instead of a throttle actuator thrust screw), then the idle speed is adjusted as follows: turning the air mixture lean screw clockwise reduces the speed, and counterclockwise increases it.
7. Finally, connect the wiring that comes from the carburetor solenoid valve.

Sit back, we will talk about one of the most mysterious parts of the scooter - the starting enricher. This detail is small, but very important. It is she who helps to start a cold scooter engine without hemorrhoids in any weather. Only thanks to her, the scooter starts easily with a half-kick, and for those who don’t, it means that their hands grow crookedly. Thanks to her, dear, the scooter does not shoot at the muffler like domestic motorcycles, but runs quietly and smoothly at idle. Praise the Japanese for inventing this thing! - I say in all seriousness.

So, what does it mean - launcher concentrator? This is essentially an additional small carburetor, standing parallel to the main one. It is connected to the main carburetor by three channels - air, emulsion and fuel, drilled in its body. Air is taken in before the throttle valve, the emulsion (mixture) is supplied after it, directly into the carburetor outlet pipe. Gasoline is taken from a common float chamber. Thus, with some stretch, the enricher can be considered an independent device. With a stretch, because, nevertheless, it is structurally inseparable from the carburetor.

Now let's look at the drawing.

The carburetor has a small additional fuel chamber 7, which is connected to the main float chamber 8 through the start jet 9. The tube from the chamber 7 leads to the mixing chamber into which air is supplied and from which the air-gasoline mixture enters the engine. In the mixing chamber, damper 6 can move, similar to the throttle valve of a carburetor, only much smaller. Just like in the throttle, in launcher The damper contains a spring-loaded needle that closes the fuel channel when the damper is lowered. When starting a cold engine, the damper is raised (open). At the first engine speed, a vacuum is created in the emulsion channel and the gasoline in chamber 7 is sucked into the engine, causing a strong enrichment of the mixture and facilitating the first flashes in the engine.

After the engine has started, but has not yet warmed up, it needs an enriched mixture. The enricher works in this case as a parallel carburetor, gasoline enters it through jet 9, mixes with air and enters the engine. When the engine is running, alternating current from its generator is always supplied to the contacts of the ceramic heater 2 of the thermal electrovalve of the start-up system. The heater warms up the drive 3. Obviously, inside it there is a gas or liquid boiling at a low temperature and a piston connected to the rod 4. When the drive is heated, the rod gradually extends by 3-4 mm and drives the damper through the pusher 5. Valve body 1 is wrapped with thermal insulation (polyethylene foam) and closed with a rubber boot.

Thus, the engine warms up together with the thermal electrovalve and the mixture gradually becomes leaner. After 3-5 minutes, the damper closes completely and the degree of enrichment of the mixture on a hot engine is set only by the carburetor idle system. When the engine stops heating the valve, the damper drive cools down and under the action of spring 10 the pusher 5, rod 4 and damper 6 return to their original position, opening the channels for subsequent start-up. Cooling and return to its original position also occurs within a few minutes.

This design of the enricher is used on almost all modern scooters. Older models may use a non-electric heater design, heat is transferred to the actuator through a copper heat-conducting cylinder directly from the engine cylinder. Sometimes, also, there is a manual damper drive through a cable from the handle on the steering wheel (“Choke”).

Now the "diseases" of the system

1. The air passage may be clogged with dirt. At the same time, the mixture is greatly enriched, even after the engine warms up.

2. The jet may be clogged with dirt. He is very thin, and this often happens. Wherein concentrator it works the other way around - it leans the mixture, making it difficult to start.

3. The contact with the "tablet" of the heater is broken. The valve does not heat up and does not close. Engine works all the time on a re-enriched mixture and does not develop the required power. The resistance across the valve contacts is easy to measure and should be in the region of a few ohms.

4. Mustaches broken off