In this review, we will highlight the possibility of a short tour of the most interesting area of the capital. It is known as China Town. There are many sights in Moscow, and a day will obviously not be enough to get acquainted with them all, but if you do not have time, visit at least the most significant ones.
A one-day tour of the center of Belokamennaya usually starts from Red Square. The Kremlin adjoins it and the purpose of our trip is Kitay-Gorod. In the article, we will briefly dedicate you to the history of the area, tell you about the origin of the name and introduce you to its main attractions.
The exact location of the historic district
Chinatown is located in Moscow, right next to Red Square itself. It adjoins it from the western side. In the north, the Kitai-Gorod district is bounded by Okhotny Ryad, Theater Square and the Theater Train. The southern part reaches the Moskva River. Lubyanskaya and Staraya squares are the eastern border of the district. The area of Kitai-Gorod is 70 hectares, and the length of the Kitai-Gorod wall as a whole was about two and a half kilometers. At present, only separate fragments with several gates and towers have been preserved.
The tour starts from the metro station
The easiest way to get to Kitay-gorod is by subway. You need to take an electric train moving along the Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya or Kaluga-Rizhskaya line. Exit - metro station "Kitay-gorod". But do not rush to leave this place. This is where our tour begins. At the metro station "Kitay-gorod" there is a well-preserved section of a stone wall with steps - a fragment of the foundation of the Varvarskaya tower. A lot is connected with St. Barbara in this area. We will talk about this in more detail below.
To see the district of the capital that interests us, it is not necessary to go to the Kitai-Gorod metro station. You can take an electric train running along the Sokolnicheskaya, Zamoskvoretskaya or Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya lines and get off at Okhotny Ryad, Lubyanka, Teatralnaya or Ploshchad Revolyutsii stations.
origin of name
The origin of the topographic name, which seems so atypical for the Russian tradition, has deep Slavic, and according to some sources, Latin roots. Our domestic Kitay-gorod (in Moscow) has nothing to do with the Celestial Empire, that is, with China.
The version closest to the truth claims that the word "kita" means a fence made of wooden sticks fastened together, dug into a deep ditch and lined with stones. The mother of Ivan the Terrible, Elena Glinskaya, ordered in this way to enclose Moscow and protect it from the predatory raids of the barbarians. In her homeland, in Podolia, the settlements were defended in this way. In the future, the Kitai-Gorod wall underwent many changes. It was strengthened, rebuilt, passages were broken through and gates were installed. Now it is a precious monument of ancient Russian architecture. 
In memory of the Holy Great Martyr Barbara
Explore Kitai-gorod on a map of Moscow - it includes several lanes and three streets - Nikolskaya, Ilyinka and Varvarka.
On Varvarka there is a church in honor of the Holy Great Martyr Barbara. It was built in 1514 under Prince Vasily Ivanovich III. The architect is the Italian Aleviz Fryazin.
For a long time, particles of the relics of St. Barbara were kept in the church. Already in 1555, through prayer in front of the shrine, miraculous healings from diseases began to occur. Miraculous power is still present in this holy place, although the temple has undergone great changes in five hundred years. It was rebuilt several times, as the Moscow fires did not spare him either.
At the time of the founding of the church, the area near it, the crossroads, was called the sacrum. On special days, royal decrees were read here, and the rest of the time, traditional healers sold medicinal herbs, spoke teeth and helped in other bodily ailments. Orphans were also brought here, whom compassionate Muscovites took to their families. This rather small church is still very much loved by many Orthodox today. 
Znamensky Monastery
Approximately in the middle of Varvarka Street there is a monastery of the Icon of the Mother of God "The Sign". It was founded in 1631 in memory of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich's mother, nun Martha.
In 1668 the monastery was badly damaged by a great fire that destroyed many of the city's wooden buildings. In the 80s of the seventeenth century, the complex was rebuilt, and a five-domed temple, made in two tiers, was erected on the territory of the monastery. The upper one was consecrated in honor of the Znamenskaya Icon of the Mother of God.
The eighteenth century was a period of decline in the economy of the monastery. Only in recent decades, restoration work has been carried out in it - they re-painted it, decorated it with stucco molding and built a bell tower.
In 1812, the monastery was sacked by French troops, but the buildings themselves remained unscathed. The main damage was soon eliminated.
Alexander II, who visited the monastery in 1856, drew attention to the unsightly condition of the chambers that once belonged to the Romanov family boyars, and ordered to be restored, turning them into a museum - the House of the Romanov boyars.
In the 20s of the last century the monastery was closed, and in the 80s an extensive restoration was carried out. Currently, this is one of the most beautiful functioning temples that can be seen by visiting Kitay-Gorod in Moscow. 
St. Basil's Cathedral
Once in the center of the capital, it is impossible to just pass by a very beautiful cathedral located in the very center of Moscow. This is one of the symbols of Russia - St. Basil's Cathedral. The metro station "Kitay-Gorod" is quite close to the temple. If you go to Varvarsky Gate Square, then along Varvarka Street it is easy to walk to the cathedral itself.
Tsar Ivan the Terrible built it in honor of the victory over the Khazar kingdom and the conquest of Kazan. The decisive battle took place on the day of the celebration of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos, so the temple has another name - Intercession Cathedral.
Construction began in 1555 and finished in 1561.
The height of the tallest spire is 65 meters. The cathedral is crowned with nine domes - according to the number of thrones dedicated to church holidays, in which the main battles with the Mongol-Tatars took place.
From the year of its foundation, the Pokrovsky Cathedral was carefully guarded and regularly restored by all the rulers of Russia. After all, according to legend, it symbolizes the Heavenly Jerusalem and is the divine amulet of Russia.
Monument to the heroes of Plevna
The station "Kitay-gorod" has an exit to the Ilyinskiye Vorota square. Here, on the Lubyanka Square, there is a monument-chapel erected in honor of the Russian grenadiers who died in the battle near the city of Plevna during the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878. The creators of the monument are architect and sculptor V. I. Sherwood and engineer-colonel A. I. Lyashkin.
The monumental cast iron structure was cast and assembled in the shape of a tent in 1888. Four sides are decorated with high reliefs with touching and heroic scenes. Inside the chapel are images of saints - Alexander Nevsky, John the Warrior, Nicholas the Wonderworker, Cyril and Methodius, as well as plates with the names of officers and soldiers who died liberating Bulgaria from the Turkish Janissaries.
Resurrection Gate
Another attraction of Kitay-Gorod is the Resurrection Gate. The building has two arches, looks monumental and very elegant. The gates are part of the Kitai-Gorod wall and are located between the buildings of the City Duma and the Historical Museum. Everyone who has been on excursions around Kitai-Gorod notes that these gates are the most decorative of all. The thickness of the pylons of 12.5x5 m made it possible in 1680 to build on the gate and equip the Mint and the Main Pharmacy in the resulting chambers. In 1731, these enterprises were moved to another place, and the vacated space was given to the university printing house.
The name of the gate has changed several times. Each time the renaming was timed to coincide with some everyday or historical event. The following names have been preserved in the chronicles: Iversky, Trinity, Triumphal, Neglimensky, Bogoyavlensky, Kuretnye and Lionsky. Lions, for example, they were named from the moat located between the Nikolskaya and Sobakina towers. It contained lions presented to Ivan the Terrible by the English queen.
Kitai-gorod is a large settlement that surrounded the Kremlin from the east. It starts from Red Square (formerly considered part of it), borders Okhotny Ryad, Theater Square and Theater Passage in the north, Lubyanskaya and Staraya Squares in the east, and Moskva River in the south. Scientists have been arguing for many years and interpreting the name Kitay-gorod in different ways. Most importantly, it clearly has nothing to do with China, and it is wrong to translate it into English as “Chinatown”. Many are inclined to believe that this is an “average” city or a “fortress”-city like the Pechenegs and Polovtsians. In Podolia, where Elena Glinskaya (mother of Ivan the Terrible) comes from, the word “china” or “kytai” means a fortress. Moreover, in 1538, by her decree, to protect against the invasion of the Tatars and Lithuanians, a large wall was erected around the entire Posad, which, in addition to the houses of many noble citizens, included all merchants' shops, auctions, or markets, holy temples and Red Square. The wall was built in three years, had a length of about 2.5 km, a wall thickness of up to 6 m, a height of about 6.5 m. The wall had 14 towers, the most famous of which are Neglinnaya or Iverskaya (named after the later built chapel), Troitskaya, Vladimirskaya, Ilyinskaya, Varvarskaya and Moskvoretskaya. The wall stood for almost 400 years and was dismantled in 1932-1935. Two pieces of the wall remained - from Revolution Square behind the Metropol Hotel and from Varvarskaya Square to the embankment. We will start our walk around Kitai-Gorod from the Kazan Cathedral, which opens Nikolskaya Street.
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Trade on Ilyinka has been going on since ancient times. Ivan the Terrible moved all the merchants to Kitay-Gorod, where he ordered to build a Gostiny Dvor for them with wooden benches. On the site of this courtyard, or rather the stone Gostiny Dvor, which appeared instead of the wooden one, architects S.A. Karin and I.A. Selekhov to build a new Gostiny Dvor. The project by Giacomo Quarenghi was sent from St. Petersburg. Elegant in the classical style, Gostiny Dvor occupied the entire space between Ilyinka and Varvarka, including the old shopping malls and the former courtyard building. It became a model for the Gostiny Dvor in all the trading cities of Russia. A gigantic quadrangle, surrounded by an arcade, towered over the low buildings of Kitay-gorod. Separate shops were collected together, but isolated inside with thick walls. Large warehouses, comfortable shops met all the requirements of the Moscow merchants. Only wholesale trade was carried out here.
We approach the house 8 on Ilyinka
"Ambassador's Compound"
Behind the Stock Exchange building, which we have already talked about, is the building of the Volga-Kama Bank, built by the architect Freidenberg, in a very magnificent style of beautiful eclecticism. In the 17th century on Ilyinka, on the site between the Church of Dmitry Solunsky in Rybny Lane and Nikolsky Lane, was built The Embassy Court is a huge building intended for foreign ambassadors and their retinues. The name "Ambassador's Yard" remained behind this site until the revolution of 1917. The Yard stood here for more than a hundred years and is described in detail in the memoirs of foreigners who visited Moscow during this period. At the end of the XVIII century. the property was owned by the merchants A. Pavlov and N. Kalinin. The merchants decide to build a large tenement house. The project of the building is being developed by the architect M.F. Kazakov. On the site of the old Embassy Court, a spacious commercial and residential building appeared, built in the classical style - with a portico, Corinthian columns, reminiscent of the Embassy Court with arched vaults of the first floor windows. The building belonged to two owners and therefore was divided by a main wall into two unequal parts. In this form, the building stood until 1888, when the Moscow Merchant Society acquired a site for the construction of two buildings that could be leased to various commercial enterprises. The restructuring project was entrusted to the architect B.V. Freidenberg. The building was rented by the Volga-Kama commercial bank, which existed here until 1917.
We look opposite, at the GUM building
Let's go to Vetoshny Lane, to house 7
On the alley we will reach the house 11
Back to Nikolskaya street
Let's go to the neighboring monastery
We will turn into Bogoyavlensky Lane to look at the beautiful cathedral of the oldest Epiphany Monastery
Let's go back to Nikolskaya street
We look at the most interesting building opposite
The building is bordered by the famous hotel "Slavianski Bazaar"
Let's turn to the building opposite
Undoubtedly, attention is attracted by the Tretyakovskiy passage, which is also closely connected with trade.
We look at the building with columns next to the passage
The last house on Nikolskaya has a very sad story
From it we turn with you into Bolshoi Cherkassky Lane, so named after the possessions of the princes Cherkassky
Opposite the farmstead is a beautiful house, now occupied by the Central Election Commission
We pass to the next house in the alley
Immediately behind this building is the courtyard of the merchants Koznov-Baskakov
Check out the corner building
We approach house 5 in Staropansky Lane
Opposite it is the oldest church of Cosmas and Damian.
We pass along the lane to Birzhevaya Square
Look at the building on the left
We approach the Exchange building on the other side of the square
We go to Ilyinka - the main banking street of Kitay-gorod
A little ahead and to the right we have the Old Gostiny Dvor
This cache as well as “Walk around the Island”, “Walk along the Moscow lanes”, “Walk along Shviva Gorka”, “Walk along Ivanovskaya Gorka”, “Walk in the footsteps of the steam tram” is an independent tour of Moscow. If you don't want to look for the cache, don't. Just make a printout and walk around Moscow with it like a guide. Just want to warn you, this description does not claim to be objective. On the contrary, it is extremely subjective. Here I pass over in silence many of the famous sights that you will pass by, but I draw your attention to many things that will seem completely insignificant to someone. Well then. You can see the famous monuments yourself. I'm trying to take you to places where tourists are much less common.
China town. One of the most interesting places in Moscow. Let's go back in time. Ancient Moscow. The borders of the city then passed along the line of the Kremlin walls. And Red Square was already near Moscow. But during the reign of Ivan III, a large stone construction was unfolding in the Kremlin and the Grand Duke, equipping the grand ducal residence there, began to evict the nearest boyars from the Kremlin. Ordinary people were evicted from there a long time ago. Naturally, everyone settled right there, nearby, in the suburb, to the east of the Kremlin walls. Well, where else could they live? On the one hand, the Moscow River, on the other, the Neglinka. The settlement grew. During numerous raids of enemies, the population of the settlement took refuge in a powerful fortress, and after the departure of the enemy, they returned to their burnt houses. While ordinary people lived in the settlement, everything happened like that. But now the settlement began to be populated by noble boyars and rich merchants (the common people began to be forced out even further). Rich and noble people did not like that their rich towers remained unprotected. Pressure was put on the Grand Duke in order to build fortifications around the settlement. And during the reign of Elena Glinskaya, the settlement was surrounded by the first “wooden” wall. The structure of the wall was as follows. At a distance of several meters from each other, two high wooden wattle fences were arranged. The space between them was covered with earth. It turned out "tree-earthen fortification." A palisade and cannons were placed at the top. A ditch was dug in front. This type of fortification was called "Kita". Hence the name "China Town". So the Chinese have nothing to do with it. But, apparently, looking at the creation of their own hands, they realized that living under the cover of such fortifications is not very calm. And therefore, a year after the end of construction, powerful stone walls began to be built. The construction was entrusted to Italian masters, the best fortifiers in all of Europe. And in just 3-4 years the fortress was built. Compared to the Kremlin, it was a new generation fortress, designed to use powerful artillery fire. Therefore, its walls were not high, about 6-8 meters (in the Kremlin 10-19), but the thickness was about 6.5 meters. On the top there was a wide gallery, about 4 meters, for the installation of powerful guns. Unfortunately, during the Soviet era, the walls were almost completely destroyed. But some fragments are still preserved. This is how a fragment of the wall behind the Metropol Hotel was preserved. A piece of the wall is nearby (where the Boris Godunov restaurant is a modern remake). A piece of the wall along Kitaygorodsky proezd has been preserved. But there, in addition to the original wall, there are also sections of a remake, both modern and 60-70s of the 20th century. However, one should not confuse a “stupid” remake and scientific restoration. We can see part of the wall and the Resurrection Gate thanks to the work of the restorers. But first things first.
So on the road:
1 step. We will leave the Okhotny Ryad metro station towards Red Square. Let's stop in front of the Resurrection Gate. The first gates were built here as early as 1534 in the first "wood-and-earth" wall. And already in 1535-1538 they were rebuilt in stone. From the gate across the Neglinnaya River, first a wooden bridge was thrown, and from 1601-1603 a stone Voskresensky bridge (see the hiding place “Source of roads” from “kam”). The gates were protected by cannons mounted on top. There was a drawbridge near the gate. There were portcullises at the gates. In the 30s of the 17th century, premises were built and hipped towers were made, such as we see now. During the reign of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich (this is Pope Peter I), a list was ordered from the miraculous icon of the Mother of God of Iveron on Mount Athos in the Iveron Monastery. The list was transferred to Moscow and placed in a chapel specially built for it at the Resurrection Gate. It was the Resurrection Gates that were the main, front entrance to Moscow. Everyone who entered here, ordinary peasants or emperors, who later came from the new capital of St. Petersburg for the coronation in Moscow, all went into the chapel and venerated the miraculous icon. But new times have come. In the 30s of the previous century, during the construction of the “bright future”, the chapel and the gates began to interfere with the organization of military parades. The gate and the chapel were demolished. But at the end of the 20th century, times changed again. In the early 1990s, the Moscow government decided to restore the gate and the chapel. The work was entrusted to the famous architect Oleg Zhurin, a student of Baranovsky. He did not restore the gate in the form in which they were demolished. For by that time they had already significantly lost their original image. Zhurin built the 17th century. And he succeeded. Now the gate both outside and inside exactly correspond to the 17th century. And a few words about the Iberian icon. The “same” icon, brought from Athos under Alexei Mikhailovich, to which all Russian tsars and, in general, all Russian people who came to Moscow kissed, has been preserved. During the Soviet era, it was kept in the Church of the Resurrection of Christ in Sokolniki. After the revival of the chapel, it was decided not to take the icon from there, but to order a new list on Athos, which was completed and brought to Moscow in 1996. And the “same” icon is still in Sokolniki in the Resurrection Church. But even the new list has managed to become miraculous. People are constantly coming to him. Let us, according to the established age-old tradition, before entering “old Moscow” through the front gate, ask for help from the Iberian Icon and patronage in our today's walk.
2 step. So, we entered the Resurrection Gate and ended up on Red Square. I won't tell you what's here. Red Square, of course, is located on the territory of Kitay-gorod, but it is not at all the goal of our today's walk. Our task is to walk along the quiet (and not quite) and narrow streets and alleys of Kitay-gorod. Red Square is full of tourists even without us. Yes, and the sights located there are already well-known to everyone. We will wander through the streets and try to see what ordinary tourists rarely notice. So, going to Red Square, we pass along the Kazan Cathedral and in front of the GUM building we turn left onto Nikolskaya Street, named after the Nikolsky Greek Monastery that was once located here. We go to the gateway in the house number 7-9. There are iron gates at the entrance. We have come to the Zaikonospassky Monastery. First, a few words about the name. Once the monastery was called Spassky, and in the houses that separate it from Nikolskaya Street they traded icons. The monastery was called that: “The Spassky Monastery behind the Icon Rows”. Then they apparently decided that it was too long, and simplified it. So the monastery became Zaikonospassky. And the monastery was founded in 1600 by Tsar Boris Godunov. In the 17th century, our rulers realized that a good education was needed to govern the state. And in 1665, a school was set up in the monastery to train officials for government agencies. It was headed by one of the most educated people of that time, Simeon Polotsky. However, it became clear that the needs of modern life require that education become the property of not only government officials. Educated people were needed in all sectors of the national economy. And then in 1686 the first higher educational institution in Russia was organized here - the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy. Yes, higher education was born in Russia here, and not at Moscow State University. It was at this academy that Mikhailo Lomonosov studied and graduated brilliantly. Greek, Latin and Old Slavonic languages, grammar, philosophy, theology, arithmetic, geometry, dialectics, medicine, physics and much more were taught here. In 1914, the Academy was transferred to the Holy Trinity-Sergius Lavra. It exists there to this day. Its current name is the Moscow Theological Academy. Unlike the neighboring Nikolsky Monastery, this monastery was more fortunate. The temple was not destroyed. It was built at the end of the 17th century in the then fashionable “Moscow” (or, as they say, “Naryshkino”) baroque style. At the beginning of the 18th century, the cathedral was somewhat rebuilt. After a strong fire, it was rebuilt in 1742. Since then, he hasn't really changed. The temple is active. Services are regularly held there. There are actually two temples: upper and lower. In connection with constant repairs, they open and close in turn. But one temple is almost always open, unless of course you come in the middle of the night. I draw special attention to the fact that in the courtyard opposite the entrance to the temple there is a stall where you can buy bread and pies of local monastery pastries. Recommend. Very tasty.
3 step. And we will return to Nikolskaya Street and go a little to the next gate in house number 11 and go into the courtyard. The yard is passable, but we do not pass through it, but we will stop inside. In the courtyard on the right side we see a wasteland. All come. A Greek monastery existed in Kitai-Gorod as early as the 14th century. But he was then on the other side of Nikolskaya Street. By order of Ivan the Terrible in 1556, the monastery was transferred to this place (where we are standing). Tsar Ivan the Terrible allowed Athos monks to conduct services here in Greek. The main stone construction was carried out in the monastery in the 17th-19th centuries. In the place where now the wasteland stood the grandiose Nikolsky Cathedral. Unfortunately, it was destroyed by the Bolsheviks in 1935. It would be nice if they were going to build something here. But no, this place is still a wasteland. But maybe it's for the best. There is a chance that the cathedral will be restored. But one of the monastery buildings has been preserved, between the wasteland and Nikolskaya Street. Here the Bolsheviks demolished only the bell tower. As you can see, she is now recovering.
4 step. And we will return to Nikolskaya Street and go to Bogoyavlensky Lane. We turn into it and walk about 200 meters. Before us is another temple in the style of "Moscow" (or "Naryshkin" baroque). We are on the site of another ancient monastery - Epiphany. This is the second oldest monastery in Moscow. It was founded by the Grand Duke Daniil of Moscow already in 1296. The first temple of the Epiphany Monastery was built of wood and, of course, has not survived to this day. However, the stone temple built in its place under Ivan Kalita also did not reach us. And now let's try to enable the time machine function in your navigators or mobile phones. If your device does not support such a function, then I advise you to throw it out as obsolete. So what do we see? The city of Moscow is limited by the Kremlin wall. In the place where we are standing, there is, as they would say now, “the distant zamkadishche”. Directly from the monastery begins the descent to the Neglinnaya River. The Neglinnaya River was a very serious river in those days, its width was about 30 meters. Look along Bogoyavlensky Lane towards Nikolskaya Street. Do you see trees behind the houses? This is where the Neglinka flowed. Very near. This monastery is associated with the names of many great people. The first rector of this monastery was Saint Stefan, the brother (senior) of the well-known Sergius of Radonezh to all of us. It was here that St. Stephen, as rector of the monastery, took monastic vows of a young monk, who later became the head of the Russian Orthodox Church and one of the greatest Russian saints - St. Alexis, Metropolitan of Moscow. They remember the walls of the monastery and St. Philip. After he was taken into custody by Tsar Ivan the Terrible, he was imprisoned in this monastery for some time, and then was sent into exile in Tver to the Otroch Monastery. Now a magnificent temple of the late 17th century has been preserved from the monastery, and a couple of buildings behind the temple were heavily rebuilt beyond recognition during the years of Soviet power. The temple is active. Services are held regularly.
5 step. We again exit to Nikolskaya Street and continue moving towards Lubyanskaya Square. We reach house number 15 on the left side of the street. Now there is the Historical and Archival Institute. And once there was a Synodal printing house. Actually, the institute is now located in its building. But the synodal printing house was founded here for a reason. The fact is that it was at this place that a small building stood, where the first printer Ivan Fedorov printed the first book in Russia - “The Apostle”. So this is not just a synodal printing house, but the very first printing house in Russia. Already in Soviet times, it was decided to erect a monument to Ivan Fedorov. But there is simply no place for a monument here. Put it in the yards - no one will see. And to put in front of the facade - to block the already narrow street. And therefore, they erected a monument to Ivan Fedorov not at the place of his labors, but a little further away. That's where we'll go now.
6 step. And we continue our way along Nikolskaya street to Tretyakovsky passage (it will be on the left) where we turn off. Having passed the entire Tretyakovsky passage, we go through the preserved tower of Kitay-gorod to Teatralny passage and turn right. Soon we will see a ladder to the right up to the monument. Us there. Climbing the stairs, we cross the border of Kitay-gorod and again find ourselves inside it. In front of us is a monument to the pioneer printer Ivan Fedorov. Why he is standing here we have already said. But we didn't come here for him. Next to the monument you will see the preserved foundation of the temple. This is the Trinity Church in Old Fields. The very name of the temple speaks of its deep antiquity, of those times when all of Moscow lay inside the Kremlin walls, and here was the distant suburbs. It is known that the Church of the Holy Trinity was here in the 14th century. But the first mention in the documents refers to 1493. The construction of a stone church here dates back to the 15th-16th centuries. In the 17th century, several limits were added to it, and in the 19th century it was rebuilt again. In 1934, the church was demolished along with the Kitaigorod wall.
And before you leave here, look at the house covered with construction mesh. Its rear facade faces this church. And the main facade on Nikolskaya street. In this building in the 30s and 40s was the "Military Collegium of the Supreme Court". During the times of repressions, the death sentences of the Soviet "elite" were pronounced in this building. It was here that Marshals Tukhachevsky and Yegorov, members of the Politburo Bukharin, Kamenev, Zinoviev, Rykov were sentenced to death. In total, according to the surviving documents, 31,456 death sentences were passed in this building. They were usually taken to execution places specially designed for this purpose. But they often shot right here in the basement.
7 step. And we move on. Look ahead. There is a narrow passage between the houses. Us there. A minute later we again find ourselves at the crossroads of Nikolskaya Street and Bolshoi Cherkassky Lane. Let's stop here for a while. In front of you is a modern building of the Nautilus shopping center. However, many remember that until recently there was a large wasteland in this place. It wasn't just a wasteland. Look at old photographs of Moscow (see photo on the right). You see a huge temple here. And it's actually not even a temple. Formally, it was a chapel. Chapel of the Great Martyr and Healer Panteleimon. This place once again reminds us of the Holy Mount Athos. Here, in 1873, the monks of the Russian Panteleimon Monastery on Athos, which, by the way, still operates there today, built a chapel in Moscow. Initially, it was located near the Epiphany Monastery, where we had already been. But in the 80s of the 19th century, the monks received as a gift a large plot of land near the Nikolsky Gates of Kitai-Gorod. And they built a huge temple here, which formally remained a chapel. This once again reminds us of the love and veneration of Panteleimon among the Russian people. The chapel was demolished in 1934. While there was a wasteland, until 1997, there was hope that someday this magnificent historical monument would be restored. But, alas, now here is a shopping center.
8 step. And we turn into Bolshoy Cherkassky Lane and move towards Ilyinskaya Street. Exit to Ilinskaya Street and turn right. The street is also very interesting. And if we talk about each interesting building, then our walk will drag on for a couple of months. And therefore, as it is not sad, but most of the sights we again pass by. And I, using my copyright, will mention here only what seemed most interesting to me personally. Having passed Ilyinskaya Street about half way, we get to Birzhevaya Ploshchad. Look to the left, at house number 6. In front of you is the building of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry. The building was built in 1836-39 by the architect Bykovsky in the style of late classicism. Here was the merchant's exchange. As you can see, continuity has been preserved. However, soon after construction, the building ceased to accommodate the ever-increasing number of business people. And in 1873-75 the building was rebuilt by the architect Kaminsky. As a result of the restructuring, the usable area of the premises has doubled. The next building on the left side is the famous Gostiny Dvor. The building was built at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries according to the project of the architect Quarenghi. In Soviet times, the building was occupied by dozens, if not hundreds of different organizations. Even the organization where my mother VINITI once worked also had a branch here. As a child, I visited my mother several times at work. This building itself, its rooms and corridors simply breathed antiquity. In the 90s, the building was reconstructed. The company in which I worked also took part in the reconstruction. Therefore, I know what I'm talking about, the builders did their best so that little was left of the ancient walls. It was not a scientific restoration, but the so-called “Luzhkov-style reconstruction” that was carried out. When an old building is destroyed, and an exact copy of concrete is cast in its place. It was about the same here. Although part of the load-bearing walls still remained. Now, when I come here, I see only glamorous brilliance. The breath of antiquity has disappeared completely.
9 step. And now let's look at the other side of Ilyinskaya street at house number 3\8. Before us is the temple of the Prophet Elijah on the Novgorod Compound. This is the main temple of the Ilyinsky Monastery that once stood here, from which Ilyinsky Street got its name. The temple was built already in 1520. This is one of the oldest surviving churches in Moscow. In the 17th century, the former monastery church became a parish church and was soon transferred to the metochion of the Metropolitan of Novgorod organized here. At the beginning of the 18th century, an upper temple was added to the ancient temple. At the beginning of the 19th century, the temple was rebuilt from the outside in the style of Russian classicism. And at the end of the 19th century, the temple was built on all sides with various buildings to such an extent that as a separate building it simply ceased to exist, built into some kind of incomprehensible structure. On the patronal feast of the temple - Ilyin's Day, religious processions to Red Square were made in the temple. All Russian tsars and patriarchs took part in the processions. In 1923 the temple was closed. The crosses were removed from him. And since it was built up on all sides with buildings, everyone forgot about it. They forgot to take it down. So he changed the godless times. In the 90s of the 20th century, the temple was returned to the church and it began to quarrel. Services are now regularly held in the church. Another ancient tradition has been revived. Every year on Ilyin's Day, religious processions to Red Square are held here. Only in modern times this tradition was supplemented with modern attributes. The fact is that Ilyin's day coincides with the day of the airborne troops. Therefore, the Airborne Forces chose Elijah the Prophet as their heavenly patron. So on this holiday, not only the highest clergy of the Russian Orthodox Church, but also many paratroopers gather in the church for the service and for the subsequent procession every year. Everyone comes, and gray-haired old veterans in orders, and younger veterans of local conflicts, and young people who have only recently returned from the army and vigorously celebrate their holiday throughout Moscow, and the command of the airborne troops, headed by the commander of the Airborne Forces, General Shamanov. So if you served in the army in the airborne troops or now one of your relatives is serving there, then in no case should you pass by this temple. You simply have to come here, put a candle to Elijah the Prophet and ask him for help to all our paratroopers, former, present and future.
10 step. And we continue to say goodbye to Ilyinskaya Street and, right in front of Ilyinsky Church, we dive into Khrustalny Lane, which departs from Ilyinskaya Street. And let's go down. To your left is the already familiar Gostiny Dvor, and to your right is the building of the middle shopping arcade. In general, before the revolution, there were three shopping arcades along the entire Red Square: upper, middle and lower. Now only the Upper Trading Rows are widely known, we know them as the GUM building, the middle trading rows, which had the same function before the revolution, belonged to one of the subdivisions of the Ministry of Defense in Soviet times. Now the building is closed with scaffolding and a net, and what is happening there and to whom it all belongs is now unclear. Below there was also the building of the Lower Trading Rows, but it was destroyed during the construction of the Rossiya Hotel, from which, in turn, nothing was left either.
11 step. And we went out to Varvarka Street to talk. Among all the streets of Kitay-gorod, I personally like it the most, at least from a visual point of view. Such a number of ancient monuments on such a short section of the street in Moscow is nowhere else. Crystal lane led us exactly to the very beginning of the street, to house number 2. We see the temple of the Holy Great Martyr Barbara, it is from it that Varvarka Street bears its name. The first stone temple was built on this site in 1514 by the architect Aleviz Novy. In 1796-1804, in its place, the architect Kazakov built the temple that we see now. After the revolution, the temple was closed and rebuilt. However, during the construction of the Rossiya Hotel, when it became clear that there would be crowds of foreign tourists wandering around, the Soviet government restored some of the objects on Varvarka Street, including the Church of St. Barbara. Now the temple has been returned to the church. But since there are many churches in this area, and there are almost no residents, and, accordingly, parishioners, services in this church are rare.
12 step. We will take just a few steps and stop at the next interesting building. It does not go directly to Varvarka Street. It's like it's underneath. It does not hang the house number (at least I did not find it). But this old white building is hard to miss. This building was built in the 16th century. How was it? So, the middle of the 16th century. Just fifty years ago, Columbus paved the way to the New World. England, the mistress of the seas, also wants to snatch her piece in the era of great geographical discoveries and sends many expeditions to different parts of the world to search for new lands and open trade routes. One of these expeditions is sent in search of the northern sea route to China. Of course, none of the three ships that circled Scandinavia ever made it to China. During a severe storm, the ships were scattered across the sea. Two ships landed on a deserted island, where their crew soon died. And the third ship, led by Richard Chancellor, was lucky. They were brought to the mouth of the Northern Dvina. Places for the British were unfamiliar and they decided to explore them. It was here that it was discovered that they accidentally opened the northern sea route for trade with Russia. By land Chancellor was delivered to Moscow. Ivan the Terrible, who ruled at that time, was delighted with the opening of a new trade route. After all, before trade with England went through the Baltic through many intermediaries. Now it was possible to trade directly with great profit. Especially for the English merchants, who after that often visited Moscow and this building was transferred. Now there is a museum, which is called the “Old English Court”. During her visit to Moscow, the current Queen of Great Britain visited this place.
13 step. Let's walk down the street a little more to house number 4. In front of you is the Church of Maxim the Blessed on Varvarka. Blessed Maxim is one of the first Moscow saints. At least the very first blessed in Moscow. The year of his birth is unknown to us, we only know the year of his death, 1434. After his death, he was buried in the fence of the wooden church of Boris and Gleb, which stood on this site. But during a fire in 1568, the church burned down. And it was decided to build a new stone temple in honor of St. Maxim, Christ for the sake of the holy fool. But this temple also did not survive to this day. The building that now stands in front of us was built in 1698-1699, the bell tower was added much later - in 1827-1829. In the 1930s the temple was closed and dilapidated. However, in the 60s it was restored and used as an exhibition hall. Now the temple has been returned to the church. But services there, as well as in the church of St. Barbara, are still rare.
14 step. Let's walk along the same side of the street a little more to house number 10. In front of you is the chamber of the Romanov boyars. The house of the Romanovs was built on Varvarskaya Street by the grandfather of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, boyar Nikita Romanovich, at the end of the first half of the 16th century. At the end of the 17th century, the building was badly damaged by fire. But in general, the building has been preserved. Of course, the upper extension, which is so striking, is already a modern reconstruction, but the lower part of the building is a real 16th century. It was in these walls that the first Tsar of the Romanov family, Mikhail Fedorovich, was born. Now the building houses the Museum of the Romanov Boyars. By the way, the first museum dedicated to the Romanovs was opened here in 1859.
15 step. Now let's go back a few steps on the same side of the street. A little back from the street below, we see a whole complex of old buildings and churches. This is all that remains of the Znamensky Monastery. The royal decree on the founding of the Znamensky Monastery "in the Old Sovereign's Court, on the Barbarian sacrum, or near Barbara Mountain" was signed by Tsar Mikhailov Fedorovich in 1613. And it was located, as can be seen from its name, and as you can see for yourself, practically in the courtyard near the Romanovs' chambers. The Tsar granted the monastery lands (with part of the chambers) that previously belonged to his own estate. Almost all the buildings of the monastery that you see now were built in the second half of the 17th century. Apart from the bell tower, it is the middle of the 19th century. In the 30s of the 20th century the monastery was closed. In the 1960s, the dilapidated buildings were restored. A concert and lecture hall was arranged in the cathedral. Now restoration work is underway here. There are two churches in the cathedral: the lower one is Sergius of Radonezh, the upper one is the icon of the Mother of God “The Sign”. Services are sometimes even held in the lower church. In front of the temple building, near the Romanovs' chambers, in a building reminiscent of the Old English courtyard, there is a monastery shop.
16 step. We go further along the same side. A little before reaching the temple, we will stop for a minute at the "observation deck". Let's look across the construction site. Approximately 400 meters away, in the very corner of a tall fence, a small temple is visible. But this is one of the oldest surviving churches in Moscow. Church of the conception of St. Righteous Anna, “in the corner”. That is its official name. “In the corner”, because it was built in the very corner of the Kitaigorod wall. The wall went almost exactly to the place where this tall terrible fence now stands. So the church is now fully consistent with its name - "what's in the corner." And this church was built already in the second quarter of the 16th century. Some sources claim that this is generally 1493. True, over the centuries the church was rebuilt and overgrown with various extensions from all sides. However, in the 60s of the 20th century, a large-scale restoration was carried out. Everything that was built from the 17th to the 19th century was demolished. And now the church stands in front of us in the form in which it was in the 16th century. The attraction for Kitay-Gorod is of course very significant, but I won’t take you there on purpose, it’s a helluva lot to go. Yes, and it's not very clear how to get there. Look from here, above. Consider that this is an optional task for those who wish. Who wants to go there himself. If he finds a way, of course.
17 step. And now let's shift our gaze from the distant church to the one that stands right in front of us (house number 12). The fact is that the phrase “come in large numbers here” appeared not today or even yesterday, but many centuries ago. By and large, Moscow arose and grew precisely at the expense of the “come in large numbers”. “Come in large numbers here” Yuri Dolgoruky and it began. And in this place there was a place of compact residence of the "come in large numbers" boyars and merchants from Pskov. Since then, this place on the mountain has been nicknamed Pskovskaya Gora. And the temple is called - George the Victorious on the Pskov Mountain. The first written mention of a stone church on this site dates back to 1462. The temple, which now stands on this site, was built in 1658, the bell tower and the refectory in 1818. After the revolution, the temple was closed and began to collapse. In the 1960s, an external restoration was carried out. Now the temple is active. This is the only temple of all the temples on Varvarka, which is almost always (except for the late evening and night of course) open and where services are held regularly.
18 step. Tired? Be patient, we are already at the finish line. Let's go a little further, to Slavyanskaya Square. To the right, along Kitaygorodsky passage, a piece of the preserved Kitaygorod wall goes. But she's not all real. A piece of the wall rebuilt in our time stands out. The “remake” built in the sixties and seventies is less noticeable, but if you wish, you can also see it.
19 step. Do you want to finally touch a piece of the real Kitai-Gorod wall, without any modern fake? There is nothing easier. Go down to the underground passage at the corner of Varvarka and Kitaigorodsky passage. During construction work in the underground passage, a perfectly preserved foundation of the Varvara tower of Kitay-gorod was discovered. And now it is open for viewing. There is even a memorial plaque.
20 step. Farewell. And here we are almost in the subway. Some of you are not interested in searching for hiding places. You went on this walk just to walk around old Moscow. Well, then, in this place we say goodbye to you. I hope you enjoyed the walk. And the entrance to the subway is very close. For those who want to find the hiding place, everything is just beginning.
When describing the cache, photographs of old Moscow were used from the site, which is called “Photos of Old Moscow”
Starts in Zaryadye
Church of the Holy Great Martyr George on the Pskov Hill
The first temple of the Intercession of the Virgin is mentioned in Posada as early as the 15th century. Then the area began to be called Pskovskaya Gorka, because the Pskovites settled here, resettled in Moscow at the beginning of the 16th century after the annexation of Pskov. Then a prison yard arose nearby, and therefore the church was called "near the old prisons."
In 1658, a modern stone church was built, the main altar of which is the Intercession of the Mother of God, and the northern chapel is St. George the Victorious. In the 19th century, a bell tower was added, and a chapel of Peter the Metropolitan was added.
In the 1930s the church was closed and used as a warehouse. In 1965-72. restoration was carried out under the leadership of E.A. Deistfeld.
In 1991-94. the temple was handed over to believers, since 1995 divine services have been resumed. Now the upper temple is operating, and the lower one is under repair. In the church there is an icon of the Kazan Mother of God, shot in several places, but the face is not damaged.
Down from the church in Zaryadye was Pskov lane. In the 1940s, the houses around were demolished, the place was empty, in the 1960s the Rossiya Hotel was built, now again there is a wasteland on the south side of the temple.
What will be built here, and will the appearance of Varvarka Street be preserved?
The house on the corner of Varvarka and the Kitai-Gorod wall are left over from the old quarter
View of Varvarka street
Barbarian Gate Square
Church of John the Baptist at the Barbarian Gates
It has been mentioned since 1619, the stone temple was built in 1741 by the manufacturer F. S. Podsevalshchikov. Aisles - Pope Clement and the Bogolyubskaya Icon of the Mother of God.
in the 1920s it was closed, the temple was used as a residential building, a contour of housing and communal services, a warehouse of the Central Committee of the CPSU. Restoration started only in 2009
Behind the temple is the courtyard of an 18th-century estate.
Behind the temple along Varvarka on the left is the Romanov estate, but we will examine it separately, but for now we will continue our walk to the Znamensky Monastery.
The Znamensky Monastery "on the former sovereign's court" was founded in 1629 in connection with several events. This land belonged to the Romanovs before they ascended the throne. And Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich decides to donate the former courtyard of the church, and it was in 1629, when the long-awaited heir to the throne, the future Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, was born to him. Also, the territory of the courtyard passed to the monastery after the death of the mother of Tsar Michael, nun Martha.
The Cathedral of the Icon of the Sign of the Mother of God was built in 1679-84 at the expense of a relative of Tsar Fedor Alekseevich, boyar I.M. Miloslavsky. The architects are peasants from Kostroma Fyodor Grigoriev and Grigory Anisimov. In the lower church there is a chapel of St. Athanasius of Athos.
In 1929, the Znamensky Church was closed, it had living quarters, restoration began in the 1960s, but some of the monastery buildings were demolished. In 1991 it was returned to the church, since 1992 divine services have been resumed, but while the temple is being repaired, now services are in the chapel of St. Sergius of Radonezh.
The fraternal building was built in the 1670s along with the cathedral.
winter roofs
and spring stairs
Church of St. Maximus the Blessed. It was built in 1698 on the site where, sometime in 1434, the holy fool Maxim the Blessed was buried in the estate of the surozhans. The temple was built by order of the merchants of Kostroma Maxim Sharovnikov and Moscow Maxim Verkhovitinov.
The temple was also closed in the 1920s and handed over to the church in 1991.
Surozh farmstead or an old English courtyard is located nearby.
The second part of the walk started from Kitay-gorod metro station. The first sight that is encountered when exiting the metro towards Kitaygorodsky proezd is the Kitaygorodskaya wall.
01 The wall is an almost unpreserved monument of medieval Russian fortification.
02 The red-brick fortress wall around Moscow's Kitay-Gorod, 2,567 meters long and with 12 towers, was built during the reign of Elena Glinskaya, in 1535-38. under the leadership of the Italian engineer Petrok Maly.
03 The purpose of the construction was to defend the Moscow Posad from the raids of the Crimean Tatars, similar to the invasion of Mahmet Giray in 1521.
04 The erection of the wall was preceded by a temporary stockade in 1534.
05 The walls of Kitay-gorod adjoined the corner towers of the Moscow Kremlin - Beklemishevskaya and Arsenalnaya.
06 Compared to the Kremlin wall, the walls of Kitay-gorod are lower, but thicker, with platforms designed for gun carriages.
07 Such fortifications are better adapted to reflect cannon fire.
08 Slavyanskaya Square was called Varvarskaya Square until 1924, and in 1924-1991 it was known as the northern side of Nogin Square.
09 For me, this square is associated with the starting point for a five-day trip to kindergarten.
10 The Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist at the Varvarsky Gates with the Klimentovsky side chapel was built in 1741 by the manufacturer F. S. Podsevalshchikov on the site of an older stone church.
11 The Temple of George the Victorious on Varvarka is mentioned in chronicles under 1462.
12 In 1657, the old church of St. George the Victorious was dismantled, and a new one was erected on its foundation.
13 In 1812, the Church of St. George the Victorious on Pskovskaya Gora was badly damaged and had to be rebuilt almost from scratch.
14 During the restoration, the temple on Varvarka was increased in size: the refectory became 2 times larger; on the north side, a porch and a bell tower in 2 tiers appeared.
15 Chambers of the Romanovs of the 16th-17th centuries is the only building that has survived from the large estate of the Romanov boyars.
16 Now the chambers are a branch of the State Historical Museum “Chambers in Zaryadye”.
17 Temple in the name of St. Maximus the Confessor was built in 1568 on the site of a wooden temple of the XIV century.
18 The temple that we see now was built in 1698-1699, the bell tower - in 1827-1829.
19 In the 1930s. the temple was closed and ruined, in 1965-969. - restored, until 1994 it was used as an exhibition hall.
20 Services are held on the patronal feasts of St. blzh. Maxim of Moscow and St. Maximus the Confessor.
21 The Znamensky Monastery was founded in 1629-31. on the site of the courtyard that belonged to the Romanov boyars.
22 The monastery was named Znamenskoye, the Church of the Sign of the Mother of God that stood here (beginning of the 16th century).
23 The Znamensky Monastery received the court of the Romanovs with all the buildings, as well as the estates and lands of the nun Martha.
24 In the XVIII century. the monastery gradually fell into decay, in 1764 it was assigned to the 3rd class, its lands were transferred to the treasury.
25 By the end of the XVIII century. the monastery again experienced a period of prosperity; a new bell tower and cell buildings were built.
26 In 1856, at the direction of Emperor Alexander II, work began on the organization of the museum "The House of the Romanov Boyars" in the monastery.
27 After 1923, the monastery was closed, the buildings, including the cathedral, were converted into housing, by the beginning of the 1960s. were in disrepair.
28 Barbara's Church was built in 1796-1804 according to the design of R.R. Kazakov at the expense of I. Barannikov and N. Samgin using the foundations of the temple of the same name, built by Aleviz Fryazin Novy in 1514.
29 Previously, she fixed the corner of the block at the intersection of Varvarka Street and Zaryadinsky Lane, which has not been preserved.
30 A 2-tier bell tower adjoins from the west.
31 The Old English Court is a monument of civil architecture of the XV-XVII centuries, the residence of the English trading Moscow company, and during embassy missions - the English embassy house.
32 Like many merchant houses of that era, the building combined front rooms with extensive storage and utility rooms.
33 Trade relations with England were severed in 1649 when the execution of King Charles I in Great Britain provoked a deep diplomatic crisis between Russia and England.
34 By decree of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, British trade and diplomatic representatives were expelled from the country, and the property of the Moscow Company was confiscated.
35 After the British, for 20 years, the tsar's relative boyar I. A. Miloslavsky owned the chambers.
36 After the death of Miloslavsky, the chambers again became the property of the state and were assigned to the Posolsky order, and at the end of the 17th century they were allocated under the metochion of the Metropolitan of Nizhny Novgorod.
37 At the beginning of the 18th century, Tsar Peter I organized here one of the first Arithmetic Schools in Russia.
38 From 1949 to 1966 it housed the Library of Foreign Literature.
39 On October 18, 1994, a museum was opened here, which became a branch of the Museum of the History of Moscow. The entrance fee to the museum is 50 rubles.
40 Moscow Gostiny Dvor. The history of Gostiny Dvor begins in the 14th century. At the end of the 18th century, by decree of Catherine the Great, in accordance with the project of the famous Italian architect Giacomo Quarenghi, Gostiny Dvor was rebuilt into a single building of strict and elegant architecture, which became a new decoration of Moscow.
41 Spasskaya - one of the 20 towers of the Moscow Kremlin overlooking Red Square. The main gates of the Kremlin - Spassky are located in the tower, the famous clock - chimes are installed in the tent of the tower.
42 St. Basil's Cathedral is an Orthodox church located on Red Square.
43 GUM or "Main Department Store", until 1921 - Upper Trading Rows - a large shopping complex (department store) in the center of Moscow, which occupies a whole block of Kitai-Gorod and overlooks Red Square with its main facade.
44 GUM is a monument of pseudo-Russian architecture of federal significance. Owned by the Russian retailer Bosco di Ciliegi, which specializes in the sale of luxury goods.
45 The State Historical Museum is the national historical museum of Russia, located on the north side of Red Square.
46 The collection of the museum reflects the history and culture of Russia from ancient times to the present day, is unique in terms of the number and content of the exhibits.
47 The Kazan Cathedral is the first of the churches in Moscow completely lost during the Soviet era, which was recreated in its original forms.
48 Reconstruction was carried out in 1990-1993 on the initiative of the Moscow city branch of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments (MGO VOOPIiK).
49 After the decision of the Moscow City Council to restore the “monument of military glory” (1989), donations began to be collected.
51 Resurrection gates - double passage gates of the Kitaigorod wall in the passage of the same name between the building of the City Duma and the Historical Museum.
Gate 52 gave the name to Resurrection Square.
53 Zero kilometer - the starting point for counting road distances.
54 The Museum of the Patriotic War of 1812 was opened for the 200th anniversary of the Patriotic War of 1812.
55 The Bolshoi Theater is one of the largest in Russia and one of the most significant opera and ballet theaters in the world.
56 Zaikonospassky monastery - arose in late. XVI - beginning. 17th century on the site of the monastery of St. Nicholas the Old.
57 He is especially famous for the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy that existed under him.
58 Closed after the revolution. Divine services were resumed in 1992, but the cathedral is now a parish church.
59 Many of the premises of the monastery are occupied by outside organizations.
60 The Epiphany Cathedral was built in 1342, replacing the original wooden one under Grand Duke Ivan Kalita.
61 In 1624 the church began to be rebuilt. It consists of two tiers.
62 The church of the lower tier is the oldest and dates back to 1624 with the main altar in honor of Our Lady of Kazan. The upper church in honor of the Theophany of the Lord and the Savior of the miraculous image was built in 1693.
63 The monument to the Greek enlighteners - Ioannikius and Sophronius Likhudas, the founders of the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy was erected at the expense of the Greek government, as a gift to Moscow and consecrated by the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Alexy II.
64 Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation.
65 Exchange Square.
66 st. Ilyinka.
68 Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation.
69 The Administration of the President of Russia is a state body of Russia that ensures the activities of the President and controls the execution of his instructions and decisions.
70 The Administration of the President of Russia is the successor to the Administration of the Head of the RSFSR, established on July 19, 1991.
71 The Russian Orthodox University is an institution of higher professional religious education of the Russian Orthodox Church, formed in accordance with the decree of His Holiness Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia.
72 It is assumed that the newly formed university will provide educational services in accordance with secular and ecclesiastical standards of education.
73 The Polytechnic Museum is one of the oldest scientific and technical museums in the world, located in Moscow on New Square.
74 The museum was created on the basis of the funds of the Polytechnic Exhibition of 1872 on the initiative of the Society of Lovers of Natural Science, Anthropology and Ethnography with the active participation of its members, professors of Moscow University G. E. Shchurovsky, A. P. Bogdanov and others.
75 The building of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB of Russia) is a unified centralized system of bodies of the federal security service that, within its powers, solves problems of ensuring the security of the Russian Federation.
76 The Moscow Printing Yard is the first printing house in Russia.
77 The printing house was founded under Ivan the Terrible in 1553.
78 This was such a weekend walk through the “historical center of Moscow”.
Material taken from the site
