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Attitude towards the people and serfdom
Be bad, but if you have enough
There are two thousand generic souls, -
He and the groom. (Famusov)
Isn't it the one you are with me from the veil,
For some incomprehensible plans,
Was the child taken to bow?
That Nestor of the noble scoundrels,
A crowd surrounded by servants;
Zealous, they are in the hours of wine and fight
Both honor and his life were saved more than once: suddenly
For them, he traded three greyhounds! !
Or that one else, which is for ventures
I drove to the serf ballet in many wagons
From mothers, fathers of rejected children? !
Himself immersed in the mind in Zephyrs and Cupids,
Made all of Moscow marvel at their beauty!
But the debtors did not agree to the postponement:
Cupids and Zephyrs all
Sold out one by one !! ! (Chatsky)
to ideals
famus society
1. The deceased was a venerable chamberlain,
With a key, he knew how to deliver the key to his son;
He is rich, and he was married to a rich man;
Survived children, grandchildren;
Died; everyone remembers him sadly.
Kuzma Petrovich! Peace be upon him! -
What aces live and die in Moscow! (Famusov)
2. Would study, looking at the elders:
We, for example, or the deceased uncle,
Maxim Petrovich: he is not that on silver,
I ate on gold; one hundred people at the service;
All in orders; I drove forever in a train:
A century at court, but at what court!
Then not what it is now,
Served under the Empress Catherine. (Famusov)
Chatsky
1. Into science to entrust the mind, hungry for knowledge.
2. 4. Everyone breathes more freely
And in no hurry to fit into the regiment of jesters.
to service
famus society
1. Yes! they (papers) were missing.
Have mercy that it suddenly fell
Diligence in writing! (Famusov)
2. I'm afraid, sir, I'm deadly alone,
So that a lot of them (deeds) do not accumulate;
Give free rein to you, it would have sat down;
And I have, what is it, what is not,
My custom is this:
Signed, off your shoulders. (Famusov)
3. And, most importantly, go serve. (Famusov to Chatsky)
4. Well, really, what would you serve in Moscow with us?
And take awards and have fun?
(Molchalin to Chatsky)
5. But I have firmly picked up some new rules.
Chin followed him: he suddenly left the service,
In the village I began to read books.
(Skalozub about his cousin)
6. I'm quite happy in my comrades,
Vacancies are just open:
Then the elders will turn off others,
Others, you see, have been killed.
(Skalozub on the reasons for his fast promotion)
7. As I work and strength,
Since I have been listed in the Archives,
Received three awards. (Molchalin)
8. Father bequeathed to me:
First, to please all people without exception -
The owner, where he happens to live,
To the chief with whom I will serve,
To his servant who cleans dresses,
Swiss, janitor, to avoid evil,
To the janitor's dog, to be affectionate.
Chatsky
1. To serve would be glad, to serve sickeningly.
2. Who serves the cause, not individuals ...
3. He does not serve, that is, he does not find any benefit in that,
But if you wanted it, it would be businesslike.
It's a pity, it's a pity, he's a small head,
And he writes and translates nicely.
(Famusov about Chatsky)
4. When in business - I hide from fun,
When fooling around - fooling around;
And to mix these two crafts
There are darkness of artisans, I am not one of them.
(Chatsky to Molchalin about his attitude to business and entertainment)
foreigners and foreign
1. And here from all sides
Longing, and groaning, and moaning.
Oh! France! There is no better edge in the world! -
Decided two princesses, sisters, repeating
The lesson that they have done from childhood.
Where to go from the princesses!
(Chatsky about the attitude of the young generation of representatives of the Famus society towards foreigners)
2. And all the Kuznetsky Most, and the eternal French,
From there, fashion to us, both authors and muses:
Destroyers of pockets and hearts!
When the creator delivers us
From their hats! cheptsov! and studs! and pins!
And bookstores and biscuit shops !. ... (Famusov)
Chatsky
1. As from an early time we used to believe,
That we have no salvation without the Germans!
2. Ah! if we are born to take over everything,
If only we could borrow a little from the Chinese
Wise their ignorance of foreigners.
Shall we rise again from the foreign rule of fashion?
So that our smart, cheerful people
Although in terms of language we were not considered Germans.
The famous moral and social play in verse "Woe from Wit" by A.S. Griboyedova became an original highly artistic and socially significant work of the first quarter of the 19th century. The author worked on the main work of his life for several years and depicted in it the images and real types of people of that era.
Conflict
In the work "Woe from Wit", the plot is based on two conflicts: the first is love, in which the main character Chatsky and Sophia participate, the second is social and ideological, where, again, Chatsky cannot do without, the owner (Famusov) and his guests, defending outdated conservative views.
Coming to the topic "Attitude to serfdom of Famusov", first let's figure out what kind of person he is, what is his priority. Chatsky will become the main denouncer of such pillars of the noble society as Famusov, convinced serf owners who are ready to send their serfs to Siberia for any mistake.
Famusov's image
Pavel Afanasevich Famusov is the central figure of the play. Referring to the topic "Attitude to serfdom of Famusov", it should be noted that he is a prominent representative of conservatives who adhere to the philosophical teachings of their ancestors. He calls them "fathers", in turn, these are people who hold high government posts and are wealthy landowners. They always advocate the preservation of autocracy and serfdom. They were never interested in the issues of education and freedom. Famusov's image is a collective image that represents the ruling class that has power over others.
Bureaucratic man
Famusov himself is also not a poor man and has a rather high rank of "manager in a state place." The success and promotion of many people largely depends on him. He distributes awards and ranks, makes patronage to young officials and pensions to retirees. It is quite understandable that people like Famusov will fight to the last to preserve their status and privileges. This hero praises Moscow traditions and customs. He believes that in everything one should rely on the experience of the “fathers” and learn from the older generation.
Famusov's quotes contain the meaning of "that honor is for father and son," let him be bad, but if he has a couple of thousand serfs, then he will be considered worthy as a groom.
Excessive mind is a vice
Famusov, in his life convictions, calls progressive young free-thinking a vice. He believes that this comes from an excess of intelligence and learning. He has a down-to-earth and everyday idea of mind. According to his reasoning, an intelligent one who was able to settle down well and, at the expense of his patrons, make a career for himself. For him, scholarship is the same as freethinking, in it he sees a huge danger for the whole society and the state. Famusov's quotes in this case are simply staggering: "if evil is suppressed, take all the books and burn them."
Service attitude
The main theme is service, here everyone dreams of ranks and wealth. Famusov treats people like Colonel Skalozub with deep respect. Chatsky, who abandoned the service, considers him a “lost person,” “although if he wanted, he would be a business man,” Famusov notes about him. However, the landowner himself is very dismissive of his duties "signed, so off your shoulders."
Relationship to serfdom Famusov
Famusov is a Russian landowner of the 19th century, for whom the ownership of serfs seems to be the most natural thing. Chatsky, on the contrary, speaks sharply about serfdom and denounces its supporters in every possible way. He never accepts that serfs can be exchanged for thoroughbred puppies. Chatsky opposes the oppression of the people, he is for freedom and equality between people. The landlords live and feast at the expense of their slaves, therefore "they themselves are fat, and their lackeys are skinny."
If we expand further on the topic "Attitudes towards serfdom of Famusov", then the image of Famusov is a tough reactionary bureaucracy, which was a stronghold of the tsarist autocracy. Exposing the reactionary nature of Famus society, Griboyedov wanted to show where the domination of these people leads, how they influence the life of the ordinary Russian people.
In the fall of 1824, the satirical play "Woe from Wit" was finally edited, which made A. S. Griboyedov a Russian classic. Many acute and painful questions are considered by this work. It deals with the opposition of the "present century" to the "past century", which touches upon the themes of education, upbringing, morality, the order of government, and also denounces the mores of higher Moscow society, which by that time had already lost everything and was almost completely mired in insincerity and false. Now everything is bought and sold, even love and friendship. The writer Griboyedov constantly thinks and reflects on this. Chatsky, on the other hand, is only an artistic hero who voices his thoughts. The most amazing thing about this work is that the phrases from it have become one of the most quoted in Russian literature.
"Woe from Wit." Comedy. Chatsky
Many catchphrases of the play "Woe from Wit" are still used today in our everyday life, but now there is no point in listing them all. Initially, this work was banned by the censorship, since the author's attacks on the existing system of autocracy with its serfdom, army structure and many others were very obvious.
The main character, a young nobleman with progressive views, Chatsky, became the expression of these very ideas. His opponent was a person from the Moscow aristocratic society - the master and landowner Famusov.
Chatsky's attitude to serfdom
These two were opposed to each other by their views on. According to several quotes of the work, one can characterize Chatsky's attitude towards It is in them that the whole meaning of the caustic satire of comedy created by Griboyedov lies. There are not so many of these statements, but what they are!
Chatsky stands up for the oppressed people and speaks out about serfdom very emotionally and strongly. One part of these sayings begins with the words: "That Nestor of noble scoundrels, a crowd of servants surrounded ...". It only further emphasizes the protagonist's resentment when it comes to the serfs.
The word "Nestor" used at the beginning is interpreted as "manager", that is, the Russian nobility who owns serfs. The humiliated and offended rabble serves these high-ranking masters faithfully, protects them from all misfortunes, and sometimes saves them from inevitable death.
Dangerous man
As a result, they received "gratitude" in the form of an exchange of them - living people - for pedigree puppies. Chatsky's attitude to serfdom is very clear and negative. He does not hide his rage and contempt, there is no limit to his indignation. During this time, he managed to spend three years abroad and returned to Moscow. From this it follows that Chatsky has seen many different societies and state structures that did not have serfdom. He was offended for his people and for the open form of slavery that was present in Russia in the 19th century.
Independent personality
There is another of his statements, which followed the previous one, and it sounded like this: "Or that one, still, which for ventures, drove to the serf ballet in many wagons ...". It can be seen from this that serfs were often used for fun, for the amusement or surprise of guests and friends. Chatsky reminds of some noble nobleman (collective image) who created a ballet in which the serf people participated. For Chatsky, this was a terrible example of the exploitation of living people as inanimate puppets. But the whole trouble was that when the need came to the owner, he gave the serfs for the debts as some kind of thing.
Chatsky's first statement is revealing and harsh, while the second contains a feeling of pity for poor people.
It is also interesting that Chatsky's attitude to serfdom does not imply direct attacks on Famusov. But this also does not create doubts about the views of the hero, because he is a true patriot of independent, freedom-loving views. Chatsky sincerely wishes the prosperity of his homeland, despises careerism and honor, condemns all imitations abroad and believes that a person should be respected and appreciated not for the number of serfs, but for his
Chatsky's attitude to serfdom is very ambiguous - on the one hand, he quite often talks about the abuse of this regime, but at the same time, in his remarks there is no complete refusal or protest. Since the motive of serfdom itself is not fundamental in the work, the position of our hero is expressed in a concise manner, but even on the basis of this it is possible to form his idea of this issue.
At the mention of serfs, Chatsky, as a rule, is indignant. He is sincerely disgusted with the existing reality, however, it is likely that this is because in those days, many young nobles were jarred by the crude forms of serfdom. Most of all, the hero is outraged by the fact that the nobility uses serfs "as they please", they do not consider them for people, and sometimes even worse than cattle, the opinion of the peasants is absolutely nothing, they are deprived of all rights, even elementary human rights.
There are only two quotes from Chatsky in relation to serfdom and the common people, among which one is filled with just indignation, and the second with pity. It is impossible to disagree with the hero, because it is quite painful and offensive to see that living people are deprived of the most basic thing that a person can claim - the right to a voice and his own opinion.
It is worth noting that during the times described by the writer, the peasants were really absolutely weak-willed, like puppets in the hands of landowners and nobility. Moreover, Chatsky is outraged that in the price of animals and people are identical, which, in principle, is not correct, they can be exchanged, sold, bought without asking consent.
The hero cannot accept in any way the fact that people can be exchanged for dogs, dogs for people, people for horses, horses again for dogs - in general, that human reason and human capabilities are not appreciated at its true worth and a person (even the most simple and uneducated ) is automatically ranked among livestock, although we all know that everyone is an individual, a person with uniqueness and higher intelligence.
It is painful for Chatsky to look at the sufferings of the serfs, and it does not matter what motivates him - human compassion or simply prim intelligence, one way or another, with the naked eye it is clear that this is sincerely alien to him. However, there is one "But" ... If the hero is really annoyed by the existing injustice, why does he not resort to any activity regarding the protest of serfdom, and expresses only dissatisfaction, but not an open desire to change reality?
It's hard to say ... But the fact that Chatsky's attitude to serfdom is negative is undeniable. Another thing is that in his case it is weak-willedly negative and is limited only to complaining, but not to actions and struggle. Perhaps because our hero is just lazy? Who knows…
Option 2
The main character of the analyzed work is Alexander Chatsky. Taking on the analysis, it will be necessary to focus on such an important issue as the attitude of the hero of the work, Chatsky, to serfdom.
Comedy in poems is of an accusatory nature, it touches on the most acute topics for the time in which Griboyedov lived. These are topics about upbringing, education, serfdom, the current century and the past century, about morality, as well as about social structure. The analyzed comedy reveals the whole truth, all the ins and outs about Moscow society, which had no concept of morality, did not have any moral values at all. A spirit of tension, insincerity, false feelings has always reigned in this society. Everything here was for sale, friendship and love were sold.
The work of Griboyedov is very successful, it was scattered into many quotes. Woe from Wit is one of the most quoted comedies today. A lot of utterances from it have turned into established expressions, which are an integral part of speech in modern times. It is important to say that at first the work of Griboyedov was prohibited by the censorship, because it contained criticism of serfdom.
A significant place in Griboyedov's comedy is occupied by the attitude of the protagonist, Chatsky, to serfdom. In the work, the reader will be able to find a few phrases that show Chatsky's attitude to serfdom. But, despite this, the few statements are quite strong. Chatsky, with sharp criticism, attacks serfdom and its shortcomings.
Chatsky's quotes well confirm his indignation when it comes to serfs. So, in one of his speeches, Chatsky, using the name Nestor, meaning leader, undoubtedly speaks about the Russian nobility, which keeps ordinary people in oppression. Ordinary people have no choice, he protects his master, although he could behave in a completely different way. And what does the owner do in response to protection, devotion? No, he does not respond with gratitude, on the contrary: he changes ordinary people for dogs! There is no end to the indignation and hatred of the chief Chatsky.
All the speeches that characterize the attitude of the protagonist, Chatsky, to serfdom, do not carry any specific attacks on the latter. Not a single quote directly supports the words about the common people. However, despite this fact, Chatsky's quotes undoubtedly do not raise doubts about the hero's opinion in relation to serfdom. The first is hateful, denouncing indignation, the second is empathy, a feeling of lies, wrong directed towards the common person.
Composition Chatsky's relationship to serfdom
It must be said right away that the work does not have a clear position on this issue. The question of serfdom is never raised in the text, there is no criticism on this score. It is known that Griboyedov himself, even in his life, did not speak publicly on this topic, did not advocate the abolition of serfdom, or, conversely, for its strengthening. This is not Nekrasov, not Fonvizin, who criticized the system especially for the attitude of the top of society towards the peasants. Griboyedov makes fun of social vices more.
It is possible only by indirect signs to understand the attitude of the main character of the work to this then burning issue. One feels that Chatsky respects the people - the working people. The hero has more respect for them than for the Moscow nobility, who "weaves" flattery and breaks their foreheads, bowing to the authorities.
Andrey Chatsky tells Famusov that their society literally makes people laugh. Merchants and businessmen are cowardly in war, but "bravely" they bow down. What is left for ordinary people to do when looking at this behavior? Only to laugh, but among themselves, of course, since power and money are in the hands of those fools.
In the same conversation, Andrei Andreevich indignantly cites the serf-owner-theater-goer as an example. He drove the most beautiful children on carts from all parts of his possessions to dress them up in "Cupids and Zephors". At the same time, he tore the unfortunate ones away from their families, put them under stress ... But everyone admired the result of his idea - a beautiful performance. The whole capital was having fun! But only nobody helped the theater-goer with debts ... And I had to sell those Cupids one at a time. Or another example, when a serf-owner exchanged his faithful lackeys, who supported him both in trouble and in joy, for greyhounds! It is felt that all this is disgusting to Chatsky.
The main character characterizes our people as kind and even cheerful. Chatsky complains that due to the abundance of foreign words in the speech of the nobility, ordinary people not only do not understand the "owners", but also consider them almost Germans. The rich try to separate from the people, treat them like a thing.
Chatsky has a humane approach to this issue. Perhaps neither he nor the author knew how to solve this social problem, but, probably, the whole horror is precisely in the contemptuous attitude of some people to others.
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The comedy "Woe from Wit" reflects the impending split in the noble society. The change of one century to another, the ended war of 1812, required the landowners to reassess their values and change their outlook on social life. In this regard, there are nobles who want to improve the position of Russia by increasing the value of the human personality and civil consciousness. The struggle between the two groups of nobles is described in the play as a clash between the "present century" and the "past century." In the comedy Woe From Wit, Chatsky and Famusov are the main opponents.
The problem of the mind in comedy
A.S. Griboyedov wrote about his work: "In my comedy there are 25 fools for one sane person." By "sane person" Griboyedov means the main character of the comedy - Alexander Andreevich Chatsky. But in the process of analyzing the work, it becomes clear that Famusov cannot be called a fool either. Since Griboyedov put his own thoughts and ideals into the image of Chatsky, the author is completely on the side of the main character. However, both Chatsky and Famusov have their own truth, which each of the heroes defends. And each of them has his own mind, just the mind of Chatsky and the mind of Famusov differ in quality.
The mind of a nobleman, adhering to conservative views and ideals, is aimed at protecting his comfort, his warm place from everything new. The new is hostile to the old way of life of the feudal landlords, because it threatens its existence. Famusov adheres to such views.
Chatsky, on the other hand, is the owner of an effective, flexible mind, aimed at building a new world, in which the main values will be the honor and dignity of a person, his personality, and not money and position in society.
The values and ideals of Chatsky and Famusov
The views of Chatsky and Famusov sharply differ on all issues related to the lifestyle of a nobleman. Chatsky is a supporter of education, enlightenment, he himself is "sharp, smart, eloquent", "writes gloriously, translates." Famusov and his society, on the contrary, consider excessive "learning" harmful to society and are very afraid of the appearance in their midst of people like Chatsky. The Chatskys threaten Famus' Moscow with the loss of its usual comfort and the opportunity to spend life "in feasts and in extravagance."
The dispute between Chatsky and Famusov also flares up around the attitude of the nobles to the service. Chatsky "does not serve, that is, he does not find any use in that." The main character of the comedy explains it this way: "I would be glad to serve - it is sick to serve." But the conservative noble society is arranged in such a way that it is impossible to achieve anything here without "serving". Chatsky wants to serve "the cause, not the people."
But Famusov and his supporters have a completely different view of the issue of service.
Famusov's ideal is his late uncle Maxim Petrovich. He earned the respect of the empress herself by acting like a jester at a reception. Having stumbled and fell, he decided to turn this awkward situation in his favor: he fell several more times on purpose to make the audience and Empress Catherine laugh. This ability to "serve as a favor" brought Maksim Petrovich enormous wealth and weight in society.
Chatsky does not accept such ideals, for him it is a humiliation. He calls this time the age of "obedience and fear", clamping down on human freedom. The comparison by the hero of the “present century” and the “past century” does not turn out to be in favor of the latter, because now “everyone breathes more freely and is in no hurry to fit into the regiment of jesters”.
Family values of Chatsky and Famusov
The clash between Famusov and Chatsky also occurs over the divergence of their views on family values. Famusov believes that when creating a family, the presence of love is not at all important. “The poor man is no match for you,” he says to his daughter. Both in society and in the family, money is at the forefront. Wealth for Famus society is the same as happiness. Personal qualities do not matter either in society or in the family: "Be bad, but if you have a soul of two thousand family members, he is the groom."
Chatsky, on the other hand, is a supporter of a lively feeling, which is why he is terrible for Famusov's Moscow. This hero puts love above money, education above position in society. Therefore, the conflict between Chatsky and Famusov flares up.
conclusions
Comparative characteristics of Chatsky and Famusov reveal all the meanness and immorality of Famusov and his supporters. But Chatsky's time in the society that is described in the comedy "Woe from Wit" has not yet come. The main character is expelled from this environment, having been declared insane. Chatsky is forced to retreat because of the numerical superiority of the "past century." But he leaves Moscow not a loser, but a winner. Secular Moscow was frightened by his speeches. His truth is terrible for them, it threatens their personal comfort. His truth will prevail, as the replacement of the old with the new is historically natural.
The clash between Famusov and Chatsky is a dispute between two generations, two different worlds. The arguments and causes of the conflict described in this article can be used by 9th grade students while writing an essay on the topic "Characteristics of Chatsky and Famusov in the comedy" Woe from Wit "
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