Millions of people around the world, including about 60% of Americans, Australians and Europeans, exercise regularly. A 2015 review provided data on the long-term health benefits of specific sports disciplines, but new research has evidence that some common sports are associated with significant reductions in the risk of premature death.

How low physical activity affects the human body

It is believed that insufficient physical activity causes more than 5 million premature deaths a year. In order to reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus Type 2, cancer and a number of others chronic diseases The World Health Organization recommends adults and seniors at least 150 minutes of physical activity per week.

These assessments and recommendations are predominantly based on research on the effects of people participating in moderate to vigorous physical activity. But does this mean that there is a difference for our health in which sport we choose?

What is of interest to researchers?

IN last years there is a growing interest of researchers both in specific factors (for example, work, transport, household and free time), and in different types of physical activity (walking, cycling) that affect our health. While walking and cycling, for example, have been associated with a reduced risk of premature death, physical activity in the areas of leisure and daily life seems to provide more benefits than professional and transport-related activities.

What sports are good for your health?

Adults taking Active participation in sports, reduce the risk of early death by 34%, compared to those people who never do it or play sports very rarely. These general findings, however, do not imply that all sports have the same effect on health.

The 2015 review we mentioned earlier summarized the health benefits of participation in 26 sports disciplines. Moderately strong, conditional evidence has been established that running and soccer improves heart function, aerobic capacity, metabolism, balance, and body weight. Football has additionally shown benefits for muscle performance. Evidence for other sports was sparse or conflicting.

How useful are the most common sports disciplines?

Scientists analyzed data from 80,306 British adults to support the evidence for the health benefits of six common sports disciplines - aerobics, cycling, football, tennis, running and swimming. The study showed a 27%, 15%, 47% and 28% reduction in the risk of premature death for people involved in aerobics, cycling, tennis and swimming, respectively.

Although scientists have previously observed a decrease in the risk of early death associated with football and running (18% and 13%, respectively), the new study does not allow conclusions about these effects in the general population. However, such evidence should not be misinterpreted as “evidence of no effect” or evidence that such an effect is minimal. Scientists simply do not know if the observed effects occurred by chance and were characteristic of the people taking part in the study, or if they would be true for the entire population.

Previous studies in Americans, Chinese and Danes have shown a significant reduction in the risk of early death (27-40%) associated with running. A 2015 review identified a number of health benefits associated with football.

Should you play sports at all?

The annual injury rate among professional athletes and amateurs is about 6%, but the incidence, types and severity of injuries differ significantly depending on the sports. Fortunately, experts believe that about 50% of sports injuries are preventable. The risk can be minimized by following the recommendations of trainers and doctors, as well as paying attention to even minor injuries, as without the necessary treatment they can turn into a serious problem.

More than 50 years ago, Winston Churchill was asked to reveal his secret to longevity. “Sports,” he said. "I've never played sports in my life."

Should we follow Sir Winston's example, or is it better to act on the latest research showing the health benefits of sports? Although the possibility of sports injury or other adverse health effects associated with sports (for example, sudden death during physical exercise) can never be ruled out, the potential benefits far outweigh the risks.

Which sport should you choose?

It may take several decades for scientists to reach definite conclusions about the health benefits of all sports. Do you want to sit in front of the TV all this time and wait for the researchers to announce the final results? No. Keep track of your preferences and choose an accessible sporting activity that you enjoy, and try to minimize the risk of injury.

This will increase the likelihood that you stay motivated and exercise long enough to reap significant health benefits.

MOSCOW, November 30 - RIA Novosti. Swimming, cycling, aerobics and tennis were found to be the healthiest sports in Australia, according to an article in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.

“Our observations have shown that it is important not only how often and how much you do sports, but the sport itself. different kinds sports can affect human health in different ways. These observations and the findings of our colleagues should help sports institutions formulate new types of exercise that will maximize the health benefits of people, ”said Emmanuel Stamatakis of the University of Sydney, Australia.

Stamatakis and her colleagues came to this conclusion after studying data that social services in Great Britain and Australia collected from 1994 to 2006, observing the health of about 80 thousand older British athletes.

Scientists advise exercising, not dieting for weight lossSports and active image life affects the rate of weight loss and the effectiveness of diets more than the composition of diets itself, the characteristics of a person's metabolism and the structure of his intestinal microflora.

The purpose of these observations was to test whether intense physical activity affects life expectancy and predisposition to various diseases, including heart attacks, strokes and other problems with the cardiovascular system.

For example, football, running, weightlifting and many other sports did not affect life expectancy or the likelihood of death due to health problems. Other disciplines had more positive effects on human health and prolonged life.

For example, badminton, tennis and the so-called squash (playing tennis with a wall) turned out to be the most beneficial sports for older Britons - they reduced the likelihood of premature death for any possible reasons by about 47%, and by 56% - due to problems with the heart and blood vessels.

Scientists: it's never too late to exercise for a healthy old ageRegular exercise in adulthood sevenfold increases the chances of good physical and mental health in old age, according to British scientists, whose work is published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.

Similarly, swimming and aerobics reduced the chances of death by 27-28% overall, and 36-41% from cardiovascular diseases. In addition, cycling reduced the likelihood of death by 15% without affecting the health of the heart and blood vessels.

Scientists believe that such differences indicate that certain sports disciplines affect human health in different ways, strengthening the health of certain organs or parts of the body. This, in turn, indicates the need to develop combined sports that would help to strengthen the health of the body as a whole.

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The health benefits of exercise have long been known: it reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders, and prolongs life.

Past scientific work, statistics and the experience of doctors confidently indicate that high and medium intensity active exercises have the best effect on the body.

But which of the hundreds of exercises are most effective?

A new study makes it clear what is the best practice for health and longevity - tennis!

These results are based on the analysis of a huge amount of data - 11 annual surveys conducted in England and Scotland from 1994 to 2008 with the participation of 80.3 thousand people.

Each participant reported their physical activity over the past 4 weeks, indicating the type and intensity of work and / or exercise. Average age of the respondents was 52 years old.

The analysis included chores (eg gardening) and the most popular sports: swimming, cycling, gymnastics / aerobics / dancing, running / jumping, football / rugby, badminton / tennis / squash. They were grouped by load level.

Overall, only 44% of the respondents followed the physician's recommended physical activity norm.

The observation continued for an average of 9 years after the first survey. During this time, out of 80.3 thousand participants, almost 8.8 thousand died. Among them - 1.9 thousand victims of stroke and heart attack.

What other exercises can prolong life?

Taking into account all possible contributing factors, scientists have compiled a list of the most beneficial types of physical activity.

Compared to a sedentary lifestyle, participants' risk of death from cardiovascular events was reduced as follows:

47% for racket fans
- by 28% for swimming enthusiasts
- by 27% when doing aerobics
- by 15% for cyclists

Equally controversial was the fact that running, rugby and football were outsiders in the ranking. Relentless statistics show that these sports have almost no effect on the risk of heart attack and stroke.

When the runners were compared with the inactive peers, everything looked rosy: the risk - 43%!

But as soon as other factors were included in the analysis (for example, the initial state of health), the preventive effect of this sport instantly disappeared.

Simply put, runners live longer than lazy ones if they were initially healthier.

As for rugby and football, experts have come up with an interesting hypothesis. These are seasonal sports that not all fans play in winter. Long seasonal breaks in training may have influenced the study's bottom line.

How does intensity affect the benefits of exercise?

When the authors decided to study the effects of exercise intensity, the answer was obvious.

The higher the intensity of the exercise, the better for the heart. Up to a certain point. When training intensity reaches this peak, further increase is detrimental to health and longevity.

Thus, exercise intensity versus benefit is an inverted U-curve. Little is bad.

A lot is also bad.

The truth is somewhere in between.

Although the results are very interesting, the authors themselves urge to approach them with caution.

These figures are based on an analysis of a small number of deaths, so an error cannot be ruled out.

Details of the intriguing study are published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.

Today we will discuss what is the most useful sport for the harmonious and full-fledged physical development of the muscles and intelligence of a person, two very important points for any sport, and even more so for the best sport. In fact, this is the main purpose of sports, and why, after all, 90% of people do it. Therefore, we will find out by doing what kind of sport you can get the most harmonious physical activity on muscles and ligaments, to maximize the development of their strength, speed, flexibility and endurance.

And for lovers of "large sizes" we will not forget about the large volume of muscles. But you just need to take into account that naturally it is not very bad if muscles and strength go to the detriment of the main organ modern man, namely his brain. And in order to avoid this, we will immediately discuss which sports help develop intelligence, and which, on the contrary, lead to its gradual degradation.

Harmonious muscle development in sports

The harmonious development of all muscles for a person is extremely important, since, for example, shaking only their arms, many athletes often forget about their legs or vice versa. The result is a disproportionate person who in his life can only do a strictly defined function.

As an example, strongly pumped-up people like the guy that we have in the main photo, whom I photographed on the beach in Rio, look with what interest the whole beach is looking at him, and the girls run up to take a picture with him. But there is even more "pumped", who often cannot even tie their own laces on their shoes, scratch their backs, etc.... As a result, it turns out not the most useful kind of sport and "healthy athlete" but some kind of humanoid and a hostage of his own body.

A real healthy person must have both flexibility and endurance. What is the use of "blunt force" if you are strong, but you cannot run even 25 meters, pull yourself up 2 times and touch your own socks with your hands.

Naturally, for the harmonious development of muscles in sports, one must also take into account that when developing speed, strength and endurance usually decrease, and vice versa, it is also true, which is also not very good. An ideal body for a person is a harmoniously developed body without large distortions.

The healthiest sport

We already had separate articles about and about the most, you can read them, and now we are talking about the most harmonious and useful sport in the field of muscle growth and physical activity.

1) Football gives good development of the whole body just overlooking hand development a little, and stretching 8 balls.

2) OFP if this is only running, it will not give the development of the whole body, but only the legs of the runners, and this is 6 points, but taking into account swimming and fitness, let it be 9.

3) Karategives excellent tone of the whole matter and extraordinary strength of muscles and tendons, as well as strength and speed, although with this large muscles you will not get 9 points.

4) MMA pumps most of the muscles you need during hard workouts, usually not taking into account only the stretch of 9 balls.

5) Chess they immediately receive a minimum of 4 points for obvious reasons. You just have to extra you must also visit the gym for chess.

6) Acrobatics incredibly pumps the whole body for speed, strength and endurance, and if you add more plasticity of artistic gymnastics, you can even give 10 points. The only negative is of course the increased injury rate.

7) Bodybuilders, security officials and street "Jocks" often do not develop speed and stretching... Then even pumping ideal muscles, for disharmony 8 points. Although there are many pleasant exceptions, and separately "work out" as the most useful sport for harmonious muscle growth can easily get more points.

Useful sports

8) Here dancing give enough movement and muscle development, therefore, dancing is easy to rank as a useful sport for harmonious development. Naturally, endurance is pumped most of all in dancing, but speed and strength are not always enough. Although if this is a break dance, then we will give 8 points for the usefulness of dancing easily.

9) Yoga too develops plasticity and stretching, but completely forgot about speed and dynamics, receiving a maximum of 9 for this disharmony, and even then, for an incredibly healthy body and spine of yogis. Although if you do not know there are types of yoga in which muscles are pumped, but these are already more modern approaches.

10) Capoeira tries to pump, develop and develop harmoniously all muscle groups. Most good capoeiristas can easily do splits, bridge, walk on their hands and jump difficult somersaults.... At the same time, strength is often trained by practicing static strength balance. And some do it all up to 50-60 years, it would seem a solid ten.

But for fairness, let's give 9 points, since capoeira is not a professional competitive sport and people are not always required to give their best in training... And there are also many types of capoeira, and not all of them provide an ideal physical activity.

Sports and intelligence

But let's talk about sports and intelligence, since muscles are muscles, and they are important, and strength is also important, but no amount of money and sports achievements will definitely help you if your head is empty at the same time... Therefore, let's see which of the dozens of sports we have chosen earlier develops intelligence to a greater extent, or at least prevents it from degrading.

1) Football is not entirely for the development of intelligence, but since it is a team sport, it requires constant attention and analysis of the behavior of other members of your team and the opposing team. Not to mention the miscalculation of the optimal strategy for winning the whole team for this 7 points.

2) GPP, running and swimming require the smallest costs and development of intelligence... You can only think about something during a long marathon, or jogging around the house, and you certainly won’t get smarter by running 100 meters. Although there are a lot of smart people there, they know when it is better to overtake the enemy, and when to save strength, but still a maximum of 6 balls.

3) Karate is a pretty intellectual sport., you need to analyze the behavior and manner of fighting the enemy. Not to mention memorizing a lot of punches and the moment when it is appropriate to use them. And also karate is often about a spiritual sport, implying work on yourself, your mind and consciousness, so that 8 balls.

4) MMA is very difficult to call mixed or sports martial arts developing intelligence... But all the same, when you start to want to live and win, you have to analyze opponents and the possible strategy of your behavior, for this 6 points.

The smartest sport

5) Chess, of course, 10 points. This is really rightfully the smartest and even the wisest sport, because in addition to incredible training of intelligence when choosing the right move, you also train the wisdom of anticipating the behavior of your opponent 5-10 or even 20 steps forward.

What is worthy of the best strategists in the world. Plus possible side effect in a dozen other years in the form of photographic memory, when you can memorize a sheet of printed text in a few seconds, which makes chess the most useful sport for the development of intellectual abilities.

6)Acrobatics is far from the smartest sport and does not require large intellectual costs, except for memorizing dozens of complex elements and methods of their implementation, for which 7 points.

7) Bodybuilding, on the other hand, is very often associated with increased intellectual activity., as it requires reading an incredible mountain of literature with different ways pump up. A plus many jocks know chemistry and medicine at a very advanced level, understanding the effect on their body of dozens of drugs and all the muscles on the human body by name and functionality.

And frankly, there are many philosophers and politicians in this sport. Therefore, if you really swing wisely and according to well-thought-out sports systems, then you can safely get 8 points.

8) There is no need to be very wise in dancing, they hardly develop the mind significantly, although there are also few stupid dancers, let it be 6 balls.

9) Yoga also works in the plane of spirituality rather than intellect., but at the same time there are types of purely intellectual yoga, and in the classroom a very large list of problems from healthy eating, to the place and role of man in this world.

Yes, and among the yogis and religious figures there are the smartest people on the planet, and the Vedas contain many references to such knowledge, which has just begun to approach modern science 9 points.

10) Capoeira is not the most intelligent sport, but at the same time it is also often required to keep in mind the traditions of different groups, dozens, if not hundreds of songs in Portuguese, to anticipate the enemy's movements and attempts to deceive in time for the game. And slow traditional capoeira (Angola) is generally like a unique physical chess and most likely the most intelligent combat combat, 8 points.

Sport develops intelligence

I will tell you more in the average sport really develops intelligence or at least contributes to it, because usually people who do not play sports at all or at least do creative work such as poetry, drawing, music or singing, on average, are less intellectually developed, and are almost not ready to improvise and create something new.

therefore I advise you to pay attention to sports, even if your main goal is to become smarter, after all a wise body more harmoniously accommodates a wise mind... Moreover, now the majority of athletes are becoming the political and business elite, and some already have more than one higher education... And in ancient times, athletes-sages were generally the elite of the whole society, and a significant part of famous philosophers in ancient greece received medals at the Olympic Games.

Highlights of the article: Today we discussed the ten best sports we have selected previously in their respective categories. Namely, we assessed candidates for the most useful sport according to two most important criteria

2) Sports giving the maximum development of intelligence

We got the following results: Football 8, 7; OFP 9, 6; Karate 9, 8; MMA 9, 8; Chess 4, 10; Acrobatics 10, 7; Bodybuilding 8, 8; Dances 8, 6; Yoga 9, 9; Capoeira 9, 8.

I hope reading this story will help you understand that it is more important for you to develop the intelligence or physical characteristics of your body, and you can determine the healthiest sport for yourself. But for later life, read the next part of this story. Also read about, and, and I have, if you are interested in this topic, I highly recommend reading.

Now let's move on to sports areas for the stronger sex. The main thing, of course, is that you like the sport. But in this material we will consider sports that form muscle relief, develop endurance and strength, strengthen bone tissue and are useful for potency.

Running will help to burn or, as bodybuilders say, "dry" the body and expose the perfect relief, or get rid of extra pounds. Not only legs work and swing, as you might first think, but also shoulders and arms. After all, the correct movements of the hands while running are equally important. The cardiovascular system is strengthened, which will help with age. Endurance develops and lung capacity increases.

Jogging can also strengthen and restore the circulatory system, especially in the pelvis. There is also a strengthening of the pelvic floor, buttocks and thighs - all this improves blood flow and has a beneficial effect on male strength.

Crossfit

Almost every man dreams of acquiring a relief torso and pumped up muscles, to develop his endurance and speed of movement. CrossFit training is an excellent solution for those seeking to achieve these goals. This is a whole complex of exercises that are constantly replacing each other, which are performed at a very high speed. In fact, it is full program physical fitness. Intense exercise affects all muscle groups: you end up with biceps, triceps, and stomach cubes. Such exercises accelerate the metabolism and strengthen the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.

Football and basketball

It is not for nothing that these are more male sports. Of course, women are excellent at scoring goals and throwing balls into baskets, but they bring the maximum benefit to men. First, the increase in lung capacity through grueling exercise. The development of speed, endurance - respectively, the formation muscle mass... In addition, scientists from the University of Gothenburg (Sweden) came to the conclusion that the bone mass became denser in men who play football or basketball. Scientists made this conclusion by measuring the bone mass of more than 800 men between the ages of 18 and 20 and examining their lifestyle.

The jumping, acceleration, and sudden stops typical of these sports increase the load on the bones, thereby stimulating the formation of new bone tissue... High bone density, scientists say, protects against the development of osteoporosis. Well, and, of course, team spirit and adrenaline are just as important.

Swimming

This sport is good for both women and men. In addition to active training muscles, swimming, heal the heart and normalize the work of the cardiovascular system as a whole. All muscle groups are involved, and deep breathing helps to accelerate blood circulation, and therefore, facilitate the work of the heart. Of course, the lungs are being trained. And in addition to the above positive aspects, there is one important thing for men - swimming normalizes the functioning of the genitals.

Prepared using materials: menslife.com, bosi.biz, run-studio.com, paladincenter.ru, menquestions.ru.