Sandwich chimneys are the most successful solution for the construction of a residential building, a bathhouse or other premises that will be heated with combustible fuel. This installation technology has a huge number of advantages and is practically devoid of disadvantages.

The most important thing is that you can carry out all the work on the design and construction of the chimney yourself. This does not require a building education, it will only be enough to study the technology with the help of video tutorials, which are easily found on any thematic site. At the end of the course, you will only need to apply the acquired knowledge in practice.

Sandwich chimneys have high level fire protection. The unique device prevents the formation of condensate on the inner walls, and also minimizes soot deposits inside the chimney. Thus, the system will not need to be cleaned several times a year.

For its normal functioning, preventive procedures will be needed once every few years. The most important thing is to properly assemble the communication so that smoke and combustion products are released into the atmosphere, and not settled in the room. And, of course, to get good result you will need the use of high quality materials that will not let you down.

How to assemble a chimney

Search queries on how to assemble and how to install a "sandwich" pipe occupy a leading position on construction sites and forums. The people willingly join new technologies, and therefore seek to learn their essence. We live in an era where almost every day is scientific discovery in almost every sector, in every industry, in every walk of life. Therefore, people with conservative views are becoming less and less. The new generation is happy to master all the technologies being introduced, as they understand that they are designed to make a person's life even better.

Therefore, many professional builders maintain their own blogs, where they share their personal experiences. Often their words are supplied with visual photos and video tutorials that make it easier to perceive the information. So now any person with access to the Internet will be able to master almost all professions if they have the desire and free time. There is no need to overpay hired workers for installing a “sandwich” pipe if you can do this procedure yourself, without outside help.

Fastening "sandwich" pipes is provided by their structure. Technologically, parts are separate elements, each of which is inserted into the previous part to form a monolithic structure. All pipes are carefully matched to each other, so no pipes are required for installation. Additional materials. The design turns out to be very durable and without external intervention, nothing threatens its integrity.

Between the pipes there is a layer of thermal insulation, which will minimize the exchange of the working part with environment. Therefore, the design itself was called the American sandwich. Insulation allows you to easily carry out communications in wooden rooms, without fear that the walls will catch fire from high temperatures. The main element in the production of pipes is alloy steel or copper alloys. These parts are used in the internal chimney.

Installation of the outer part of the pipe

The outer can be assembled from other materials. The transition of the "sandwich" of the pipe to the outer part is assembled taking into account the parts used. The main rule that must be observed is that each joint must be completely sealed. Smoke tends to seep into any gap, which is fraught with negative consequences.

If the combustion products are not completely removed outside the premises, this will negatively affect the health of all residents. Smoke will also negatively affect the condition of the house, exerting its destructive effect on all elements with which it will interact.

"Sandwich" on a brick pipe is one of the most common types of joints. This is not surprising, considering that such an external chimney has the best durability and is easy to design and build. The brick is well protected from destructive atmospheric action and is adapted to work with high temperatures. Now we are talking specifically about heat-resistant brick, which is used in the construction of fireplaces, stoves and chimneys.

Work won't take long

Another plus is the ease of working with the material. You do not need to have a lot of experience behind you to assemble a brick chimney. The work will not take much time, and a positive result is guaranteed if masonry technologies are observed. The transition of a brick pipe to a "sandwich" will require a special connecting element.

The fact is that when connecting a rectangle (square) and a circle, it will not be possible to avoid many cracks, no matter how carefully the builder tries to repair them. And a special adapter quickly solves this problem. The product can be made to order according to customer's drawings. Such work will not be expensive, as well as the material for the production of the part.

You can try to make such a unit yourself if you have a sheet of alloy steel of the appropriate size and a welding machine to seal the seams. When making spare parts with your own hands, you will need to make sure that all joints are reliable and do not let air through in order to avoid problems during the operation of the chimney.

Russian stove with firewood crackling inside - a symbol of comfort and good family traditions. The art of laying a brick chimney has been passed down by craftsmen from generation to generation. With the advent of new building technologies and materials, it has become possible to install chimneys that can resist corrosion. If over time it becomes necessary to replace upper part pipes, perform the transition from a brick pipe to a sandwich. Find out the features of dismantling and the principles of building a new chimney.

Features of a brick chimney

A properly installed brick chimney always has excellent draft. If the structure is erected in accordance with the rules, it serves for many years. Destroyed brickwork can block the path of escaping combustion products. To mount a new top, you need to purchase a sandwich pipe with a base of the same diameter as the metal pipe, a deflector and a roofing element to go with the roof.

But first, you should disassemble the old pipe (its upper part). The dismantling of brick chimneys is carried out taking into account the dimensions of the structure and its location. Professional repairers use circular saws, hammer drills, sledgehammers or hydraulic tools when disassembling the barrel. If a pipe is planned to fall, the angle of inclination and the place of fall should be calculated.

The main components of the chimney design are: foundation, trunk (part of the pipe to the roof), cap, tin collar (allows the gas exhaust channel to fit snugly against the roof), otter (part of the pipe extended by 10 cm), neck of the pipe (has the same size as chimney riser), head (a deflector is installed on it, protecting the structure from snow or rain).

The overhead part is laid out in a special way, installed directly on the furnace and contains a valve. It ends 5-6 rows before the overlap between floors. In the fluff zone, the trunk expands by 25-40 cm, however, the cross-sectional area should remain unchanged along the entire length of the structure.

The continuation of the main pipe is made of refractory brick, and at the very top the chimney should narrow to the size of the base of the sandwich pipe.

The order of work is the following.

• A solution is applied to the surface of the bricks, masonry is performed. Then the horizontal and vertical planes are checked by level and suspension. Rectangular masonry is the simplest, the evenness of the masonry can be checked with a metal rectangle.
• The inner surface of the chimney is overwritten so that the joints are airtight.
• Refractory fireclay bricks are ideal for a chimney, they withstand high temperatures and are frost resistant. You can also replace it with a double silicate brick M 150.
• The plug is installed in the first rows of the chimney, the ventilation window is necessary for draft control.
• Closer to the roof, a window is made to clean the pipe from soot.
• A non-combustible material, such as mineral wool, is laid between the roof and the chimney.

How to lay out a brick pipe

For a bath

Good draft, acid neutrality, structural strength and stability are the main requirements for chimneys.

First, a foundation is built of concrete or brick with a height of at least 30 cm. The width of the base is designed 15 cm more than the width of the chimney. The optimal thickness of the channel walls is 10 cm.

Masonry mortars can be lime, gypsum, cement or mixed. A cement mortar is usually used (mixed with cement, sand and water).

The minimum height of the chimney above the roof ridge is 50 cm. The part that rises above the roof is insulated and finished with roofing materials.

for boiler

The flue pipe of the heating boiler needs a sleeve (install steel pipe inside brick). This technique improves traction, strengthens the structure, and reduces the formation of soot. Stainless steel possesses anticorrosive properties that increases service life and a brick trunk. In a round pipe, there is low resistance to the movement of combustion products (compared to a square section of a brick chimney).

Chimneys with a rectangular or round section are suitable for sleeves. The thickness of the sleeve is selected as follows:

• 0.5-0.6 mm if a column is installed;
• 0.6-0.8 mm if a pellet or liquid fuel boiler is installed;
• 0.8-1 mm if a coal or wood burning boiler is installed.

The advantages of the sleeve are obvious, after it is carried out, soot does not accumulate on the walls and condensation does not form.

For metal furnace

If it is planned to build a brick gas outlet for an iron stove, it is necessary to calculate and lay the foundation with an increased margin of safety. Sometimes they make a separate base for such a chimney. A metal furnace and a brick pipe have different heating times, which can reduce draft. The height of the chimney must be 5 m or more, otherwise the draft will be even less. In order for the chimney to be durable, the seams must be thin, no more than 15 mm.

Reinforcement in the cutting area and the otter must not cross the smoke channel.

A refractory pad is laid at the junction of the chimney with the roof. The joint between the pipe and the roof is sealed with silicone sealant.

Fire retardant silicate oven sealant fills gaps and cracks.

Transition from brick pipe to sandwich

For joining old brick and new metal pipe you need to purchase an adapter. This element is square on one side and cylindrical on the other. According to fire safety rules, the adapter has a layer of basalt wool inside.

Such an adapter can be ordered from a tinsmith.

1. When installing, use 2 adapters, one of them is attached to the ceiling above the brick chimney, the second - on the floor of the attic.
2. When installing a sandwich chimney, you must follow building codes. From the inner surface of the sandwich to combustible structures must be at least 38 cm. All this distance must be filled with fireproof material.
3. Sometimes part of the steel channel is launched inside the brick one.
4. During installation, you will need refractory sealants (solutions) for sealing joints. They will also come in handy if the stove began to let in smoke. The material for sealing cracks does not allow combustion products and dust to penetrate into the room even through minor cracks. The mark "heat-resistant" guarantees the resistance of the sealant at high temperatures.
5. When switching from a rectangular to a circular section, a mounting pad and clamps are installed. It is impossible to allow a reduction in the cross section or the formation of protrusions of the structure, otherwise reverse thrust or its absence is possible.

Video: we connect a brick channel and a sandwich pipe

With prolonged use, even a solid brick pipe can become unusable, requiring replacement with a more modern version. Making an adapter from a brick pipe to a sandwich on your own is a laborious process that requires certain skills. Therefore, it is better to order it from professional tinsmiths.

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Usually, work with brick chimneys is carried out by professional stove-makers, who, alas, are not so many left today. But, if you want to do everything yourself, their recommendations will be given below.

They will help you understand the rather complicated process:

1. When laying brick rows, make sure that excess mortar does not protrude into the channel, pick it up constantly. Remember, the smoother the surface, the less soot deposits on it, the better the gases will come out of the furnace, the longer the structure will be used.

A chimney is an integral part of stove heating in a room. Currently, sandwich chimneys are most often used to assemble a chimney, allowing you to mount the chimney channel yourself. To properly install the chimney, you need to know the main types of the device and the rules for assembling the structure.

The main types of stove chimneys

All chimneys can be divided based on the material from which they are made. Currently applied:

1. brick chimney. The main advantages of such chimney channels are high fire resistance and a long service life. The main disadvantages of a brick chimney include the roughness of the inner surface, on which a large amount of foreign matter accumulates and the need to install a separate foundation. The accumulation of substances affects the frequency, and the additional foundation increases the cost of installing the system;

1. iron chimney. The most susceptible to corrosion, therefore, requires additional protection. The design is quite light and cheap. It does not require a separate foundation. Builders most often use chimneys made of stainless steel and assembled into modules. Otherwise, such pipes are called sandwich. Sandwich pipes are assembled from two layers of metal, and non-combustible is laid between them, for example, basalt wool;

1. furnace chimney made of ceramic pipes. It is heavy and requires the installation of an additional foundation. However, ceramic pipes are heat resistant and durable. From such pipes it is possible to construct both internal and external chimneys;

1. chimneys from polymer pipes. They are durable, low cost and easy to install. Most often, polymer chimneys are closed with decorative overlays, for example, made of brick.

The choice of material for the chimney is determined by the characteristics of the heater and the desire of the owner.

Basic rules for installing chimneys

Before installing the chimney, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the following rules:

1. the total height of the chimney pipe from its junction with heating equipment to the final element of the system, which is the head, should be more than 5 m. Otherwise, the chimney will not have enough natural draft to remove harmful substances resulting from combustion;
2. the height of the chimney on the flat roof of the building must be at least 0.5 m. For other roofs and ways to locate the chimney on it, there is a specific diagram shown in the figure;

1. when arranging the transitions of chimney pipes through the walls and roof of the building, all joints with the house must be insulated. For this, non-combustible materials are used that can withstand high temperatures. For example, asbestos sheets;
2. before installing the chimney, you should determine the diameter of the pipe, the required length and shape. The diameter of the chimney depends on the power of the heater and is calculated based on the requirements of GOST. For 1 kW of power, it is recommended to use a pipe with a diameter of 8 cm²;
3. correct installation of chimneys requires absolute tightness of all existing joints. Additional insulation at the joints can be given with a heat-resistant sealant.

All basic rules for installing a chimney must be observed. Otherwise, the system will not work properly, which may cause a fire.

Chimney installation

The most popular types of chimneys are brick chimneys and sandwich chimneys. It is on these examples that we will analyze the main stages of the installation of the structure.

Installation and assembly of a brick chimney

Do-it-yourself installation and assembly of a brick chimney is considered a rather complicated process. Therefore, it is advisable to involve professionals for the installation of the structure. If, nevertheless, the work will be carried out independently, then the installer will need:

• brick;
• components of the tightening solution: cement, sand, lime;
• sealant;
• tools: trowel, mortar spatula, pickaxe, level, tape measure and so on.

Do-it-yourself brick chimney is laid in the following order:

1. since the installation of the chimney is carried out from the junction with the heater, when installing the latter, a solid foundation is made that can withstand the load;
2. the masonry mortar is mixed: 1 part of cement is mixed with 2.5 parts of sand and 1.5 parts of lime;
3. the base under the chimney is cleaned of dirt and dust and wetted with plain water;
4. all rows of bricks must be staggered, avoiding the coincidence of joints in adjacent parts;

1. the first stage of bricklaying ends 6-7 rows to the ceiling;
2. then the so-called cutting is laid out, which maintains the stability of the mounted structure and prevents precipitation from entering the mounted area. The cutting is folded in the form of a pyramid, while the outer diameter of the chimney increases, while the inner one remains unchanged;

The inner diameter of a brick chimney, for strong and stable draft, must be the same throughout the entire length of the structure.

1. when brickwork passes through the roof, on the latter it is necessary to make additional insulation from appropriate materials, for example, roofing material;
2. the chimney at the point of passage through the roof, as well as through the ceiling, increases in outer diameter. To strengthen the roof structure, additional beams are laid at the pipe passage;

1. after leaving the roof, at least 9 more rows of bricks are laid;
2. the junction of the pipe to the roof is closed with a steel apron of a suitable color;
3. a cap is installed at the top of the chimney, protecting the system from moisture and foreign objects.

When laying the chimney, do not forget about the arrangement of openings for cleaning.

Not all people like the look of brickwork. How to make a chimney beautiful? To do this, you can use, for example, tile slabs or plaster.

Installation and assembly of a chimney from a sandwich pipe

Installation of a chimney from a sandwich pipe, unlike a brick one, does not require special skills and can be done independently. This will require:

• the required number of sandwich pipes and adapters;
• beams for strengthening the wall and roof in the places where the structure passes;
• sealant for additional insulation of joints;
• materials that isolate the passage of the chimney;
• tools: screwdriver, jigsaw, level, tape measure and so on.

The chimney is installed according to the following scheme:

1. the lower part of the chimney is attached to the heating equipment;
2. the structure is going up to the ceiling;

The junction of the pipes should not be located outside the visibility of a person, since in the event of a violation of the tightness of the structure, it will be difficult to find out the place of its violation.

1. the chimney through the wall or ceiling should only pass in a fortified place. Beams are used for this;
2. the junction of the pipe and the wall of the house is insulated with resistant to high temperature materials. This will help prevent a fire.

1. when arranging the passage through the wall, a special elbow is used, which is subsequently connected to adjacent parts of the chimney. The knee is attached to the wall or ceiling with brackets;

1. the passage of the chimney through the roof is equipped with an additional element of the system, called cutting;
2. a metal apron is attached to the roof cutting, protecting the system from moisture ingress;
3. the final elements of the chimney are installed: a pipe of the required length and a head;
4. All pipe joints are sealed.

When assembling a chimney from sandwich pipes, due attention should be paid to sealing the structure.

From the foregoing, it is clear that the assembly and installation of the chimney on your own is possible. The main thing is to correctly calculate the design, install it according to all standards and constantly monitor its performance.