How Biryuk explains his attitude to work. I.S. Turgenev "Biryuk": description, characters, analysis of the story. Heroes and problems of the story

Summary of a literature lesson in 7th grade

Subject:“Fate, duty, compassion... or Why people are unhappy” (based on the story “Biryuk” by I. S. Turgenev).
Target: analysis of the story by I. S. Turgenev “Biryuk”.
Tasks:
show the writer’s skill in creating portrait characteristics;
develop skills in research work with text;
develop logical thinking, observation,
develop and enrich students’ speech;
create conditions for nurturing a sense of love for nature and people.

Equipment: textbook, notebook, presentation, illustrations for the work, portraits of the writer.
Technologies used: person-oriented; problem-search.
Methodological techniques: conversation, reading, working with a textbook, watching a presentation.
Basic concepts: hero, portrait, interior, description.
Interdisciplinary connections: story.

But what could be interesting?
in a rude, uneducated person?
Like what? – His soul, mind, heart, everything
the same as in an educated person.
V. G. Belinsky
Lesson structure
I. Organizational moment.
The purpose of the stage: creating an emotional mood for the lesson.
- Hello. Let's get ready to work. Shake hands with those who read the introductory article in the textbook about I. S. Turgenev for today’s lesson.
- Put your hand to your heart, those who have read the story of I. S. Turgenev.
-Clap for those who want to get an excellent mark for today's lesson.
-Well done, thank you. Slide number 1
II. Work on the topic of the lesson.
Purpose of the stage: analysis of the story by I. S. Turgenev “Biryuk”

1. Conversation.
Purpose of the stage: Preparation for perception.
- Which writer and author of which work do we see on this slide? (I. S. Turgenev, author of “Notes of a Hunter”).

I. S. Turgenev began working on “Notes of a Hunter” in 1847; they were published in 1852. The collection includes 25 stories.
In all works there is the same hero - Pyotr Petrovich. This is a nobleman from the village of Spasskoye. He talks about incidents that happened to him during a hunt. That’s why the collection is called “Notes of a Hunter”
When creating it, Turgenev relied on his own impressions of the life of peasants in the Oryol province. Many of the characters mentioned in the stories were familiar to the author.
Slide number 2
Slide number 3
2. Working with the textbook.
Goal of the stage: expanding knowledge about I. S. Turgenev.
- We got acquainted with the work of I. S. Turgenev in previous classes. What facts do you remember?
- Now I suggest you once again turn to the writer’s biography and fill in the gaps. (Pages 238 - 240)
3. Motivation
- Why was Turgenev so interested in peasants? What exactly did the classic see in the peasantry?
4. Creation of a problematic situation.
- Today we will also try to walk the hunting path together with Turgenev and we will also... (find out someone’s secret)
- Whose? (the secret of Biryuk, the hero of Turgenev’s story of the same name).
- What questions would you like to answer in class today?
5. Target setting.
Purpose of the stage: setting lesson goals.
Let's try to understand the character of the main character;
We will definitely find the answer to the question of why Turgenev was so interested in the fate of Biryuk that he gave him a central place in his work.

6. Conversation.

Purpose of the stage: preparation for analysis.
- Remember what points are traditionally included in the description (name, portrait, marital status, attitude to work, relationships with other characters, the author’s attitude towards his hero, etc.)
- What details of Biryuk’s image do we know? List.
- Name
- Portrait
- Biryuk’s attitude to work
- Attitude towards Biryuk of peasant peasants (including the thief)
- Biryuk’s attitude towards the peasant thief
- Biryuk’s life, his marital status
- So, now we have serious work ahead of us.
Slide number 4
7. Text analysis. Characteristics. Implementation of the educational goal of the lesson.
- What is Biryuk's real name? His name is Foma Kuzmich, but everyone calls him Biryuk.
- What does the nickname Biryuk mean? Biryuk is a nickname (a lonely and gloomy person). Biryuk is called a WOLF.
- Who nicknamed the forester Biryuk? That's what the men called the forester.
- How does the master, Turgenev, know his nickname? (Page 242. “from my Ermolai and from others I often heard stories about the forester Biryuk...”).
- What conclusion can be drawn? He doesn’t communicate with anyone, he’s gloomy, they don’t like him, he’s lonely, he’s considered a wolf, a beast, you can feel sorry for the hero.

Portrait
Well done, tall, broad-shouldered, well built, powerful muscles, black beard, stern and courageous face, bold eyes. Severe, courageous, handsome
- What does Turgenev like about Biryuk’s appearance? Well done “tall, broad-shouldered and well built”, “mighty muscles”, “stern and courageous face”, “eyes looked boldly”, “strong and dexterous like a demon”, a hero. He is not afraid of thunderstorms, he himself is a “thunderstorm” for thieves.

V. G. Belinsky in his critical article “A Look at Russian Literature of 1847” asks the question: “... what could be interesting in a rude, uneducated person?” We will try to answer this question at the end of the lesson. Slide number 5

Biryuk's attitude to work
A master of his craft, he won’t let bundles of brush be stolen, he doesn’t let anyone off the hook, he doesn’t eat the master’s bread for nothing. Very strict, cruel,
conscientious worker
How does Biryuk explain his attitude to work to Turgenev? Very conscientious, incorruptible.

Why do peasant peasants have to steal in the forest? He tried to explain to Biryuk the reason why he came to the forest to steal: “out of hunger, ruined, out of hunger, children squeaking, need.”

Attitude of peasant peasants to Biryuk(including the thief)
They want to escape the light, but it is not possible. The man-thief calls him a bloodsucker, a murderer, a beast (3 times) They hate him, they want to kill him, we sympathize with him
Why do men hate Biryuk? It is precisely because he does his work responsibly and honestly and does not allow theft that the peasants do not communicate with him. They don’t like him for his severity, honesty and even harshness; they consider him a wolf, a beast. “More than once good people were going to drive him away from the world.”
- What does the man-thief he caught call Biryuk? The man-thief calls him a bloodsucker, a murderer, a beast (3 times).

Biryuk’s attitude towards the peasant thief Caught him during a crime, tied him with a sash and wants to punish him, but still lets him go, pushes him out of the hut, Cruel, but regrets,
understands the man’s trouble and lets him go, takes the blame upon himself
- Does Biryuk understand why the man came to steal the forest? Despite the fact that Foma himself is in the same position, he answers the man that you still shouldn’t steal.

Does Biryuk feel sorry for the thief or not? Cruel, but regrets
-Who will be punished for cutting down a tree? Biryuk says in a conversation with a man: “I, too, am a forced person, they will exact punishment from me.”

Why does Biryuk let the thief go? Is it easy for him to make such a decision? Is it easy to protect the master's forest? Foma himself lives just as poorly as a peasant, he understands the peasant, sympathizes with him, Foma knows how to sympathize, empathize, he is kind. Forgives the peasant cruel insults: “bloodsucker, murderer, beast.” No, Biryuk is not a bloodsucker, he is not evil. He understands the man’s trouble and lets him go, taking the blame upon himself.

Biryuk’s life, his marital status. The wife ran away and lives with two children: a 12-year-old girl, an infant. The hut is low, empty, poverty, no bread and tea, the wife could not stand Biryuk’s character. responsible for his children
very poor, unhappy, the author pities him
- What feelings does Turgenev experience when he sees how Biryuk lives? “The forester’s hut consisted of one room, smoky, low and empty.” "Tattered sheepskin coat." There is nothing to eat. Two children. “I looked around, and my heart ached.”
-Is Biryuk happy?
- Why did his wife run away from him?

8. Comparison of parts. The “unfinished thesis” technique.
- Now try to compare everything we have said in one sentence, On the one hand, Biryuk__________________________________________________________,
but in other way,
__________________________________________________________________, BECAUSE________________
On the one hand, Biryuk is lonely, poor, unhappy, abandoned, understanding, courageous, a conscientious worker, one can feel sorry for him, but on the other hand, he is cruel, strict, they want to exterminate him from the world.
- So, we have already partially recognized Biryuk. What kind of person does he appear to us? (good, smart, conscientious).
- But only one word remained incomprehensible to us - REASON, which does not allow him to open up to the men, so that they understand what he really is.
Slide number 6
Slide number 7
9. Search for the cause of the phenomenon
- Is Biryuk doing something against his will? (yes, he detains the thief - an unfortunate man - and is going to punish him)
- Who and why forces this strong, courageous man to act against his will, forces him to carry out his orders? (master, landowner, because Biryuk is a SERPOR)
- So we found the reason why Biryuk is cruel, gloomy, and unnecessarily harsh. Select the keywords for the word SERVE (which one? Not free, must follow the master’s orders) Slide No. 7
10. Revealing the secret. The “unfinished thesis” technique.
- Can we now reveal Biryuk’s secret? (Yes)
- Now try to put it in writing and complete the sentence using keywords.
Biryuk's secret is that he is a good and kind person, but since he is a serf, he must obey the master and be cruel to the peasants, so they hate him
Slide number 8 - 13
11. Author's position
- Do you think Turgenev was able to reveal Biryuk’s secret?
- How does Turgenev evaluate Biryuk’s action towards the thief? (he calls Biryuk “nice fellow,” that is, he understands what Biryuk really is like).
- Let's now try to answer the question asked by Belinsky. Try to finish the sentence.
...what could be interesting about a rude, uneducated person?
Like what? – His soul, mind, heart, everything is the same as in an educated person.
Slide number 14
12. The mystery of Turgenev. The “unfinished thesis” technique.
- Yes, indeed, Turgenev was one of the first Russian writers who understood the spiritual strength and beauty of serfs and told the world about it.
-And now I will lift the veil of secrets of Turgenev himself. He wanted the words carved on his monument that his _________________served the cause of liberating peasants from serfdom. Insert the missing word (book “Notes of a Hunter”)
It is known that in the decision of Tsar Alexander II (pupil of V.A. Zhukovsky) to free the peasants in 1861, “Notes of a Hunter” played a big role. This is how literature influences history.
Slide number 15
Slide number 16
III. Lesson summary. Implementation of the educational goal of the lesson.
Purpose of the stage: summing up the lesson.
1. Conversation
- One of Turgenev’s former serfs recalled some time later: “My grandmother and mother told me that almost all the persons mentioned in “Notes of a Hunter” were not fictitious, but copied from living people, even their names were real: there was Ermolai..., there was Biryuk, who was killed in the forest by his own peasants..."
Still, the kind, courageous, honest Biryuk died at the hands of his own peasants. And the question arises: why did such a glorious person, gifted by nature with many positive qualities, live in poverty, in conditions that evoke pity? The master valued Biryuk and trusted him with his forest. Why does Biryuk live no better than the rest of the peasants? Why did he die because he was doing his job honestly? Who is to blame for this (or what)?

(answer: Biryuk says: “I am a forced man.” How forced? Just as forced as other peasants - he is a serf. And the master, apparently, is very greedy, because he rips off his peasants to the skin, and they are forced to steal in order to feed . And even about Biryuk, whom the master values as a worker whom he trusts, he does not care. And even collects arrears from him. Serfdom is to blame for the terrible life of people and for the death of Biryuk. Because of him, the peasants starved and stole. Because Biryuk carefully guarded the forest and did not allow the peasants to steal. But life was very difficult for the serfs, they had no other choice but to steal, and Biryuk was a hindrance, so they killed him).

Serfdom. There is no direct protest against him in the work. And yet the story is an indictment of serfdom (the idea of the work). And not only to serfdom, but also to violence against a person’s personality in general. When do we feel that Turgenev is telling us about this?

(answer: we feel this in the words of the peasant-thief, when in despair he shouts out accusations against Biryuk, and the image of Biryuk is a protest against serfdom and violence against man).

Try to answer the question formulated in the topic of the lesson? Why are Biryuk and other peasants, the heroes of the story, unhappy?

2. Reflection.
- What knowledge did you gain in class today?
- What did you do to please the teacher and classmates during the lesson?
- How do you feel about the lesson?

Guys, I thank you for the lesson and wish each of you to have a big and kind heart and always maintain human dignity.
IV. Homework.
The purpose of the stage: communication and explanation of the content of homework.
Read pages 250 – 253.
Optional: draw an illustration for the work.
Literature.
1. Didenko Inna Valerievna, GBOU secondary school No. 451 Kolpinsky district. Lesson summary based on the story by I. S. Turgenev “Biryuk”
2. Zaitseva L. A. Summary of a literature lesson based on the story by I. S. Turgenev “Biryuk”, 7th grade.
3. Pokrovkova Natalya Nikolaevna, Deputy Director for Water Resources, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution “Secondary School No. 2 named after. E. V. Kamysheva.”
4. Literature. 7th grade: textbook for general education organizations with an application on electronic media/V. Y. Korovina, V. P. Zhuravlev, V. I. Korovin. – M.: Education, 2014.

Publication date: 15.11.2014

Short description: Lesson on the work of I.S. Turgenev “Biryuk” LESSON OBJECTIVES: Ι. Subject 1) to develop skills in writing characteristics of literature

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Lesson on the work of I.S. Turgenev "Biryuk"

“...what could be interesting about a rude, uneducated person?”

LESSON OBJECTIVES: Ι. Subject

Reveal the main idea of the work through analysis of the characteristics of the main character

ΙI. meta-subject

Develop creative thinking

ΙII. Personal

Teacher's word.

The story "Biryuk" was written in 1847. When creating this work, like the entire “Notes of a Hunter” cycle, Turgenev relied on his own impressions of the life of peasants in the Oryol province. Many of the characters mentioned in the stories were familiar to the author. On the estate of Turgenev's mother there was a forester Biryuk, who was killed in the forest by his own peasants.

Epigraph for the lesson

“...what could be interesting about a rude, uneducated person?”

V.G. Belinsky

Working with an epigraph. Answer this question.

What is the purpose of our lesson? (find out the main idea of the work)

What is the name of the work

Through whom will we see this idea if the work is named after the nickname of the main character?

We need to characterize the hero

And when we characterize a person, what do we look at? (portrait, family life, attitude to work)

2. Pre-understanding stage. Fill out the table. Questions, impressions, attitude towards the main character. (application)

Voice your questions.

What is the contradictory feature and mystery of the hero, why does the author talk about this particular hero, and for example not about the man who cut down the tree. (problematic question)

Question from the teacher

Why is so much attention paid to the description of the thunderstorm at the beginning of the work? (problematic question.)

Work in groups.

You can use prompt questions to analyze the details and evaluate them.

Part Analysis

His name is Foma Kuzmich, but everyone calls him Biryuk. Biryuk is a nickname (a lonely and gloomy person). That's what the men called the forester. Biryuk is called a WOLF

doesn’t communicate with anyone, is gloomy, doesn’t like him

lonely, he is considered a wolf, a beast, one can feel sorry for the hero

Questions - tips:

What is Biryuk's real name?

What does the nickname Biryuk mean?

How does the master, Turgenev, know his nickname?

Well done, tall, broad-shouldered, well built, powerful muscles, black beard, stern and courageous face, bold eyes

Severe, courageous, handsome

Questions - tips:

What does Turgenev like about Biryuk’s appearance? How does he appear before the story, find the portrait

V.G. Belinsky in his critical article “A Look at Russian Literature of 1847” asks the question: “... what could be interesting in a rude, uneducated person?” We will try to answer this question at the end of the lesson.

Biryuk's attitude to work

A master of his craft, he won’t let bundles of brushwood be stolen, he won’t let anyone off the hook, he won’t eat the master’s bread for nothing.

Very strict, cruel,

conscientious worker

Questions - tips:

How does Biryuk explain his attitude to work to Turgenev?

They want to escape the light, but it is not possible. The man-thief calls him a bloodsucker, a murderer, a beast (3 times)

They hate him, they want to kill him, we sympathize with him

Questions - tips:

Why do men hate Biryuk? What caused the man’s anger, his threats, his hatred of Biryuk? (despair).

He caught him during a crime, tied him with a sash and wants to punish him, but still lets him go, pushes him out of the hut

Cruel, but regrets

understands the man’s trouble and lets him go, takes the blame upon himself

Questions - tips:

Does Biryuk feel sorry for the thief or not?

Why does Biryuk let the thief go? Is it easy for him to make such a decision? Is it easy to protect the master's forest?

The wife ran away and lives with two children: a 12-year-old girl, an infant. The hut is low, empty, poverty, no bread and tea

the wife could not stand Biryuk’s character. responsible for his children

Questions - tips:

What feelings does Turgenev experience when he sees how Biryuk lives?

Is Biryuk happy?

Why did his wife run away from him?

Let's turn to the landscape. We said that the author pays attention to the thunderstorm. Read this description. First, a description of nature when a thunderstorm is approaching, then a description of the thunderstorm itself.

How does the narrator behave during a thunderstorm? The way you act

when is the storm coming?

How does Biryuk behave?

(he is not afraid, this is his element; he is not afraid and even comfortable, he walks easily under lightning, calms the horse.)

Why do you think? (He is a man of nature, he feels better in the forest with nature than with people).

And why exactly the thunderstorm, it’s like -nib. associated with his internal state.

Biryuk is the terror of thieves. A thunderstorm will break out in his house. Thunderstorm - a man’s psychological state, his fear, despair, anger.)

11. Comparison of parts. The “unfinished thesis” technique.

Now try to compare everything we have said in one sentence, using the data in the 3rd column:

On the one hand, Biryuk_________________________________________________________,

but in other way,

BECAUSE_______________________________________________________________

On the one hand, Biryuk is lonely, poor, unhappy, abandoned, understanding, courageous, a conscientious worker, one can feel sorry for him, but on the other hand, he is cruel, strict, they want to exterminate him from the world.

So, we have already partially recognized Biryuk. What kind of person does he appear to us? (good, smart, conscientious).

But only one word remained incomprehensible to us - REASON, which does not allow him to open up to the men, so that they understand what he really is.

12. Search for the cause of the phenomenon

Is Biryuk doing something against his will? (yes, he detains the thief - an unfortunate man - and is going to punish him)

But who and why forces this strong, courageous man to act against his will, forces him to carry out his orders? (master, landowner, because Biryuk is a SERPOR)

So we found the reason why Biryuk is cruel, gloomy, and excessively harsh. Select the keywords for the word SERVE (which one? Not free, must follow the master’s orders)

On the one hand, Biryuk is lonely, poor, unhappy, abandoned, understanding, courageous, and a conscientious worker.

But on the other hand, he is cruel, strict, they want to kill him.

To understand the reason why men don’t understand what Biryuk really is, I suggest you remember the hero of the previously read story “Mumu” (Gerasim).

What are the similarities between Gerasim and Biryuk? Right. They are serfs.

So, Biryuk is a serf, he must obey the master and be cruel to the peasants, so they hate him.

13. Revealing the secret. The “unfinished thesis” technique.

Can we now reveal the mystery and peculiarity of the image of Biryuk Biryuk? (Yes)

Now try to put it in writing and complete the sentence using keywords.

Biryuk's secret is that he is a good and kind person, but since he is a serf, he must obey the master and be cruel to the peasants, so they hate him

(The external conflict is the clash between the thief and Biryuk. The internal conflict is within the main character himself - his sense of duty conflicts with the feeling of compassion for the thief’s situation. The feeling of pity and compassion wins. Without the conflict, there would be no development of the plot).

Optional: reflect on the question: Do you think Biryuk’s life will change after this act?

The hero of the story is truly unsociable and withdrawn. Life made him this way: his position as a forester, the hatred of men, loneliness. Turgenev believes that a person who is close to nature, who loves and understands it cannot become embittered. It is the closeness to nature, unity with it, the natural beauty of the hero that the author emphasizes.

A person who is close to nature, who loves and understands it, cannot become embittered, he is capable of compassion and be merciful. Man is one with nature).

Let us now try to answer the question asked by Belinsky. Try to finish the sentence.

...what could be interesting about a rude, uneducated person?

Like what? - His soul, mind, heart, everything is the same as in an educated person.

Compare the characteristics at the beginning of the lesson. Has your opinion about him changed?

Did you look at this person differently?

Tell me, if we now create a characterization of Biryuk, will it be different from the characterization that we gave him at the beginning of the lesson?

Summarizing.

What is the main idea of this work?

“A man must be freed from serfdom” - this is the leitmotif of the story. Turgenev admires the beauty of the Russian soul peasants.

Do you think Turgenev understood his hero? ……It is no coincidence that he gives him a central place in his work. Turgenev was one of the first Russian writers who felt the spiritual strength and beauty of the serfs and told about this to the whole world in his stories.

He wanted the words carved on his monument that his book “Notes of a Hunter” contributed to the liberation of peasants from serfdom.

Homework:

CM. Petrov

V.A. Chalmaev

Applications. Work on characteristics in groups.

Part Analysis

Evaluating details - Biryuk’s character traits, your attitude towards the hero

Questions - tips:

What is Biryuk's real name?

What does the nickname Biryuk mean? (look at the dictionary, copy it from the dictionary)

Why do they prefer to call a forester not by his name, but by his nickname?

How does the gentleman, the hunter, know his nickname?

Part Analysis

Evaluating details - Biryuk’s character traits, your attitude towards the hero

Appearance

Questions - tips:

Write out all the elements of the portrait from the text.

How and where the forester appears in front of the narrator. Find in the text

Part Analysis

Evaluating details - Biryuk’s character traits, your attitude towards the hero

Biryuk's attitude to work

Questions - tips:

Why do peasant peasants have to steal in the forest?

Part Analysis

Evaluating details - Biryuk’s character traits, your attitude towards the hero

Attitude of peasant peasants (including the thief) to Biryuk

Questions - tips:

Why do men hate Biryuk?

What does the man-thief he caught call Biryuk?

What caused the man’s anger, his threats, his hatred of Biryuk?

Part Analysis

Evaluating details - Biryuk’s character traits, your attitude towards the hero

Biryuk’s attitude towards the peasant thief

Questions - tips:

Does Biryuk understand why the man came to steal the forest?

Does Biryuk feel sorry for the thief or not?

Who will be punished for cutting down a tree?

Why does Biryuk let the thief go?

Part Analysis

Evaluating details - Biryuk’s character traits, your attitude towards the hero

Biryuk’s life, his marital status

Questions - tips:

Why did his wife run away from him?

Is Biryuk happy?

Write down the questions that arose while reading the work.

Write down your first impression of Biryuk, your attitude towards him after reading the work

What is the mystery, the mystery of the image of Biryuk? What is the contradiction of this hero? What makes it special?

Work at the pre-understanding stage.

Homework: written work (reasoning).

Compare the assessment of the hero of I.S. Turgenev’s story “Biryuk” by researchers S.M. Petrov and V.A. Chalmaev. Think about which point of view you would subscribe to? Why? Justify your choice.

Material for homework.

CM. Petrov

“...The stern, unyielding, mysterious Biryuk appears in the story in the flash of lightning, in the noise of a thunderstorm, against the backdrop of a gloomy forest. In the area they talk about the forester as a thunderstorm for men. He really does not give in to the choppers, but not because he is servilely devoted to the interests of the lord and is alien to his brother the peasant. Biryuk is simply a man of duty and considers himself obligated to take care of the property entrusted to him...

Biryuk’s moods contain a lot of gloomy, unspoken, hidden things. Now he is a formidable forester. And tomorrow, by his nature, he can become a rebel and the men, just like now - the master, will be able to rely on him ... "

V.A. Chalmaev

“...Forester Biryuk lives among the peasant world, knows all its troubles and needs, sees the often forced “pampering”, i.e. theft in the forest. He is strict and incorruptible. This is a fanatic of duty. “And nothing can take him: neither wine, nor money, nor any kind of bait,” men from the surrounding villages say about him. ...The old world rests on fear, trembling, fear of sin, it is collapsing, and Biryuk, like a titan, wants to support the collapsing firmament with extreme severity, mercilessness towards “pampering.”

The hero has developed a partly annoying, but also sweet habit of little power... the habit and taste for power can have a continuation, bleak for the people. They can degenerate into fanaticism and mercilessness. Or maybe the patriarchal soul of Biryuk will not withstand the role of “alone in the field of war” and he will take off and join wandering Rus', monastic Rus'?..”

Homework: written work (reasoning).

Material for homework.

CM. Petrov

V.A. Chalmaev

Self-analysis of the lesson

The lesson is based on the communicative-activity approach in the technology of literary education by S.P. Davlinsky

“...what could be interesting about a rude, uneducated person?”

LESSON OBJECTIVES: Ι. Subject

Reveal the main idea of the work through analysis of the characteristics of the main character

1) to develop skills in writing a characterization of a literary hero; text analysis;

2) develop skills in research work with text;

3) repeat and consolidate the skills of working with the text of a work of art;

ΙI. meta-subject

1) develop and enrich students’ oral speech;

23) develop the ability to generalize what has been learned;

Develop creative thinking

ΙII. Personal

1) cultivate a sensitive attitude to the artistic word;

2) cultivate a humane attitude towards people;

3) cultivate admiration for the beauty of nature

Assistant teacher who does not impose interpretations

The technology has its own stages and methods.

Stage 1 pre-understanding questions, impressions()

2 analyzes from part to whole, problem analysis, image, characteristics of each part led to an idea

3 interpretations voicing the idea of the original, comparison with one’s initial reflection

METHODS: creative reading, method of identifying points of pre-understanding, analytical method, conversation-dialogue, method of interpretation

Federal State Educational Standards group, choral work, d.z. creative nature, goal setting and choice of path of analysis, self-work, differentiation, reflection

Technologies used:

ICT, problem-based learning, literature education SP Lavlinsky

All educational universal actions are affected, these are personal and regulatory and communicative and regulatory

Eaenzholova E.S. MOAU "Secondary School No. 54"

If the material does not suit you, use the search

Story by I.S. Turgenev "Biryuk" is included in the collection of stories "Notes of a Hunter". It is generally accepted that the approximate time of its creation is 1848-50s, since the writer began working on the stories in the 1840s, and published the complete collection in 1852.

The collection is united by the presence of one “off-screen” main character-narrator. This is a certain Pyotr Petrovich, a nobleman who in some stories is a mute witness to events, in others a full-fledged participant. “Biryuk” is one of those stories where events take place around Pyotr Petrovich and with his participation.

Story Analysis

Plot, composition

Unlike most writers of that time, who portrayed peasants as a faceless gray mass, the author in each essay notes some special feature of peasant life, therefore all the works combined in the collection gave a bright and multifaceted picture of the peasant world.

A genre work stands on the border between a story and an essay (the title “note” emphasizes the sketchiness of the work). The plot is another episode from the life of Pyotr Petrovich. The events described in Biryuk are presented by Pyotr Petrovich in the form of a monologue. An avid hunter, he once got lost in the forest and got caught in a downpour in the evening twilight. The forester he meets, a figure known in the village for his gloominess and unsociability, invites Pyotr Petrovich home to wait out the bad weather. The rain subsided, and the forester heard the sound of an ax in the silence - someone was stealing the forest he was protecting. Pyotr Petrovich wanted to go with the forester “to detention”, to see how he works. Together they caught the “thief,” who turned out to be a poor little peasant, disheveled and in rags. It was clear that the man began to steal timber not because of a good life, and the narrator began to ask Biryuk to let the thief go. For a long time, Pyotr Petrovich had to persuade the principled forester, getting into a fight between Biryuk and the detainee. Unexpectedly, the forester released the caught man, taking pity on him.

Heroes and problems of the story

The main character of the work is Biryuk, a serf forester who zealously and fundamentally protects the master’s forest. His name is Foma Kuzmich, but people in the village treat him with hostility and give him a nickname for his stern, unsociable character.

It is no coincidence that the forester’s character is drawn from the words of a nobleman witness - Pyotr Petrovich still understands Biryuk better than the villagers, for him his character is quite explainable and understandable. It is clear why the villagers are hostile to Biryuk, and why no one is to blame for this enmity. The forester mercilessly catches the “thieves,” claiming that in the village there is “a thief upon a thief,” and they keep climbing into the forest out of despair, out of incredible poverty. The villagers keep ascribing some kind of imaginary “power” to Biryuk and threatening to take it away, completely forgetting that he is just an honest performer of work and “doesn’t eat the master’s bread for nothing.”

Biryuk himself is as poor as the peasants he captures - his home is miserable and sad, filled with desolation and disorder. Instead of a bed - a pile of rags, dim light from a torch, lack of food except bread. There is no landlady - she ran away with a visiting tradesman, leaving her husband and two children (one of them is just a baby and, apparently, sick - he breathes “noisily and quickly” in his cradle, a girl of about 12 is caring for an infant).

Biryuk himself is a real Russian hero, with powerful muscles and a cap of dark curls. He is a correct, principled, honest and lonely person - this is repeatedly emphasized by his nickname. Loneliness in life, loneliness in his beliefs, loneliness due to his duty and being forced to live in the forest, loneliness among people - Biryuk evokes sympathy and respect.

The man who is caught as a thief evokes only pity, because, in contrast to Biryuk, he is petty, pathetic, justifying his theft by hunger and the need to feed a large family. The men are ready to blame anyone for their poverty - from the master to the same Biryuk. In a fit of evil sincerity, he calls the forester a murderer, a bloodsucker and a beast, and rushes at him.

It would seem that two socially equal people - both poor, both serfs, both with the responsibilities of a family man - to feed children, but the man steals, and the forester does not, and therefore one may not believe in the description given by fellow villagers to the forester. Only those whom he prevented from stealing can call him a “beast”, “murderer”, “bloodsucker”.

The title of the story contains the nickname of the main character, which indicates not at all the character of the forester, but the circumstances in which he lives hopelessly; to his place, which people have assigned to him. Serfs do not live richly, and honest serfs in the service of the master are also forced to be alone, since they are not understood by their own brothers.

Biryuk lets the man go out of compassion - feeling has prevailed over reason and principles. Pyotr Petrovich offers to reimburse the cost of the tree the man felled, since the foresters, who did not keep track of the theft, had to pay for the damage from their own pockets. Despite the fine that threatens him, Biryuk commits a human act and it is clear that he feels relief.

“Biryuk,” like the rest of the stories in “Notes of a Hunter,” is a collection of images of peasants, each of whom is famous for some aspect of his character, his actions or talents. The terrifying plight of these talented and strong people, which does not allow them to open up, to care about at least something other than the search for food and pushes them to commit crimes - this is the main problem of the story, voiced by the author.