Natural factors of nature (sun, air and water) in exercise therapy occupy a relatively smaller place than physical exercises. They are used as a means of healing and hardening the body. Hardening is a set of methods for purposefully increasing the functional reserves of the body and its resistance to the adverse effects of physical environmental factors (low or high temperatures of air, water, low atmospheric pressure, etc.) through a systematic training dose of these factors.
Hardening is one of the most important areas of prevention, an integral part of health promotion activities at home, sanatoriums and rest homes, boarding houses. Hardening is carried out in the following forms: a) sun hardening; b) air hardening and c) water hardening (body wiping, contrast shower, swimming in open water).
Questions for self-test:
1. Name the fixed assets of exercise therapy.
2. Name the forms of hardening.
Additional remedies for exercise therapy
Mechanotherapy(classes on simulators, block installations). Depending on the technique, these exercises act in isolation on separate segments of the musculoskeletal system. The therapeutic effect is enhanced by precise localization and dosing. A special place is occupied by exercises on devices of the pendulum type (to restore mobility in the joints), block type (both to facilitate movements and to increase muscle strength). In recent years, exercise equipment has been widely used to improve overall performance. The technique of exercise gymnastics depends on the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the joints, the degree of their functional insufficiency, as well as on the characteristics of the musculo-ligamentous apparatus. Classes are carried out with damage to the affected joint and with a gradual increase in the load.
Their special value lies in the fact that, including certain exercises, they can be dosed according to strength, tempo, amplitude of movement; at the same time, unloading of the spine occurs, and this is extremely important for diseases such as spondylosis, osteochondrosis of the spine, scoliosis, coxarthrosis, functional disorders of posture, various injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system, especially in the postoperative period.
Rice. one. An approximate LH complex to restore the function of the elbow joint.
Occupational therapy (occupational therapy). The tasks of occupational therapy: restoration of lost functions through the use of differentiated types of labor; restoration of professional and household skills (self-service, movement, etc.) and social reintegration (employment, material and household support, return to the workforce); providing a general strengthening and psychological effect on the patient's body. In occupational therapy, various types of activities are used: work in the garden and vegetable garden (in the winter in a greenhouse), cleaning the premises, weaving, sewing, carpentry and locksmith work, modeling, etc. When using occupational therapy, the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the patient should be taken into account, and the selection of movements should be is based on the nature of the disease and the characteristics of its course, which determines the dosage, complexity and starting position when performing labor processes (exercises). Exercises should be performed for a long time, systematically, with a gradually increasing load. Exercises (operations) that can lead to the consolidation of a vicious (unnecessary for this profession) motor stereotype should be avoided. The main factors (aspects) of occupational therapy (based on the materials of the UN Economic and Social Department) are as follows: restoration of motor functions, work skills and training in daily activities; manufacturing (together with prosthetists) of the simplest devices that help develop self-service skills; determination of the degree of restoration of professional working capacity.
Occupational therapy has two main areas: occupation and occupational therapy.
Labor is filling the patient's free time with drawing, modeling, making souvenirs that improve the psycho-emotional state of the patient in the hospital.
Labor therapy - the use of various labor processes, labor operations for therapeutic purposes.
There are three main forms of labor therapy: restorative labor activity aimed at preventing movement disorders or restoring impaired functions; occupational therapy aimed at general strengthening, maintaining the functional state and working capacity in the event of a prolonged course of the disease; industrial occupational therapy, preparing the patient for professional work (activity), carried out in conditions close to production (on machines, simulators, stands, etc.).
Massage
, like physical exercises, due to reflex connections, it affects the entire body and, especially, the circulatory system, ligamentous-muscular and articular apparatus. Massage accelerates reparative processes, improves metabolism and stimulates callus formation.
Games (play exercises)
Games in exercise therapy are divided into 4 groups increasing in terms of load: 1) games on the spot; 2) sedentary; 3) movable; 4) sports. Οʜᴎ allow the use of a selective effect, a fairly accurate dosage of the intensity of exercises, versatile in their influence on the volitional qualities of patients. Games are used to normalize functions or fix various compensations.
Natural factors of nature are used in the following forms: a) solar irradiation in the process of exercise therapy and sunbathing as a method of hardening; b) aeration during exercise therapy and air baths as a method of hardening; c) partial and general douches, rubdowns and hygienic showers, swimming in fresh water bodies and in the sea.
The most favorable environmental conditions and wider opportunities for the use of remedies for exercise therapy are available in resorts and sanatoriums, where movement, sun, air and water are powerful factors in the patient's recovery.
Hardening- a set of methods for purposefully increasing the functional reserves of the body and its resistance to the adverse effects of physical environmental factors (low or high temperature of air, water, low atmospheric pressure, etc.) through a systematic training dose of these factors.
Hardening is one of the most important areas of prevention, an integral part of health promotion activities in sanatoriums, rest homes, boarding houses. Hardening can be considered as adaptation, which is achieved through the systematic repeated exposure of one or another physical factor to the body, which causes the restructuring of metabolism and some physiological functions aimed at ensuring homeostasis; at the same time, neurohumoral and metabolic processes are improved in various organs and systems.
Hardening is specific, ᴛ.ᴇ. is determined by a gradual decrease in the body's sensitivity only to the action of a certain physical factor.
The human body, despite the versatile impact of external factors, has a high ability to maintain
the constancy of its internal environment (blood composition, body temperature, etc.), at which only its vital activity is possible. The slightest violation of this constancy is already indicative of a disease.
A seasoned person has a high vitality, is not susceptible to diseases, in any conditions he is able to remain calm, cheerful, optimistic.
The most effective are systematic hardening trainings using the influence of various natural and climatic factors.
When starting to harden with air, water and the sun, it is extremely important to consider the following.
It is extremely important to start hardening with the simplest forms (air baths, rubdown, dousing with cool water, etc.) and only after that gradually increase the hardening dosage and move on to more complex forms. You can start swimming in cold and ice water only after proper preparation and consultation with a doctor.
It is useful to be outdoors more often and longer. In this case, you need to dress so as not to experience either cold or excessive heat for a long time (excessive wrapping creates greenhouse conditions for the skin and blood vessels, which contributes to overheating, and a decrease in temperature leads to rapid hypothermia and
colds).
Tempering should not be overused. So, when exposed to cold, it is impossible to prevent the appearance of chills and blue skin, with sun exposure - reddening of the skin and overheating of the body.
Tempered by the sun. The sun's rays are highly irritating. Under their influence, certain changes occur in almost all physiological functions: the body temperature rises, breathing quickens and deepens, blood vessels expand, sweating intensifies, and metabolism is activated.
With the correct dosage, regular solar irradiation has a positive effect on the functional state of the nervous system, increases the body's resistance to the action of solar radiation, and improves metabolic processes. All this
improves the activity of internal organs, increases the performance of muscles, increases the body's resistance to diseases.
Excessive use of sunbathing can cause serious complications, including such as anemia, metabolic disorders, and with increased radiation activity of the sun - the development of leukemia. For this reason, when starting solar hardening procedures, it is extremely important to strictly observe the gradual and consistent increase in radiation dosages, taking into account the state of health, age, physical development, climatic and radiation conditions of the solstice and other factors.
It is better to start sunbathing in summer - in the morning (from 8 to 11 am), in spring and autumn - in the afternoon (from 11 to 14 hours) in places protected from the wind.
Healthy people should start sun hardening by staying in direct sunlight for 10-20 minutes, gradually increasing the duration of the procedure by 5-10 minutes, bringing it to 2-3 hours (no more). After each hour of hardening, it is extremely important to rest in the shade for at least 15 minutes.
Air hardening is the simplest, most accessible and easily perceived form of hardening. It increases the body's resistance to hypothermia, protects against colds, improves respiratory function, metabolism, and the work of the cardiovascular system. Such hardening can be carried out regardless of the season and weather conditions (during physical exercises, while on a camping trip, while walking, etc.).
An important form of hardening is air baths(Table 2.2). It is best to start taking them on warm days in places protected from the wind, you can move (for example, while doing physical exercises), while the duration of the procedure is dosed individually (depending on the state of health and the degree of hardening of the trainees, as well as in according to temperature and humidity).
Table 22 The duration of the hardening procedure (min)
Water hardening. Systematic pouring and bathing, especially in cold water, combined with exercise, massage, are a powerful stimulant of vitality and a source of health.
The effect of cold water reflexively causes vasoconstriction of the skin (and it contains "/ 3 of the blood volume). Due to this, a part of the peripheral blood moves to the internal organs and the brain and carries with it additional nutrients and oxygen to the cells of the body. narrowing of the skin vessels sets in the second reflex phase of the reaction - their expansion, while redness and warming of the skin occurs, which is accompanied by a pleasant feeling of warmth, vigor and muscle activity. It causes the mobilization and entry into the general bloodstream of the reserve blood mass, especially in the liver and spleen.
Under the influence of cold water, the diaphragm is activated, ventilation of the lungs is enhanced, breathing becomes deeper and more free, the amount of hemoglobin, erythrocytes and leukocytes in the blood increases. All this has a beneficial effect on the increase of oxidative processes and metabolism in general. At the same time, the main point in water hardening is the improvement of the thermoregulation apparatus, as a result of which the body temperature remains within optimal limits in the most unfavorable state of the environment, and the body's defenses are always in “combat
readiness ".
At the same time, it should be remembered that with excessively prolonged cooling of the body, a persistent narrowing of the vessels of the skin occurs, the loss of heat increases excessively, and the heat production turns out to be insufficient to compensate for such losses. This can cause serious deviations in the activity of the body and lead to undesirable consequences. For this reason, when hardening the body with cold water, great importance should be attached to the dosage of cold loads and the gradualness of their build-up.
A complex system of hardening training is especially favorable, combining various forms of hardening with physical activity.
Body wiping- the softest hardening agent. In this case, you should first use water at room temperature, reducing the latter gradually, over 2-3 weeks,
up to 10-12 ° C. After adapting to rubdown, you can start pouring or showering.
An effective hardening agent that intensively trains the thermoregulation mechanism and significantly increases the tone of the nervous system is a contrast shower (alternately warm and cold). Taking into account the dependence on the difference in water temperature, a strong-contrast shower is distinguished (temperature drop more than 15 ° C), medium-contrast (water temperature drop is 10-15 ° C) and low-contrast (water temperature drop is less than 10 ° C).
Practically healthy people can start hardening with a medium-contrast shower and, as they adapt to it, move to a high-contrast shower.
Swimming in open water- the most effective means of water hardening. It is better to start it in the summer and continue it systematically, making at least 2-3 baths a week. When swimming, the aquatic environment has a light massaging effect on the body - muscles, subcutaneous vessels (capillaries) and nerve endings; at the same time, an increased consumption of thermal energy occurs, at the same time, heat production in the body itself increases, which ensures the maintenance of normal body temperature with the correct dosage for the entire bathing period.
The length of stay in the water should be regulated depending on its temperature and weather conditions, as well as on the fitness and health condition of the hardeners.
Systematic hardening water mandatory for everyone who wants to achieve the highest form of cold hardening - "winter swimming". Winter swimming gives the greatest hardening effect.
2.5. Forms and methods of medical physical culture
The main forms of exercise therapy include: a) morning hygienic gymnastics (UGT); 6) procedure (occupation) LH; c) dosed ascents (yurrenkur); d) walks, excursions and close tourism.
2.5.1. Morning hygienic gymnastics
Hygienic gymnastics at home is carried out in the morning and is a good means of transition from sleep to wakefulness, to the active work of the body.
Physical exercises used in hygienic gymnastics should be easy. Static exercises that cause strong tension and breath holding are unacceptable here. Exercises are selected that affect various muscle groups and internal organs. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the state of health, physical development and the degree of work load.
The duration of the gymnastic exercises should be no more than 10-30 minutes, the complex includes 9-16 exercises. These are general developmental exercises for individual muscle groups, breathing exercises, exercises for the trunk, for relaxation, for the abdominal muscles.
All gymnastic exercises should be performed freely, at a calm pace, with a gradually increasing amplitude, with the involvement of small muscles first, and then larger muscle groups.
You should start with simple exercises (warm-up), and then move on to more complex ones.
Each exercise carries a certain functional load.
1. Walking slowly. It causes a uniform increase in breathing and blood circulation, "tunes" for the upcoming lesson.
2. Exercise like stretching. Deepens breathing, increases the mobility of the chest, flexibility of the spine, strengthens the muscles of the shoulder girdle, corrects posture.
3. Raising the arms, moving them to the sides and back, slow rotation of the shoulder joints, flexion and extension of the arms. These and similar movements increase the mobility of the joints and strengthen the muscles of the arms.
4. Exercises for the feet. They help to increase the mobility of joints, strengthen muscles and ligaments.
5. Squats. Strengthens the muscles of the legs and abdominal muscles, have a general training effect.
6. Walking with slow deep breathing. Promotes relaxation and restoration of body functions.
7. Jerking and swinging hand movements. They develop the muscles of the shoulder girdle, strengthen the ligaments, and increase the range of motion.
8. Tilt of the trunk forward. Strengthens the muscles of the back, increases the flexibility of the spine (goes well with deep, vigorous breathing).
9. Flexion and other exercises for the muscles of the back and spine. Contribute to increasing its flexibility.
10. Lunges with movement of the arms and trunk. They develop and train well the muscles of the legs.
11. Strength exercises for hands. Increases muscle strength.
12. Turns, inclinations, torso rotation. Increase mobility
spine and strengthen the muscles of the trunk.
13. Raising the extended legs while lying down. Strengthens the abdominal muscles.
14. Running, jumping. Train and strengthen the cardiovascular system, increase endurance.
15. Walking at the end of the session. Promotes uniform reduction
physical activity, restoration of breathing.
Natural factors of nature are used in the following forms: a) solar irradiation in the process of exercise therapy and sunbathing as a method of hardening; b) aeration during exercise therapy and air baths as a method of hardening; c) partial and general douches, rubdowns and hygienic showers, swimming in fresh water bodies and in the sea.
The most favorable environmental conditions and wider opportunities for the use of remedies for exercise therapy are available in resorts and sanatoriums, where movement, sun, air and water are powerful factors in the patient's recovery.
Hardening- a set of methods for purposefully increasing the functional reserves of the body and its resistance to the adverse effects of physical environmental factors (low or high temperature of air, water, low atmospheric pressure, etc.) through a systematic training dose of these factors.
Hardening is one of the most important areas of prevention, an integral part of health promotion activities in sanatoriums, rest homes, boarding houses. Hardening can be considered as adaptation, which is achieved through the systematic repeated exposure of one or another physical factor to the body, which causes the restructuring of metabolism and some physiological functions aimed at ensuring homeostasis; at the same time, neurohumoral and metabolic processes are improved in various organs and systems.
Hardening is specific, i.e. is determined by a gradual decrease in the body's sensitivity only to the action of a certain physical factor.
The human body, despite the versatile impact of external factors, has a high ability to maintain
the constancy of its internal environment (blood composition, body temperature, etc.), at which only its vital activity is possible. The slightest violation of this constancy is already indicative of a disease.
A seasoned person has a high vitality, is not susceptible to diseases, in any conditions he is able to remain calm, cheerful, optimistic.
The most effective are systematic hardening trainings using the influence of various natural and climatic factors.
Consider the following when you start hardening with air, water and the sun.
Hardening must begin with the simplest forms.
(air baths, rubdowns, pouring cool
water, etc.) and only after that gradually increase
hardening dosage and move on to more complex
forms. Start swimming in cold and ice water
is possible only after appropriate preparation and
consultation with a doctor.
It is useful to be outdoors more often and longer. At
this should be dressed so as not to experience
for a long time neither cold nor excessive heat
(excessive wrapping creates a greenhouse environment for
skin and blood vessels, which contributes to overheating, and a decrease in
temperature leads to rapid hypothermia and
colds).
Tempering should not be overused. So, when exposed to cold, the appearance of chills and blue skin should not be allowed, with sun exposure - reddening of the skin and overheating of the body.
Tempered by the sun. The sun's rays are a strong irritant. Under their influence, certain changes occur in almost all physiological functions: the body temperature rises, breathing becomes more frequent and deeper, blood vessels expand, sweating intensifies, and metabolism is activated.
With the correct dosage, regular solar irradiation has a positive effect on the functional state of the nervous system, increases the body's resistance to the action of solar radiation, and improves metabolic processes. All this
improves the activity of internal organs, increases the performance of muscles, increases the body's resistance to diseases.
Excessive use of sunbathing can cause serious complications, including such as anemia, metabolic disorders, and with increased radiation activity of the sun - the development of leukemia. Therefore, when starting solar hardening procedures, it is necessary to strictly observe the gradualness and consistency in increasing the dosage of radiation, taking into account the state of health, age, physical development, climatic and radiation conditions of the solstice and other factors.
It is better to start sunbathing in the summer - in the morning (from 8 to 11 a.m.), in spring and autumn - in the afternoon (from 11 to 2 p.m.) in places protected from the wind.
Healthy people should start sun hardening by staying in direct sunlight for 10-20 minutes, gradually increasing the duration of the procedure by 5-10 minutes, bringing it to 2-3 hours (no more). After every hour of hardening, it is necessary to rest in the shade for at least 15 minutes.
Air hardening is the simplest, most accessible and easily perceived form of hardening. It increases the body's resistance to hypothermia, protects against colds, improves respiratory function, metabolism, and the work of the cardiovascular system. Such hardening can be carried out regardless of the season and weather conditions (during physical exercises, while on a camping trip, while walking, etc.).
An important form of hardening is air baths(Table 2.2). It is best to start taking them on warm days in places protected from the wind, you can move (for example, while doing physical exercises), while the duration of the procedure is dosed individually (depending on the state of health and the degree of hardening of the trainees, as well as in accordance with the temperature and air humidity).
Table 22 The duration of the hardening procedure (min)
Water hardening. Systematic pouring and bathing, especially in cold water, combined with exercise, massage, are a powerful stimulant of vitality and a source of health.
The effect of cold water reflexively causes vasoconstriction of the skin (and it contains "/ 3 of the blood volume). Due to this, a part of the peripheral blood moves to the internal organs and the brain and carries with it additional nutrients and oxygen to the cells of the body. narrowing of the skin vessels sets in the second reflex phase of the reaction - their expansion, while redness and warming of the skin occurs, which is accompanied by a pleasant feeling of warmth, vigor and muscle activity. It causes the mobilization and entry into the general circulation of the reserve blood mass, especially in the liver and spleen.
Under the influence of cold water, the diaphragm is activated, ventilation of the lungs is enhanced, breathing becomes deeper and more free, the amount of hemoglobin, erythrocytes and leukocytes in the blood increases. All this has a beneficial effect on the increase of oxidative processes and metabolism in general. However, the main point in water hardening is the improvement of the thermoregulation apparatus, as a result of which the body temperature remains within optimal limits in the most unfavorable state of the environment, and the body's defenses are always in "combat
readiness ".
At the same time, it should be remembered that with excessively prolonged cooling of the body, a persistent narrowing of the vessels of the skin occurs, the loss of heat increases excessively, and the heat production turns out to be insufficient to compensate for such losses. This can cause serious deviations in the activity of the body and lead to undesirable consequences. Therefore, when hardening the body with cold water, great importance should be attached to the dosage of Cold loads and the gradualness in their build-up.
A complex system of hardening training is especially favorable, combining various forms of hardening with physical activity.
Body wiping- the softest hardening agent. In this case, you should first use water at room temperature, reducing the latter gradually, over 2-3 weeks,
up to 10-12 ° C. After adapting to rubdown, you can start pouring or showering.
An effective hardening agent that intensively trains the thermoregulation mechanism and significantly increases the tone of the nervous system is a contrast shower (alternately warm and cold). Depending on the difference in water temperature, a strong contrast shower is distinguished (temperature drop is more than 15 ° C), medium-contrast (water temperature drop is 10-15 ° C) and low-contrast (water temperature drop is less than 10 ° C).
Practically healthy people can start hardening with a medium-contrast shower and, as they adapt to it, move to a high-contrast shower.
Swimming in open water- the most effective means of water hardening. It is better to start it in the summer and continue it systematically, making at least 2-3 baths a week. When swimming, the aquatic environment has a light massaging effect on the body - muscles, subcutaneous vessels (capillaries) and nerve endings; at the same time, an increased consumption of thermal energy occurs, at the same time, heat production in the body itself increases, which ensures the maintenance of normal body temperature with the correct dosage for the entire bathing period.
The length of stay in the water should be regulated depending on its temperature and weather conditions, as well as on the fitness and health condition of the hardeners.
Systematic hardening water mandatory for everyone who wants to achieve the highest form of cold hardening - "winter swimming". Winter swimming gives the greatest hardening effect.
2.5. Forms and methods of medical physical culture
The main forms of exercise therapy include: a) morning hygienic gymnastics (UGT); 6) procedure (occupation) LH; c) dosed ascents (yurrenkur); d) walks, excursions and close tourism.
2.5.1. Morning hygienic gymnastics
Hygienic gymnastics at home is carried out in the morning and is a good means of transition from sleep to wakefulness, to the active work of the body.
Physical exercises used in hygienic gymnastics should be easy. Static exercises that cause strong tension and breath holding are unacceptable here. Exercises are selected that affect various muscle groups and internal organs. In this case, one must take into account the state of health, physical development and the degree of workload.
The duration of the gymnastic exercises should be no more than 10-30 minutes, the complex includes 9-16 exercises. These can be general developmental exercises for individual muscle groups, breathing exercises, exercises for the trunk, for relaxation, for the abdominal muscles.
All gymnastic exercises should be performed freely, at a calm pace, with a gradually increasing amplitude, with the involvement of small muscles first, and then larger muscle groups.
You should start with simple exercises (warm-up), and then move on to more complex ones.
Each exercise carries a certain functional load.
1. Walking slowly. Causes a uniform increase in breathing and
blood circulation, "tunes" for the upcoming lesson.
2. Exercise like stretching. Deepens breathing, increases
mobility of the chest, flexibility of the spine, strengthens
muscles of the shoulder girdle, corrects posture.
3. Raising the hands with their abduction to the sides and back, slow
rotation of the shoulder joints, flexion and extension of the arms. These and
such movements increase the mobility of the joints,
strengthen the muscles of the arms.
4. Exercises for the feet. Promotes increased mobility
joints, strengthening muscles and ligaments.
5. Squats. Strengthens the muscles of the legs and abdominals,
have a general training effect.
6. Walking with slow deep breathing. Promotes races
weakening and restoration of body functions.
7. Jerking and swinging hand movements. Develop muscles
shoulder girdle, strengthen the ligaments, help increase
range of motion.
8. Tilt of the trunk forward. Strengthen back muscles, take away
improve the flexibility of the spine (go well with deep,
vigorous breathing).
9. Flexion and other exercises for the muscles of the back and vertebra
night lamp. Contribute to increasing its flexibility.
10. Lunges with movement of the arms and trunk. Develop well and
train the muscles of the legs.
11. Strength exercises for hands. Increases muscle strength.
12. Turns, inclinations, torso rotation. Increase mobility
spine and strengthen the muscles of the trunk.
13. Raising the extended legs while lying down. Strengthens
abdominal muscles.
14. Running, jumping. Train and strengthen the cardiovascular
system, increase endurance.
15. Walking at the end of the session. Promotes uniform reduction
physical activity, restoration of breathing.
Body hardening is an integral part of physical education and is one of the tasks of physical training. Hardening is carried out in order to increase the body's stability and develop its ability to quickly and painlessly adapt to changing environmental conditions (cold, heat, humidity).
The sun, air and water have a beneficial effect on the human body. Proper use of them leads to better health and an increase in the body's resistance to many diseases, helps to train blood vessels of the skin, increases metabolism in the body and improves all life processes.
Quenching with water, sun and air is also widely used in the treatment of various diseases and wounds.
The means of hardening are various water procedures - wiping, baths, showers, bathing, as well as air and sun baths.
One of the most important rules for the use of means of hardening the body is a gradual increase in their intensity, duration and continuity of their impact. The hardening agents may vary depending on the season. Instead of bathing, in winter, washing with cold water to the waist and wiping should be carried out, instead of air baths - walks, outdoor exercises without overcoats.
Sun hardening is best started in spring. In the early days, 10-15 minutes is enough for sunbathing. Then this time should be gradually increased, by 5-10 minutes daily, in order to bring it to 1.5-2 hours. Prolonged exposure to the sun of one area of the body can cause burns. Therefore, when sunbathing, you need to change your body position more often. Cover your head with a towel to avoid sunstroke. Do not take sunbathing on an empty stomach and immediately after eating. After the end of sunbathing, water procedures are very useful - a shower or a short bath. In some individuals, under the influence of the sun, headaches, weakness, and loss of appetite may appear. In such cases, you need to stop sunbathing and consult a doctor. Their renewal is permissible only with the permission of a doctor. Sunbathing, causing the deposition of a special substance (pigment) in the skin, cause it to darken, or tan. This not only leads to an increase in the protective properties of the skin in relation to its resistance to various skin diseases, but also improves the adaptability of the body as a whole to changes in the temperature of the external environment.
One of the best means of hardening is water procedures. Their application requires compliance with certain rules. Some types of water treatments can be used throughout the year. So, for example, washing to the waist, wiping should be done without interruption.
Bathing is allowed at a temperature not lower than 15-16 ° C, and the time spent in the water is initially limited to 5-6 minutes. At a higher water temperature (20 ° C and above), the duration of bathing can be increased to 20-30 minutes. It is recommended to swim no more than three to four times during the day. Prolonged bathing should not be allowed immediately after hard physical work. After eating, bathing should be done no earlier than 1.5-2 hours. After bathing, you need to rub the body dry with a towel. Do not swim until chills or goose bumps appear. Bathing should be combined with vigorous movements, swimming, diving.
Shower use should also start gradually. At first, it is enough to be under the shower for a few seconds in order to wash the body; in the future, you can bring the stay in the shower up to 2-3 minutes. After a shower, you need to vigorously rub the body dry. Otherwise, the same rules are followed as for bathing.
For hardening purposes, it is possible to use warm and cold air. In the spring-summer period, air procedures (baths) should be started at a temperature not lower than 15-16 ° C, starting from 5-10 minutes, with a gradual increase in their time to 1.5-2 hours. For taking air baths, a dry place is selected, protected from direct sunlight. In the first two to three days, when taking air baths, the upper half of the body is exposed, then the whole body. You cannot lie on the ground; you need to have some kind of soft bedding, sand or wooden flooring for this. After air baths, you should wash your body in the shower or take a bath.
The use of cold air for hardening is one of the most effective means of increasing the body's resistance against the harmful effects of cooling. When the skin comes into contact with colder air, it is noted, as with the action of water, first a narrowing (hence the chills), and then an expansion of the skin blood vessels. In this case, the work of the heart increases due to the expansion of blood vessels, the skin turns red, the initial feeling of chills is replaced by a pleasant sensation of warmth and vigor. The action of air is much softer than the action of water. It is much easier to tolerate low air temperatures while driving. Exercising in the morning without an overcoat, skiing in lightweight clothing, walks in winter play an important role in the general strengthening of the body, its hardening, and the development of its ability to tolerate the effects of low temperatures without harm.
Natural factors of nature are used in the following forms: a) solar irradiation in the process of exercise therapy and sunbathing as a method of hardening; b) aeration during exercise therapy and air baths as a method of hardening; c) partial and general douches, rubdowns and hygienic showers, swimming in fresh water bodies and in the sea.
The most favorable environmental conditions and wider opportunities for the use of remedies for exercise therapy are available in resorts and sanatoriums, where movement, sun, air and water are powerful factors in the patient's recovery.
Hardening- a set of methods for purposefully increasing the functional reserves of the body and its resistance to the adverse effects of physical environmental factors (low or high temperature of air, water, low atmospheric pressure, etc.) through a systematic training dose of these factors.
Hardening is one of the most important areas of prevention, an integral part of health promotion activities in sanatoriums, rest homes, boarding houses. Hardening can be considered as adaptation, which is achieved through the systematic repeated exposure of one or another physical factor to the body, which causes the restructuring of metabolism and some physiological functions aimed at ensuring homeostasis; at the same time, neurohumoral and metabolic processes are improved in various organs and systems.
Hardening is specific, i.e. is determined by a gradual decrease in the body's sensitivity only to the action of a certain physical factor.
The human body, despite the versatile impact of external factors, has a high ability to maintain
the constancy of its internal environment (blood composition, body temperature, etc.), at which only its vital activity is possible. The slightest violation of this constancy is already indicative of a disease.
A seasoned person has a high vitality, is not susceptible to diseases, in any conditions he is able to remain calm, cheerful, optimistic.
The most effective are systematic hardening trainings using the influence of various natural and climatic factors.
Consider the following when you start hardening with air, water and the sun.
Hardening must begin with the simplest forms.
(air baths, rubdowns, pouring cool
water, etc.) and only after that gradually increase
hardening dosage and move on to more complex
forms. Start swimming in cold and ice water
is possible only after appropriate preparation and
consultation with a doctor.
It is useful to be outdoors more often and longer. At
this should be dressed so as not to experience
for a long time neither cold nor excessive heat
(excessive wrapping creates a greenhouse environment for
skin and blood vessels, which contributes to overheating, and a decrease in
temperature leads to rapid hypothermia and
colds).
Tempering should not be overused. So, when exposed to cold, the appearance of chills and blue skin should not be allowed, with sun exposure - reddening of the skin and overheating of the body.
Tempered by the sun. The sun's rays are a strong irritant. Under their influence, certain changes occur in almost all physiological functions: the body temperature rises, breathing becomes more frequent and deeper, blood vessels expand, sweating intensifies, and metabolism is activated.
With the correct dosage, regular solar irradiation has a positive effect on the functional state of the nervous system, increases the body's resistance to the action of solar radiation, and improves metabolic processes. All this
improves the activity of internal organs, increases the performance of muscles, increases the body's resistance to diseases.
Excessive use of sunbathing can cause serious complications, including such as anemia, metabolic disorders, and with increased radiation activity of the sun - the development of leukemia. Therefore, when starting solar hardening procedures, it is necessary to strictly observe the gradualness and consistency in increasing the dosage of radiation, taking into account the state of health, age, physical development, climatic and radiation conditions of the solstice and other factors.
It is better to start sunbathing in the summer - in the morning (from 8 to 11 a.m.), in spring and autumn - in the afternoon (from 11 to 2 p.m.) in places protected from the wind.
Healthy people should start sun hardening by staying in direct sunlight for 10-20 minutes, gradually increasing the duration of the procedure by 5-10 minutes, bringing it to 2-3 hours (no more). After every hour of hardening, it is necessary to rest in the shade for at least 15 minutes.
Air hardening is the simplest, most accessible and easily perceived form of hardening. It increases the body's resistance to hypothermia, protects against colds, improves respiratory function, metabolism, and the work of the cardiovascular system. Such hardening can be carried out regardless of the season and weather conditions (during physical exercises, while on a camping trip, while walking, etc.).
An important form of hardening is air baths(Table 2.2). It is best to start taking them on warm days in places protected from the wind, you can move (for example, while doing physical exercises), while the duration of the procedure is dosed individually (depending on the state of health and the degree of hardening of the trainees, as well as in accordance with the temperature and air humidity).
Table 22 The duration of the hardening procedure (min)
Water hardening. Systematic pouring and bathing, especially in cold water, combined with exercise, massage, are a powerful stimulant of vitality and a source of health.
The effect of cold water reflexively causes vasoconstriction of the skin (and it contains "/ 3 of the blood volume). Due to this, a part of the peripheral blood moves to the internal organs and the brain and carries with it additional nutrients and oxygen to the cells of the body. narrowing of the skin vessels sets in the second reflex phase of the reaction - their expansion, while redness and warming of the skin occurs, which is accompanied by a pleasant feeling of warmth, vigor and muscle activity. It causes the mobilization and entry into the general circulation of the reserve blood mass, especially in the liver and spleen.
Under the influence of cold water, the diaphragm is activated, ventilation of the lungs is enhanced, breathing becomes deeper and more free, the amount of hemoglobin, erythrocytes and leukocytes in the blood increases. All this has a beneficial effect on the increase of oxidative processes and metabolism in general. However, the main point in water hardening is the improvement of the thermoregulation apparatus, as a result of which the body temperature remains within optimal limits in the most unfavorable state of the environment, and the body's defenses are always in "combat
readiness ".
At the same time, it should be remembered that with excessively prolonged cooling of the body, a persistent narrowing of the vessels of the skin occurs, the loss of heat increases excessively, and the heat production turns out to be insufficient to compensate for such losses. This can cause serious deviations in the activity of the body and lead to undesirable consequences. Therefore, when hardening the body with cold water, great importance should be attached to the dosage of Cold loads and the gradualness in their build-up.
A complex system of hardening training is especially favorable, combining various forms of hardening with physical activity.
Body wiping- the softest hardening agent. In this case, you should first use water at room temperature, reducing the latter gradually, over 2-3 weeks,
up to 10-12 ° C. After adapting to rubdown, you can start pouring or showering.
An effective hardening agent that intensively trains the thermoregulation mechanism and significantly increases the tone of the nervous system is a contrast shower (alternately warm and cold). Depending on the difference in water temperature, a strong contrast shower is distinguished (temperature drop is more than 15 ° C), medium-contrast (water temperature drop is 10-15 ° C) and low-contrast (water temperature drop is less than 10 ° C).
Practically healthy people can start hardening with a medium-contrast shower and, as they adapt to it, move to a high-contrast shower.
Swimming in open water- the most effective means of water hardening. It is better to start it in the summer and continue it systematically, making at least 2-3 baths a week. When swimming, the aquatic environment has a light massaging effect on the body - muscles, subcutaneous vessels (capillaries) and nerve endings; at the same time, an increased consumption of thermal energy occurs, at the same time, heat production in the body itself increases, which ensures the maintenance of normal body temperature with the correct dosage for the entire bathing period.
The length of stay in the water should be regulated depending on its temperature and weather conditions, as well as on the fitness and health condition of the hardeners.
Systematic hardening water mandatory for everyone who wants to achieve the highest form of cold hardening - "winter swimming". Winter swimming gives the greatest hardening effect.
2.5. Forms and methods of medical physical culture
The main forms of exercise therapy include: a) morning hygienic gymnastics (UGT); 6) procedure (occupation) LH; c) dosed ascents (yurrenkur); d) walks, excursions and close tourism.
2.5.1. Morning hygienic gymnastics
Hygienic gymnastics at home is carried out in the morning and is a good means of transition from sleep to wakefulness, to the active work of the body.
Physical exercises used in hygienic gymnastics should be easy. Static exercises that cause strong tension and breath holding are unacceptable here. Exercises are selected that affect various muscle groups and internal organs. In this case, one must take into account the state of health, physical development and the degree of workload.
The duration of the gymnastic exercises should be no more than 10-30 minutes, the complex includes 9-16 exercises. These can be general developmental exercises for individual muscle groups, breathing exercises, exercises for the trunk, for relaxation, for the abdominal muscles.
All gymnastic exercises should be performed freely, at a calm pace, with a gradually increasing amplitude, with the involvement of small muscles first, and then larger muscle groups.
You should start with simple exercises (warm-up), and then move on to more complex ones.
Each exercise carries a certain functional load.
1. Walking slowly. Causes a uniform increase in breathing and
blood circulation, "tunes" for the upcoming lesson.
2. Exercise like stretching. Deepens breathing, increases
mobility of the chest, flexibility of the spine, strengthens
muscles of the shoulder girdle, corrects posture.
3. Raising the hands with their abduction to the sides and back, slow
rotation of the shoulder joints, flexion and extension of the arms. These and
such movements increase the mobility of the joints,
strengthen the muscles of the arms.
4. Exercises for the feet. Promotes increased mobility
joints, strengthening muscles and ligaments.
5. Squats. Strengthens the muscles of the legs and abdominals,
have a general training effect.
6. Walking with slow deep breathing. Promotes races
weakening and restoration of body functions.
7. Jerking and swinging hand movements. Develop muscles
shoulder girdle, strengthen the ligaments, help increase
range of motion.
8. Tilt of the trunk forward. Strengthen back muscles, take away
improve the flexibility of the spine (go well with deep,
vigorous breathing).
9. Flexion and other exercises for the muscles of the back and vertebra
night lamp. Contribute to increasing its flexibility.
10. Lunges with movement of the arms and trunk. Develop well and
train the muscles of the legs.
11. Strength exercises for hands. Increases muscle strength.
12. Turns, inclinations, torso rotation. Increase mobility
spine and strengthen the muscles of the trunk.
13. Raising the extended legs while lying down. Strengthens
abdominal muscles.
14. Running, jumping. Train and strengthen the cardiovascular
system, increase endurance.
15. Walking at the end of the session. Promotes uniform reduction
physical activity, restoration of breathing.
Physiotherapy
Procedure (occupation) LH is the main form of exercise therapy. Each procedure consists of three sections: introductory, main and final.
Introductory section the procedure allows you to gradually prepare the patient's body for increasing physical activity. Use breathing exercises and exercises for small and medium muscle groups and joints. For main section a training (general and special) effect on the patient's body is carried out. IN the final period by carrying out breathing exercises and movements covering small and medium muscle groups and joints, the general physical tension is reduced.
Methodology for the procedure of LH. When carrying out the procedure, the following rules must be observed.
1. The nature of the exercise, physiological stress,
dosage and starting positions should be adequate
the general condition of the patient, his age characteristics and
state of fitness.
2. Exercise should affect
on the entire body of the patient.
3. The procedure should combine general and special
the effect on the patient's body, therefore it is necessary
use both general tonic and special
exercises.
4. When drafting the procedure, the principle should be observed
gradualness and consistency of increase and decrease
physical activity, maintaining optimal physiology
the technical "curve" of the load.
5. When selecting and conducting exercises, it is necessary
alternate muscle groups involved in performing phi
physical loads.
6. In the treatment course, it is necessary to partially renew daily
and complicate the exercises used. The procedure LH should be
introduce 10-15% of the old exercises to ensure
consolidation of motor skills; however it is necessary
consistently diversify and complicate the technique.
7. The last 3-4 days of the course of treatment must be devoted to
teaching patients gymnastic exercises recommended for subsequent exercises at home.
8. The volume of methodological material in the procedure should correspond to the patient's mode of movement.
The correct use of physical exercise provides for the distribution of physical activity, taking into account its optimal physiological "curve". The latter is usually understood as the dynamics of the body's reactions to exercise throughout the entire procedure. The distribution of physical activity in LH procedures is carried out according to the principle of a multi-vertex curve.
Starting positions. In LG, there are three main initial positions: lying (on the back, on the stomach, on the side), sitting (in bed, on a chair, on a couch, etc.) and standing (on all fours, supported on crutches, "arena", parallel bars, chair back, etc.). For example, with diseases of the respiratory system, you can perform exercises in the initial lying position, reclining with the head end of the bed raised, sitting and standing. In case of damage to the tubular bones of the lower extremities (skeletal traction is imposed), exercises are performed in the initial position lying on the back.
Fundamentals of the LH technique. The LH methodology is based on: a) didactic principles (visibility, accessibility, regularity of training, gradualness and sequence of exercises, individual approach); b) correct selection and determination of the duration of physical exercises; c) the optimal number of repetitions of each exercise; d) the physiological pace of the movements;
e) the adequacy of the power tension to the patient's capabilities;
f) the degree of complexity and rhythm of movement.
Exercise intensity maybe small
moderate, large and maximum. Exercise low intensity includes exercises that target small and medium muscle groups, performed at a slow to medium pace, breathing exercises (static) and exercises aimed at relaxing muscles. Exercises moderate intensity involve medium (medium and fast) and large (slow and medium) muscle groups and joints in movement. They use breathing exercises (of a dynamic nature), exercises with gymnastic objects, and sedentary games. The duration of the recovery period is 5-7 minutes. Exercises high intensity characterized by the involvement of more muscle groups and joints, performed at an average and fast pace
(exercises on gymnastic apparatus, with weights and resistance, brisk walking, running, jumping, games, etc.). The duration of the recovery period is more than 7-10 minutes. Exercises maximum intensity(running at speed) in LH is used quite rarely.
The dosage of physical activity in PH exercises depends on the tasks of the treatment period, the characteristics of the course of the disease, the functional capabilities of the body, the patient's age and fitness.
The total load consists of the body's energy expenditures for muscle work (various physical exercises). The compliance with its functional capabilities of the patient can be judged by the external signs of fatigue and the reaction of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
Local loading has mainly local impact. This is the effect of physical exercises to normalize muscle tone in case of paresis of the extremities.
Physical activity can be varied using various methods (Scheme 2.3).
LH procedure methods. When carrying out the LH procedure, two methods are used - individual and group. The individual method is used in patients with limited physical activity due to a serious condition caused by the underlying disease or surgery. A variant of the individual method is independent, assigned to a patient in cases when it is difficult for him (due to various reasons) to regularly visit a medical institution or when he completed inpatient treatment and was discharged for follow-up treatment on an outpatient basis or at home. The group method is most common in medical institutions (clinic, hospital, spa treatment). The selection of patients into groups should be made with an orientation to the underlying disease and their functional state.
2.5.3. Therapeutic dosed walking
Walking is the most accessible type of cyclic exercise. It can be recommended for people of all ages with different physical fitness and health, regardless of their professional activities. Walking is used for the prevention and rehabilitation of cardiovascular and other diseases.
During walking, muscle contraction alternates with muscle relaxation, which allows you to withstand prolonged physical activity; the main muscle groups are involved in the work, the activity of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems moderately increases, energy consumption increases. When walking on flat terrain at a speed of 4-6 km / h, oxygen consumption increases 3-4 times compared to the state of rest.
Walking must be combined with correct, measured breathing. Physical activity during walking is mainly dosed by the distance and speed of movement. The duration of the walks is increased depending on how you feel. Favorable signs should be considered even, uncomplicated breathing, slight sweating, a feeling of satisfaction, slight physical fatigue, an increase in heart rate after a walk by 10-20 per minute compared to the initial values and its normalization after 5-10 minutes of rest. Walking can be normal, accelerated and dosed.
Normal walking improves metabolism, normalizes work
heart, increases blood circulation, ventilation of the lungs and is one of the most affordable means of improving health.
Accelerated walking develops muscles, develops endurance, perseverance and other volitional qualities.
Dosed walking it is used for the prevention of cardiovascular and other diseases, it is accompanied by less energy consumption than even the slowest running. With regular dosed walking exercises, a person's physical performance increases. Over time, you can start jogging.
Dosed, or health-improving, walking is recommended for people of all ages with different physical fitness. Patients with impaired fat and salt metabolism are recommended to start it from 1-2 km, gradually adding 500 m each; sometimes the length of the route for trained people can be up to 10 km or more.
It is advisable to devote 30-45 minutes daily to health-improving walking.
Alternating walking and running. Dosed by distance, speed, time spent. During walking, breathing calms down and the load on the body as a whole decreases. To recuperate, it is recommended to do breathing and relaxation exercises while walking.
Running and walking are of great hygienic importance and, in terms of their accessibility and effectiveness, are among the best means of health improvement. Running and walking involve the human musculoskeletal system in the work, cause increased activity of the nervous, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, improve the functions of all organs, and dramatically increase the metabolism in the body.
2.5.4. Physical exercise in water
The peculiarities of the influence of the aquatic environment are explained by the laws of Archimedes and Pascal. Due to the decrease in the mass of the affected limb, it is easier to perform movements. In addition, the temperature factor (heat) contributes to a lesser manifestation of reflex excitability, weakening of pain and muscle tension. Swimming and exercise in water using special devices and shells allow limb movements with completely switched off support load on them and on the spine. They can provide increased muscle strength in the lower extremities
and trunk with pronounced manifestations of their weakness (atrophy, paresis) in conditions of exclusion of axial load, to help correct spinal deformities and increase adaptation to loads of varying intensity, general endurance and hardening. When determining indications for the use of physical exercises in water, it is necessary to take into account the patient's condition and primarily the cardiovascular system.
The main indications for the use of physical exercises in water should be considered: a) spastic and flaccid paresis and paralysis due to traumatic injuries of the central nervous system, lesions of the cerebral vessels; b) paresis and paralysis due to spinal fractures (with and without a violation of the integrity of the spinal cord); c) arthritis, arthrosis; d) osteochondrosis of the spine; e) impairment of motor function after bone fractures, osteoarticular reconstructive and plastic surgeries, operations on peripheral nerves; f) contractures.
LH in water is especially useful for spastic paresis and paralysis, mainly during the period of active movements that are difficult to perform in a normal environment.
Simulators
Simulators of various designs are widely used during the period of rehabilitation treatment. With their help, motor qualities are purposefully formed (general, speed and speed-power endurance, speed, coordination, strength, flexibility), which are one of the indicators of health. The use of simulators in medical institutions makes it possible to significantly expand the range of remedies and methods of exercise therapy and increase not only the health-improving, but also the therapeutic effectiveness of exercises.
Exercise devices can be of individual or collective use, and their effect on the body is local or general. The possibility of dosing physical activity and targeting certain muscle groups allows using simulators to selectively influence the cardiovascular, respiratory and nervous systems, and the musculoskeletal system. In this regard, they are indicated for ischemic heart disease, hypertension, vegetative-vascular dystonia, chronic nonspecific lung diseases, arthritis, arthrosis, etc.
Exercises on simulators are contraindicated if there is
treatment of chronic coronary insufficiency, myocardial infarction less than 12 months old, aneurysm of the heart and aorta, exacerbation of thrombophlebitis, the possibility of bleeding, acute inflammatory kidney disease; acute infectious diseases or their exacerbation; severe disturbances in the rhythm of cardiac activity (tsaroxysmal tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, etc.); pulmonary insufficiency with a decrease in VC by 50% or more of the proper value; pregnancy over 22 weeks; high degrees of myopia; diabetes mellitus (severe form). ...
The technical features of the simulators are determined by the need for the preferential development of one or another motor quality or several at the same time. Technical devices such as a treadmill, bicycle and rowing machines, and the like, allow the targeted development of general, speed and speed-strength endurance. Various designs of resistance bands and rollers contribute to the development of dynamic strength and flexibility. Coordination of movements is improved with the help of a mini-trampoline. Simulators with different directions of influence on the body can be combined in one device and be called universal (for example, the gymnastic complex "Health"). With their help, you can develop almost all motor qualities.
Traction therapy
Traction therapy (extensio)- one of the main methods of restorative treatment of injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system and their consequences (deformations, contractures, degenerative-dystrophic processes in the spine, etc.). The essence of the method is that with the help of short-term or long-term traction, muscle retraction is overcome, or a gradual stretching effect is exerted on a particular area of the body in order to eliminate contracture, deformation.
▲ Underwater traction (traction) is a therapeutic method that combines the physical effect of water (fresh, mineral, sea) on the body with traction techniques. The action of water (at a temperature of 36-37 ° C) ka proprioceptors helps to reduce the tone of the striated muscles, as a result of which the distance between the vertebral bodies increases and the intervertebral foramen expand
spinal roots. In addition, muscle loss
tonus with this method, ensuring the elimination
muscle contractures, helps to eliminate sucking
distal spasm and improved blood circulation at the time
the female area.
Underwater traction is widely used in the rehabilitation of patients with an orthopedic and neurological profile in order to reduce protrusion of the intervertebral disc in osteochondrosis of the spine; with displacement of the disc, curvature of the spine, contractures or arthrosis of the hip, knee and ankle joints and with some reflex disorders.
Underwater traction is relatively contraindicated in concomitant diseases of the cardiovascular system, kidneys, liver, gallbladder.
Distinguish between vertical and horizontal underwater traction.
Vertical underwater traction is performed with
using various simple devices (a circle of
foam, wooden parallel handrails) and more
complex structures in a special pool (with
water temperature 36-37 ° C). For example, with cervical
osteochondrosis initially underwater traction
start with 5-7 minutes of immersion in water, usually without load,
using the head holder; subsequent procedures
supplemented by the use of a load (1-3 kg) on the lumbar
Department. With good portability, the weight of the cargo is
further increase.
For arthrosis of the hip joint, the load is suspended on cuffs fixed above the ankle joint.
Horizontal sub / eddy traction at
localization of the process in the lumbar spine
carried out by longitudinal traction of the spine or
sagging torso in a regular or large bath, on
traction shield. The patient is fixed with a bodice,
which straps are attached at the head end of the shield.
A half corset is applied to the patient's lumbar spine
with straps, to which with the help of cables, thrown
through a system of blocks, a load is suspended overboard.
In the first three procedures, the cargo is not used,
the body is swaying under the influence of the mass
sick. In the future, use the load for 4-
5 min, gradually increasing its mass.
All types of underwater traction can be combined with others
means of exercise therapy (physical exercises, massage, position correction), with methods of physiotherapy (ultrasound, therapeutic mud). In some cases, with acute pain syndrome, phonophoresis of hydrocortisone or analgin is preliminarily used, UV rays - erythemal doses, diadynamic currents.
▲ Correction by position in water. This is the final
procedure after exercise in water, under
water massage, traction hydrotherapy - medical
activities that prepare intra- and periar-
ticular tissues to their intense stretching.
The essence of position correction in warm water is to give the patient's limbs or torso a certain fixed position, accompanied by tension of the tissues of the ligamentous-articular-muscular apparatus. Correction by position in water allows to increase the amplitude of passive movements with persistent limitation of the range of movements in the joints (with secondary changes in tissues after prolonged immobilization of the limb, as well as due to cicatricial processes and post-traumatic functional disorders).
The main indications for correcting the position in the water are the limitation of movements in the joints and the presence of contractures of various etiology and severity.J In addition, the position of the trunk in warm water with kyphosis of the spine can help reduce discogenic pain and pain sensations observed during the initial symptoms of spondylolisthesis.
▲ Dry traction (traction). Ubiquitous
available traction on a regular functional bed
(its head end rises to a height of 50-60 cm,
the strap is passed through the patient's chest, axillary
hollows and is fixed to the headboard at the level
torso). Fixation of the patient is also possible with
using two soft rings supporting it by
armpits (this traction is used when
spinal injury).
For traction, there are also special designs of tables with a sliding shield on rollers, which ensures greater efficiency of the procedure by reducing the loss of traction due to friction.
After the procedure, wearing of unloading orthopedic corsets is shown. The indication for the appointment of a corset is the cessation of pain during traction (in the vertical
position). Unloading corsets reduce the axial load on the spine by transferring part of the trunk mass to the ilium.
Wearing a corset must be combined with LH training, massage in order to avoid progressive weakening of the musculature of the trunk.
2.6. Autogenic training
Autogenic training (AT) is one of the methods of medical rehabilitation, including therapeutic self-hypnosis, self-knowledge, neurosomatic training, sedative and activating psycho-training, carried out in conditions of muscle relaxation and leading to self-education and mental self-regulation of the body.
The main goals of the AT method are mastering the skills of self-management of the internal mechanisms of human life, training these mechanisms and increasing the possibility of their correction.
Autogenic training is widely used in the clinic for somatic diseases, organic pathology of the nervous system, in surgery, psychiatry, as well as in healthy people as a powerful means of psychohygiene in sports practice, with increased neuro-emotional stress, hypokinesia, sensory deprivation, human desynchronosis, as a method stimulation of abilities and creativity in everyday life and at work. In addition, AT is considered as one of the necessary and effective forms of exercise therapy, using general developmental, special, respiratory and other physical exercises to regulate muscle tone, which, being a reflected reflex manifestation of higher nervous activity, actively affects the processes of mobilization and reducing the level of excitation of the central nervous system. and, consequently, on the activity of all organs and systems of the human body.
▲ Physical aspects of AT:
Developing the ability to regulate the tone transversely
salat and smooth muscles of the trunk, of course
stey, organs for complete or differentiated
muscle relaxation or toning
individual muscles;
Acquisition of the skill of rhythmic breathing due to
mental regulation of the intervals of the phases of inhalation and exhalation;
Mastering the skills of the reduced, slow,
shallow breathing, as well as a differentiated physical sensation of parts of your body and organs.
▲ To the psychological aspects AT relate:
Upbringing in a person the skills of "figurative pre
stances ";
Autogenic meditation (meditation - reflection,
contemplation), autogenous immersion;
Developing the skill of mobilizing psychophysiological
conditions, etc.
