The stages of construction can be divided into the following stages:
1. Creating supports for the pylons
2. Creation of coastal supports
3. Construction of pylons
4. Pulling the load-bearing guys
5. Suspension of bridge trusses
Let's start with the first stage.
The pylons of the bridge are located in the sea strait, more than 60 meters deep. First of all, special vessels removed the bottom soil in the places of the future installation of supports.
At the same time, huge floating hollow cylinders were built on the shore, which were delivered by water and flooded in excavated pits. The height of the cylinders exceeded sixty meters, so that they rose above the water. At the same time, such colossus had to be installed in the desired positions with centimeter accuracy, which was successfully completed by Japanese engineers.
After installing the forms of future supports, they began to pour special water-insoluble concrete inside them.
At the same time, on the shore, foundations were being built for coastal supports - anchors for fastening the cables. They differ slightly in design depending on the shore. For the western support, a very deep seventy-meter pit was dug, the walls of which, as they walked, were enclosed in concrete. Such a depth, if my memory serves me, is due to the desire to go through sedimentary rocks to solid layers. By the way, on the other side, the depth of the pit was only twenty-three and a half meters.
After sinking, a metal frame-foundation was built in the shaft and filled with concrete. Then, the already assembled future cable attachment point was installed at the top, tightly connecting it to the foundation.
And immediately began to build walls around.
At the same time, pylons were being built. They were not cast from concrete, but assembled from metal elements. Inside there are elevators, stairs, vibration compensation pendulums. Last thing important element almost all modern Japanese high-rise structures, due to high seismicity. By moving a massive load, such a device allows you to extinguish dangerous deviations from the vertical, while maintaining the strength and integrity of the structure.
After completing the installation of both pylons, the workers began pulling the cables. The very first thing, the primary cable was transferred by helicopter - in fact, a strong centimeter plastic rope, on which, later, all the others began to be gradually hung, increasing the number of threads. To do this, the pulled cable was attached to the primary cable and started to pull it. Unwinding from the reel, he pulled the attached cable. After pulling several parallel threads, a temporary canvas was laid on them, on which the workers could walk. After the installation of the walkways, the threads of the supporting cables began to be pulled, and so, gradually, the main guys were assembled, holding the entire weight of the canvas. They have a diameter of 1122 mm and consist of many hexagonal elements, each of which, in turn, consists of 127 steel threads, each with a diameter of 5.23 mm. The total length of all filaments (on two shrouds) is one light second.
Outside, the guys are wrapped with several layers of insulation. At ground supports, the threads are separated, attaching the ends to the attachment points.
The final stage was the suspension of roadway trusses. Farms are very complex, because inside them there is a place for the prospect of a railway line. Truss elements were brought by sea, then lifted up by cranes, where they were assembled and mounted to suspension points.
Today, the bridge is the longest suspension bridge in the world: its total length is 3911 meters, the central span is 1991 meters long, and the side spans are 960 meters each. The height of the pylons is 298 meters, which is higher than a 90-story building. Due to its size, the Pearl Bridge entered the Guinness Book of Records twice. The structure of the bridge has a system of double-hinged stiffening beams, which allows it to withstand wind speeds up to 80 m/s, earthquakes with a magnitude of up to 8.5 points and withstand strong sea currents. Special systems of pendulums are also used, operating with the resonant frequency of the bridge structure.
Photo 6. 
Currently, only vehicles are used to move top part span structures, however, there is also a lower technical floor, where, in the future, a railway track can be laid. From the lower level, you can get inside the pylons, and then go out to their tops, from where you can open beautiful view on Kobe and the sea. On the Kobe side, there is a 317-meter-long specially constructed concrete promenade to enjoy the views from the bridge and the bridge itself. In Japan, when something huge is being built, a museum of this building appears nearby. The Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge Museum also appeared, in which the Japanese reproduced in models the entire history of construction from the beginning of digging pits to stretching cables. The operation of this wonderful bridge is designed for at least 200 years.
In Germany, opened the longest pedestrian suspension bridge, which surpassed the length of the 439-meter Sochi bridge in the Akhshtyr Gorge. The new record holder is located above the valley of the Rappbode River, its length is 483 meters, according to MDR.
The world's longest pedestrian suspension bridge "Titan RT" | Photo: mdr.de / MITTELDEUTSCHER RUNDFUNK
On Sunday, the grand opening of the world's longest suspended pedestrian bridge "Titan RT" took place.
The bridge was built in the German Harz region near the largest dam in Germany with a height of 106 meters. With the help of which in the 1950s a lake was formed, one of the main drinking water reservoirs in Germany. Nearby is Mount Brocken, described by Goethe in the tragedy Faust.
According to the builders, now it has become the longest such pedestrian bridge in the world.
Pedestrian bridge "Titan RT" | Photo: mdr.de / MDR/Rainer Knoblauch
The opening of the Titan RT bridge in Saxony-Anhalt was preceded by five years of calculations and engineering work.
“I feel the denouement, because it took so long. It is the longest bridge of its kind. I really hope that people will leave it with smiles on their faces,” said the owner of the operating company Maik Berke (Maik Berke).
The cables of the bridge are cut into the rock on both sides, they are stretched with a force of 947 tons. Thanks to this, up to 210 people can be on the suspended structure at the same time.
Bridge «Titan RT» | Photo: mdr.de / MDR/Rainer Knoblauch
This Titan RT footbridge will take you 100 meters above the valley of the Rappbode, a tributary of the Saale.
The 1.30 height bridge railing is additionally protected by a stainless wire mesh. Thanks to this, with good shoes and a sufficient supply of courage, extreme sports enthusiasts will be able to move across the bridge without special equipment.
There is also a bungee jumping area. Extreme lovers will be able to jump from the bridge with a rope from a height of 75 meters.
The Titan RT Bridge will be open daily from 10.00 to 22.00.
Tickets for adults - 6 euros, for children - 4 euros.
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The greatest suspension bridge in Sochi is located in the skypark, which can be found by driving to the Adler district. Here you will find many exciting adventures.
The uniqueness of the place
The Akhshtyr Gorge turns your head and enchants with its height, makes adrenaline flow through your veins. This is a brand new building, as it began to function in the summer of 2014. Many guests of the city first of all want to visit the suspension bridge in Sochi. How to get there? You need to go from Adler along the road that leads to Krasnaya Polyana. You will pass such villages as Golitsyno, as well as Kazachiy Brod. There is a trout farm nearby. A little lower you can see the Krasnopolyanskoe highway, a rather old road.
When you get to the place where the suspension bridge in Sochi is located, a lot of interesting and exciting things will open before you. It takes your breath away when you look from a height into a gorge of great depth that has opened up below. There are picturesque sparkling waters of the Mzymta River.
The longest suspension bridge on the planet can give you an incomparable experience. The length of this structure is 439 meters. You will be at an altitude of 207 m. In addition, a large cave, which can be seen on the right, is an interesting place.
Development
How did such a wonderful suspension pedestrian bridge appear on the territory of the resort town? Copyright and ideas for creation were brought to this territory by a guest from New Zealand, who is fond of travel and extreme sports. His name is Alan Hackert.
The Akhshtyr Gorge is just one of the picturesque places where this man embodied his grandiose plans. He put his hand to the constructions in Australia, worked in France and China, worked in Germany. His work began in 1986. Since Alan's brand of rides have been built, more than 3.5 billion people have taken the thrilling leap into the abyss and back again.
The suspension bridge in Sochi, as well as other ideas of the author, allows the heart to freeze from the surging feelings. The most interesting thing is that even for the disabled there is an opportunity to jump. So, thanks to this development, a person, in fact, spending his whole life in an armchair, can do what thousands of healthy people do not dare to do. Skypark (Sochi) was developed under the direct supervision of the inventor Hackett, so all his developments and tricks were taken into account.
You can jump to an amazing depth of 207 meters. The suspension bridge in Sochi has a system with which you can carry out bungee jumping. To go through the entire structure, you will need to overcome 520 m. The depth of 218 m is captivating and captivating.
For admiring environment there are viewing platforms. The sea and rocky mountains will open to the eye. The suspension bridge in Sochi is supported by eight metal cables, weighing a total of 700 tons. The mass of the structure itself is 120 tons. The suspended part is 439 m long. Even in the event of a magnitude nine earthquake, the skypark (Sochi) will withstand and not shake. There is no analogue to this structure in the whole world. Three thousand people can climb it at the same time. For its uniqueness, it was decided to include the structure in the Guinness Book of Records.
Great Opportunities
Once here, you can follow the freestyle bungee, where you have a special platform from which people enthusiastically fall into the abyss 69 meters deep. When designing, the need to provide the opportunity to perform a variety of tricks was taken into account. You can jump in tandem, on a bicycle, performing a complex technique. They are actively developing to provide more opportunities for people with disabilities.
There is a more serious platform from where you can fall down to a depth of 207 m. You will jump from the gondola, which is located in the middle of the bridge. There are no analogues to this attraction both in Russia and in Europe. Before launch, the building was tested many times and tested for strength and reliability.
There are many interesting things here
In addition, you can go to the Sochi Swing, launched in 2014, in August. You will find yourself in free flight when you fly in the opposite direction, around an arc with a radius of 170 meters. There is no higher similar structure in the world.
There is also a Mowgli rope park. Nearby you can go to the museum, where you will learn a lot of new and interesting things about bungee jumping. There is also a Mega-troll here, which will allow you to fly through the gorge, gaining a speed of 150 kilometers per hour. This development was launched in the summer of 2015. It is very popular with those who are too stressed by long walks and who have a desire to return to the bridge in this way.
Strong cables are stretched, having lengths of 550 and 800 meters, respectively. Those who have tried this method of getting vivid emotions say that they have never felt anything like this before and would not refuse to let the adrenaline run through their veins again.
Continuous Improvements
Development does not stop, creating more and more interesting things. The climbing wall is already functioning. You can become a visitor to the restaurant complex, a large amphitheater that will be located on the very edge of the abyss.
The climbing wall, which rises to 18 m and has an area of 1200 square meters, can accommodate both experienced professionals and novice adventurers. In addition, it will be possible to park a car nearby, go to a cozy cafe, stay in a quality hotel, and go up to the platform for viewing the surroundings. 3,000 people visit the park every day.
Safety system
Of course, when it comes to extreme recreation, especially on such a scale, it is extremely useful to think about how no one gets injured. Ropes do not operate for too long. This bungee jumper is changed after it exhausts a third of its resources. Before jumping, tests are carried out, throwing off loads weighing 75, as well as 105 kg.
This operation is performed by an experienced instructor. Participants are weighed and a suspension system is selected. The whole process takes about five minutes. The fastening of the usual type is applied at the ankles, and the second one is attached to the belt. The second instructor will definitely check everything before you are allowed to jump.
Then, with the help of a cable, a special mechanism is lowered, which captures the fastener attached to the cable. After the jump is made, you are pulled up for 30 seconds.
Inexpressible emotions
This place gives a lot of impressions to everyone who comes here. The length of the transition is amazing, the head is just spinning with delight. Skybridge is a place that you will not find analogues in many countries of the world. A gorge and a beautiful river opens under the building, which beckons with its charming brilliance. This is a true pearl of the Adler region and the whole city of Sochi.
Having crossed the 439-meter bridge, you will feel something new and hitherto unknown, casting a glance at a depth of 218 m. From the common works of the Russians and the New Zealand creator, a simply amazing development has come out that can impress everyone with its scale and magnificence.
For two years here were held capital works for the construction of this facility. 2 thousand cubic meters of concrete were spent. The tests were crowned with success, and the skypark received a permit for operation. It was recognized as absolutely safe and of high quality built. If disabled people can jump here, it is clear what degree of comfort and safety for visitors in question. No earthquake can destroy a structure.
For tourists, this is a great place to relax, where you can walk on foot. The panoramas are amazing. The local entertainment will fill you with vivid emotions for a long time. Elastic ropes for jumping at your disposal. The administration plans to expand services for skiing, snowboarding, on which you can jump. Emphasis is placed on tandem tricks and service for people with disabilities.
The first beam bridges
The very first bridges date back to the prehistoric era, including beam bridges made of tree trunks thrown over barriers and suspension bridges woven from vines and other creepers. Written mention of the very first bridge in history, thrown over the Euphrates, dates back to about 600 BC. e. and is contained in the writings of the Greek historian Herodotus. There are five main types of bridges, all of which have been known since ancient times. A girder bridge consists of beams or trusses on supports (bulls). The prototype of this design was the trunk of a tree, felled so that it connected the banks of the stream.
Bridge over the Tiber River
The oldest of the bridges that have survived to this day is the Ponte Milvio in Rome, built in 110-109 BC, thrown over the Tiber River.
Since the 19th century girder bridges began to be built of iron, steel and concrete. The first iron girder bridge with box spans was Britannia Bridge in Wales (1850); -Road Bridge in Connecticut, USA (1952).
Wheeling Bridge Suspension Bridge
The first suspension (suspension) bridges were creepers or other creeping plants that spread across the river. The first written mention of a chain suspension bridge dates back to 630 AD. e., the first wire rope bridge was the 300-meter Wheeling Bridge in Ohio, USA (1848).
The longest bridges in modern world are suspension bridges on steel wire cables, the first of which was the Brooklyn Bridge in New York, USA (1883). At the end of the XX century. Suspension bridges of another type appeared - cable-stayed, the first of them was the Stormstrund Bridge in Norway (1955).
Ironbridge arch bridge
Arched bridges are more common than others, and were widely used by the Romans for both bridges and aqueducts. The first all-iron arch bridge was called the Iron Bridge and was built in Shropshire, England (1781). The first steel bridge with a through arch truss was the St. Louis Bridge in Missouri, USA in 1874, and the very first reinforced concrete arch bridge was Stauffacher in Switzerland (1898-1899).
Tower Bridge in London
Cantilever bridges, as the name implies, are a structure such as a cantilever that rests on only one end. Beam or truss bridges are located between cantilevers on either side of the obstacle. Cantilever bridges were known in ancient China, but only after the start of steel production did they acquire a significant length. The first steel cantilever bridge with a through truss, the Fraser River Bridge in Canada (1886).
Drawbridges are another type of bridges, resembling lifting, turning and vertical lifting structures. The drawbridge is an early version of the swing bridge, its French name (bascule) comes from the word "swing". The most famous of these types of bridges is the Tower Bridge in London.
Dmitry Demyanov, Samogo.Net (
The bridge is one of the most ancient inventions of mankind. Bridges have become a kind of symbol of human self-affirmation and overcoming the forces of nature. Thanks to them, the time spent on the road is reduced, and the commercial and strategic importance becomes simply colossal.
According to their capacity, bridges are divided into railway, pedestrian, automobile and combined. According to the static scheme, bridges can be beam, pontoon, spacer or truss. TravelAsk presents the 10 longest suspension bridges in the spanning category. Home distinctive feature of such bridges is their load-bearing structure, which is made of flexible guy wires. Thanks to her, the roadway can be in the so-called suspended state.
Mackinac Bridge (or "Big Mac")
The bridge is located in America and runs over the Strait of Mackinac, which unites Lakes Huron and Michigan. The length of its main span is 1158 meters.
Høgakustenbron Bridge
Swiss bridge crossing the river Ongermanelven. The length of the main span is 1210 meters.
Golden Gate Bridge
The Golden Gate Bridge was built in. It connects San Francisco in the north of the peninsula with southern Marin County. Its main span is 1280 meters long.
Verrazano Bridge
Another American bridge. Connects the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn and Staten Island. The length of the main span is 1298 meters.
Tsingma Bridge
The Tsingma Bridge is located in Hong Kong and serves as a link between Tsing Yi Island in the east and Ma Wan Island in the west. It has a main span of 1377 meters.
Humber Bridge
This single-span suspension bridge is located in the UK. It connects East Yorkshire and North Lincolnshire. The length of the main span is 1410 meters.
junyang bridge
The main span of this Chinese bridge equal to 1490 meters. It connects two ancient cities - Yangzhou and Zhenjiang.
Great Belt Bridge
The Great Belt Bridge in Denmark is really big - its main span is 1624 meters long. It crosses the strait of the same name and connects the islands of Funen and Zealand.
Xihoumen Bridge
The Chinese tried hard and built the second longest bridge in the world, the main span of which is 1650 meters. The bridge connects Jintang Island and the Zezi Islands.
Akashi Kaikyo Bridge
Only the Japanese surpassed China. Their Akashi-Kaikyo bridge, which crosses the Akashi Strait, is considered the longest in the world, because its main span reaches 1991 meters.
