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To get acquainted with the role of indoor plants in human life, with the ways of their placement in the interior. Learn how to transplant plants.

The custom of decorating a dwelling with plants originated in a country with a pronounced change of seasons in order to keep a green island of wildlife at home. In Russia, the first owners of greenhouses and winter gardens were Prince Golitsyn and Count Sheremetiev.

Human life is connected with nature, with the life of plants. Since ancient times, people have decorated themselves and their homes, shrines with flowers and plants, expressed gratitude for courage and bravery, awarded for services to the fatherland.

Phytodesign is the art of interior design, creating compositions using plants.

Indoor Garden Terrarium Single Plants

JARDINERKA - a light stand, a bookcase or an elegant, artistically designed box, a basket for home flowers From French, this is a mini-garden, that is, a garden in the house.

Herbaceous plants with erect stems Creepers and ampelous plants Rosette plants Globular plants Bushy plants

plant selection; Acquisition and transportation; Selection and preparation of soil; Selection and preparation of containers; Landing; Watering and spraying; cleaning; top dressing;

A cluster (from the English cluster - a beam, an accumulation) is a graphical model, a diagram in the form of a branched tree, where elements with similar parameters are collected.

Progress: Remove the plant from the pot Make drainage for the new pot. Choose a potting mix suitable for the plant. Perform transshipment (transplantation). Water. Place the plant in a dimly lit area in the classroom. Remove your workspace.

REFLECTION At the lesson, I liked the work most of all ….. I managed to find out …. I would like to encourage you to read...

Compile a crossword puzzle on the topic "Indoor plants in the interior of the apartment" Compose a plant passport, which indicates the following data: plant name, family, plant homeland, degree of illumination; temperature regime in summer and winter, watering, transplanting.

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

Presentation for a technology lesson for grade 6 "Interior of a residential building"

Presentation for a technology lesson in grade 6 to the section "Home management technology. Interior of a dwelling." Three main qualities of the interior: functionality, hygiene, aesthetics....

PRESENTATION FOR THE LESSON: "HOUSE PLANTS IN THE INTERIOR"

In order to familiarize students with indoor plants and the history of their occurrence in the home interior, an informative lesson was held among students in grades 7-8 of a correctional school of 3-4 types of city....

Indoor plants

The training material was prepared by Soldatova E.L. technology teacher MBOU gymnasium No. 3

Irkutsk, 2016.

• Classification of indoor plants
• Diseases and pests
• The location of indoor plants in the interior

Classification of indoor plants

By form:

In appearance:

• shrubs;
• With erect stems (tree-like; false palms; columnar);
• Rosette (flat, funnel-shaped, succulent);
• Ampelous and creepers;
• spherical;
• Cereals;

• Decorative leaves;
• Decorative flowering;
• fruit;
• Bromeliads;
• Cacti and succulents.

WITH UPright STEMS

treelike

columnar

false

palm trees

fat girl

treelike

Stenocereus

aloelous

AMPEL AND vines

ordinary

SYNGONIUM

Ragwort

large-tongued

GRAINIC

Calamus, sedge, arundinaria (bamboo), chlorophytum,

sansevieria, wallot.

GLOBULAR

Lophophora

Argyroderma

BUSHING

DIFFENBACHIA

SOCKETS

succulent

Funnel-shaped

flat

Aloe dwarf

Gusmania

Saintpaulia

Haworthia striata

striped

fruit plants

leguminous

Orange

succulents

Pachyphytum

Adromiscus

spotted

ovoid

Gasteria

warty

false truncated

Argyroderma

Bromeliads

They themselves do not grow in the ground, they are attached to trees.

Evergreen gusmania, echmea, cryptanthus, vriesia.

• Lighting
• Temperature
• Watering
• Top dressing (types of fertilizers, top dressing methods)
• Transfer
• Plant propagation
• Diseases and pests of indoor plants

LIGHTING

Depending on the type of plant, they react differently to light intensity. Some grow and develop beautifully in the sun and wither quickly in a dark corner; others feel better in partial shade, but do not withstand direct sunlight.

It is very difficult to determine the intensity of illumination by eye. However, the plants themselves give us a hint. For example, with a lack of light, plant leaves are smaller and paler than usual; flowers are smaller or absent; the lower leaves turn yellow, dry up and fall off. But an excess of light can also be harmful to the plant - brown or gray spots from burns; leaves of shade-loving plants shrivel and die; during the day the leaves droop, become faded

TEMPERATURE CONDITION

Heat is one of the basic conditions for plant life. Plant growth accelerates with an increase in temperature, and slows down with a decrease in temperature. But this is usually in the range from 12°C to 32°C, at higher or lower temperatures, plant growth slows down or stops. The temperature for good growth and development should be optimal. Those. for plants in need of moderate temperature - 15-18 ° C, in cool - 12-15 ° C, heat-loving - 18-22 ° C.

FRESH AIR

Plant respiration occurs constantly, regardless of the time of day. In the process of respiration, carbon dioxide, water and some energy are released. The process of respiration is characteristic of all parts of the plant, but to varying degrees. For example, flowers breathe more strongly than leaves, and leaves more strongly than stems.

WATERING INDOOR PLANTS

Relatively little water is required:

Plants with hard leathery or waxy leaves.

Plants with thick leaves and cacti because they can store water for quite a long time.

Relatively much water is required:

Plants with large soft leaves.

Plants with lots of leaves.

FERTILIZING INDOOR PLANTS

FORMING

Appearance care

Mealy

dew

lodging

seedlings

Dropsy

spotting

Rot

stems

leaves

Black

Rot

roots

Anthrocosis

Rust

Black

Gray

rot

leg

Virus

Lodging of seedlings

Symptoms: Lodging fungi infect the roots and base of seedling stems. The stems at soil level shrivel and rot, and the plants fall. Cause: Waterlogged, not sterilized soil and often planted plants. Help: At the first appearance of the disease, remove the affected seedlings, ventilate the room vigorously and transfer the seedlings to a cooler place.

stem rot

Symptoms: Part of the stem or crown of the plant becomes soft and rots. Cause: The disease-causing fungus usually spreads quickly and kills the plant. Help: In the initial stage, you can try to save the plant by removing all the affected parts. With a strong infection, the plant is thrown away along with the pot and soil.

Rust

Symptoms: Brown concentric circles appear on the underside of the leaf. Help: Affected leaves are removed and burned, fresh air is provided to the plant and sprayed with mancozeb. Do not propagate an affected plant.

Gray rot

Symptoms: Looks like gray fluffy mold. Cause: Mushroom spores brought by the wind settle on the damaged parts of the plant. Their spread is facilitated by increased air moisture and moisture on the leaves. Help: Cut off and burn all affected parts. Remove moldy soil. Reduce watering, mist less frequently, and place the plant in a ventilated area.

Dropsy

Symptoms: Dense cork outgrowths form on the underside of the leaves. Cause: This disease is not caused by fungus or bacteria - it is the reaction of the plant to waterlogging of the soil in conditions of insufficient lighting. Help: Severely affected leaves - remove. Move the plant to a brighter place and reduce watering, healthy leaves will grow after a while.

Black

Symptoms: The plaque is not dangerous for the plant, but it clogs the stomata and closes the surface of the leaf from light, growth slows down and the plant weakens. Cause: Black fungus appears on the sweetish secretions left on leaves by aphids, whiteflies, and mealybugs. Help: Soot deposits are washed off with a wet cloth, then the plant is washed with clean warm water.

Anthracnose

Symptoms: Dark spots appear on the leaves, dark brown streaks may appear on the ends of the leaves. Cause: The disease develops in warm, humid conditions. Help: Remove and burn affected leaves, treat the plant with a systemic fungicide, stop spraying the leaves for a few weeks, and reduce watering.

leaf spot

Symptoms: Moist brown and yellowish spots. With a strong lesion, small spots increase in size and merge, affecting the entire leaf. Cause: Wind-blown fungal spores that primarily attack weakened plants. Help: Remove and destroy affected parts of the plant.

Virus

Symptoms: There is no single symptom of a viral disease. As a rule, the growth of the plant slows down, the stems are bent. Pale green or yellow dots or spots appear on the leaves. White streaks may appear on colored flowers. Cause: The infection is introduced by insects or the plant becomes infected in the greenhouse, before it goes on sale. Help: There are no control measures - if you are sure of the diagnosis, the plant should be discarded.

powdery mildew

Symptoms: A white powdery coating forms on the upper side of the leaves, which later turns brown. Cause: Mushroom spores carried by the wind. Too much fertilizer, a damp-warm place and too dense planting contributes to the spread of infection. Help: Affected parts are removed and destroyed. The plant is sprayed with a decoction of horsetail or a fungicide containing lecithin. Another way is pollination of leaves with sulfur. Provide access to the plant for fresh air.

Root rot (tuber rot)

Symptoms: The leaves turn yellow and wither, then quickly darken and the plant dies. Roots turn red or brown. Cause: Fungal disease of the roots due to waterlogging of the soil. Help: In the early stages of the disease, all damaged roots and parts of the plant should be cut off, transplanted into a new pot and fresh soil, watered with a solution of carbendazim, watered without waterlogging the soil.

"Blackleg"

Symptoms: Disease of stem cuttings. Cause: The base of the cutting turns black due to the defeat of the fungus Botrytis. The development of the disease is facilitated by waterlogging or compaction of the soil, which prevents drainage. Help: The diseased cutting is removed as soon as possible. When you plant cuttings, the soil should not be waterlogged; do not cover the cuttings with glass or polyethylene.

Plant pests are animal organisms that damage various types of plants.

Nematode

Caterpillar

Cyclamen

gossamer

Grape

whitefly

mosquitoes

Mealy

Earwig

whitefly

Tiny white insect. Adult insects are inconspicuous; greenish larvae cover the underside of the leaves and suck out the juice. Symptoms: Light "sucking" spots on the leaves, later - leaf fall. Little white flies that take off from any shake. Cause: They fly through the air or get along with other plants. Their development is favored by a humid climate. Help: Reduce the temperature, put the plant in a dry place. Insecticides help little, but you can spray permethrin-containing preparations every three days.

Mealybug

Small insects covered with white cotton wool. Gathers in large colonies on stems and leaves. Symptoms: Cotton-like deposits on leaves. With severe damage, the leaves wither, turn yellow and fall off. Cause: Dry and warm air contributes to their spread. Help: Increase the humidity of the air, put the plant in a cooler place. Remove "cotton wool" with a damp cloth or cotton swab. For severe infestation, spray weekly with a systemic insecticide

Small brown plaques attached to the underside of the leaf along the veins. Symptoms: Stickiness of leaves unevenly covered with yellowish spots; with severe damage, the leaves dry and fall off. Cause: Scale insects pierce the leaves and suck out the juices. Help: Remove with a damp cloth or wet swab and brush with a soapy alcohol solution or spray with a systemic insecticide. Put the plant in a cooler place and increase the humidity.

Caterpillar

Caterpillars of various insect species can infect greenhouse plants, but they rarely attack indoor plants. Symptoms: Holes in the leaves, some types of caterpillars twist the leaves with silky threads. Cause: Help: Collected by hand and destroyed.

Earwig

Garden and house pest with a dark brown body and two tick-like appendages. During the day it hides, and at night it eats leaves and petals. Symptoms: Holes form on the leaves, up to the complete disappearance of the leaf tissue. Help: Collect insects by hand, looking under the leaf, shake off the flowers.

This tiny black insect is not very dangerous. Thrips fly or crawl from leaf to leaf, leaving characteristic silvery streaks behind them. Symptoms: Yellow spots appear on the leaves, which soon begin to cast silver-gray; brown dots on the underside of the leaf. The flowers become stained and deformed. The growth of the whole plant slows down. Cause: The larvae pierce the leaves and suck out the juice. They thrive in warm, dry air. Help: Increase air humidity, spray with water, if necessary with insecticides.

Red spider mite

A very small sucking arthropod that lives on the underside of the leaf of almost all indoor plants growing in warm, dry air. Symptoms: Thin whitish cobwebs under and between leaves. The upper side of the leaf is covered with yellowish spots, the leaves fall prematurely. Cause: Either appear with the plant, or are brought by the wind. Help: Increase air humidity. If the plant tolerates this, then you can wrap it for several days in a transparent plastic bag. At the first sign of infestation, spray the plant with derris or a systemic insecticide.

grape elephant

The beetles attack the leaves, but the real danger comes from the cream-coloured, up to 2.5 cm long larvae that live in the soil and eat roots, bulbs, and tubers. Symptoms: The leaves wither for no apparent external reason. Cause: They appear with the plant or are brought in from the street. Help: Water the soil with a systemic insecticide.

Small green insect, but can be black, gray or orange. Symptoms: The leaves become sticky, sometimes deformed, the tops of the shoots and flowers wither. Cause: Sucks the juice from the soft tissues of plants. Comes in the spring from the street. Help: At the first sign, spray with soapy water or nettle decoction. Cut off parts of the plant that are significantly damaged and treat the whole plant with permethrin preparations or apply derris.

mushroom mosquitoes

The small black adult insects that fly around the plant are harmless. The danger is represented by tiny white with black heads, worm-like larvae that hatch from eggs. Symptoms: The larvae feed on organic residues in the soil, sometimes devouring the young roots of plants. Help: Water the soil with insecticide and do not over-moisten the substrate.

Nematode

These are microscopic thread worms that come to us along with flower soil. Symptoms: The leaves between the veins turn yellow, then turn brown or black, and finally fall off. Cause: Worms brought along with the flower soil penetrate the stem, leaves and flowers. Help: Remove and destroy fallen parts, change the substrate, reduce air humidity.

Cyclamen mite

Tiny ticks. When there are a lot of them, they look like a layer of dust on the underside of the leaves. Symptoms: Twisted, deformed leaves and flowers, growth retardation. Cause: Ticks pierce the plant and suck out the juices. Ticks prefer warm, humid environments. Help: Destroy the affected parts of the plant, and if this is not possible, then destroy the entire plant. Spraying with conventional insecticides does not work, and special insecticides are very poisonous.

• Hession D.G. All about indoor plants.
• http://mirvzeleni.com/komnatnye-rastenija.

In order to familiarize students with indoor plants and the history of their occurrence in the home interior, an informative lesson was held among students in grades 7-8 of a correctional school of 3-4 types in Krasnodar. This lesson made it possible to expand students' knowledge about caring for indoor plants, to cultivate diligence, exactingness in the quality of work, compliance with safe work with hand tools.

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PRESENTATION FOR THE LESSON: "HOUSE PLANTS IN THE INTERIOR"

The purpose of the lesson: Educational - to familiarize students with the role of indoor plants and the history of their occurrence in the home interior Developing - to expand students' knowledge about caring for indoor plants Educational - to cultivate industriousness, exactingness in the quality of work, observing safe work with hand tools

HOUSEPLANTS

The meaning and role of indoor flowers in human life Many people underestimate the importance of indoor flowers, thinking of them only as a home decoration or a means of improving the microclimate of an apartment, and do not even assume that flowers can open a whole world of harmony in front of a person and clean the house.

Flowers help develop creative abilities, have a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system and on the physical, psychological and energy state of a person as a whole. Indoor flowers minimize the harmful effects of household appliances, clearing the space around them, creating an atmosphere of comfort.

HISTORICAL INFORMATION There are many beautiful and mysterious things in the world of plants. Since ancient times, people have tried to create beauty and comfort in their homes, decorating them with plants, which later became known as the "green friends" of man. "Green friends" settled in our houses and around them. People grow a wide variety of plants in their gardens, summer cottages, on terraces, balconies, and in rooms.

WHERE AND WHEN DID HOUSE PLANTS APPEAR? This question interests many. Scientists-researchers claim that indoor plants appeared a very long time ago - more than three and a half thousand years ago. Already ancient peoples - the Greeks and Romans - grew ornamental plants with special love.

In many countries, botanical gardens were created, where collections of foreign plants were collected. Greenhouses were built for especially tender and heat-loving plants. Thanks to botanical gardens and botanists who were engaged in their mass reproduction, plants appeared in human dwellings. Now it is impossible to establish exactly where, when and who put the first plant in a "shard" (flower pot) on the windowsill.

The homeland of many indoor plants is the tropics and subtropics. Perhaps the most unpretentious and resistant plants, such as ivy, dracaena, palms, tradescantia and aspidistra, were the first there. Skills were gradually acquired, experience was accumulated, rules for growing and caring for decorative indoor plants were created. A lot of effort and love should be shown so that the plant survives in unusual apartment conditions for it. And then it will thank you and bring great joy.

TRADESCANTIA

ASPIDISTRA

TIPS FOR CARE OF HOUSEPLANTS

Caring for indoor plants is not as easy as it seems. If there is a desire to engage in breeding indoor plants on your own, then it is worth considering a number of factors that will help you with this. Compliance with the temperature regime As you know, a decrease in air temperature slows down the development and growth of plants, in addition, it is necessary to protect home flowers from drafts that can destroy them.

Compliance with the light regime In order for the plant to develop normally and develop, it needs a sufficient amount of light. Usually, a distinction is made between light-loving plants, plants that prefer partial shade and shade-tolerant plants. As for placement, light-loving plants are usually placed on the south window, preferring partial shade - on the east or west, and shade-tolerant - on the north. If your plants do not have enough light, use, for example, fluorescent lamps. Lighting from them is as close as possible to natural light and they almost do not radiate heat. In addition, fluorescent lamps consume 4 times less energy than incandescent lamps.

Watering The frequency of watering is determined by the state of the plant and external conditions (heat, soil and air moisture, light intensity, etc.). Potted soil should generally be in a moderately moist state. Do not allow abrupt transitions from lack of moisture to its excess. This means that watering should be regular and uniform. There is a golden rule for watering plants - it is better to water less, but more often than less often and in large quantities.

Water for irrigation What water to water? It is best to water the plants only with soft rain, river or pond water. Keep in mind that rainwater can be polluted by industrial emissions if you live in an industrial area or not far from it. Chlorinated water from the water supply is defended for at least a day, so that the chlorine has time to evaporate. The water temperature should be at least at least room temperature. Cacti are recommended to be watered with warmer water. Watering plants with cold water can cause root rot, bud drop, and even plant death. On the contrary, watering plants with warm water in a cold room is also undesirable, because. this will cause the plant to grow prematurely.

Watering Your Plants While on Vacation A few words about how to ensure your plants are watered while on vacation. Before leaving for a few days, put the plants in a basin filled with water 1/3 of the height of the pot. If you are going to be absent for a longer time (3-4 weeks), fill the containers with peat or earth to a height of 15-20 cm, dig in the plants, after watering them well, and moisten them again. Plants should be placed in a lit place, but not in the sun. There is another way to water. A vessel with water is placed above the plants, from which a woolen or cotton cord is lowered into each pot, which conducts water well. A pot with a plant can be placed above a container of water. In this case, the second end of the cord is inserted into the drainage hole. You can put a few pieces of coal in the water to disinfect.

Feeding the soil with microelements The plant, like our body, needs additional nutrition in the form of various microelements. For example, a lack of calcium in the soil leads to a halt in the growth of roots and stems, young shoots and leaves die; and a lack of potassium prevents the formation of ovaries. A plant that lacks potassium is more susceptible to various fungal diseases.

Humidity This parameter is often overlooked, but it is no less important than all the others in the process of caring for indoor plants. Most often, plants are sprayed to somehow protect their foliage from drying out, but this measure is effective only if it is carried out regularly, almost hourly. In winter, when the air humidity in a heated room is no more than 20%), it is not at all easy for a plant to survive, despite the fact that it is comfortable for it to live in a humidity of 60-80%. Plants suffer greatly from lack of moisture, the foliage becomes pale and withered. In addition, some species, such as asparagus, do not bloom at all at low humidity. When caring for indoor plants, it is optimal to use a humidifier that will maintain the required level of humidity.

Indoor Plant Pests Despite good care and good location, pests can still appear on our plants. The key to a successful fight is the correct and timely identification of the type of pest. Be sure to inspect all plants once a week. Please note that most often pests are found on young leaves, in flowers and buds. Most of them are visible to the naked eye, but some can only be seen with a magnifying glass.

If any pest of indoor plants is found, you need to: 1. Try to remove the pests mechanically by wiping the leaves and stems with a sponge dipped in soapy water or alcohol. 2. Be sure to remove all damaged buds, flowers, leaves and shoots. 3. Isolate the affected plant immediately.

Transplanting Houseplants growing in a limited space of a pot need regular transplantation: the root system grows, the old substrate loses its properties (compacted, clogged with harmful substances). Young and fast growing plants need an annual transplant; adult and slow-growing plants are transplanted less often - once every 2-3 years; large tub plants - even less often, once every 4-5 years (sometimes they simply periodically replace the top layer of the old earth with a fresh substrate). Many indoor plants are transplanted in the spring (usually from late February-early March to May), when they, receiving more and more light and heat from the spring sun, begin to start growing after winter dormancy.

Transshipment Actively developing young plants are not transplanted, but transshipped, without disturbing the earthen clod and without disturbing the roots that have sprouted through it. The plant is removed from the pot that has become cramped and transferred as it is to another, slightly larger pot (the diameter of the new pot should be only 2-3 cm larger than the previous one), adding a fresh substrate to the bottom and sides of the pot when transplanting; watered. Transshipment instead of transplantation is recommended for plants that suffer greatly from disturbance of the root system during the transplantation process (for example, palm trees are only recommended to be transshipped, and in case of a forced transplant, their long roots are by no means cut off, but placed in a ring in a pot). It is advisable to transship, and not replant plants in autumn and winter - after all, at this time the plants are at rest, and transplantation can greatly harm them.

Hygiene is very important for a plant. In order for the plant to be well-groomed, and fallen leaves or flowers do not cause mold and decay, it is necessary to remove yellowing leaves and wilted flowers in time.

Some plants require a dormant period. Observe it. If you disturb the rest of the plant (for example, start feeding it intensively), then it can get sick.

The plant must have a permanent place. You can not rearrange it from place to place and from room to room very often. Each movement is not a big one, but a shock to the plant.

Plants need fresh air, but not a draft! Drafts are very dangerous in late autumn and winter. In summer, many plants can be taken out to the balcony.

The leaves of plants accumulate dust, it closes the pores, and it is difficult for the plant to breathe. Large leaves, like ficus, monstera, chlorophytum, dieffenbachia, should sometimes be wiped with a damp cloth or napkin, and plants with small leaves can simply be sprinkled or washed in the shower. ALOE DIFFENBACHIA

PLANT CARE TOOLS

The role of indoor plants in human life Human life is connected with nature, with the life of plants. Since ancient times, people have decorated themselves and their homes, shrines with flowers and plants, expressed gratitude for courage and bravery, awarded for services to the fatherland. In Burma and India, the custom of decorating honored guests with flower garlands has survived to this day.

Indoor plants with beauty of forms, coloring with fragrance have a beneficial effect on the human body, improve mood, relieve tension, and extinguish nervousness. Plants are housekeepers. They absorb dust, purify the air of carbon dioxide, contribute to its humidification, and destroy harmful microorganisms.

When placing plants, the decorative and artistic value and originality of plants are taken into account. A climbing plant suspended from the ceiling or on a bracket against the wall will visually increase the height of the composition or enliven a boring wall. Large single plants are placed on the floor. Tall narrow leaves visually raise the ceilings, lower open low ones.

A certain arrangement of plants visually changes the space of the premises, allows you to divide the room into separate zones, organize a relaxation area in the form of a small winter garden. If the plant is selected according to color, the interior takes on an irresistible look.

Glossary of terms Liana - a climbing or climbing plant with an elongated stem, unable to climb up without additional support. Ampelous plant - a plant with lash-like shoots hanging freely from a hanging vessel in which it is planted. A terrarium is a flower arrangement planted inside a plastic or glass vessel. Jardinière - a special flower table, equipped with a tin or zinc box with a sewer. A succulent is a plant that has fleshy, succulent leaves or stems that can store and retain water. Phytodesign is the artistic design of the appearance of interiors using plants.