Composing is an important part of the Russian language exam. For a perfectly written essay, you can get 24 primary points out of 57 possible. Of these, three points are given for arguing their position based on reading or life experience. Arguments of the second type are easy to find, but to cast the arguments of the first type, you need to read them. And not just read, but have a good understanding of the content of the works.

What works are ideal for arguing your own position? You can take examples from any books, including the works of foreign authors. It is very easy for a person with rich reading experience to argue any problem. But there are people who do not like to read: someone simply does not like it, someone prefers the exact sciences to literature. We do not condemn such students, but help them prepare well for the exam.

On this page (below) you will find a list of books for the exam in the Russian language. They are prioritized. Unlike other portals dedicated to the Unified State Exam, we try as little as possible to refer to huge works such as War and Peace. Small stories are more revealing and easier to follow. Below is a very small list - only 5 books. But we are sure that a person who reads them with interest will have enough material for argumentation. Do you want us to suggest something else? Contact us!

References for writing an Unified State Exam in the Russian language (5 books)

M. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man"

The work is a storehouse of arguments. It is dedicated to wartime, so the reader will learn about the heroism of the Russian soldier, unshakable moral principles, tremendous strength of mind, acts of honor and conscience, mercy, compassion. The book is useful both for the Unified State Exam and simply for oneself: it gives reason to think and admire. Start reading - it's very interesting!

A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"

Petr Grinev is a man of honor, faithful to his Motherland and his word. He proves this throughout the entire piece. In the book of the great writer, there was a place for love, betrayal, dishonorable deeds, real exploits. We also see the historical context. The piece is easy to read and truly engaging. Reading will not only be a pleasure, but also a pleasant preparation for the exam. In "The Captain's Daughter" A.S. Pushkin, one can find an argument to almost any problem.

A.S. Pushkin "Dubrovsky"

In the novel "Dubrovsky" we see love, friendship, enmity, betrayal, generosity. The friendship of Kirila Petrovich Troekurov and Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky grows into hatred over a trifle and ends in madness and the death of the latter. The confrontation does not end there: Vladimir Dubrovsky, the son of Andrei Gavrilovich, takes revenge on Troekurov. But the young robber falls in love with the daughter of his father's enemy. The book is full of riddles that open up as you read. It is quite small in volume, but very useful for exam preparation.

Vyacheslav Kondratyev "Sashka"

A small work about wartime. Sashka is a collective image of a Russian soldier. The hero goes through all the terrible tests. By his actions, one can understand what people experienced in wartime, what the victories of the Russian people consist of. The work "Sashka" is as close to reality as possible, because its author fought himself. The book is read in one breath. It cannot but touch the soul of each of us. And in terms of the content of arguments important for the Unified State Exam, we can say that only "War and Peace" can be compared with "Sashka".

K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram"

All the works of K.G. Paustovsky can be read in one breath. But one of the most important stories is "Telegram", because it is from it that you can take arguments for composing the Unified State Exam on the most difficult problems. It talks about loneliness, and compassion, and about a career, and about love for your loved ones. A small, but incredibly strong story of the girl Nastya and her old mother. Read this work, not even for the exam, but simply for yourself.

The list of works for composing the Unified State Exam in the Russian language turned out to be small, but it is enough to get the maximum score for arguing your own position. You can give one literary argument, but it will be even better if the second example is taken from books. Read not for show, but for yourself. Celebrate what's interesting. Then the books will definitely be remembered for you. This means that there will be no problems with the exam.

The problem of patriotism:
Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace"
K.F.Ryleev "Ivan Susanin"
K.F.Ryleev "Death of Ermak"
M. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man"
B.Vasiliev "Not on the lists"
V. Bykov "Sign of trouble"
Boris Polevoy "The Story of a Real Man"
S. Yesenin "Goy you, Russia, my dear"

The inhumanity and senselessness of war:
V. Bykov "One night"
Leo Tolstoy "Sevastopol Stories"
K. Vorobyov "Killed near Moscow"
M. Sholokhov "Bakhchevnik"

Nostalgia (longing for the Motherland, love for the Motherland):
S. Dovlatov "A Letter from There" (from the cycle "Invisible Newspaper")
N. Teffi "Memories"

An inseparable connection with the Motherland, with the native land:
A. Solzhenitsyn "Matrenin's yard"

Distortions of the concept of patriotism:
Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace"

Vandalism problem:

Binge drinking problem:
M. Gorky "At the Bottom"
N.A.Nekrasov "Who Lives Well in Russia"
V. Astafiev "Sad Detective"

Human and nature
Influence of nature on the human soul:
"A word about Igor's regiment"
A.P. Chekhov "Steppe"
Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace"
V. Astafiev "The Tsar is a Fish"
Y. Yakovlev "Awakened by Nightingales"
I.S.Turgenev "Notes of a hunter"

Respect for nature:
N.A.Nekrasov "Grandfather Mazai and the hares"
V. Astafiev "The Tsar is a Fish"

Barbarity, cruelty:
B. Vasiliev "Don't Shoot White Swans"
Y. Yakovlev "He killed my dog"

The problem of attitudes towards animals:
Saint - Exupery "The Little Prince"
S. Yesenin "Give, Jim, for luck my paw ..."
The problem of interference with the natural course of things (the danger of ill-considered experiments):
M. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog"
M. Bulgakov "Fatal eggs"
R. Bradbury "And Thunder Rocked"

Moral qualities of a person
The problem of friendship, comradely duty:
N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba"
B.Vasiliev "The Dawns Here Are Quiet"
K. Simonov "The Living and the Dead"
A.S. Pushkin "October 19"
D. London "Love of Life"
D.London "In the Far Land"

The uplifting power of love:
A. Kuprin "Garnet Bracelet"
A. Kuprin "Shulamith"
W. Shakespeare "Romeo and Juliet"
Lyrics by A.S. Pushkin about love

The problem of the role of conscience in our life:
Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace"
F.M.Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"
N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba"

The problem of being true to your beliefs:
M. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man"
A. Solzhenitsyn "One day of Ivan Denisovich"

Self-education problem:
I.S.Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"
N. Chernyshevsky "What to do?"

The problem of a person's responsibility to himself and to society as a whole for the realization of his abilities:
I. Goncharov "Oblomov"
A.P. Chekhov "Ionych"

The moral choice problem:
V.Kondratyev "Sashka"
V. Rasputin "Money for Maria"
A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"

Human aspirations for goodness and happiness (faith in happiness, one's own strength; love of life):
V.G.Korolenko "Paradox"
F.M.Dostoevsky "The Idiot"
N.S.Leskov "The Enchanted Wanderer"
B. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ..."

Compassion, mercy:
V. Tendryakov "Bread for a Dog"
A. Pristavkin "Goldfish"
K. Vorobyov "The Legend of My Peer"

Humanism:
A. Adamovich "Dumb"
M. Sholokhov "Alien Blood"
B. Ekimov "Night of Healing"
B. Ekimov "Sale"
B. Ekimov "How to tell ..."

Man and family
The problem of intergenerational relations:
I.S.Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"
Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace"

Roles of childhood in human life:
Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace"
I. Goncharov "Oblomov"
V. Astafiev "The last bow"

The role of the mother in upbringing:
A. Fadeev "Young Guard"
M. Gorky "Tales of Italy"
K.Vorobyov "Aunt Yegorikha"
L. Ulitskaya "Daughter of Bukhara"
V.Zakrutkin "Human Mother"

Relationship between fathers and children:
A. Aleksin "Mad Evdokia"
N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba"
I.S.Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"
A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"
A. Aleksin "Division of property"

The role of the teacher in human life:
A.I.Kuprin "Taper"
V.Rasputin "French Lessons"
V. Bykov "Obelisk"
A. Aleksin "Mad Evdokia"
A. Aleksin "Third in the fifth row"
A. Saint - Exupery "The Little Prince"
B. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ..."

Indifference of the adult world:
D.V. Grigorovich "Gutta-percha boy"
A. Pristavkin "A golden cloud spent the night"
F.M.Dostoevsky "Boy at Christ's on the Christmas tree"

Historical memory problem:
V.Rasputin "Farewell to Matera"
A.P. Chekhov "Student"
V.Rasputin "Kulikovo Field"
DS Likhachev "Letters about good and beautiful"
V. Soloukhin "Black boards"
A. Akhmatova "Requiem"
A.I.Solzhenitsyn "One day of Ivan Denisovich"

The problem of the role of books in human life:
B. Polevoy "The Story of a Real Man"
A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"
Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace"
M. Gorky "Childhood"
M. Gorky "My universities"
Yu Bondarev "A rare gift"
R. Bradbury "Memories"

The role of music in human life:
K. Paustovsky "The Old Chef"
V.Korolenko "The Blind Musician"
A.P. Chekhov "Rothschild's Violin"
Leo Tolstoy "Albert"
Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace"

The problem of misconceptions about happiness:
A.P. Chekhov "Gooseberry"
A.P. Chekhov "Jumping"

Destructive influence of money:
A.P. Chekhov "Ionych"
N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls"
A.S. Pushkin "The Queen of Spades"

Loneliness:
A.P. Chekhov "Vanka"
A.P. Chekhov "Tosca"
A. Ostrovsky "Dowry"

Rudeness:
M.Zoshchenko "Case history"
A. N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm"
D.Fonvizin "Minor"

Good and evil:
M. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita"

The problem of honor, bribery:
N.V. Gogol "The Inspector General"
N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls"
Tales of Saltykov - Shchedrin
Satirical poems by V. Mayakovsky
M.E.Saltykov - Shchedrin "The history of one city"
A.P. Chekhov "Chameleon"
A.P. Chekhov "Death of an official"
A.P. Chekhov "Thick and thin"
A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"
A. Platonov "Doubted Makar"

Betrayal, irresponsible attitude to the fate of others:
V.Rasputin "Live and Remember"
N.S.Leskov "Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District"
S. Lvov "Friend of my childhood"

Another selection of works:

You need to use at least 1 of your argument, taken from fiction, journalistic or scientific literature. Most often, examples are given from fiction, since it is these works that are taught in literature lessons as part of the school curriculum.

Here is an approximate list of references, arguments from which you can take to substantiate your point of view. It is compiled on the basis of works, of which arguments are most often given when writing an Unified State Exam in the Russian language. The list is sorted alphabetically by last names of authors.

It should be noted that this list of references is not strictly defined and is only advisory in nature. Arguments can be cited from any other works, the main thing is that they correspond to the main problem of the text. It is also not necessary to read all the works below, it is enough for each topic that the text can be devoted to, prepare 2 arguments from some of the works.

References for the arguments of the Unified State Exam in the Russian language

Even a very good retelling cannot replace the literary text itself. " There is no real education without reading,- told his son A.I. Herzen, - there is and can be neither taste, nor many-sided breadth of understanding.

All these works can be downloaded in one archive. Everything is neatly arranged in folders and in chronological order. Fb2 format.

If you do not have an electronic reader, then your admin strongly recommends ordering here or.

Old Russian literature

"A word about Igor's regiment"

From the literature of the 18th century.

DI. Fonvizin... Play "Minor"

G.R. Derzhavin... Poem "Monument"

Literature of the first half of the 19th century

A.S. Griboyedov play "Woe from Wit"

V.A. Zhukovsky poem "Sea", ballad "Svetlana"

A.S. Pushkin novels: "The Captain's Daughter", "Eugene Onegin", the poem "The Bronze Horseman", poems: "The Village", "Prisoner", "In the depths of Siberian ores ...", "Poet", "To Chaadaev", "Song of prophetic Oleg "," To the sea "," Nurse "," K *** "(" I remember a wonderful moment ... ")," October 19 "(" the forest drops his crimson dress ... ")," The Prophet "," Winter road "," Anchar "," Night haze lies on the hills of Georgia ... "," I loved you: love still, maybe ... "," Winter morning "," Demons "," conversation of a bookseller with a poet "," Cloud "," I erected a monument not made by hands ... "," The daylight went out ... "," Desert sower of freedom ... "," Imitations of the Koran "(IX." And a traveler tired of God murmured ... ")," Elegy ", (" Crazy years, extinguished fun ... ")," ... Again I visited ... "

M.Yu. Lermontov the poem "Mtsyri", the novel "A Hero of Our Time", "A Song about ... the merchant Kalashnikov", poems: "No, I'm not Byron, I'm different ...", "Clouds", "Beggar", "From under mysterious, cold half-mask ... "," Sail "," Death of a poet "," Borodino "," When the yellowing cornfield is agitated ... "," Duma "," Poet "(" My dagger shines with a golden finish ... " ), "Three palms", "Prayer" ("In a difficult moment ..."), "And boring and sad", "No, I do not love you so ardently ...", "Homeland", "Sleep" ("In the midday heat in the valley of Dagestan ..."), "The Prophet", "How often, surrounded by a motley crowd ...", "Valerik", "I go out on the road alone ..."

N.V. Gogol the play "The Inspector General", the poem "Dead Souls", the story "The Overcoat".

Literature of the second half of the 19th century

A.A. Fet poems: "Dawn bids farewell to the earth ...", "With one push to drive away a living boat ...", "Evening", "Learn from them - from an oak, from a birch ...", "This morning, this joy ...", "Whisper, timid breathing ... "," The night was shining. The garden was full of the moon. We were lying ... "," Another May night "

ON THE. Nekrasov poem "Who lives well in Russia", poems: "Troika", "I do not like your irony ...", "Railway", "On the road", "Yesterday, at six o'clock ...", "We are with you stupid people ... "," Poet and Citizen "," Elegy "(" Let the changing fashion tell us ... ")," O Muse! I'm at the door of the coffin ... "

I.S. Turgenev the novel "Fathers and Sons"

M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin satirical tales: ("The story of how one man fed two generals", "The Wise Gudgeon", "The Wild Landowner", the novel "The History of a City" (survey study)

L.N. Tolstoy epic novel "War and Peace"

F.M. Dostoevsky novel "Crime and Punishment"

I.A. Goncharov novel "Oblomov"

N.S. Leskov one work (at the choice of the examinee) for example, the story "Lefty" or "Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk district".

A.N. Ostrovsky play "Thunderstorm"

F.I. Tyutchev poems: "Noon", "There is singing in the waves of the sea ...", "A kite rose from the clearing ...", "There is in the original autumn ...", "Silentium!", "Not what you think, nature ...", “The mind cannot understand Russia ...”, “Oh, how murderously we love ...”, “We cannot predict ...”, “K. B. " (“I met you - and everything is old ...”), “Nature is a sphinx. And so it is more true ... "

Literature of the late XIX - early XX century

A.P. Chekhov play "The Cherry Orchard", stories: "Student", "Ionych", "Man in a Case", "Lady with a Dog", "Death of an Official", "Chameleon"

From the literature of the first half of the XX century

I.A. Bunin stories: "The gentleman from San Francisco", "Clean Monday"

A.A. Akhmatova poem "Requiem", poems: "Song of the last meeting", "I clenched my hands under a dark veil ...", "I don't need odic ratios ...", "I had a voice. He called comfortingly ... "," Native land "," Tear-stained autumn, like a widow ... "," Primorsky sonnet "," There are such days before spring ... "," I carried those who abandoned the earth ... " , "Poems about St. Petersburg", "Courage"

M. Tsvetaeva poems: "To my poems, written so early ...", "Poems to Blok" ("Your name is a bird in your hand ..."), "Who is made of stone, who is made of clay ...", "Longing for the homeland! For a long time ... "," Books in a red binding "," Granny "," Seven hills - like seven bells! .. "(from the cycle" Poems about Moscow ")

M. Gorky the play "At the Bottom", the story "The Old Woman Izergil"

S.A. Yesenin poems: "Goy you, Russia, my dear! ..", "Do not wander, do not wrinkle in the crimson bushes ...", "We are now leaving a little ...", "Letter to the mother", "The feather grass is asleep. Dear plain ... "," You are my Shagane, Shagane ... "," I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t cry ... "," Soviet Russia "," The road is thinking about the red evening ... " , "Pushkin", "I'm walking along the valley. On the back of the cap ... "," Low house with blue shutters ... "

B.L. Parsnip the novel "Doctor Zhivago" (a survey study with an analysis of fragments), poems: "February. Get ink and cry! .. "," Definition of poetry "," In everything I want to reach ... "," Hamlet "," Winter night "," No one will be in the house ... "," It's snowing "," About these verses "," To love others is a heavy cross ... "," Pines "," Hoarfrost "," July "

O.E. Mandelstam"Notre Dame", "Insomnia. Homer.Tight sails ... "," For the explosive prowess of the coming centuries ... ","I returned to my city, familiar to tears ..."

V.V. Mayakovsky poem "A Cloud in Pants", poems: "Could you?", "Listen!", "Violin and a Little Nervous", "Lilichka!" to horses "," An extraordinary adventure that happened with Vladimir Mayakovsky in the summer at the dacha "," Giveaway "," Letter to Tatiana Yakovleva "

A.A. Block poem "Twelve", poems: "Stranger", "Russia", "Night, street, lamp, pharmacy ...", "In a restaurant", "The river spreads out. Flows, lazily sad ... "(from the cycle" On the Kulikovo field ")," On the railroad "," I enter the dark temples ... "," Factory "," Russia "," About valor, about exploits, about glory ... "," Oh, I want to live madly ... "

M.A. Sholokhov novel "Quiet Don", short story "The Fate of a Man"

M.A. Bulgakov novels: The Master and Margarita, The White Guard (optional)

A.T. Tvardovsky poem "Vasily Terkin" (chapters "Crossing", "Two soldiers", "Duel", "Death and Warrior")

A.I. Solzhenitsyn story "Matrenin's yard", story "One day of Ivan Denisovich"

A.P. Platonov one work (at the choice of the examinee)

From the literature of the second half of the XX century

Prose of the second half of the XX century: F.A. Abramov, Ch.T. Aitmatov, V.P. Astafiev, V.I. Belov, A.G. Bitov, V.V. Bykov, V.S. Grossman, S.D. Dovlatov, V.L. Kondratyev, V.P. Nekrasov, E.I. Nosov, V.G. Rasputin, V.F. Tendryakov, Yu.V. Trifonov, V.M. Shukshin (works by at least three authors of their choice)

Poetry of the second half of the 20th century: B.A. Akhmadulina, I.A. Brodsky, A.A. Voznesensky, V.S. Vysotsky, E.A. Evtushenko, N.A. Zabolotsky, Yu.P. Kuznetsov, L.N. Martynov, B.Sh. Okudzhava, N.M. Rubtsov, D.S. Samoilov, B.A. Slutsky, V.N. Sokolov, V.A. Soloukhin, A.A. Tarkovsky (poems by at least three authors by choice)

Dramatic art of the second half of the twentieth century: A.N. Arbuzov, A.V. Vampilov, A.M. Volodin, V.S. Rozov, M.M. Roshchin (a work of one author of his choice)

Information on the theory and history of literature

1. 1 fiction as the art of words
   1.2 Folklore. Folklore genres
   1.3 Artistic image. Artistic time and space
   1.4 Content and form. Poetics
   1.5 The author's intention and its implementation. Fictional fiction.
   Fantasy
   1.6 Historical and literary process. Literary directions and trends:
   classicism, sentimentalism, romanticism, realism, modernism
   (symbolism, acmeism, futurism), postmodernism
   1.7 Literary genders: epos, lyrics, lyroepics, drama. Literature genres:
   novel, epic novel, story, story, sketch, parable; poem, ballad;
   lyric poem, song, elegy, message, epigram, ode,
   sonnet; comedy, tragedy, drama
   1.8 Copyright position. Topic. Idea. Problems. Plot. Composition.
   Epigraph. Antithesis. Stages of action development: exposure, setting,
   climax, denouement, epilogue. Lyrical digression. Conflict.
   Author-narrator. The image of the author. Character. Interior. Character.
   A type. Lyrical hero. System of images. Portrait. Landscape. Speaking
   surname. Remark. "Eternal themes" and "eternal images" in literature.
   Pathos. The story. Speech characteristics of the hero: dialogue, monologue;
   inner speech. The tale
   1.9 Detail. Symbol. Subtext
   1.10 Psychologism. Nationality. Historicism
   1.11 Tragic and Comic. Satire, humor, irony, sarcasm. Grotesque
   1.12 Language of a work of art. A rhetorical question,
   exclamation. Aphorism. Inversion. Repeat. Anaphora. Pictorial
   expressive means in a work of art: comparison,
   epithet, metaphor (including personification), metonymy. Hyperbola.
   Allegory. Oxymoron.
   Sound writing: alliteration, assonance
   1.13 Style
   1.14 Prose and poetry. Versification systems. Poetic dimensions: ferret,
   iambic, dactyl, amphibrachium, anapest. Rhythm. Rhyme. Stanza. Dolnik.
   Accent verse. Blank verse. Vers libre

2. List of required literature

From old Russian literature
2.1 "A word about Igor's regiment"

From the literature of the 18th century.
3.1 D.I.Fonvizin. Play "Minor"
3.2 G.R.Derzhavin. Poem "Monument"

From the literature of the first half of the XIX century.
4.1 V.A. Zhukovsky. Poem "Sea"
4.2 V.A. Zhukovsky. Ballad "Svetlana"
4.3 A.S. Griboyedov. The play "Woe from Wit"
4.4 A.S. Pushkin. Poems: "The Village", "The Prisoner", "In the Depths
Siberian ores ... "," Poet "," To Chaadaev "," Song of the Prophetic Oleg ",
"To the sea", "Nurse", "K ***" ("I remember a wonderful moment ..."),
"October 19" ("The forest is dropping its crimson dress ..."), "The Prophet", "Winter
road "," Anchar "," On the hills of Georgia lies the night haze ... "," I will
loved: love still, maybe ... "," Winter Morning "," Demons "," Conversation
bookseller with a poet "," Cloud "," I erected a monument to myself
not made by hands ... "," The daylight has gone out ... "," Freedom sower
desert ... "," Imitations of the Koran "(IX." And the traveler tired of God
murmured ... ")" Elegy ", (" Crazy years, extinguished fun ... ")," ... Again I
visited ... "
4.5 A.S. Pushkin. The Captain's Daughter novel
4.6 A.S. Pushkin. Poem "The Bronze Horseman"
4.7 A.S. Pushkin. The novel "Eugene Onegin"
4.8 M.Yu. Lermontov. Poems: "No, I'm not Byron, I'm different ...",
"Clouds", "Beggar", "From under a mysterious, cold half-mask ...",
"Sail", "Death of the Poet", "Borodino", "When the yellowing
cornfield ... "," Duma "," Poet "(" My dagger shines with gold trim ... "),
"Three palms", "Prayer" ("In a difficult moment ..."), "And it's boring and
sad "," No, I do not love you so ardently ... "," Motherland "," Dream "
("At noon heat in the valley of Dagestan ..."), "Prophet", "How often,
surrounded by a motley crowd ... "," Valerik "," I go out on the road alone ... "
4.9 M.Yu. Lermontov. Poem "Song about ... the merchant Kalashnikov"
4.10 M.Yu. Lermontov. Poem "Mtsyri"
4.11 M.Yu. Lermontov. The novel "A Hero of Our Time"
4.12 N.V. Gogol. The play "The Inspector General"
4.13 N.V. Gogol. The story "Overcoat"
4.14 N.V. Gogol. Poem "Dead Souls"

From the literature of the second half of the XIX century.
5.1 A.N. Ostrovsky. The play "Thunderstorm"
5.2 I.S. Turgenev. The novel "Fathers and Sons"
5.3 Full name Tyutchev. Poems: "Noon", "There is singing in the sea
waves ... "," A kite rose from the meadow ... "," There is in the fall
original ... "," Silentium! "," Not what you think, nature ... ",
"The mind cannot understand Russia ...", "Oh, how destructively we love ...", "We do not
given to predict ... "," K. B. " ("I met you - and everything is old ..."),
“Nature is a sphinx. And so it is more true ... "

5.4 A.A. Fet. Poems: "Dawn says goodbye to the earth ...", "One push
drive the boat alive ... "," Evening "," Learn from them - from an oak, from a birch ... ",
"This morning, this joy ...", "Whisper, timid breath ...", "The night was shining.
The garden was full of the moon. We were lying ... "," Another May night "
5.5 I.A. Goncharov. Roman "Oblomov"
5.6 N.A. Nekrasov. Poems: "Troika", "I do not like your irony ...",
"Railway", "On the road", "Yesterday, at six o'clock ...",
"You and I are stupid people ...", "Poet and Citizen", "Elegy"
(“Let the changing fashion tell us ...”), “O Muse! I'm at the door of the coffin ... "
5.7 N.A. Nekrasov. Poem "Who Lives Well in Russia"
5.8 M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. Fairy tales: "The story of how one man of two
fed the generals "," The Wild Landowner "," The Wise Piskar "
5.9 M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. The novel "The History of a City" (overview
study of)
5.10 L.N. Tolstoy. The novel "War and Peace"
5.11 F.M. Dostoevsky. The novel "Crime and Punishment"
5.12 NS Leskov. One work (at the choice of the examinee)

From the literature of the late XIX - early XX century.
6.1 A.P. Chekhov. Stories: "Student", "Ionych", "Man in a Case", "Lady
with a dog "," Death of an official "," Chameleon "
6.2 A.P. Chekhov. The play "The Cherry Orchard"

From the literature of the first half of the XX century.
7.1 I.A. Bunin. Stories: "Master from San Francisco", "Clean
Monday"
7.2 M. Gorky. The story "Old woman Izergil"
7.3 M. Gorky. Play "At the Bottom"
7.4 A.A. Block. Poems: "Stranger", "Russia", "Night, Street,
a lamp, a pharmacy ... "," In a restaurant "," The river spreads out. Flows, sad
lazily ... "(from the cycle" On the Kulikovo field ")," On the railway ",
"I enter dark temples ...", "Factory", "Russia", "About valor, oh
exploits, about glory ... "," Oh, I want to live madly ... "
7.5 A.A. Block. Poem "Twelve"
7.6 V.V. Mayakovsky. Poems: "Could you?", "Listen!",
"Violin and a little nervous", "Lilichka!", "Jubilee",
"Sit back", "Nate!", "Good attitude to horses",
"An extraordinary adventure that happened with Vladimir Mayakovsky in the summer
in the country "," Giveaway "," Letter to Tatiana Yakovleva "
7.7 V.V. Mayakovsky. Poem "A Cloud in Pants"
7.8 S.A. Yesenin. Poems: "Goy you, Russia, my dear! ..", "Do not wander,
do not crumple in the crimson bushes ... "," We are now leaving a little ... ",
“Letter to Mother”, “Feather Grass is Asleep. Plain dear ... "," Shagane you are mine,
Shagane ... "," I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t cry ... "," Sovetskaya Rus ",
"The road was thinking about the red evening ...", "The hewn tracks sang ..."
"Rus", "Pushkin", "I am walking along the valley. On the back of the cap ... "," Low house
with blue shutters ... "

7.9 M.I. Tsvetaeva. Poems: "To my poems written so early ...",
"Poems to Blok" ("Your name is a bird in your hand ..."), "Who is made of stone,
who is made of clay ... "," homesickness! For a long time ... "," Books in red
bound "," Granny "," Seven hills - like seven bells! .. "(from the cycle
"Poems about Moscow")
7.10 O.E. Mandelstam. Poems: "Notre Dame", "Insomnia. Homer.
Tight sails ... "," For the explosive prowess of the coming centuries ... ",
"I returned to my city, familiar to tears ..."
7.11 A.A. Akhmatova. Poems: "Song of the last meeting", "Squeezed
hands under a dark veil ... "," I don't need odic rati ... "," I
the voice was. He called comfortably ... "," Native land "," Tear-stained autumn, how
widow ... "," Primorsky sonnet "," Before spring there are days like this ... "," Not
with those who have abandoned the land ... "," Poems about St. Petersburg "," Courage "
7.12 A.A. Akhmatova. Poem "Requiem"
7.13 M.A. Sholokhov. Roman "Quiet Don"
7.14 M.A. Sholokhov. The story "The Fate of a Man"
7.15 A. M. A. Bulgakov. The novel "White Guard" (choice allowed)
7.15.B M.A. Bulgakov. The novel "The Master and Margarita" (choice allowed)
7.16 A.T. Tvardovsky. Poems: "The whole point is in one and only
covenant ... "," In memory of mother "(" In the land where they were taken out in a herd ... "),
"I know, it's not my fault ..."
7.17 A.T. Tvardovsky. Poem "Vasily Terkin" (chapters "Crossing", "Two
soldier "," Duel "," Death and the Warrior ")
7.18 B.L. Parsnip. Poems: “February. Get ink and cry! .. ",
"The definition of poetry", "In everything I want to walk ...", "Hamlet",
"Winter night" ("Melo, it was shallow all over the earth ..."), "There will be no one in
home ... "," Snow is coming "," About these poems "," Loving others is hard
cross ... "," Pines "," Hoarfrost "," July "
7.19 B.L. Parsnip. Novel "Doctor Zhivago" (overview study with analysis
fragments)
7.20 A.P. Platonov. One work (at the choice of the examinee)
7.21 A.I. Solzhenitsyn. Story "Matrenin's yard"
7.22 A.I. Solzhenitsyn. The story "One Day in Ivan Denisovich"

From the literature of the second half of the twentieth century.

8.1 Prose of the second half of the XX century.
F. Abramov, Ch.T. Aitmatov, V.P. Astafiev, V.I. Belov, A.G. Bits,
V.V. Bykov, V.S. Grossman, S.D. Dovlatov, V.L. Kondratiev,
V.P. Nekrasov, E.I. Nosov, V.G. Rasputin, V.F. Tendryakov,
Yu.V. Trifonov, V.M. Shukshin (works of at least three authors based on
choice)
8.2 Poetry of the second half of the XX century
B.A. Akhmadulina, I.A. Brodsky, A.A. Voznesensky, V.S. Vysotsky,
E.A. Evtushenko, N.A. Zabolotsky, Yu.P. Kuznetsov, L.N. Martynov,
B.Sh. Okudzhava, N.M. Rubtsov, D.S. Samoilov, B.A. Slutsky,
V.N. Sokolov, V.A. Soloukhin, A.A. Tarkovsky (poems at least
three authors of their choice)

8.3 Drama of the second half of the twentieth century
A.N. Arbuzov, A.V. Vampilov, A.M. Volodin, V.S. Rozov, M.M. Roshchin
(a work of one author by choice)

3. List of requirements for the level of training of graduates

1 Know / understand:

1.1 the figurative nature of verbal art;
1.2 the content of the studied literary works;
1.3 basic facts of the life and work of classic writers
XIX – XX centuries, stages of their creative evolution;
1.4 historical and cultural context and creative history of the studied
works;
1.5 basic laws of the historical and literary process,
information about individual periods of its development, features of literary
directions and currents;
1.6 basic literary-theoretical concepts

2.1 reproduce the content of a literary work;
2.2 analyze and interpret a literary work,
using information on the history and theory of literature
(artistic structure; theme; problematics; moral
pathos; system of images; features of composition, artistic
time and space; pictorial and expressive means
language; artistic detail); analyze episode (scene)
the studied work, explain its connection with the problematic
works;
2.3 relate fiction to public facts
life and culture; to reveal the role of literature in the spiritual and
cultural development of society;

2.4 to reveal concretely historical and universal
the content of the studied literary works; to bind
literary classics with the time of writing, with modernity and
tradition; identify cross-cutting themes and key issues
Russian literature;
2.5 to relate the studied work to the literary direction
era; highlight the features of literary trends and trends in
analysis of the work;
2.6 to determine the genre-generic specifics of the literary
works;
2.7 compare literary works, as well as their various
artistic, critical and scientific interpretations;
2.8 identify the author's position, characterize the style features
a writer;
2.9 formulate reasonably your attitude to what you read
product;
2.10 write essays on literary topics.

3 Use the acquired knowledge and skills in practice and everyday life for:

3.1 creating a coherent text on the proposed topic, taking into account the norms
Russian literary language;
3.2 engaging in dialogue or discussion